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ODI

Report Part Title: Introduction

Report Title: Crafting development power


Report Subtitle: Evolving European approaches in an age of polycrisis
Report Author(s): Yunnan Chen, Raphaëlle Faure and Nilima Gulrajani
Published by: ODI (2023)
Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep51669.8

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4 ODI Report

1 Introduction
Covid-19. Cost of living. Climate. Conflict. Our *LYHQDŒQHZ&ROG:DUIRUIRUHLJQDLGœLV
world today is like a cake layered with crises that QRZPRUHWKDQPHUHO\K\SRWKHWLFDO .XPDU
are anything but vanilla. Radical uncertainty  DQXDQFHGXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIWKHZD\V
envelops all countries irrespective of wealth, GHYHORSPHQWFRRSHUDWLRQLQWHUIDFHVZLWKVWDWH
with stark effects on human development, social SRZHUFDSDELOLWLHVZRXOGVHHPWLPHO\7KHEDWWHO
stability and political polarisation (UNDP, 2022a). to win allies, defend democracy and safeguard
There is both frosty suspicion of states, and deep supply chains will be fought on many foreign
mistrust among states. Global politics, already policy battlefields, and will almost certainly
struggling with messy multipolarity, is now HQVQDUHGHYHORSPHQWFRRSHUDWLRQLILWKDVQRW
gridlocked by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine that GRQHVRDOUHDG\'HYHORSPHQWFRRSHUDWLRQ
exacerbates the rift between China, the United PD\EHXVHGWRIXUWKHUQDWLRQDOREMHFWLYHVEXW
States and their allies (Foa et al., 2022). such instrumentalisation also poses real threats
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$Q[LHWLHVRYHUSRO\FULVLVDQGSRZHUDUHWKHPDLQ VXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQWWKDWOLHLQWKHORQJ
filters through which global policy now percolates. WHUPLQWHUHVWVRIDOOVWDWHV7KHDLPLQWKLVSDSHU
:HVWHUQOHDGHUVFDOOIRUWKHFUHDWLRQRIUREXVW LVWRKLJKOLJKWWKHVHSRVVLELOLWLHVIRUFXOWLYDWLQJ
security perimeters to ensure access to energy national power, illustrate the emerging strategies
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and secure digital infrastructures. In such a *HUPDQ\DQG6ZHGHQ DQGGUDZDWWHQWLRQWRWKH
ZRUOGZHDUHWROGHYHU\WKLQJŐIURPSLSHOLQHV consequences that instrumentalisation may bring.
DQGSURFHVVRUVWRSRSXODWLRQVRQWKHPRYHŐLV 7KUHHTXHVWLRQVPRWLYDWHWKLVVWXG\
a potential weapon to be deployed by states
ZDQWLQJWRUHDVVXUHSURWHFWDQGDGYDQWDJHWKHLU  :KDWLVWKHPHDQLQJRIdevelopment power
FLWL]HQV (($6  WRGD\",VWKHUHDDPRGHOIRUKRZWRFUDIWLWLQD
ZRUOGZKHUHFRQFHVVLRQDO2'$LVQRORQJHUDV
2YHUVHDVGHYHORSPHQWFRRSHUDWLRQKDVEHHQDW VDOLHQWDVLWRQFHZDV"
the intersection of power conflicts and polycrisis +RZGRVHQLRUSROLF\RƀFLDOVDQGREVHUYHUV
EHIRUH)RUPRVWRILWVKLVWRU\ŒIRUHLJQDLGœKDV LQIRXU(XURSHDQFRXQWULHVXQGHUVWDQGWKH
EHHQWKHPDLQGHYHORSPHQWSROLF\LQVWUXPHQW UHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQGHYHORSPHQWLQVWUXPHQWV
IRUFXOWLYDWLQJDOOLHVLQIOXHQFHDQGLQWHUHVWVD DQGQDWLRQDOSRZHU"
contested policy arena for nations wrestling :KDWDUHWKHHPHUJLQJGRQRUVWUDWHJLHVIRU
ZLWKSRVWFRORQLDOLGHQWLWLHVDQGVWDWHEXLOGLQJ FXOWLYDWLQJGHYHORSPHQWSRZHU":KDWULVNVDQG
FKDOOHQJHV /RHKU3ULFHDQG5LDFKXU %XW RSSRUWXQLWLHVPLJKWWKHVHVWUDWHJLHVEULQJ"
SDVWZHDSRQLVDWLRQKDVKDUGO\FRYHUHGDLGLQ
glory; rather, the blunt use of aid as a strategic 7KLVSDSHUH[SORUHVWKHFRQFHSWXDODQGHPSLULFDO
LQVWUXPHQWKDVEHHQDVRXUFHRIVXERSWLPDO UHODWLRQVKLSVWKDWOLQNGHYHORSPHQWLQVWUXPHQWV
LPSDFWHYHQIDLOXUH .HQQ\DQG<DQJ  and different forms of national power.

 :KLOHQRWDQXQFRQWHVWHGFRQFHSWZHGHžQHŒPLGGOHSRZHUVœDVVWDWHVWKDWDUHQRWVXSHUSRZHUVEXWVWLOO
SURMHFWVLJQLžFDQWLQſXHQFHDQGKDYHVRPHFDSDFLW\WRVKDSHLQWHUQDWLRQDODŽDLUV

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5 ODI Report

,WDLPVWRPDNHH[SOLFLWthe ways contemporary more principled national interest., rather than


development cooperation is linked to the HQFRXUDJLQJLWVDSSOLFDWLRQDVDFRHUFLYHWRRORYHU
pursuit of power and offers analysis of the WKH*OREDO6RXWK:HFRQFOXGHZLWKDIHZLGHDVRQ
theory, empirical evidence and policy practices what might be included in a checklist on how to
of this relationship,WORRNVFORVHO\DWKRZVHYHUDO FXOWLYDWHVPDUWGHYHORSPHQWSRZHU
(XURSHDQGRQRUVDUHGHDOLQJZLWKWKHWUDQVLWLRQ
WRDZLGHUDQGPRUHH[SOLFLWO\LQWHUHVWGULYHQ
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and influence appear and manifest in the different
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power intersect today, assess the ways donors
are adapting to a world of radical uncertainty
and geopolitical rupture, open the door to future
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and sustained, as well as take the measure of the
risks these adaptations may pose to the integrity
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Section 2SUHVHQWVDQRYHUYLHZRQLQWHUQDWLRQDO
relations (IR) conceptualisations of power and
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GHYHORSPHQWFRRSHUDWLRQ,WSURYLGHVDGHILQLWLRQ
IRUGHYHORSPHQWSRZHUDQGXQSDFNVRXUPRGHO
IRUXQGHUVWDQGLQJWKHZD\VGHYHORSPHQW
FDQFXOWLYDWHSRZHUFDSDELOLWLHVSections
3 to 6 focus on specific instruments in the
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cooperation, multilateralism and global public
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RXULQWHUYLHZVZHUHFROOHFWHGLQDQGWKXV
PD\KDYHEHHQVXSHUFHGHGE\PRUHUHFHQWSROLF\
GHYHORSPHQWV1HYHUWKHOHVVSection 7 collates
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that helps us understand the emerging strategies
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GHYHORSPHQWSRZHU%\ZD\RIFRQFOXVLRQ
in Section 8 the authors offer a considered
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FRQFHSWRIGHYHORSPHQWSRZHUDQGKRZLWPLJKW
FDWDO\VHJUHDWHUGRQRUHIIRUWLQWKHVHUYLFHRID

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