External Parts of The Brain

 Cerebrum
o The largest part of the brain
o The cerebrum initiates and coordinates movement and regulates temperature. Other
areas of the cerebrum enable speech, judgment, intellect, emotions and senses.
o 4 Parts of Cerebrum
 Frontal Lobe – Front part of your brain which is responsible for movement,
reasoning, problem-solving and judgment. It also manages behavior and
personality (it’s also a filter to stop you from doing or saying things you might
later regret).
 Parietal Lobe - This lobe processes everything your senses take in. That includes
sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch or temperature.
 Temporal Lobe - This lobe helps us understand and respond to the world around
us. It plays a key role in communication, memory formation, language
processing, emotion processing, and sensory processing. It holds two memories
the working memory and long-term memory.
 2 types of memory:
o Long-term memory - memory process in the brain that takes information from
the short-term memory store and creates long lasting memories.
o Short-term memory – also called working memories, is the ability to keep
information in mind for a short period while using this information for the task at
hand. Mora siyag RAM sa computer, temporary ra.
 Occipital Lobe – This lobe sits at the back of the head and are responsible for
visual perception sent from your eyes. This lobe also controls your eyesight. It
also plays a crucial role in storing memory.
 Cerebellum
o Located under the cerebrum
o While cerebrum sends signals to the muscles, cerebellum helps calculate and control
your movements.
o It is responsible for coordination and balance
 Brainstem
o The structure that connects the cerebrum of the brain to the spinal cord and cerebellum
o It is responsible for basic life functions such as breathing, consciousness, heart rate and
sleep.
 Spinal Cord
o It is a cylindrical structure that runs through the center of your spine.
o Connects the brain to the rest of the body, responsible for transmitting nerve signals.
o It is the pathway for messages sent by the brain to the body and from the body to the
brain.
 Gyrus / Gyri(plural)
o Is a ridge on the cerebral cortex.
o It increases the surface area of the brain, allowing for greater cognitive processing.
There are many specific gyri which are important to the brain’s functions.
 Sulcus / Sulci(plural)
o Is a groove in the cerebral cortex
o It surrounds each gyrus, helping to increase the amount of cerebral cortex that can fit in
the skull. The sulci also help to divide different regions of the brain.