Biotechnology Activity Sheet

Quarter 1—MELC 5
Week 4
Preparation of Reagents
Biotechnology Activity Sheet No. 4
Preparation of Reagents
First Edition, 2020

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By the Department of Education
Region 6 -- Western Visayas

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Development Team of Biotechnology Activity Sheet

Writer: Ruby Ann Dahay- Angelino

Editor: Daisy L. Lopez
Carmel Joy P. Aujero
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Schools Division Quality Assurance Team:
Ma. Cristina G. Caballero
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Carmel Joy P. Aujero
Division of Silay City Management Team:
Gladys Amylaine D. Sales
Salvacion J. Senayo
Federico P. Pillon Jr.
Daisy L. Lopez
Carmel Joy P. Aujero
Regional Management Team:
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Josilyn S. Solana
Elena P. Gonzaga
Donald T. Genine
Rovel R. Salcedo
Moonyeen C. Rivera
Anita S. Gubalane
Minda L. Soldevilla
Daisy L. Lopez
Joseph M. Pagalaran
Introductory Message:
Welcome to Biotechnology!

This Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of the

Schools Division of Silay City and DepEd Regional Office VI- Western Visayas
through the Curriculum Learning Management Division (CLMD). This is
developed to guide the learning facilitators (teachers, parents and responsible
adults) in helping the learners to meet the standards set by the K to 12 Basic
Education Curriculum.

This Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials aimed to

guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and time using
the contextualized resources in the community. This will also assist the learners
in acquiring the lifelong learning skills, knowledge and attitudes for productivity
and employment.

For learning facilitator:

The Biotechnology Activity Sheet will help you facilitate the teaching-
learning activities specified in each Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC)
with minimal or no face-to-face encounter between you and learner. This will be
made available to the learners with the reference/links to ease the independent
learning.

For the learner:

` The Biotechnology Activity Sheet is developed to helped you continue

learning even if you are not in school. This learning material provides with
meaningful and engaging activities for independent learning. Being an active
learner, carefully read and understand the instructions then perform the
activities and answer the assessments. This will be returned to your facilitator on
the agreed schedule.
Name of Learner: ________________________________________________________
Grade and Section: ______________________________________ Date: _________

BIOTECHNOLOGY ACTIVITY SHEET No. 4

Preparation of Reagents

I. Learning Competency
1. Discuss the proper ways of preparation of reagents.

II. Background Information for Learners

As early as Elementary days, you learned about physical and chemical

changes. You enjoyed tearing, crumpling and cutting paper into pieces. You also
watched your teacher burning a piece of paper and got amazed of the product
after. But have you ever asked yourself how chemical change occurs in
laboratory activities? How can a simple colorless solution turn into pink, violet
and later back into colorless again? Is there something added to make chemical
reaction possible?
This learning activity will help you to gradually unlock answers, making your
Science life as a student more beautiful.

A reagent is a compound or mixture added to a system to cause a chemical

reaction or test if a reaction occurs. A reagent may be used to find out whether or
not a specific chemical substance is present by causing a reaction to occur with
it. It is an integral part of any chemical reaction. It is a substance or compound
that can facilitate a reaction, and they are used in most widely used tests. This
includes, for example, pregnancy tests, blood glucose tests, and most COVID-19
test kits.

Reagents can also be limiting. Limiting reagents stop a chemical reaction

when they are used up. The chemical reaction relies on the reagent to continue
the reaction and stops when there is no more substance. The limiting reagents,
therefore, dictate when a certain chemical reaction does not continue.

Reagents are often used to indicate the presence of compounds by triggering

changes in colors to indicate presence. Below are some examples of reagents and
their uses.

Reagent Discovered Preparation Uses

by
Benedict Stanley Add 5 ml of Benedict's
Rossiter qualitative reagent in a
Benedict test tube. Add 8 drops
(0.5 ml) of urine. Boil over
a flame (or in a boiling
water bath) for 5-10
minutes. Cool under tap
*Use to test for the
presence of glucose
in urine.
*Identifies reducing
sugars
*Reacts with sugar
to form copper oxide,
 water. a reddish brown
powder.
*Changes to green,
yellow, orange or red
according to the
concentration of
glucose present in
urine.
Iodine Reagent Barnard The most commonly used *Use as an indicator
Courtois (nominal) 5% solution test for the presence
consists of 5% (wt/v) of starches
metallic iodine (I2) and *Turns deep blue-
10% (wt/v) potassium black in color added
iodide (KI) mixed in to sample that
distilled water, and has a contains starch.
total iodine content of *A solution of Iodine
126.4 mg/mL. is light orange brown
in water.
Molisch’s Hans The test solution is *Use to check for the
Reagent Molisch combined with a small presence of
amount of Molisch's carbohydrates in a
reagent (α-naphthol given sample
dissolved in ethanol) in a * Development of a
test tube. After mixing, a purple ring at the
small amount of layer formed by the
concentrated sulfuric acid concentrated acid is
is slowly added down the a positive indicator
sides of the that the sample
sloping test-tube, without contains
mixing, to form a layer. carbohydrate
Phenolphthalei Adolf von Weigh out 0.5 g of *Use as pH indicator
n Baeyer phenolphthalein. Prepare *Colorless below pH
a 50% ethanol (ethyl 8.5 and attains a
alcohol) solution pink to deep red hue
consisting of 50ml ethanol above pH 9.0
and 50 ml water. Dissolve
the phenolphthalein
thoroughly in the 50%
ethanol solution. Use
from a bottle fitted with
an eye dropper.
Millon Auguste Prepared by dissolving *Use to detect the
Nicolas mercuric nitrate in nitric presence of soluble
Eugene acid, and then adding proteins.
Millon water to dilute it. The *A few drops of the
reagent is used in Millon reagent are added to
reaction test wherein few the test solution,
drops of the reagent are which is then heated
added to the test solution, gently.
 and then heated gently to *A reddish-brown
boiling. coloration or
precipitate indicates
the presence of
tyrosine residue
which occur in
nearly all proteins.
Tyrosine- amino acid
used by cells to
synthesize protein.

Reagent chemicals

When chemicals (and gases) arrive in the laboratory, the containers need to
be labelled. On the label there should be a record of the date it was received,
when it was first opened and, in some cases, the expiry date. A suggestion for a
model is given below:

Label for reagent chemical containers

When taking chemicals from a bottle there are three basic rules to obey:
1. Use a clean spoon or spatula (do not use one which happens to lie
around, unless it is cleaned).
2. Do not return chemical to the bottle.
3. Close the bottle tightly after use.

When any reagent solution is prepared the bottle in which it is stored should be
properly labelled. A suggestion for the model of such a label is given below:

Label for reagent solutions.

 Most labels use a visual labeling system such as that developed by the
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) in order to provide a swift
visual means of determining the potential hazards represented by a
reagent. In brief, the NFPA system is based on a diamond composed of four
color-coded squares each containing an integer ranging between 0 and 4
that represented the intensity of the hazard represented by the reagent in
four different categories:
health (blue) reactivity (yellow)
flammability (red) special hazards (white)

How to store Reagents?

 With a parafilmed cap:
 Reagents that might suffer negative effects from the laboratory
atmosphere.
 Covered with aluminum foil:
Reagents that are light-sensitive.
 In a plastic bag:
 Reagents that smell awful. You might even want to double-bag.
 On the shelf:
 Reagents that are thermally stable
 not volatile
 have low or no moisture or oxygen sensitivity
 In the desiccator:
 Reagents that are thermally stable
 not volatile
 have some moisture or oxygen sensitivity that could lead to decomposition
 In the glovebox:
 Reagents that are thermally stable
 not volatile
 degrade extensively when exposed to the laboratory atmosphere for an
extended period of time.
 In the refrigerator:
 Reagents that are heat-sensitive
 decompose over days or weeks at room temperature
 have a label that says "Refrigerate!" or "Store at > +4 ° C"
 are volatile
 are highly reactive
 In the freezer:
 Reagents that have a label that says "Freeze"
are very volatile and stay liquid in the freezer
III. Activity Proper
Activity 1: Reagent Labelling
Directions: In this part you will make a “REAGENT LABELLING” for chemical
containers. Use the template/ format shown earlier. You may use the names of
reagents given above.
Activity 2: It’s Familiar!
Directions: Identify the word/s described by the statements below.

1. Use to test for the presence of glucose in urine.

2. Amino acid use by cells for protein synthesis.
3. Use to detect the presence of soluble proteins.
4. Discovered the phenolphthalein
5. A compound or mixture added to a system to cause a chemical reaction

IV. Reflection
Complete the statement below.
I have learned that observing the proper ways of preparing reagents will help in
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

V. Answer Key

Activity 1

Activity 2
1. Benedict’s Reagent
2. Tyrosine
3. Millon’s Reagent
4. Adolf von Baeyer
5. Reagent

IV. Reflection
I have learned that observing the proper ways of preparing reagents will
help in maintaining its effectiveness and purpose.
IV. Links and/or Other References

http://www.fao.org/3/W7295E/w7295e07.htm#5.3%20reagents
http://www.webguru.neu.edu/lab/lab-safety/safely-using-chemical-reagents
http://chem.chem.rochester.edu/~nvd/pages/reagents.php?page=store_reagents
https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/millons-reagent
https://www.britannica.com/science/phenolphthalein
https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-reagent-and-examples-605598
http://chem.chem.rochester.edu/~nvd/pages/reagents.php?page=store_reagents
http://www.fao.org/3/W7295E/w7295e07.htm#5.3%20reagents
http://www.webguru.neu.edu/lab/lab-safety/safely-using-chemical-reagents
http://chem.chem.rochester.edu/~nvd/pages/reagents.php?page=store_reagents
https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/millons-reagent
https://www.britannica.com/science/phenolphthalein
https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-reagent-and-examples-605598