Science Year 8

Chemistry
Earth: (structure of the earth, atmosphere, climate change, recycling, extracting
metals, rock cycle)

Mock Exam Paper: Science (Year 8)

Topic: Earth: Structure of the Earth, Atmosphere, Climate Change, Recycling,
Extracting Metals, Rock Cycle

Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (20 marks)

Instructions: Choose the correct answer for each question and mark your choice on
the answer sheet.

1. What is the outermost layer of the Earth called?

a) Core
b) Mantle
c) Crust
d) Lithosphere

2. Which layer of the Earth is composed mainly of solid iron and nickel?
a) Crust
b) Mantle
c) Outer core
d) Inner core

3. What is the Earth's atmosphere primarily composed of?

a) Oxygen and carbon dioxide
b) Nitrogen and oxygen
c) Carbon dioxide and methane
d) Hydrogen and helium

4. Which gas is the most abundant in the Earth's atmosphere?

a) Oxygen
b) Nitrogen
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Argon

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5. What is the main cause of climate change?
a) Natural variations in the Earth's orbit
b) Human activities releasing greenhouse gases
c) Solar activity
d) Volcanic eruptions

6. Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?

a) Oxygen
b) Nitrogen
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Argon

7. What is the process of converting waste materials into reusable materials called?
a) Incineration
b) Landfilling
c) Recycling
d) Composting

8. Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?

a) Solar energy
b) Wind energy
c) Fossil fuels
d) Geothermal energy

9. Which metal is commonly extracted from its ore using electrolysis?

a) Iron
b) Copper
c) Gold
d) Aluminum

10. What is the process of changing one type of rock into another over time called?
a) Erosion
b) Weathering
c) Sedimentation
d) Rock cycle

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11. Which type of rock is formed from the cooling and solidification of molten lava?
a) Sedimentary rock
b) Metamorphic rock
c) Igneous rock
d) Fossil rock

12. What is the layer of loose rock and soil on the Earth's surface called?
a) Crust
b) Mantle
c) Lithosphere
d) Biosphere

13. How does the ozone layer protect the Earth?

a) Absorbs harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation
b) Controls the Earth's temperature
c) Prevents erosion
d) Regulates the carbon cycle

14. What is the process by which plants convert sunlight into chemical energy called?
a) Photosynthesis
b) Respiration
c) Decomposition
d) Transpiration

15. Which gas is responsible for the greenhouse effect?

a) Oxygen
b) Nitrogen
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Methane

16. What is the term used to describe the recycling of materials to create new
products?
a) Upcycling
b) Downcycling
c) Repurposing
d) Reusing

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17. Which of the following is a renewable resource?
a) Natural gas
b) Coal
c) Biomass
d) Uranium

18. How does deforestation contribute to climate change?

a) Releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere
b) Increases the Earth's albedo
c) Enhances the ozone layer
d) Promotes carbon sequestration

19. Which process involves the extraction of metals from their ores using heat and
chemical reactions?
a) Electrolysis
b) Smelting
c) Combustion
d) Oxidation

20. What is the main component of the Earth's core?

a) Iron
b) Nickel
c) Gold
d) Silicon

Section B: Short Questions (8 marks)

Instructions: Answer the following questions briefly and concisely in the provided
space.
21. Define the term "recycling" and provide an example.

22. Explain the greenhouse effect and its role in climate change.

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23. Describe the process of weathering and its role in the formation of sedimentary
rocks.

24. Explain how renewable energy sources differ from non-renewable energy sources
and provide an example of each.

25. Discuss the importance of the Earth's ozone layer and the consequences of its
depletion.

26. Define the term "extraction of metals" and describe one method used to extract
metals from their ores.

27. Describe the rock cycle and the processes involved in the transformation of rocks.

28. Discuss the environmental benefits of recycling and its role in sustainable
resource management.

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Solutions:

Section A: Multiple Choice Questions

1. c) Crust
2. c) Outer core
3. b) Nitrogen and oxygen
4. b) Nitrogen
5. b) Human activities releasing greenhouse gases
6. c) Carbon dioxide
7. c) Recycling
8. c) Fossil fuels
9. d) Aluminum
10. d) Rock cycle
11. c) Igneous rock
12. c) Lithosphere
13. a) Absorbs harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation
14. a) Photosynthesis
15. c) Carbon dioxide
16. a) Upcycling
17. c) Biomass
18. a) Releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere
19. b) Smelting
20. a) Iron

Section B: Short Questions

21. Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into reusable materials.
Example: Recycling plastic bottles to make new plastic products.
22. The greenhouse effect is the trapping of heat by certain gases in the Earth's
atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide and methane. This phenomenon leads to an
increase in global temperatures, known as climate change.
23. Weathering is the process of breaking down rocks into smaller pieces through
physical or chemical means. This process contributes to the formation of
sedimentary rocks when the weathered material gets transported and deposited in
layers.
24. Renewable energy sources are those that can be replenished naturally over time,
such as solar energy and wind energy. Non-renewable energy sources, like fossil
fuels, exist in limited quantities and cannot be easily replenished.
25. The Earth's ozone layer plays a crucial role in absorbing harmful ultraviolet (UV)
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radiation from the Sun. Its depletion can lead to increased UV radiation reaching the
Earth's surface, which can have harmful effects on human health and ecosystems.
26. The extraction of metals refers to the process of obtaining metals from their ores.
One method used is smelting, which involves heating

the ore to high temperatures to separate the metal from impurities.

27. The rock cycle is a continuous process in which rocks are formed, broken down,
and transformed into different types of rocks over time. The processes involved
include weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation.
28. Recycling has several environmental benefits, including reducing the need for raw
materials extraction, conserving energy, reducing pollution, and decreasing landfill
waste. It plays a crucial role in sustainable resource management by promoting the
reuse of materials and reducing the strain on natural resources.

Translation (Traditional Chinese):

模擬考試卷：科學（八年級）
主題：地球：地球結構，大氣層，氣候變化，回收利用，提取金屬，岩石循環

A 部分：多選題（20 分）

說明：選擇每個問題的正確答案，並在答題卡上標記你的選擇。

1. 地球的最外層稱為什麼？
a) 核心
b) 地幔
c) 地殼
d) 岩石圈

2. 地球的哪一層主要由固體的鐵和鎳組成？
a) 地殼
b) 地幔
c) 外核
d) 內核

3. 地球的大氣主要由什麼組成？
a) 氧氣和二氧化碳
b) 氮氣和氧氣
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 c) 二氧化碳和甲烷
d) 氫氣和氦氣

4. 地球的大氣中最豐富的氣體是哪個？
a) 氧氣
b) 氮氣
c) 二氧化碳
d) 氬氣

5. 氣候變化的主要原因是什麼？
a) 地球軌道的自然變化
b) 人類活動釋放的溫室氣體
c) 太陽活動
d) 火山爆發

6. 以下哪種氣體是溫室氣體？
a) 氧氣
b) 氮氣
c) 二氧化碳
d) 氬氣

7. 將廢棄物轉換為可再利用的材料的過程稱為什麼？
a) 焚燒
b) 填埋
c) 回收
d) 堆肥

8. 以下哪一種是不可再生資源？
a) 太陽能
b) 風能
c) 化

石燃料
d) 地熱能

9. 鋁常常從它的礦石中使用電解法提取，請問這個方法是什麼？
a) 鐵
b) 銅
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 c) 金
d) 鋁

10. 將一種岩石在時間的推移下轉變為另一種岩石的過程稱為什麼？
a) 侵蝕
b) 風化
c) 沉積
d) 岩石循環

11. 下列哪種岩石是由熔化的岩漿冷卻凝固形成的？
a) 沉積岩
b) 變質岩
c) 火成岩
d) 化石岩

12. 覆蓋在地球表面的鬆散岩石和土壤層稱為什麼？
a) 地殼
b) 地幔
c) 岩石圈
d) 生物圈

13. 臭氧層是如何保護地球的？
a) 吸收有害的紫外線
b) 控制地球的溫度
c) 防止侵蝕
d) 調節碳循環

14. 植物如何將陽光轉化為化學能量？
a) 光合作用
b) 呼吸作用
c) 分解作用
d) 蒸散作用

15. 哪種氣體負責溫室效應？
a) 氧氣
b) 氮氣
c) 二氧化碳
d) 甲烷
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16. 將材料循環再利用以創造新產品的過程稱為什麼？
a) 升級循環
b) 降級循環
c) 重新利用
d) 重用

17. 以下哪種是可再生資源？
a) 天然氣
b) 煤炭
c) 生物質
d) 鈾

18. 毀林如何導致氣候變化？
a) 釋放溫室氣體到大氣中
b) 增加地球的反照率
c) 增強臭氧層
d) 促進碳封存

19. 哪一個過程涉及使用高溫和化學

反應從礦石中提取金屬？
a) 電解
b) 冶煉
c) 燃燒
d) 氧化

20. 地球核心的主要成分是什麼？
a) 鐵
b) 鎳
c) 金
d) 矽

B 部分：簡答題（8 分）

說明：在提供的空間中簡要回答以下問題。

21. 定義“回收”的詞語並提供一個例子。
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22. 解釋溫室效應及其在氣候變化中的作用。

23. 描述風化的過程及其在沉積岩形成中的作用。

24. 解釋可再生能源和不可再生能源的區別，並提供一個例子。

25. 討論地球的臭氧層的重要性以及其消失的後果。

26. 定義“提取金屬”的詞語，並描述一種從礦石中提取金屬的方法。

27. 描述岩石循環以及岩石轉化中涉及的過程。

28. 討論回收的環境效益以及其在可持續資源管理中的作用。

解答：

A 部分：多選題
1. c) 地殼
2. c) 外核
3. b) 氮氣和氧氣
4. b) 氮氣
5. b) 人類活動釋放的溫室氣體
6. c) 二氧化碳
7. c) 回收
8. c) 石燃料
9. d) 鋁
10. d) 岩石循環
11. c) 火成岩
12. c) 岩石圈
13. a) 吸收有害的紫外線
14. a) 光合作用
15. c) 二氧化碳
16. a) 升級循環
17. c) 生物質
18. a) 釋放溫室氣體到大氣中
19. b) 冶煉
20. a) 鐵
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B 部分：簡答題
21. 回收是將廢棄物材料轉化為可再利用材料的過程。例子：回收塑料瓶以製造
新的塑料產品。

22. 溫室效應是指地球大氣中的某些氣體（如二氧化碳和甲烷）將熱量捕捉在

地球表面，導致全球氣溫上升的現象。它對氣候變化起著重要作用。

23. 風化是指岩石通過物理或化學手段分解成較小的碎片的過程。這個過程有助
於形成沉積岩，當風化物質被運輸和沉積成層時。

24. 可再生能源是指可以在自然界中再生的能源，例如太陽能和風能。不可再生
能源，如化石燃料，存在有限量，不易再生。

25. 地球的臭氧層在吸收來自太陽的有害紫外線方面起著關鍵作用。其消失可能
導致增加紫外線達到地球表面，對人類健康和生態系統產生有害影響。

26. 提取金屬是指從礦石中獲得金屬的過程。一種常用的方法是冶煉，它涉及將
礦石加熱到高溫，以分離金屬與雜質。

27. 岩石循環是一個連續的過程，岩石在時間的推移中形成、破裂和轉變成不同
類型的岩石。涉及的過程包括風化、侵蝕、沉積、壓實和水泥化。

28. 回收具有多種環境效益，包括減少對原材料的需求、節約能源、減少污染和
減少填埋廢物。它在可持續資源管理中發揮著重要作用，促進材料的再利用，
減少對自然資源的壓力。

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