CHP 8 QUESTIONS

1. TRUE or FALSE?
I. Octet rule says that some of the atoms tend to gain or lose, or share electrons until they
are surrounded by eight electrons.
II. Lewis symbol suggests that the valence electrons in every atom are shown by dots.
III. As the size of the metal cation (M+) increases, the amount of energy released when
forming the crystalline lattice of MCl(s) becomes more negative.
IV. In a polar covalent bond, one of the atoms exerts a greater attraction for the bonding
electrons than the others.
V. The unit of dipole moment is Debye.

2. Calculate the lattice energy (in kJ) of MZ (charge of ions +1 and -1): Given that for M; ΔHosub
= 146 kJ; First ionization energy of M= 738 kJ and electron affinity of Z= -349 kJ and bond
dissociation energy of Z2 to form Z(g) = 244 kJ/mol and finally standard enthalpy of formation
ΔHf for MZ(s)= -19 kJ. Consider that the lattice energy is defined as the amount of energy
released when forming a crystalline lattice of alternating cations and anions from the gaseous ions.

3. Regarding the differences in electronegativity, which of the following chemical compounds is

an ionic compound?
ScN; H2Se; NO2; GeH4; HCN

4. Using the periodic table given at the front page, arrange the following set of atoms in the
expected order of increasing electronegativity, that is, from the lowest to the highest
electronegativity.
As, N, Sb, O

5. Electronegativities of the following elements are given:

Br = 2.8, Cl = 3.0, F= 4.8 , H = 2.1 , I = 2.5
Order the following binary molecules in increasing polarity, that is, from lowest polarity to
the highest.
C-Cl; I-Cl; Br-Cl; H-Cl, Cl-F
6. Which of the elements below has the largest electronegativity?

Si; Mg; P; S; Na

7. Which two bonds are most similar in polarity?

a) O—F and Cl—F

b) B—F and Cl—F
c) Al—Cl and I—Br
d) I—Br and Si—Cl
e) Cl—Cl and Be—Cl

8. The following three Lewis structures can be drawn for N2O:

TRUE or FALSE?
I. The formal charge of the central N on the second resonance form is -3.
II. The formal charge of the O on the first resonance form is -1.
III. Using formal charges, the third resonance form is likely to be the most important.

9. Which one of the following have a formal charge of +1 on the central atom?
a) ClF5
b) CBr2O
c) CCl3+
d) PF6-
e) IBr2-

10. Which of the species NO2-, GeF4, TeO2, TeF4, CO32- do (does) not obey the Octet Rule?
a) GeF4
b) TeO2, NO2-
c) TeF4
d) NO2-
e) GeF4, CO32-

11. For a polar covalent molecule the dipole moment is found to be 1.11 D. The distance separating
two particles of equal but opposite charges of magnitude q (q=1.6x10-19 C) is 127.5 pm. Calculate
the percent ionic character of the covalent bond in this molecule.
a) 23.38
b) 21.30
c) 15.75
d) 22.50
e) 18.16

12. Using the following data reactions:

ΔH° (kJ)
H2(g) + F2(g) → 2HF(g) –542
H2(g)→2H(g) 432
F2(g)→2F(g) 154

Calculate the energy of an H-F bond.

13. TRUE or FALSE?

I. Ionic bonding results from the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
II. Dipole moments result from the unequal distribution of electrons in a molecule.
III. The electrons in a polar bond are found nearer to the more electronegative element.
IV. A molecule with very polar bonds can be nonpolar.
V. Linear molecules can never have a net dipole moment.