TiSng Anh khong dan gian chi h\ mon hQc tren ghS nha tnr(mg ma TiSng Anh con

la plmang ti~n, ngon ngil', tri thuc, tuang lai. Trong xu th~ toan cfru hoa ngay nay, vai
tro quan trQng Clla TiSng Anh la khong th~ phu nh~n vl n6 dUQ'C dimg ph& bi~n anhi~u
d~t mrac tren th~ giai.
D6i vai hQc sinh chufin bj bu6·c vao ki thi f)~i hQc, Ti~ng Anh con dn thi~t han
nil'a vi:
• Cac tnrcmg D~i hQc TOP c6 r~t nhi~u kh6i xet tuy~n TiSng Anh.
• TiSng Anh la mon thi b~t bu{)c trong ki thi THPT Qu6c gia.
• Tuang lai r<)ng ma, mang d~n nhi~u ca h<)i mai.
Vi v~y, cac 'b~n hQc sinh khong duqc phep chu quan vai mon TiSng Anh ma phai
b~t tay vao vi~c hQC t~p va xay d1,1ng 11~11 tang ki~n thuc vfrng ch~c, d~c bi~t hl ki~n
th1rc trQng Him cua l&p 12.
DS giup cac em c6 thS trang bi dfry dtl kiSn thuc va tl,r tin buac vao ki thi THPT
vai mon TiSng Anh, We Up Book cling cac thfry coda cho xufit ban cu6n sach "S6 tay
Pha dao TiSng Anh lap 12". Cu6n s& tay nhu m{)t cu6n bi kip cung c~p dfry du cac
chuyen dS Ngil' phap va Tlr V\fng trQng tam lap 12 (len dSn 20 Topic) se gitlp cac em
on luy~n tlf m~t g6c va 1110 r<)ng v6n ttr V\}11g. Cling vai d6, cu6n sach cling t&ng hqp
cac chtl di~m vS thanh ngil' thong d\mg, c~p tu d6ng nghia, tnii nghia, ki nang em dn
biSt vS d~ng bai phat am, trQng am va ki nang dQc hi~u. Th~t la dfty du va ti~n lqi trong
m<)t cu6n s6 tay dung khong nao!
Trong qua trinh bien so~n, se khong tranh kh6i nhil'ng sai sot, vi v~y, We Up rfit
mong nh?n duqc nhfrng y ki~n dong gop ill quy d{)c gia d~ cu6n sach ngay cang hoan
thi~n han.
Vai tam huySt cua d{)i ngu We Up cimg tinh uu vi~t cua cu6n sach mang l~i, chung
toi hy VQng Se la nguai b~n d6ng hanh dang tin c?y trong qua trinh hQC t?p cung cac
em.
Chile cac em hQC t~p t6t!

ST50
 PHAN A. NG{J' PHAP TRQNG DIEM

CHUYEN DE 1. CAC THi TRONG TIENG ANH

(TENSES)

I. THi HI~N T~l DON (The present simple tense)

1. cAu true

I/ You/ We/ They+ V I go to school every day.

She/ He/ It+ Vs, es (Toi ai iu)c mdi ngay.)

Do+ II You/ We/ They+ V? Do they play badminton?

Does + She/ He/ It + V? (H9 c6 chai ccJul6ng kh6ng?)
2. each dung
• Di~n ta hanh d(>ng tlmang xuyen xay ra a hi~n t~i ho~c m(>t th6i quen.
Vi d1,1: I do exercise every morning. (T6i tijp thi d~tc mdi bu6i simg.)
• Di~n ta m(>t chan ly ho~c sv th~t hi~n nhien.
Vi dv: The sun rises in the east. (M(tt tn}i m9c a ttling ct6ng.)
• Di@n ta S\f vi~c se xay ra theo ljch trinh, thai gian bi~u ro rang nlm gia tau, may
bay ch~y.
Vi d1,1: The flight starts at 9 am tomorrow. (Chuyin bay se bat adu vao hie 9h simg
mai.)
• Dung sau cac m~nh d~ tr~ng ngu chi thai gian v&i "when, as soon as ... " va diu
di€u ki~n lo~i I.
Vi d1,1: I will call you as soon as I arrive. (T6i se g9i cho b(ln ngay khi t6i ain.)
3. DAu hi~u nh~n bi~t
• Tr~ng tir chi t~n suAt xac dinh: alway$ (lu6n lu6n), constantly (lu6n lu6n),
usually (tlmang xuyen), frequently (thuang), often (thucmg tlmang),
occasionally (thinh thoang), sometimes (thinh thoang), seldom (hi~m khi),
rarely (it khi), never (kh6ng bao gia).

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 ~ Tr~ng tir chi tAn suAt khong xac djnh nlm: every (mdi ngay), every week
(mdi tuAn), every month (mdi thang), once a week (m9t IAn m9t tuAn), twice
a month (hai IAn m9t thang), three times a year (ba IAn m9t nam), ...
•!• Quy tlic them -s, -es clto il{Jng tit:
- V6i nhfrng d9ng tir kJt thuc h\ "o", "ch", "sh", "s" ~them duoi "es"
(Vi dv: do -does; go- goes; watch- watches; wash- washes, fix - fixes, ... )
- V o·i tir kJt thtlC h\ "y" thi khi chia theo ngoi s6 it, bo "y" va them duoi "ies"
(Vi dp: copy- copies; wony- worries, study sh1dies, ... )
-vo·i cac d()ng tir con l~i, them duoi "s"
(Vi dv: want- wants, see- sees, like -likes, travel- travels, ... )
II. THi Hll~N TIEP DIEN (The present continuous tense)
1. C~u true
Lo~i diu c§u true Vidl}.
Kh~ng He is studying English. (Anh dy dcmg
S + is/ am/ are + V-ing
dinh h9c tidng An h.)
S + is/ am/ are + not + She isn't listening to music. (C6 dy
Pht't dinh
V-ing dang kh6ng nghe nhqc.)
Are they watching TV? (H9 dang
Nghi vAn Is/ Am/ Are + S + V-ing?
xem TV phid kh6ng?)
•!• LLru v: Quy tac them -ing:
- V6i nhfrng d()ng tir t~n cimg Ia m9t chfr "e" thi ta bo "e" r6i them -in g.
(Vi d\t: come- coming, change- changing, improve- improving, ... )
- V 6i nhfrng d9ng tir t~n cung h\ hai chfr "e" thi them -ing luon.
(Vf dv: see- seeing, knee- kneeing, ... )
-v o·i nhu11g a9ng tu co m9t am tiJt, k€t thuc b~ng 1 nguyen am+ 1 ph\1 am gAp aoi
phv am cu6i r6i \them -in g.
(Vi d\1: stop- stopping, run- running, ... )
- V6i nhfrng d()ng tir t~n cimg la "ie" thay "ie" b~ng "y" r6i them -in g.
(Vf dv: die- dying, tie- tying, ... )
2. each dung
~ Dung d~ diSn ta nhi'i'ng lu\nh d()ng dang xay ra t~i thai di€m n6i.
Vi d\t: We are playing badminton now. (Bay gio· cln!ng t6i dang cho·i cdu long.)
~ DiSn di,lt m9t hanh d()ng s~p xay ra trong tuong lai g.in, tlmang la m()t k€ ho~ch
da len }ich s~n.
Vi d\1: We are having a party next weekend. (Cluing t6i se t6 clu{·c m{jt bfm tif,c viw
cu6i tw1n to'i.)

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 • Di~n ta hfmh d<)ng thuang xuyen l~p di l~p l~i gay S\f b\rc minh hay kh6 chiu
cho nguai n6i. each dung m\y d~ phan nan va duqc dimg v6i tr~mg tir din su§t
"always, continually".
Vi dv: You are always going to school late. (Bqn luon Ji h9c mu9n.)
3. D~u hi~u nh~n bi~t
- Trong cau c6 cac tr~ng tir chi thai gian: right now (ngay bay gio), at the moment
(hie nay), at present (hi¢n tqi).
- Trong cau c6 cac d<)ng tir nhu: Look! (Nhin kia!), Listen! (Hciy nghe nay!), Keep
silent! (Hiiy im lijng!)
Vi d\1: Keep silent! The baby is sleeping. {Hfiy im lijng! Em be dang ngtl.)
LU'u y: Khong dimg thi hi~n t~i ti~p di~n v6i cac d<)ng tir sau:
• D<)ng tir chi tn;mg thai, cam xuc va tinh th:in: believe (tin), doubt (nghi nga),
feel (cam th~y), hate (ghet), imagine (tu6ng tuqng), know (bi~t), (dis)like
(thich/khong thich), love (yeu), prefer (thich), realise (nh?n ra), recognise
(cong nh?n), remember (nh6), suppose (cho Ia), think (nghi), understand
(hi~u), want (mu6n), wish (u6c), appear (duang nhu), seem (cove), ...
• D<)ng tir chi tri giac: be (thi, la, 6), feel (cam th~y), see (th~y), sound (cove),
hear (nghe), smell (ngui), taste (n~m).
(Vi dv: I am liking \Vatebing TV. ~I like watching TV.)
III. THi Hl~N T~I HOAN THANH (The present perfect tense)
1. Cftu true
Lo~i diu Cau true Vidl,l
Khang She has learned Korean for 3 years.
S +have/ has+ P.P
dinh (Co dy eta h9C tidng Him c1U'9'C 3 nam.)
I haven't visited my uncle since June.
S + have/ has + not +
Phu dinh (Toi Jci khong ctdn thlim clul toi kd tti·
P.P
thimg Sim.)
Have you watched this film?
Nghi vlin Have/ Has+ S + P.P?
(Be,tn eta xem b9 phim nc'zy chzra?)
2. each dung
• Di~n ta hanh d<)ng xay ra trong qua khu, keo dai t6i hi~n t?i va c6 th~ keo dai
d~n tuong lai.
Vi d1,1: I have learned English for 9 years. (Toi Jfi h9c tidng Anh Ju(J'c 9 nam.)
• Di~n ta himh d<)ng l~p di l~p l~i nhi€u lfin trong qua khu.
Vi d\1: She has watched the film three times. (Co ctci xem b9 phim nay ba lfm.)
• Di€n ta hanh d<)ng vira m6i xay ra, tlmang dimg v6i just.

WEUP114
Vi dv: My father has just watered the garden. (BJ toi vii·a tu·6·i vuim.)
e Di~n ta h~mh d<)ng xay ra trong qua khtr nlmng a€ l;.1i d~u hi~u ho~c h~u qua 6
hi~n t;.1i.
Vi dv: The children are ditty. Where have they done? (B9n tre rcit bcin. Cluing eta lam
gi vqy?)
• Di~n ta kinh nghi~m ho~c trai nghi~m.
Vi d~l: This is the most delicious cake I have ever eaten. (EJCiy Ia chide bimh ngon nhdt
ma toi ti'tng dU'()'C an.)
3. Dftu hi~u nb~n bi~t
• since (til)+ m6c tho·i gian/ m~nh d~ qua khu. (Vi dv: since 1998, since I lived
here)
4!) for (trong khoimg) + khoang tho·i gian (for 2months, for ages)
4!) already (dii ... rdi)
not ... yet (chua)
~ recently/lately (gdn ddJ)
• just (vita m6·i)
4!) so far = until = now = up to now (clzo ddn bdy gi6)
• ever (&'i ti'mg)
• never (clnra lL'mg)
IV. HOAN TIEP DH~N (The present perfect continuous
tense)
1. Cftu true
Lo~i diu Cftu true Vidl}
My dad has been working here for
Khdng djnh S + have/ has + been + V-ing 10 years. (BJ t6i dii lam vi¢c a ddy
du·9·c 10 nam.)
I have not been studying the
S + have/ bas + not + been +
Phu djnh lesson since 3 pm. (T6i dii kh6ng
V-ing
h9c bc'ti tt'r 3 gia· chidu.)
Has he been playing football for
Have/ Has + S + been +
Ngbi vAn an hour? (Anh dy dii clwi bong da
V-ing?
du9·c m9t gia· chu·a ?)
2. each dung
• Di&n d;.1t m<)t h~mh d<)ng diSn ra trong qua kh1r d6ng thai keo dai dSn hi~n t?i.
Vi d\1: \Ve have been doing exercises for 2 hours.
(Cluing t6i da kim bai t(lp trong 2 gio')

WEUPII5
 • Di~n ta himh d<)ng da xay ra, vlia m&i k~t thuc tuy nhien k~t qua ct'ta himh d<)ng
vftn con th:iy & hi~n t?i.
Vi d\1: My brother is very tired now because he has been playing sports for 3 hours.
(Anh trai em hi?n rcit m?t vi &'i chO'i th~ thao au(Yc 3 tdng r6i.)
3. DAu hi~u nh~n bi~t
o Since + m6c tho'i gian (khong ro rang)
• For + thai gian chinh xac
• All + khoang thai gian
•!• Tip: Phan bi?t thi hi¢n tgi hoim thimh vit thi hi?n tqi hoim thimh titp diin:
Thi hi~n t~i hoim thimh Thi hi~n t~i hoim thimh ti~p di~n
- Nhan m?nh vao ket qua, tuc n6 di~n - Nhan nwnh vao qua trinh, tire n6 di~n ta
ta ai da lam gi duqc bao nhieu, duqc ai d6 da lam gi duqc bao lau tinh d~n thai
m:iy llin tinh d~n thai di~m hi~n t?i. diSm hi~n t?i.
Vi d\1: I have seen that film three times. Vi d\1: They have been talking about the
(Toi tlci xem br) phim t/6 ba lcln.) film for nearly 2 hours. (H9 eta n6i vd br)
phim trong gdn 2 gia a6ng h6.)

V. THI QUA KHU DON (The simple past tense)

1. cAu true
Lo~i diu cfiu true Vidt,I
I went shopping yesterday. (T6i tlci tli
Kh~ng djnh S + Vcdl V2
nnta slim ngay hom qua.)
She didn't do her homework. (Co ciy tlci
Phil djnh S + did not/ didn't + V
khong lam bid t(lp vd nhit cLia minh.)
Did you visit your parents last week?
Nghi vAn Did+ s + v ... ? (Tudn tru6·c bqn c6 ve tham b6 lnf!
khong?)
~

=> Khi doi sang phil dinh va nghi van, nh& dua d<)ng ill chinh ve nguyen mau.
•!• Luu y khi them duoi -ed vao d<)ng ill:
• Nhung d<)ng nr t~n cimg la -e -7 them -d vao sau d<)ng tir.
(Vi d\1: live -lived, improve- improved, share- shared, ... )
• Nhung d<)ng tir m<)t am ti~t, kSt thttc b~ng "nguyen am + plw am''
-7 g:ip doi plw am cu6i r6i them -ed.
(Vi d\t: fit- fitted, stop- stopped, plan- planned, ... )
• D<)ng tir hai am tiSt k~t th(tc b~ng "nguyen am+ ph\1 am", trQng am & am ti~t
cu6i -7 g:ip doi ph\1 am cu6i va them -ed vao sau d<)ng ttr.

\VE UP 116
(Vi dv: prefer preferred, permit- pennitted, ... )
D<)ng ill t{in c-Lmg b~ng chfr , ma trm)c do la m<)t plw am
~ d6i dai thanh "i" va them =ed.
(Vf dv: study- studied, wony- wmried, maiTy- maiTied, ... )
2. each dung
• DiSn t<i hanh d<)ng da xay ra va da ch~m dut trong qua kh1r.
Vi d\t: We visited Japan last summer. (Chting toi aa din tham NluJt Bim vito mila he
niil1z ngoai.)
«! Dien d;;tt cac hanh d<)ng xay ra lien tiSp trong qua khu.
Vi dv; He turned on his computer, read the emails and answered them. (Anh b{jt may
tfnh, d9c email Va tra f(J'l. c/n[ng.)
3. Dftu hi~u nh~n bi~t
Trong diu co cac tr;;tng tir chi thai gian trong qua kh(r:
yesterday (hom qua)
last night/ last month/ last year/ ... (t6i qual thang tru6·c/ nam ngoail... )
• ago: each day (five hours ago: each day 5 giol two months ago: each day 2
thang)
• in + thai gian trong qua khu (in 1998, in 2018 ... )
• When + m~nh dS qua khu dan (khi)
VI. QUA TIEP DfEN (The past continuous tense)
1. e§u true
Lo~i diu e§u true Vi dl}
She was sleeping all morning. (Co ay ail
Kh~ngdinh S + was/ were + V-ing
ngtl ca bu6i sang.)
S + was/ were + not + He wasn't watching TV when l came.
Phu dinh
V-ing (Anh 4v khong xem TV khi toi adn.)
Was he watching TV when you came?
vVas/ Were+ S +
Nghi vfin (Anh dy c6 dang xem TV khi bqn adn
V-ing?
khong?)
2. each dung
Dien d?t hanh d<)ng dang xay ra t?i m<)t thai diSm cv thS trong qua kh1r.
Vi dv: My dad was reading the newspaper at 7 am yesterday. (BJ toi dang d9c baa hie
7 gio· sang hom qua.)
• Dien d;;tt hanh d<)ng dang xay ra thi co hanh d<)ng khac xen viw (Himh d<)ng
dang xay ra se chia a thi qua khu tiSp dien, hanh d9ng xen vao chia o· thi qua
kh1r dan).

WE UP 117
Vi dv: When I came, she was playing badminton. (Khi toi ain, co dy dang clwi cdu
long.)
• Di~n d(.tt hai himh d9ng xay ra song song trong qua khu, thuemg dung v&i m~nh
d~ while.
Vi d\1: While I was listening to music, my brother was watching TV. (Trang khi toi
dang nghe nhgc, anh trai toi dang xem TV.)
3. DAu hi~u nh~n bi~t
• at+ gia chinh xac +thai gian trong qua khu (at 8 pm yesterday).
• at this time+ thai gian trong qua kh(r (at this time last week).
• When+ m~nh d~ qua khu don, m~nh d~ qua khu ti~p di~n ==While+ m~nh d~
qua khu ti~p di~n, m~nh d~ qua kh-Lr don.
• While + m~nh d6 qua kh-Lr ti~p diSn, m~nh d6 qua khu ti~p diSn.

VII. THI QUA KH(J' HOAN THANH {The past perfect tense)
1. cAu true
Lo~i diu cAu true VidtJ
By the end of last week, they had
Kh~ng djnh S+had+P.P finished the project. (Cu6i tudn tru6'c,
h9 dfi hoim thimh d~r im.)
S +had not/ hadn't+ She hadn't come home when I got there.
Phit dinh
P.P (Cody vein chua v~ nha khi toi vl)
Had the film ended when you arrived at
Nghi v~n Had+ S + P.P? the cinema? (B{) phim ctfi kit tlnlc khi
bgn t6'i rgp chidu phim ph iii khong?)
2. each dung
0 Di~n ta himh d9ng da xay ra va da hoan thanh tnr&c m9t thai di~m dtrQ'C n6i d~n
trong qua khu, ho~c tnr&c m9t hanh d9ng khac cling da k~t th1tc trong qua kh-Lr.
(Himh d9ng da xay ra va hoan thanh tru&c dung thi qua khtr hoim thanh, hanh
d9ng con l(,ti dung thi qua khu dan.)
Vi d\1: We had had lunch when she arrived. (Khi cody din clning toi eta {m trua xong.)
3. DAu hi~u nh~n bi~t
• before (tru&c khi) + m~nh dS qua khu dan, m~nh dS qua khu hoan thanh.
• by the time (viw hlc) + m~nh d~ qua khu dan, m~nh d~ qua khu hoan thanh.
• after (sau k/1i) + m~nh d€ qua kh-Lr hmln thanh, m~nh d~ qua kh(r dan.
• by+ tr(.tng tu ct\a qua kh-Lr.

WEUP118
VIII. continuous

true
Lo~i diu C~u true Vidl}
My father had been working for two
Kh~ng djnh S +had+ been+ V-ing hours when I telephoned. (B6 t6i aa
lam vi?c su6t 2 thing khi toi gri tli~n.)
They hadn't been talking to each
S +had not/ hadn't+ been other when we met them. (Hr eta
Phii djnh
+ V-ing kh6ng noi chuy~n vo·i nhau khi clning
toi g(tp hr.J
Had they been playing volleyball
Nghi v~n Had+ S +been +V-ing? when you came? (H9 tta clwi bong
chuyJn khi b(ln ttin a?)
2. each dung
• Di~n ta hanh d<)ng xay ra tnr6c m<)t hanh d<)ng khac ho~c m6c thai gian c6 dinh
trong qua khu va vfi:n dang ti€p diSn trong thai ah~m qua khu do.
Vi d\l: We had been doing grammar exercises for over an hour. (Cining t6i aa
lam bid
t(tp ngzl' phap trong hm1 nu}t gio')
• DiSn ta hanh d<)ng da xay ra, keo dai lien tl)c dSn khi hanh d<)ng thu hai xay ra.
(hanh d9ng thtr hai dung thi qua khu dan.)
Vi dv; The man had been playing cards for 3 hours when I came. (Nguo·i aim ong &7
clwi hili dm;Yc 3 gia khi toi ctdn.)
3. D~u hi~u nh~n bi~t
• Until then (Cho ttdn hie tl6)
• the time (Ddn ltlc)
• Prior to that time (Tho·i aidm truo·c do)
• Before/ After (Tnro·c khi/ Sau khi)
IX. TUONG LAI DON (The future simple tense)
1. cfiu true
Lo~i diu Cftu true Vi dl,l
Linh will go shopping tomoiTow.
Kh~ng djnh S+will+V
(Ngay mai Linh se tli mua slim.)
Linh won't go shopping tomorrow.
Phii dinh S +will not/ won't+ V

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 (Ngay mai Linh se kh6ng ai nnw
sAm.)
Will Linh go shopping tomorrow?
Nghi vAn wm + s + v ... ? (Ngay mai Linh c6 ai mua sam
kh6ng?)
.,
* Luu y: V 6i chu ngfr Ia I, We ta co the dung "will" ho~c "shall".
-will not= won't -shall not= shan't
2. each dung
• Di~n ta m9t h~mh d9ng hay m9t S\f vi~c se xay ra trong tuang lai.
Vi dv: She'll be ten on Sunday. (Co tfy se trim 10 tu6i vao Chzl n/ujt t6·i.)
• Di~n ta m9t quy€t djnh, m9t ydinh nh~t thai xay ra ngay t~i thai di~m n6i.
Vi d\1: What would you like to drink? - I'll have some orange juice.
(Anh mudn udng gi?- T6i se udng nu6·c cam.)
• Di~n d~t d\r doan kh6ng c6 d'm cu.
Vi d\t: People will live on Mars in 100 years. (Con ngu·iYi se sdng 6' sao H6a trong 100
narn nti·a.)
3. Dftu hi~u nh~n bi~t
- Trang diu c6 cac tr:;mg tir chi thai gian trong tuang lai nhu: .
• In+ thai gian: trong ... nua (in 2 minutes: trong 2 phttt nua)
• Tomorrow: ngay mai
• Next day: ngay hom t6i
• Next week/ next month/ next year: tufin tail thang t6i/ nam t6·i
• The day after tomorrow: ngay kia
• Soon: ch5ng bao lau nfra
• Someday: m9t ngay nao d6
- Trang cau c6 nhfing d9ng tir chi quan di~m nlm:
• think/ believe/ suppose: nghi/ tin/ cho la
• perhaps: c6 le
• probably: c6 le
X. THi TU'ONG LAI GAN (The near future tense)
t. cAu true
Lo~i diu cAu true Vi dt]
S + is/ am/ are + going to + We are going to visit Ha Long Bay
Kh5ng dinh
v next weekend. (Cluing t6i se ai

WE UP 1110
 thiim Vinh fl(l Long viw cudi tutln
I t6'i.)
S +isn't/ am not/ aren't+ She isn't going to sell her house.
Phtl djnh
going to+ V (Co ciy se khong ban nha ctia min h.)
1 Are they going to fly to Korea this
' Is/ Am/ Are + S + going to
Nghi vAn weekend? (H9 se bay cMn Han
+V?
Qudc vao cudi tutlnnay?)
2. each dung
• Dung d~ di~n ta m<)t d~r dinh, k~ ho~ch v~ m<)t vi~c se thvc hi~n trong tuang
lai.
Vi dv: She is going to visit her grandparents tomorrow. (Cody se vi thiim ong ba vao
ngcty mai.)
• Dung d~ di~n d9t m()t dv dmin co din cu, co d~n chung C\t thS.
Vi dv: Look at those black clouds. It is going to rain. (Nhin vao cdc tlam may tlenlda.
TrrJi sdp mua.)
3. Dfiu hi~u nh~n bi~t
Dfiu hi~u nh{ln bi~t thi tLmng lai gcin bao g6m cac tr9ng tir chi thai gian trong tuo·ng
lai gi6ng nlm dfru hi~u nh~n bi~t thi tuang lai dan, nhung dn co them nhfrng dm cu
hay nhfrng d~n chung cv th~.
• In+ thai gian: trong ... nfra (in 2 minutes: trong 2 phtlt nfra)
• Tomorrow: ngay mai
Next day: ngay hom t&i
• Next week! next month/ next year: tucin t&i/ thang t&i/ nam t&i
• The day after tomorrow: ngay kia
•!• Tip: Phan bi¢t thi tuO'ng lai cton va thi tuong lai gtln
Thi tll'ong lai do·n Thi tll'ong lai gfin
- DiSn ta nhu·ng quy~t djnh v~ m<)t hanh - Di~n hi nhfrng dv dinh va k~ h09Ch
d<)ng trong tuang lai ngay t9i thai diSm trong tLWng lai ma da dUQ'C quy~t djnh
noi. ho~c l~p ra tutru&c khi noi.
Vi dv: OK. I will go with you tomon·ow. Vi dv: I have bought a ticket. I am going
(Vang. Toi se tli v6·i b(m vao ngay mai.) to see the movie.
(Toi eta mua m9t ve. T6i se cti xem phim.)
- DiSn ta m()t dv doan mang tinh chu - DiSn ta m()t dv doan co can ctr xac
quan khong co din cu. dinh, co d~n chung cv thS.
Vi d\1: I think it will rain soon. (T6i nghf Vi dv: Look at those black clouds. It is

WEUPIIll
 rang trai se rnua s&m tlu5i.) going to rain. (Nhin vao cac t!clm may
t!en kia. Trai slip nura.) ,
XI. THI TU'ONG LAI TIEP DIEN (The continuous future tense)
1. cAu true
Lo~i diu cAu true Vi d\f
Lan will be having lunch at 11 am
Kh~ng djnh S + will/ shall + be + V-ing tomorrow. (Lan se an trua hie 11
gia ngay mai.)
Linda won't be playing tennis at
S + will/ shall + not + be + this time tomonow. (Linda se t!ang
Phil djnh
V-ing khong chai tennis vao gia nay ngay
mai.)
Will they be playing sports at this
Will/ Shall + S + be + time next week? (H9 se chai thd
Nghi v~n
V-ing? thao vao th(}i t!idm nay vao tudn t&i
chit?)
2. each dung
• Dien hi m<)t hanh d<)ng, sv vi~c se dang dien ra 6 m<)t thai di~m C\1 th~ trong
tuong lai.
Vi d\1: At 9 am tomorrow, he will be working with his pa1iners. (9 gia simg mai, anh
Ay se lam vi?c vai cac t!di tac Clta minh.)
• Dien ta m<)t hfmh d<)ng, S\r vi~c dang xay ra trong tucmg lai thi c6 m<)t himh
d<)ng, st,r vi~c khac xen vao.
Vi d\1: When we visit our teacher next Sunday, she will be teaching Maths. (Khi cluing
toi ttin thiim co giao Clta minh vao Chzl nlujt t&i, co dy se t!ang dc;y Toan.)
3. Dfiu hi~u nh~n bi~t
• Gia + tr~mg ill chi tuong lai (at 7 pm next week)
• At this/ that time + tr~ng tu chi tuong lai (at this time tomorrow)
XII. THi TU'ONG LAI HOAN THANH (The future perfect tense)
1. cfiu true
Lo~i diu cAu true Vid1}
We will have finished the project
Kh~ng
S + will/ shall + have + P.P by October. (Cining toi se hoan
dinh
thimh d~r cln vao thang 10.)

\VE UP II 12
 She won't have taken any courses
S + will/ shall + not + have + by the end of next week. (Co ciy se
Phu dinh
khong tham gia bdt ky khoa h9c niw
vao cu6i tudn to'i.)
Will you have graduated by the end
Nghi vfrn \Viii/ Shall + S + have + P .P? of 2022? (EJdn cu6i nam 2022 thi
b(tn se da t6t nglzifp (tzing khong?)
2. each dung
~ DiSn ta m¢t himh d()ng, s~r vi~c se duqc hoim thimh truck m()t thai di~m cv th~
trong tu011g lai.
Vi dv: She will have taken a cooking course by the end of next week. (Co tiy se tham
gia nu}t khoa hrc ntiu an viw cu6i ttdn sau.)
® Di~n ta m()t hanh d()ng, sv vi~c se duqc hoan thanh tnr&c m()t himh d()ng, sv
vi~c khac trong tuang lai.
Vi dv: By the time you go to Hanoi, I will have been to Korea. (EJdn khi bgn ra to·i Hc'J
Npi, toi se ttdn Han Qu6c.)
3. D~u hi~u nh~n bi~t
® by+ tho·i gian trong tuang lai (by 8 pm, by next month)
® by the end of+ thai gian trong tuang lai (by the end of next month)
® by the time + m~nh as chi a athi hi~n t?i aan
before + sv vi~c/ thai di~m trong tuang lai (before 2022)
~ khoang thO'i gian +from now (2 weeks from now)
XIII. THi TU'ONG LAI HOAN TIEP (The future perfect
continuous tense)
1. C~u true
Lo~i diu C~u true Vidl}
My father will have been working at
S + will/ shall + have + the university for 6 years. (B6 toi tta
Kh~ng djnh
been+ V-ing lam vi¢c tgi tru·ong d(d hrc (ttt()'C 6
nam.)
By the end of this year, we won't have
S + will/ shall + not + been playing badminton for 2 months.
Phtl djnh
have+ been+ V-ing (Din cu6i nam nay, cluing toi tf{i
khong chO'i cdu long trong 2 tluing.)

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 Will you have been playing chess for
Will/ Shall + S + have + 2 years by the end of this month? (B(m
Nghi vein
been+ Ving? se c/wi dr VUG tfll'f/C 2 nam VQO cudi
thang ni1y tftlng kh6ng?)
2. Cach dung
• Dimg d~ nhftn m~mh tinh lien t1,1C cua hfmh dong so v&i mot hanh dong khac
trong tuang Jai.
Vi d1,1: By the end of the week I will have been working here for four months. (Ddn
cu6i tudn, t6i se litm vi?c a Jdy Jw;c b6n thimg.)
• Di€n ta mot himh dong, S\f vi~c dang ti~p di€n keo dai lien t1,1C d~n mot thai
diSm nhcit djnh trong tuang lai.
Vi d1,1: They will have been talking for half an hour by the time we come back. (H9 se
n6i chuy?n Jur;c mra tidng cho adn khi cluing t6i quay l(li.}
3. n§u hi~u nh~n bi~t
• By then (DSn luc d6).
• By the time (Viw luc) + m~nh d~ thi hi~n t~i dan.
• By the end of (Vao cu6i): by the end of this week/ month/ year.
PRACTICE
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
1. Yesterday, I ___ home while she ___ the news on TV.
A. went/ watched B. was going/ was watching
C. went/ was watching D. was going/ watched
2. I hope that you to my house tomorrow.
A. will come B. are coming C. come D. came
3. When I arrived at the bus stop, the bus ___ 10 minutes ago.
A. left B. leaves C. was leaving D. had left
4. My mother as a doctor in Bach Mai hospital for 15 years.
A. has worked B. was working C. is working D. had worked
5. The boy ___ his homework yesterday and now he ___ video games.
A. finished/ played B. finished/ is playing
C. was finishing/ is playing D. was finishing/ played
6. At 8:00 tomorrow, he in his office.
A. will work B. will be working C. is working D. is going to work
7. She ___ to buy some books and pens at the bookstore now.
A. is wanting B. wants C. want D. will want

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8. Next week I _ _ _ my parents in Paris. I have just bought the ticket.

9. We ___ breakfast before we went to school this morning.

10. When you come back next week, I _ _ _ the assignments on Physics.

11. At 9 pm last night, when I___, my parents ___ home.

s studying/ went B. studied/ was going

12. Linda always ___ her teeth before she ___ to bed.

13. My father _ _ _ cigarettes for a month.

*****

I.
~ D<)ng tu khi&m khuy&t (Modal verbs) dung d~ b6 nghia cho d<)ng tu chinh.
~ C~u tr(Ic chung cua d<)ng tu khi&m khuy&t:

Vi dv: She can speak English very well. (C6 dy c6 thd n6i ti~ng Anh rdt t6t.)
H. cAc LO~I D(>NG TU KHIEM KHUYET
1. Can va Could (Co thi}
- Di~n ta kha nang c6 th~ lam vi~c gi d6:
~ Can dien ta kha nang c6 th~ lam vi~c gi d6 trong hi~n t~i ho~.c tuo11g lai.
~ Could di~n ta kha nang c6 th~ linn vi~c gi d6 trong qua kht'r.
Vi d~1: She can play the guitar. (C6 dy c6 thd chai guitar.)
My mother could sing very beautifully when she was young. (M£? t6i c6 thd hat
rdt hay khi ba con tre.)
- Can va Could con dtrQ'c dtmg trong diu hoi dS nghj, xin phep, yeu cfiu.
Vi dv: Can you open the window please? (Bqn c6 t!zd vui long me)' ct{·a s6 ctur·c kh6ng?)

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 Could you please wait a minute? (Bgn c6 thi vui long a(Ji m9t clult au·9·c khong?)
2. Must (Phiii)
- Di~n ta sv b~t bu()c chu quan tir ph fa nguai n6i (th~ hi~n cam xl!c, mong u&c cua
nguai n6i).
Vi d1,1: I must get up early tomorrow morning. (Toi phai d(ly s6m vao simg mai.)
- Di~n ta m()t quy t~c, lu~t 1~.
Vi d\1: You must obey the traffic rules. (B(m phai tudn tlui lu(lt l? giao thong.)
*Luu y: must not= mustn't (khong au·9·c): chi st,r dm dmin.
Vi d\1: You mustn't park the car here. (Bqn khong aU(YC agu xe 6· ady.)
3. Have to (Phiii)
- Di~n ta sv b~t bu()c khach quan do tinh thS di~u ki~n ben ngoai nhu n()i quy, lu~t 1~.
Vi d\1: Students have to wear school unifonns every day. (H9c sinh phai mijc ct6ng
phuc hling ngay.)
- Chl! y: Tuy la d()ng tir khuySt thi~u, nhung have to c6 each dung tuang tv m()t d()ng
ttr tlmang, dn trq d()ng ttr trong diu phu dinh va nghi vfin.

Cau kh~ng dinh S + have/ has to + V

cau phu dirih S +don't/ doesn't+ have to+ V
Caunghi vfin Do/ Does + S + have to + V?
4. May- Might (Co li, co thi}
Ch\fc nang Vi dl}
- Di~n ta sv vi~c c6 th~ xay ra & It may rain tommTow. (Trai c6
MAY hi~n t~i. thi mua viw ngay mai.)
- Di~n ta st,r xin phep, thinh du. May I bon·ow your pen? (Cho toi
mu(Yn btlt tftr(Yc khong?)
- Di~n ta sv vi~c c6 th~ xay ra & She might have passed the exam.
qua kh1r. (Co ciy c6 thi eta vu(Yt qua kY thi.)
MIGHT - Di~n ta s\r xin phep, thinh du She asked her mom if she might
lich S\f han "may" va thtrong go out. (Co ciy hoi me; co ciy li?u
duqc dung trong cau gian ti~p. co 4Y c6 thi di chai khong.)

5. Will- Would- Shall (Se)

Chu·c nang Vidl}
Di~n d?t, dl,l' doan S\f vi~c xay ra He will go to school by bus
trong tuang lai. tomorrow. (Anh cfy se ai h9c b{mg
xe buyt vao ngity mai.)

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 Dua ra m9t quySt dinh t~i thai
di~m n6i.
Dung trong dlu d~ nghi, yeu
c~u, lai moi
Di@n ta m()t gia djnh xay ra
ho~c dv doan S\f vi~c c6 thS xay
ra trong qua kht'r.
\VOULD
Di~n ta lai mai mang tinh lich
sv, thuang dimg v&i \Vould
like.
Di~n ta yeu du, d~ nghi m()t
each }ich S\1'.
SHALL Dung trong thi tuong lai dan -
chi dung v6·i cht1ngu I va WE.
Dung dS xin yki€n, lai khuyen.
6. Should -Ought to (Nbt}
Chu:c nang
Di~n ta m9t lai khuyen, m()t
SHOULD vi~c t6t nen thvc hi~n.
Chi S\l' b~t bu9c hay b6n ph?n
nhung (J muc d9 nhv han
"Must".
OUGHT
Chi S\f bit bu()c. M~nh h0'11
TO
"Should" nlmng chua b~ng
"Must".
III.l\1QT SO DQNG T(J'KHlfYET THJEll KHAC
1. Need (Ciin): Ngoai ch(rc nang la d()ng tir tlmang, need con duqc biSt d€n la m9t
d9ng tu khuy~t thiSu, v&i cac d~c diSm tuang t\r cua d9ng tir khuySt thiSu.
Did you buy salt? Oh, sorry, I
forgot. I will buy it now.
(Bqn aii nnw mu6i chua? - 6, xin
lJi, t6i qtu!n mdt. T6i se mua ngay
bay gio')
Will you have a cup of coffee?
(Bqn co mu6n u6ng I tach ca phe
klu5ng?)
He looked tired. He would get up
late this moming. (Trang anh dy c6
ve m?t m6i. C6 le simg nay anh ci_v
ctii d(ly mu{jn.)
Would you like to have some
juice? (Bqn c6 mu6n u6ng m{jt it
nuac trai cay kh6ng?)
Would you mind opening the door?
(Bqn c6 thd mo· ClJ'a so aw:J'C
khong?)
Where shall we go this weekend?
(Clning fa se ai ctdu vao cu6i twJn
nay?)
Vi dv
You should study hard. (Bqn nen
hrc t(lp cham chi.)
You should go home before 9 pm.
(Bqn nen vi nha tru6·c 9 gia t6z'.)
You ought not to play video
games after 9 pm. (Bqn khong nen
cho'i tro clwi cti¢n ttr sau 9 gio·
t6i.)
WEUP1117
C~u tr{Ic:
(+) S +need+ V
(-) S +need not/ needn't+ V
(?)Need+ S + V?
Vi dv: You needn't clean the house. (Bgn khong cdn phai d9n d?p nha cli·a.)
2. Dare (Dam): Ngoai ch{rc nang Ia d<)ng m thucmg, dare con duqc bi~t d~n Ia m<)t
d<)ng tlr khuy~t thi~u, v&i cite d~c di~m tuang tv· cua d<)ng ttr khuy~t thi~u.
C~u true:
(+) S + dare + V
(-) S +dare not/ daren't + V
(?) Dare + S + V?
Vi d\1: He daren't go out at night. (Anh dy khong dam ra ngoiti vao ban ctern.)
3. Be able to (Co thi}
- Di~n ta kha nang atuang lai va thi hoan thanh.
Vi dv: She will be able to come next week. (Co ciy se c6 thi ttin viw tudn tai.)
- Di~n ta kha nang, c6 g~ng xoay sa dS liun m<)t vi~c gi d6 trong di~u ki~n kh6 khan,
b~t lqi.
Vi d\1: In spite of being sick, she is able to go to work. (lVJ(tc dit bi b?nh, co dy vein c6
thi di firm.)
PRACTICE
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
1. You ___ stop when the traffic lights turn red.
A. can B. should C. must D. may
2. My sister ___ speak French fluently when she was 7 years old.
A. may B. could C. must D. can
3. You ___ eat candy and cake at night.
A. ought not to B. ought to not C. should to D. should not to
4. You ___ do morning exercise because it can help you to keep fit.
A. should B. ought C. can D. are able to
5. ___ you show me the way to the nearest post office?
A. Should B. Could C. May D. Shall
6. Jane _ _ sleep well because the noise was too loud.
A. won't B. shouldn't C. mustn't D. couldn't
7. Although Mi~h's leg was broken, he ___ get out of the burning, room.
A. can B. might C. was able to D. should
8. We have enough food for dinner, so you _ _ buy anything.

WE UP 1118
9. ___ you ride a bike when you were 7 years old?
n . May C. Should D. Could
10. We hope that Minh _ _ find the best solution to the issue.

*****

I. DANH TU (NOUN)
1. Djnh nghia
Danh tu la ru d~ chi m<)t ngucJi, m<)t v~t, m<)t sv vi~c, m<)t tinh tn;mg hay m<)t cam x(tc.
2.Phin~~danht~
a. Danh ti'r dim du·p·c:
@ La nhfrng danh tir co th~ d~m duqc: 1 cai, 2 con, 3 chi~c ..... .
Vi d\l: a house, a table, a book, an apple, an engineer
• Co th~ t6n t9i duai 2 d<,=mg: s6 it (1 cai) va s6 nhiSu (tu 2 tr6' len).
Vi d\1: a desk, three desks, four teachers
b. Dan It tir khfmg dim ilu·(fc:
• Chi nhfrng gi khong dSm dtrqc ho~c nhfrng gi co tfnh truu tm;mg.
Vi dv: nature, money, water
111 Danh t1r khong d~m duqc khong co d9ng s6 nhi~u nen khong thea sau a/an
ho~c s6 dSm.
Vi d\l: some water, some money
Cach chuy~n danh tu s6 it thanh danh tir s6 nhi~u:
111 H&u h~t cac danh ru s6 nhi~u tlmcmg them "s" 6 cu6i.
Vi dv: cat -7 cats, doctor -7 doctors, concert -7 concerts
• Danh nr t~n dmg b~ng o, s, sh, ch, x, z them "es" vao cu6i.
Vi dv: box -7 boxes, tomato -7 tomatoes, dish -7 dishes
Ngoai le: Cac danh tir k~t thuc b~ng nguyen am+ "o" chi dn them "s" (VD: radio -7
radios)
@ Danh tu k~t thuc b~ng "y" -7 chuySn '}'" thanh "i" sau do them Hes".
Vi dv: candy -7 candies
• M<)t s6 danh tu k~t th1tc b~ng "f" hay "fe" chuySn thanh "ves".
Vi d\l: wolf -7 wolves, knife -7 knives
Trtdmg hpp ngofli 1¢:

WE UP 1119
 Roof§. Gulf§. Cliff§. Reef§.

Proof§. Chief§. Safe§. Dwarf§.

Turf§. Griefs Belief§.

Ctic tndmg hlfp dfic biit khong theo quy tdc:
sa it sa nhi~u so it So nhi~u
man men sheep sheep
woman women deer deer
goose geese fish fish
mouse mice swine swine
foot feet craft craft
tooth teeth
child children
ox oxen
3. Vi tri trong diu
• Danh tu lam chu ngfr dt'rng tnr&c d<)ng rir chinh trong cau.
Vi dv: 2000 people went to the concert last night. (2000 ngzdri eta adn xem bu6i hoa
nhgc tdi qua.)
• Danh tu lam tan ngfi' tn,rc ti~p (direct object) trong cau, dtrng sau d<)ng tir
chinh.
Vi dt,1: Lan often visits her grandparents at weekend. (Cudi tucin Lan tlnrong v~ tham
6ng bc'tngogi.)
• Danh ru liun tan ngfr giim ti~p (indirect object) cho d<)ng tu, d1rng sau tan ngfr
tn,rc tiep.
Vi dv: Linh gave me a bunch of flowers. (Linh t(mg t6i m()t b6 hoa.)
• Lam b6 ngfi' cho chu ngfi' trong cau, tlmemg dtrng sau cac d<)ng tir lien k~t nhu
be, seem, become, etc.
Vi dv: My father is an engineer. (Cha t6i Ia m<)t ley sU'.)
• Danh tu dtrng sau cac lo~i tu sau:
+ M~o tu: a/ an/ the
Vi d\1: The baby is crying. (EJtl·a tre ctang kh6c.)
+ Tinh tu
Vi dt,1: He is a hardworking student. (Anh dy Ia mf)t h9c sinh cham chi.)
+ Gi&i tir (in, of, for, into, about, under ... )
Vi dv: She is really interested in movies. (Cody tlwc S{t thich phim imh.)

WE UP II 20
 + TLr so· huu our, the teacher's ... )
Vi d\I: Do you see my cat? (Bt;uz c6 thd_v con meo ctia toi khong?)
+ Tir Iwn djnh every,
Vi d1,1: Each student must complete the survey. (A16i lu;c sinh phdi hodn tlulnh bdn
kluio .wit.)
4. Dftu hi~u nh~n bi@t danb tu·
Danh tir thuang c6 cac h~u t6 sau:
STT H~u tfi Vi dt}
1 -ment movement, environment, entertainment
2 -ion fiction, dimension, destruction
3 -ance performance, attendance, maintenance
4 -ing (gerund) studying, finding, working
5 -ence difference, reference, dependence
6 -er farmer, customer, singer
7 -or doctor, visitor, translator
8 -ness carefulness, kindness
9 -ist terrorist, ±1orist, economist
10 -ity diversity, ability, similarity
11 -ism enthusiasm, terrorism, journalism
12 -hood childhood, neighborhood, parenthood
13 -ship friendship, membership, leadership

H. DQNG TU (VERB)
1. Djnh nghia
B()ng tU la nhltng tLr dung aS di6n ta h~mh a()ng ho?c tr~ng thai Clla chu ngfr trong cau.
Vi d\I: I study English every day. (Toi hpc tiing Anh m6i ngay.)
2. Phan Io~i aqng tu·
2.1. Tr(J' tl(Jug tit (Auxilimy verb)
e Trc;r d()ng tlr auc;rc su dvng cimg v6·i m()t a()ng tir chinh aS hinh thanh thS nghi
v~n, thS phu djnh, thS nh~n m~nh hay hinh thanh m()t thl trong tiSng Anh.
e Trc;r a()ng tir c6 thS auc;rc chia thanh 2 nh6m:
a. To be, to have, to do: vira c6 thSlam d()ng tlr tlmcmg, vira c6 thS linn trc;r a()ng tu·
Vf dv;
~~~ She i§_ a doctor. (Co dy ld bac sf.)

WE UP 1121
 • She ~ listening to music. (Co dy Clang nghe nhgc.)
b. D(>ng tu khi~m khuy~t: chi c6 th~ lam trq d9ng ru trong diu.
Vi dv: He can speak English fluently. (Anh c~y c6 th~ n6i tidng Anh tr6i chay.)
2.2. D~ng tit tludJ'ng
a. N(>i d9ng tir (Intransitive Verb)
• N(>i d(>ng ru di6n ta nhfrng hanh d9ng n9i t~i c1m chi1 th~.
• N(>i d(>ng tu thucmg dtmg ngay sau chu ngfr va kh6ng dn tan ngfr di kem.
Vi dtl: The baby is crying. (lJt'ra be dang kh6c.)
b. Ngo~i d<)ng tir (Transitive Verb)
• Ngo~i d9ng ru la nhfrng d(>ng tir di€n ta m9t hanh d9ng tac d(>ng d~n m(>t nguai
ho~c m9t v?t nao khac.
• Nguai ho~c v?t chiu str tac d(>ng c1m himh d9ng duqc g9i la tan ngfr theo sau.
Ngo~i d9ng tu lu6n c6 tan ngfr di sau.
Vi dtl: I am doing my homework. (T6i dang linn bid t(tp vJ nha.)
Lrru y: Sv phan chia n9i d(>ng tu va ngo~i d(>ng tu chi la tuong d6i vi nhi~u d9ng nr
vira la n(>i d(>ng tir, vira hi ngo~i d(>ng tu.
Vf dtt: - The bell rings. (Chuang keu.)
- They ring the bell. (H9 rung chuang.)
2.3. D{Jng tt'r nbi (Linking verb)
• D(>ng tu n6i dung dS n6i chu ngfr va vi ngfr dS diSn ta tr~ng thai ho~c ban chdt
cua illQt S\f vi~c nao do.
• Dl1ng d~ng sau d(>ng tu n6i c6 thS la tinh rir ho~c m(>t danh tir khac dong vai
tro lam vi ngfr trong diu.
• Cac d9ng tir n6i ph6 bi~n: feel, look, seem, smell, taste, appear, become,
sound, remain, stay.
Vi dv: She looks very happy. (Co ciy tr6ng rdt hgnh plulc.)
3. Vi tri trong diu
• Thuemg d(mg sau chu ngfr.
Vi dv: He~ badminton everyday. (Anh dy chai cdu long himg ngay.)
• C6 thS dung sau tr~ng rir chi muc d(> thuang xuyen.
(always, usually, often, ... )
Vi dtt: My sister never eats fish. (Em gai t6i kh6ng baa giir em cit.)
III. TINH TU (ADJECTIVE)
1. Djnh nghia
Tinh ru (Adjective), thuang duqc vi~t t~t la adj, la nhfrng tu dimg d~ mieu ta d?c tinh,
d~c diSm, tinh each cua sv v?t, hi~n tuQ'Ug. Tinh rir thuemg c6 vai tro b6 trq cho danh
tu.

WE UP II 22
Vi d\1: She is so prettv. (Co c~v th(lt ctr;p.)
2. tri diu
* Tinh ttr d1rng tn:r&c danh tu: +N
Vi d\t: I have bought a new car. (T6i vzi·a mua m9t chide 6 t6 mo'i.)
Tinh tir d(rng sau d(lng tu n6i (linking verbs)
Vi dv: My mother seems tired. (Mr; toi cove m?t m6i.)
Make/ Keep/ Find/ Leave+ (0) + adj
Vi d\1: You made me hillmY· (Bqn lam toi hqnh ph tic.)
• Tfnh nr trong can cam than: How +adj + S + V! =What+ {a/an)+ adj + N!
Vi clv: How lazy you are! (Bqn th(lt lu·ai bidng!)
3. D~u hi~u nh~n bi~t tfnh tir
Tinh tu tlmemg c6 cac h~u t6 sau:
STT H~u to Vi dt}
1. -able comfortable, valuable, reliable
2. -ible responsible, possible, flexible
3. -ous dangerous, various, numerous
4. -ive attractive, creative, impressive
5. -ful careful, helpful, wonderful
6. -less careless, useless, harmless
7. -ic dynamic, economic, fantastic
8. -a I musical, natural, national
9. -ing/ed frightening, interested, boring
10. -ent violent, different, efficient
11. -ant dominant, relevant, brilliant
12. -y windy, rainy, healthy
13. -ern western, southern
14. -ish selfish, childish
15. -ly daily, friendly, lovely
4. Tr~t tt,r sap x~p tinh tir

• Opinion: Tinh tir chi quan di~m, S\f danh gia

Vi dv: lovely, ugly, messy, beautiful.
• Size: Tinh tir chi kich cO'
Vi dv: big, small, huge, short

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 o Age: Tfnh tir chi OQ tu6i
Vf dv: new, old, young
• Shape: Tinh ill chi hinh dang
Vi dv: round, square, triangular
• ur
Color: Tinh chi mim s~c
Vi dv: white, green, black
• Original: Tinh ill chi ngu6n g6c
Vi dv: Vietnamese, Korean
• Material: Tfnh t1r chi ch~t li~u
Vi dti: plastic, leather, wooden
• Purpose: Tinh ill chi nwc dfch Sll' dvng
Vi dv: sleeping (bag), walking (socks)
IV. TRJ).NG TU (ADVERB)
1. Djnh nghia
Tr~ng tir (Adverb), duqc vi~t t~t Ut Adv, la tir lo~i duqc dung dS b6 nghia cho d<)ng tir,
ur
tinh tir, mQt tr~ng khac hay cho ca diu.
2. Phan lo~i tr~ng tir
a. Tr(lng tz't chi each thu·c (Adverb of manner)
• Di~n ta each tht'rc thtrc hi~n cua m<)t hrmh d<)ng, dimg d~ tra lai cac diu hoi
vai How? (nhlf tid niw?)
• Tn,mg ill each thtrc duqc hinh thanh b~ng each them du6i "ly" d~ng sau tfnh
tir. (slow- slowly, fluent- fluently, beautiful- beautifully)
Vi dv: She runs quickly. (Co dy chgy tluJt nhanh.)
b. Tr(lng tii· chi thiri gian (Adverb of time)
• Di~n ta thai gian hanh d<)ng OUQ'C tlwc hi~n, dimg dS tra lai vai diu hoi
When? (Khi niw?)
• Cac tr~ng tir chi thai gian thuang g~p: now, yesterday, tomorrow, next year,

Vi dtt: He is playing the guitar now. (Bcly gio· anh ciy dang cho'i guitar.)
c. Tr(lng ttl' chi tim sudt (Adverb offrequency)
• Di~n ta mt'rc dO thuang xuyen cua mOt hanh d<)ng, d1mg dS tra lai diu hoi
How often? (Bao lfm?)
• Cac tr~ng ttr chi tfin suftt thuang g~p: always, usually, often, frequently,
sometimes, seldom, rarely, never, ...
Vi dv: She usually watches TV. (Cody thuimg xuyen xem TV.)
d. Tr(lng ttr chi nui cldm (Adverb ofplace)

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 Di~n ta himh d9ng di€n ra no·i m1o, 6 dau ho~c gfin xa th~ nao, dung tra lai
cho cau hoi Where? (0' diiu?)
M9t sci tqmg ru· nai chcin thucmg g{lp: away,
somewhere, above, belmv, ...
Vi d1.1: I am standing here. {T6i ctang tlt'tng ddy.)
e. Tr{lng tii· chi s6 lu·{J'ng (Adverb of quantity)
~ Tr:;mg tu nay de nhin m~nh, nh~c t&i cac s1,r vi~c dugc di~n ra v&i sci lugng/
hrgt it ho~c nhi~u.
~ M9t sci tr~ng h'r chi sci ltrQng tlmcmg g~p: some/ any, a little/ a little of,
several. ..
Vi d1.1: I want to buy some eggs. {T6i mu6n mua m9t it trung.)
f. Tr{lng tii·nghi vdn (Adverb of questions)
~ L:l nhung tr~ng nr dung dfru cau c6 chuc nang dl'mg at8 hoi nhu \"Vhy, when,
how, what, who, ... ho~c cac tr~ng tl'r perhaps (c6 le), maybe (c6 thS), of
course (d1 nhien), surely (ch~c ch~n).
Vi d\1: Maybe she forgets the meeting. (Cole c6 Ay quen cu(Jc hrp.)
g. Tr(mg til' quan h~ (Adverb of relation)
~ Dt\ng d~ diSn hi dia di~m, thai gian ho~c ly do.
~ Tr~ng tir quan h~ c6 thS ncii hai m~nh d~ v&i nhau.
~ Cac tr~ng tU quan h~ gdm: when, where, why
Vi d\1: I remember the day when I met him. {T6i nh6· ngay t6i gijp anh dy.)
h. Tn.mg tz'l' chi mll'c d{J (Adverb ofgrade)
~ Tr~ng tu chi muc GQ dugc Slr d\lng d~ di~n ta muc d9, cho biSt hanh d9ng diSn
ra d~n muc d9 nao, thuang dung tnr&c m9t tinh tir hay tqmg tu khac.
~ M9t sci tr~ng tu muc d9 thuang g~p: too (qua), absolutely (tuy~t dcii),
completely (hoan toan), entirely (hSt thay), greatly (rit Ia), exactly (qua
th~t), extremely (v6 cl'mg), perfectly (hoan toan), slightly (hai), quite (hoan
toim), rather (kha).
Vi d1,t: What you said is rather true. (Nhung di~u br;m n6i klui thing.)
3. Vi tri cua tqmg tir
~ Tr~ng ru dung tru&c ho~c sau d9ng tu thm)ng.
Vi d1.1: My sister dances beautifully. (Em gcii toi nluiy d?p.)
~ Gifra trq d9ng ttr va d9ng tl'r thuang.
Vi d\1: She has il!§! bought 4 books. (Co 4Y vt'ra mua 4 cu6n sach.)
Ill Tr1,1ng tu du·ng tru&c tinh tu dS b6 ngh1a cho tinh tu d6.
Vi d\J: The exercises are extremely difficult. (Cite bai tgp qrc ky kho.)

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 • Tr~ng tir dtrng m9t minh a dftu cau.
Vi d\t: Unluckily, I missed the final bus. (Tiu)t khong may, toi aii b6 Ia chuyin xe buyt
cubi cimg.)
4. nAu hi~u nh~n bi~t tqmg tir
• Adj + -ly ~ Adv
Vi d\t: careful+ -ly ~ carefully, quick+ -ly -7 quickly
Luu y:
• N +-ly ~ Adj
Vi dw friend+ -ly -7 friendly, love+ -ly -7 lovely
• M9t s6 tir vira la tinh tir vira Ia tr~mg tir: wrong, long, late, last, kindly, hard,
free, fast, daily, early, well.
Vi d\t:
• She is a fast nmner. (adj)
• She runs fast. (adv)
V. D~I T{J' (PRONOUNS)
1. Djnh nghia
D~i tu (Pronouns) la tir dS chi nguai ho~c v~t, dung dS thay thS cho danh tir trong
d'tu, giup trfmh vi~c l~p l~i danh tir d6 nhi~u lfm.
2. Phan lo~i d~i tir
a. D(ti til· nhan xzmg (Personal pronouns)
• D~i nr nhan xung (Personal pronouns) con gQi la d~i tir xung ho ho~c d~i tir chi
ngoi la nhfrng d~i tir dung dS chi va d~i di~n hay thay thS cho m9t danh tir chi
nguai ho~c v~t khi ta khong mu6n d~ c~p tr\fc tiSp ho~c l~p l~i cac danh tir fiy.
• Cac d~i ttr nhan xung:
Ngoi D~i tir lam chii ngu· D~i tir lam tan ngfi·

s6 it Ngoi thtr nhftt I Me

Ngoi thu hai You You
Ngoi thu ba She/ He/ It Her/ Him/ It
s6 nhi~u Ngoi th1r nhAt We Us
Ngoi thtr hai You You
Ngoi thtr ba They Them
Vid\t:
-He is an intelligent student. (Anh dy la m9t h9c sinh thong min h)
- My parents bought me a new laptop. (Bb m{? toi till mua cho toi m9t chiic may tinh
xach tay m6'i.)

\VE UP 1126
* Chtrc nang:
+ D;;ti ttr nhan xm1g you, we, it" lam chu ngfr trong diu.
Vi dv: She is a singer. (Co ciy !(! m()t ca si.)
+ D;;ti tir nhan xung you, us, it" co vai tro him tan ngfr
trong cau.
Vi dv: She sent me a lot of letters. (Co 4v eta gll-i clw toi rdt nhidu tine.)
b. D{li ti't• sii' lulu (Possessive pronouns)
* D;;ti tir s& hfru la nhfrng tir duqc dung dS chi S\t s& hfru va thay thS cho m()t danh
ttr ho~c qnn danh tir da duqc nh~c dSn tru&c do nh~m tn1nh l?p tir.
D~i tir s& hu·u = tinh tir s& hu·u + danh tir
Vi d\l: I found my book but I couldn't find her book.
~I found my book but I couldn't find hers.
• C:ic dai tir s& hfru:
D~i tir nhan xung D~i tir s& hfru Tinh tir s& hu·u
I Mine My
You Yours Your
We Ours Our
They Theirs Their
She Hers Her
He His His
It Its its
c. JJ{li ti't·pluin thiin (Reflexive pronouns)
• D;;ti ttr phfm than g6m co: myself (chinh t6i, tv t6i), yourself (chinh b~n), himself
(chinh anh ~y), herself (chfnh co Ay), itself (chfnh no), ourselves (chinh chung
t6i), yourselves (chfnh cac b~n), themselves (chinh hQ).
* Chfrc nang:
+ D;;ti tir phfm than lam tan ngfr cua d()ng tir khi chi1 ngfr va tan ngfr la cling m()t
nguoi
Vi dv; I cut myself when I was peeling oranges. (Toi bi dut tay khi toi dang gQt cam.)
+ D;;ti ttr phim than thucmg d1mg sau gi&i tir dS b6 nghia cho gi&i ttr.
Vi dv: I made it by myself. (Toi t~t lam ra n6.)
d. D{li ttl: hilt ifjnh (indefinite pronouns)
D~i tir bAt dinh la nhfrng tir khong chi ngu6'i hay v~t cv thS ma chi n6i m()t each
chung chung. D~i ttr bAt djnh c6 thS dung o· s6 it, &s6 nhi~u, va ca hai.
• Cac d;;ti tir bAt djnh:

WE UP 1127
 sa it sa nhi~u Ca sa it vasa
nhi~u
Another (m()t cai khac) Both (ca hai) All (tl1t ca)
Each (m6i) Few (it) Any (m()t vai)
Either (ho~c, m()t trong hai) Many (nhieu) Most (hfiu het)
Neither (cfing khong) Several (m()t vai) None (khong ai ca)
One (m()t) Others (nhfrng ngm)·i khac/ Some (m()t s6)
cai khac)
Other (cai khac)
Anybody/ anyone (b~t cu ai)
Anything (b~t cu thtr gi)
Everybody/ everyone (m<;>i
nguai)
Everything (m<;>i thu)
Nobody/ no one (khong ai)
Nothing (khong cai gi)
Somebody/ someone (m()t
nguai nao d6)
Something (m()t thu gi d6)

Vi dv: Someone has stolen my bike. (Ai ct6 vz'm mai !dy tr9m chide xeJlqp ctla toi.)
e. D(li ti'r qua1t hi (relative pronouns)
• D~i tir quan h~ duqc SlY dvng k~t n6i cac m~nh d~ quan h~ vai cac m~nh d~ OQC
l~p.
• D~i tir quan h~ g6m: who, which, whom, whose, that.
(Xem them CHUYEN DE 8: Mi;NH DE QUAN Hi; ttd hiiu them v~ aqi tl'r quan h¢.)
f. D(li ti'l· chi dinh (demonstrative pronouns)
• Cac d~i tir chi dinh dung d~ nhic d~n m()t ddi tuqng, st,r ki~n ho~c ngm)i lien quan
d~n nguai n6i. Chung c6 th~ am chi d~n m()t st,r gfin gCii v~ m~t v~t ly ho~c tam ly
hay khoang each.
• Cac d~i tir chi dinh:

D1Ji tir chi djnh D~i di~n cho danh tir Khoang each

This s6 ft/ khong d~m duqc Gfin

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 cho danh til'

That s6 it/ kh6ng d~m duqc Xa

These s6 nhi~u GAn

Those s6 nhi~u Xa

Vf d1,1: This is my school. (Ddy Ia trucmg hoc ala t6:)

g. D~i ttr nghi v~n (interrogative pronouns)
ill tu
D~i nghi v~nla nhfrng ttr dung d~ hoi. Thong tlmong cac ttr nay se tlmo·ng xu~t
hi~n angay d~u cau hoi va c6 vai tro di~n ta d6i hrqng ma diu hoi huang d~n.
ill Cac d~i ttr nghi v~n: Who, Whom, Whose, \Vhat, Which, Where, When.
ill Chuc nang:
+ L\m chu ngfr trong cau.
Vf dv: Who is your English teacher? (Ai Ia giao vien tiing Anh ala bgn?)
+ Lam tan ngfr trong cau.
Vi d1,1: What did you read? (B(m tta doc gi vt;ly?)
PRACTICE
1l1ark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
1. She is looking for a personal ___ with good organizational skills.
A. assistance B. assistant C. assist D. assisted
2. My parents have bought for me on my birthday.
A. a modern blue Japanese bike B. a blue Japanese modern bike
C. a blue modem Japanese bike D. a Japanese modern blue bike
3. The teacher speaks ___ so that the students can understand the lesson.
A. slow B. quickly C. fast D. slowly
4. It was _ _ for me to sleep well because of the noise.
A. impossible B. possible C. possibility D. impossibility
5. Students are expected to be quiet and in the classroom.
A. obey B. obedience C. obedient D. obediently
6. There are a lot of between Vietnamese and American culture.
A. different B. differently C. difference D. differences
7. The development of industry causes serious ___ pollution.
A. environment B. environmental C. environmentally D. environmentalist

WE UP1129
8. She was deeply ___ to see her essay retumed with a mass of cmTections in red
ink.
jisappointing B. disappointm C. disappointed isappoint
9. The opportunity to travel is one of the main ___ of this job.

10. The end of the movie was much more ___ than I'd expected.

*****

CHUYEN DE 4. GIOI TU
{PREPOSITION)

I. DJNH NGHiA
• Giai tu (prep) h\ tir lo;;ti chi sv lien quan gifra tir dtrng sau n6 v6·i cac thanh
ph~n kluic trong diu.
• Vi dv: I put the pen on the table. (T6i ai diy btlt m~tc tren bim.)
LU'U y: cAn phfm bi~t tr;;tng tu (adverb) va giai tir: giai ttr luon luon ph~li c6 Cl,lffi ttr di
kern d~ng sau (C\lm danh tir, d;;ti tir ho~c danh d()ng tir), con tr;;tng tir thi kh6ng c6.
Vi dv:
• There is a book on the table. (Co m9t quyin sach tren bim.) (prep)
• The war still went on. (Chidn tranh win con tiip t~1c.} (adv)
II. PHAN LO~I GIOI TU
1. Gioi tir chi thOi gian

uac gia at 6 o'clock, at 10 am

uac m()t m6c thai gian nhilt at noon, at midnight, at
nh lunchtime, at present, at
AT
uac cac ngay nghi 1~ (toan dawn
.' . "' ~· --

uac bu6i trong ngay in the moming, 111 the

uac thang/ nam/ mita/ th~p evening
IN ~11 in April, in 1998, in summer,

\VE UP 1130
 Tnr&c ngay trong tu:ln ho?c 1!1 on Monday, on Monday 28 111
ngay thang trong nam
ON
Tru&c ngay trong m<)t ki nghi on Christmas days, on
ho~c bu6i trong ngay cv th~ Sunday evening
SINCE
(k~ tir
1!1 Tm&c m<)t m6c tho·i gian cv • Since 1998, since 8 am
th~ trong qua khu • Since I was at high school
khi)
FOR
(trong • Tru6'c m<)t khm\ng thai gian • For an hour, for 4 months
trong qua kh1r
khoang) \

M{Jt so giO'i ti't· chi thiti gian kluic:

• From ... to (tz'r ... ctdn): from 1998 to 2018
• During (trong su6t nu}t khoang tho'i gian): during 3 hours, during the lesson
• Before (tru(J'c): before 9 am
After (sau): after 10 pm
• By (tru6d viw m9t tlu}i tliim nao tt6): by 2030, by last month
• Until/ Till (ttdn, cho ttdn): until midnight
2. Gi&i tir chi vj tri

Gi6i tir Cach su· d1Jng Vi d1J

AT
® Tnr6'c m<)t dia di~m cv th~ • at the cinema, at the airport, at
co·, t:;ti) the bus stop

• Tru&c nai h'tm vi~c, hqc t~p

• at work, at school, at
university
IN • su dvng khi n6i ve m<)t
• in the room, in the building,
(trong, 0' khong gian khep kin
in a car
trong) • Tnr&c ten lang, thi tn1n,
thanh ph6, qu6c gia • in a village, in a town, in
Hanoi, in Vietnam
• Tm&c danh tir chi plmang
lm&ng • in the north, in the south
ON Ill Chi vi tri tren b~ m?t 1!1 on the table, on the wall
(tren, o· • Phuang ti~n di l?i cong c<)ng/ 1!1 on a bus, on a plane
tren) ca nhan
• Chi s6 t~ng tren nha 0 on the second floor

M{Jt sb giO'i tii· chi vi tri kluic:

WE UP 1131
 • above (cao han, ben tren): above the lake
o over (bi baa plni bai cai khac, qua): over the bridge
e belOW (ben duai VG khong tiip XLlc b~ m(lt ben duai): below the surface
• under (du6·i va c6 tzip xuc vai b~ m(lt 6· ben duai): under the table
• by/ next to/ beside (ben cqnh): by/ next to/ beside a shopping center
o in front of (phia tnrac): in front of the pond
• behind (phia sau): behind the bookshelf
• between (6' gii/·a 2 nguai/ v{it): between the table and chair
o among (6' gitra nhiJu nguailv9t): among the crowd of people
3. Gi6i tir chi S\f chuy~n djch
o to: mieu ta m9t nguai/ S\r v~t di chuy~n d~n m9t di~m d~n m\o d6
Vi dv: I go to the supermarket. (Toi r:ti din sieu thj.)
0 into: di vao ben trong v~t, dia di~m
Vi dv: Please go into the building. (Vui long di vao toa nha.)
• out of: ra khoi
Vi d\t: You must get out of the room now. (Bgn phai ra khoi phong ngay bay gio'.)
• onto: di chuy~n len tren bS m~t cua S\f v~t khac
Vi dv: The cat jumps onto the chair. (Con mea nhay len ghi.)
• from ... to ... : tu ... d~n ...
Vi dv: It takes me 15 minutes to drive from my house to my office. (Toi m&t 15 plnlt
di f(ti xe tt} nha ddn van phong ClJcl toi.)
• across: qua, ngang qua
Vi d\t: She is walking across the road. (Co ify ctang di b{J qua duang.)
• along:dQctheo
Vi dv: She is walking along the beach. (Co ify dang di b{J d9c thea bcli bidn.)
• towards: (di chuy~n) vS huang
Vi dv: The man is moving towards his house. (Nguai dan ong aang di chuy~n v~ phia
ngoi nha ctla minh.)
• over: vuqt qua
Vi d\l: The girl walks over a bridge. (Co gai cti qua m{Jt cay cdu.)
• through: qua, xuyen qua
Vi dv: The thief broke into my house through the window. (Ten tr{Jm d{Jt nhqp vao nha
toi qua tfuong czi·a s6.)
• up (len)>< down (xu6ng)
Vi dv: She tried to climb up the tree. (Cody c6 glrng treo len cay.)
• round/ around: quanh, vong quanh

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Vi d\1: Do you like to go around the city? (Bc;m co thich tli quanh thcmh p!u5 kh6ng?)
s6 tu· khac
110 with: v&i
Vi d\1: I usually go shopping with my mom. (T6i thuimg di mua sdm v6'i m? t6i.)
• without: khong, khong co
Vf d\1: I couldn't have done it without you. (T6i kh6ng thd lam diJu do ndu kh6ng co
bgn.)
• according to: theo
Vi d\l: According to Mary, it was the first time they had met. (Thea Mary, ct6 la tdn
adu tien h9 g(lp nhau.)
• instead of: thay vi
Vi dv: You can buy some tomatoes instead of carrots. (Bc;m co thd mua nu)t it cit chua
thay vi dt r6t.)
• in order to= so as to: dS
Vi dv: I learn English so as to/ in order to travel abroad. (T6i h9c tidng Anh ad tli du
Itch nuo·c ngo(d.)
• thanks to: nho vao, nho co
Vi d\1: Thanks to you, I can finish the homework. (Nha bc;zn, t6i co tluf hoim thcmh bai
t(tp v& nha.)
HI. CUA GIOI Tif
1. Gio·i tir dli'ng truo·c danh til'
Vidv:
- The book is about Vietnamese food. (Cu6n sach vidt vJ man an Vi¢t 1Vam.)
- Mary is at home (JvfmJl dang 6· nha)
2. Gioi tir du·ng sau d()ng tir
Gi&i tir co thS dung ngay sau d<)ng ttr ho~c bi m<)t tiSu tir khac xen gifra d<)ng tir va
gi&i tir.
Vi d~t:
- You should tum the radio on. (Bgn nen b(tt ctai.)
- I ·will arrive ill the airport at 8 pm. (Toi se adn sdn bay ltk 8 gio· t6i.)
3. Gio·i tu· du·ng sau tinh tir
Vi dv: Are you satisfied with our products? (Bc;m co h(li long v6·i san plzcim ctla clnlng
toi khong?)
IV. GIC:H THONGDVNG
1. Gioi tir theo sau tinh tir (Adj + prep)

WE UP 1133
 Gi6i tir cau true
8 be anxious about
• be confused about
8 be concerned about
• be curious about
Djch nghia
• lo l~ng vS
• b6i r6i, lung rung
• quan Him, lo ng~i
• to mo, hi~u ki

ABOUT • be doubtful about • hoai nghi

• be excited about • hao h1rng
• be sad about 8 bu6n
8 be serious about 8 nghiem tllC
• be sorry about • xin I6i
8 be worried about • lo l~ng
• be amazed at • kinh ng~c, strng s6t
8 be amused at 8 thfch thu
8 be angty at sb 8 gi~n dfr, t1rc gi~n
8 be annoyed at sb • b~rc minh
AT • be bad at • t~, kh6ng gi6i
8 be brilliant at • thong minh, c6 tai
8 be expert at • dt gi6i, chuyen gia trong
• be good/clever at • gioi/ kheo leo
• be mad at sb • nrc dien
• be available for 0 c6 san
0 be bad for • kh6ng t6t, xfiu
0 be dangerous for • nguy hiSm
8 be difficult for • kh6 khan
• be famous/ well-known for • n6i ti~ng
• be good tbr • t6t
• be grateful for sth • bi~t on vS vi~c gi
FOR • be late for • mUQ11
• be necessary for • dn thi~t
• be qualified for • c6 ph~hn chfit
8 be ready for • s~n sang
8 be responsible for sth • chju trach nhi~m vS vi~c gi
• be sorry for • xin 16i
• be suitable for • phu hQ'p
• be useful for • c6 lQ'i, c6 ich

WE UP 1134
 iii) absent from til v~ng m?t
Ill different from khac v6i
far from xa
iii) be absorbed in 411 say me, say sua
til be engaged in tham gia, tham dv
iii)
be experienced in 411 c6 kinh nghi~m
IN
411 be interested in 411 yeu thich, quan tam
be successful in • thimh cong
411 be involved in 0 c6 lien quan, dinh lfu t6i
• be afraid of til lo SQ', SQ' hfii
411 be ashamed of • xiuh6
• be aware of • nh~n thuc

• be capable of • c6 kha nang

l!! be cetiain of @ ch~c ch~n
@ be fond of • thich
@ be full of @ diiy
@ be guilty of @
c6 t9i
OF
@ be independent of • d(>c l~p
• be jealous of @
ghen ti
• be proud of • tvhao
iii)
be scare of • sq hai
• be sick of • chan nan
til be suspicious of • nghinga
• be tired of iii)
m~t moi

• be typical of @ tieu biSu, diSn hinh

iii) be dependent iii) 1~ thu()c, phv thu(>c vao
ON iii) be keen on thfch, say me
be based on iii)
dva tren, d\ra vao
• be addicted to iii) nghi~n, say me

• be grateful to sb • bi~t an ai
be harmful to 0 c6lwi
TO • be identical to • gi6ng h~t
\
be important to @ quan trQng
• be indifferent to 0 tha a, l~nh nlwt
• be kind to sb @
t6t b\mg

\VE UP 1135
 e be loyal to
• be lucky to
• be necessary to
• be opposed to
• be pleasant to
• be profitable to
• be responsible to sb
• be mde to
• be similar to
• be married/ engaged to sb
• be acquainted with
• be angry with sb for sth
• be bored with = be fed up
with
• chung thtty, chung thfmh
• may man
• dn thi~t
• phfm d6i
• hai long
• c6lqi
• c6 tnich nhi~m v&i ai
• tho 16, c9c dn
• giong, tuang t\r
• k~t honl dinh hon
• quen bi~t, than quen
• me gi?n v&i ai vi diSu gi
• chan

WITH • be busy with sth • b?n r9n

• be content with sth = be • hai long
satisfied with sth
• be crowded with • dong dttc
• be disappointed with • th~t vQng
• be impressed with/ by • an tuqng
2. Gi6'i tir du·ng trU'6'c danh tir (Prep + N)
Gioi tir Cau true D!ch nghia
• at a loss • lung rung, b6i r6i,
Iu6ng cu6ng
• at any rate • b~t ki gia nao
• at fault • c616i
• at first sight • ngay tir cai nhin ctAu tien
• at first • d~u tien
AT • at last • cuoicung
• at least • t6i thi~u
• at once • ngay l?p t(rc
• at present/ the moment • hi~n t~i, bay gio·

• at risk • dang g~p nguy hi~m

• at the end of • acuoi
• at the same time • cungluc

WE UP 1136
 at times ~ thinh thoimg
by accident = by chance = v6 tinh
by mistake
Ill by cheque ~ bing sec, ngan phiSu
by far Ill dSn thai di~m m1y
BY
Ill by oneself * m<)tminh
~ by the way ~ nhan ti~n
day by day Ill ngay qua ngay
~ little by little Ill d~n d~n
® for a while m<)t h!c, m<)t lat
(II for ages = for a long time (II da lau r&i
for ever Ill maimai
*
• for fear of Ill lo SQ'
FOR ® . for instance = for example Ill vi d\1
Iii for sale (II c6 s~n d~ ban
Iii for one's sake Ill vi lqi ich cua ai
for the time being Ill trong h!c nay, trong thai
di~m hi~n nay
Ill in a huny Ill v<)ivang,h6iha
Ill in a nutshell Ill t6m l~i
Ill in advance t\1 tnr&c
t\1 in all t\1 tong c<)ng
Ill in cash t\1 bing ti~n m~t
• in charge of Ill chiu trach nhi~m, phv trach
Ill in common Ill c6 diSm chung, gi6ng
Ill in danger Ill dang g~p nguy hi~m
IN Ill in debt Ill nq nan
Ill in fact tren tlwc tS, thvc tS la
in favor of • c6 thi~n cam v&i, ung h<)
Ill in general t\1 n6ichung
in good health trong tinh tr~ng t6t
in good/ bad mood • dang vui/ bu&n
in one word Ill n6i t6m l~i
• in other words t\1 n6i each khac
t\1 in particular t\1 n6i rieng

WE UP 1137
 • in private • rieng,riengtu
• in public • c6ng khai, c6ng c<)ng
• in short/ in brief • tom l~i
• in stock 0 con himg
• in tears • dang kh6c
• in time • kip gia
• on a diet • dang an kieng
• on and off • thinh thoang
• on average 0 trung binh
• on behalf of • thay m~t cho
• on business • di c6ng tac
• on duty • dang lam nhi~m vv
• on fire • dang chay
• on foot • b~ng chfm
ON • on one's own • m<)t minh
• on purpose • c6 tinh
• on sale • giam gia
• on strike • dinh c6ng
• on the contrary to • tuang phl:'m v&i
• on the other hand • m~t khac

• on the verge of • dang d(rng ben ba/ s~p st:ra

• on time • dimg gia
• on trial • dang thu nghi~m
• out of breath • th& kh6ng ra hai
• out of control • vuqt ngoai t~m kiSm soat
• out of date • I6i thai
h~t ti~n

OUT OF
..
• out of money
out of order
•
• hu,h6ng
• out of reach • ngoai tam v&i
• out of sight/ out of mind • xa m~t each long
• out of stock • h~t hang
• out of the question • kh6ng th6 xay ra
• out of work • thAt nghi~p
M<)TSO • from time to time • thinh thoang
cAu • from now on • k~ t1r gia tr& di

WE UP 1138
 TRUC under control
~ under no circumstance
~ under pressure
• under repair
• with regard to
~ with a view to
dang duqc ki€m soat
trong b~t ki tm(mg hqp n~10
cling khong
~ chiu ap 1\rc
• dang duqc sua chua
~ vS m~t (m1o d6), vS v~n dS
v&i mvc dich

PRACTICE
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
1. My father wakes up _ _ 6 o'clock _ _ the morning.
A. in/ in B. at/ in C. at/ at D. in/ on
2. My close friend and I haven't met each other ___ ages.
A. with B. since C. for D. by
3. Thousands of people were ___ a concert ___ Ho Chi Minh city last week.
A. at/ in B. at/ on C. in/ in D. in/ on
4. Every day I go to school ___ bus. But today I go _ _ foot.
A. by/ by B. on/ on C. on/ with D. by/ on
5. She ought to be thoroughly ashamed ___ herself because of talking to her mother
like that.
A. of B. about C. on D. by
6. It is essential that people are aware ____ the importance of environmental
protection.
A. with B. to C. about D. of
7. Huong is not won·ied ___ living and studying in a foreign country.
A. about B. on C. at D. with
8. I didn't think Jack and Peter had anything ___, but they talked all evening.
A. on average B. by accident C. in common D. in particular
9. We arrived Paris last summer.
A. at/ in B. in/ 0 C. in/ in D. at/ 0
10. Nowadays, teenagers tend to be financially independent ___ their parents.
A. on B. of C. with D. in
*****

\VE UP 1139
 CHUYEN DE 5. DANH DQNG TirVA DQNG TirNGUYEN MAU
(GERUND AND INFINITIVE VERB)

I. DANH DQNG TiJ' (GERUND)

1. Danh dQng tir hi gi?
- Danh d{>ng ttr duqc hinh thanh b~ng each them -ing vao sau d{>ng tir.
Vi d1,1: walk- walking, visit- visiting, write- writing.
tu
- Ph1t dinh cua danh d{>ng duqc hinh thanh b~ng each them not vao tm&c V-in g.
Vi d1,1: not coming, not building
2. each dung danh d9ng tir
a. Danh il{Jng ti'r dong vai tro limz chu ngi'i':
- N€u danh d{>ng tir dong vai tro lam chu ngfr thi d{>ng tir luon chia s6 it.
Vi dl,l: Doing exercise is good for your health. (Tgp thJ d~tc rat t6t cho Sll'C khoe Clta
bgn.)
b. Danh il{Jng tii· ilirng sau m{Jt s/i i1{311g tk:
• admit (thu nh?n) • enjoy (thich thtt)
• appreciate (cam kich) • escape (tr6n khoi)
• avoid (tranh) • mind (phi~n) \

• consider (xem xet) • suggest (d~ nghi)

• deny (tu ch6i) • finish (hoan tfit)
• delay (tri hoan) • miss (bo 15')
• detest (ghe tam) • postpone (tri hoan)
• hate (ghet) Cll prevent (ngan ch~n)
• dislike (khong thich) Cll risk (li~u 1Inh)
Vf d1,1:
- I admit stealing your money. {Toi thi'ra nh(ln tlci lAy trt)m titn ctia bgn.)
- Peter suggests going to the cinema. (Peter ttJ nghi ai xem phim.)
c. Danh ii{Jng ti'r ilt'rng sau m{Jt s/i qmt tii: sau:
• be busy (b(m)
• be worth (dang)
• can't/ couldn't help (khong tid nhtn tlm;Yc)
• can't stand/ bear I face (khong thd chfu au(J'c)
• It's no good/ use (khong ctang)
• There's no point in (khong dang)
• have difficulty (in) (co kh6 khan trong van (tJ gi)
Vid1,1:

\VE UP 1140
- I can't help laughing. (T6i kh6ng tlui nhtn du9·c cuo·i)
- She is busy doing her homework. (Co 4v
dang b(ln lam bid t(lp vJ nh.c1.)
d. Danh a{Jng tL'r drlng sau giC!i tit:
Vi dv:
-She is fond of watching TV. (C6 dy thich xem TV.)
- lleam English by listening to English songs. (T6i h9c ti~ng Anh bang each nghe cdc
bid hat tdng Anh.)
e. Danh d{Jng tt't au(Jc stl· d~mg nhu m{Jt thanh phdn b6 sung y nghfa cho d{Jng tr't·
"To be"
Vi dv: My hobby is listening to music. (Sa thfch czla t6i la nghe nhgc.)
H. DQNG TU' NGUYEN MAU CO TO (TO INFINITIVE VERB- TO- V)
1. To-V dong vai tro lam chu ngii·:
Vi d\l: To learn some soft skills is very essential. (H9c m{Jt s6 kjJ nang mdm la rdt ccin
thih.)
2. To-V lam tan ngii' tn.rc ti~p sau cac d{)ng tir sau
• afford (c6 kha nang) • manage (xoay x6')
• agree (d6ng y) 113 neglect (xao nhang)
• arrange (s~p x~p) ® offer (biSu, t~ng)
• appear (boa ra la) • plan (dv kiSn)
• ask (yeu c~u) • prepare (chu~n bi)
attempt (n6 lvc) • pretend (gia va)
• choose (Iva ch9n) • promise (hua)
• claim (doi hoi) • propose (dS nghi)
• decide (quy~t djnh) • refuse (tu ch6i)
411 demand (yeu du) • seem (cove)
deserve (x(mg dang) • swear (thS)
• expect (mong dQ·i) • tend (c6 khuynh hu&ng)
• fail (thftt b~i) threaten (de do~)
• hesitate (do dv) • wait (cha)
• hope (hy VQng) • want(mu6n)
• intend (dv d}nh) @
would like (mu6n, thich)
learn (h9c) urge (thttc give)
@

Vi dv:
- Lan decides to visit her grandparents. (Lan quy~t djnh vd tham 6ng ba ngogi.)
- I would like to buy a bunch of flowers. (T6i mu6n mua m{jt b6 hoa.)

WE UP 1141
3. To-V thU'iYng dll'Q'C dung sau cac tinh tu·.
Vi d\t:
- I am glad to see you. (Toi rAt vui au(lc g(lp bgn.)
- She is happy to receive your letter. (Co ciy rdt vui khi nluJn aur)'c tlnr etta bqn.)
4. To-V du·ngsau tir d~ hoi (trir why)
Vi d1,1:
- I don't know how to play the guitar. (Toi kh6ng biit clwi guitar nlnr thi niw.)
- She isn't sure who to call now. (Co ciy khong biit phai g9i cho ai bay gio')
5. To-V dU'Q'C su dl}.ng trong cfiu true Verbs+ Object+ To-V
• advise (khuyen) • instruct (huo·ng dfin)
• allow (cho phep) • invite (mai)
• ask (hoi, yeu du) • need (dn)
• beg (du xin) • permit (cho phep)
• cause (gay ra) • prefer (thich han)
• convince (thuy8t ph\lC) • persuade (thuy8t ph\lC)
• encourage (khuySn khich) 0 remind (nh~c nha)
• forbid (dm) 0 teach (d?y)
• force (ep bu()c) • tell (noi)
• hire (thue) • urge (thuc gi1,1c)
• help (giup da) • want (mu6n)
• imagine (tu6ng tuqng) • warn (d.nh cao)
Vi d\1:
- My teacher advised me to study harder. (C6 giao ct{a t6i eta khuyen t6i nen h9c tgp
cham chi han.)
- She taught me to play the piano. (Co dy dc;y t6i clwi piano.)
III. DQNG TU NGUYEN MAU KHONG TO (BARE INFINITIVE VERB)
1. Sau cac d(lng tir khi~m khuy~t
Sau cac d()ng tir khi~m khuy~t nhu will, shall, would, should, can, could, may,
might vamust chung ta dimg d()ng tir nguyen th~ khong to.
Vi d1,1: You should watch less TV. (Bc;n nen xem TV it han.)
2. Sau cac d(}ng tu·: let, make, help, see, hear, feel, watch, notice+ Object
Vi d1,1: My mother makes me stay at home tonight. (M? t6i bJt toi 6· nha tbi nay.)
3. Sau cac cvm d()ng til': had better, would rather+ Vbare +than ... , had sooner.
Vi d1,1: You had better eat more vegetables. (T6t han Ia bc;n nen an nhiJu rau han.)
IV.LUUY
1. D6i v6i cac d()ng tir advise, recommend, allow, permit, encourage, require

WE UP 1142
 advise, recommend, allow, permit, encourage, require+ 0 +to V
advise, recommend, allow, permit, encourage, require+ V-ing
Vi d\1:
- They don't allow me to smoke here. (H9 kh6ng cho pluip t6i /nit thudc o· ddy.)
-They don't allow smoking here. (H9 kh6ng cho phep lutt thu6c o· ddy.)
2. V61 nhfrng d{}ng tir tri ghic see, hear, feel, seem.
see, hear, feel, seem+ 0 + V: chi s~r hoan tfit ctia hanh d<)ng, nghe ho?c thfiy toan b<)
sv vi~c diSn ra.
see, hear, feel, seem+ V-ing: chi S\r tiSp diSn cua himh d<)ng, ho?c khi chi ch(rng kiSn
dm;rc m<)t phfin cua hanh d<)ng.
Vi d\1:
- I saw him get on the bus. (T6i dii thdy anh 4Y len xe buyt.)
-He saw the thief breaking into his house. (Anh ta nhin thdy ke tr9m d9t nlujp vao nha
min h.)
3. V61 nhfi·ng d{}ng tir: stop, try, remember, forget, regret, mean, need
D{}ng tir + V-ing + To infinitive
stop + V-ing: dimg hanh d<)ng stop + to-V: dung l~i d~ lam gi do
dang lam
Vi dv: My daughter stopped Vi dv: I stopped to buy some
stop
crying 5 minutes ago. (Con gdi bread. (T6i dt'rng lqi dd mua it
t6i dii ng~lng kh6c t£i· 5 pluit bimh mi.)
tru6·c.)
try + V-ing: thu Em1 gi do try+ to-V: c6 g~ng linn gi do
Vi dv: I tried cooking beef rice Vf d\l: Huong tried to study hard.
try
noodles yesterday. (Toi del thu (Huo'flg eta c6 g&ng hrc tgp cham
ndupha bo ngily hom qua.) chi.)
remember + V-ing: nho· vi~c remember + to-V: nh6 vi~c chua
da xay ra r6i (trong qua khu) xay ra ho?c sap xay ra (trong
tuo·ng lai)
remember
Vi d\t: I remember seeing John Vi dv: Remember to lock the door
yesterday. (Toi nh6· Ia tlii g(jp carefully. (Nh6· kh6a ctl·a cdn
John ngay hom qua.) th(m.)
forget + v-ing: quen vi¢c da forget+ to- v: quen vi¢c chua xay
xay ra r6i (trong qua khu) ra ho?c s~p xay ra (trong tuang lai)
forget Vi dv: I forget seeing John Vi dv: Don't forget to lock the
yesterday. (T6i quen Ia tlii g(jp door carefully. (Nh6' kh6a ezra ccin
John ngcly hom qua.) thgn.)

WEUPII43
 regret + V-ing: nu6i ti~c vi~c
da xay ra r6i (trong qua khtr)
Vi dv: She regrets telling him
regret the truth. (Co Ju5i h(m vi tta n6i
S~l' th(lt vai anh.)
mean + V-ing: c6 nghia Ia
Vi d\t: This new decision will
mean
mean working overtime. (Quydt
dtnh mai nay c6 nghia Ia lam
them gio')
need + V-ing: d.n duqc (mang
nghia bi d<)ng)
need Vi dv: Our room needs
cleaning. (Phong c~{a clnlng ta
cdn dtr(JC dr,m d?p)
regret + to-V: nu6i ti~c vi~c chua,
s~p xay ra (trong tuang lai)
Vi d\1: I regret to tell you that I
won't come to your party tonight.
(Toi rdt tiic phiii n6i vai bqn dng
toi se khong ctin bii'ct ti¢c czia bqn
t6i nay.)
mean + to-V: chi d\f d!nh ho~c y
djnh
Vi d\1: I mean to stay at home
today. (Toi dtnh 6' nhit hom nay.)
need+ to-V: d.n (mang nghia chl'1
d<)ng)
Vi dv: I need to buy some food.
(Toi ccin nnw m9t s6 thzl·c {m.)

PRACTICE
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs.
1. Minh suggested (travel) to Ho Chi Minh City by plane.
2. It is difficult for my sister (speak) English, so she practices
_ _ _ _ _ _ (speak) English every day.
3. After _ _ _ _ _ _ (see) the movie, I decided (become) a doctor.
4. It is essential for you _ _ _ _ _ _ (play) sports because it can _ _ _ _ __
(help) you (keep) fit.
5. You can (boiTow) my motorbike but you must promise
_ _ _ _ _ (return) it before Wednesday.
6. My parents always encourage me (participate) in outdoor activities.
7. We are required (take) off our shoes before (step)
into a Japanese house.
8. The doctor advised my father (give) up (smoke).
9. Would you mind (turn) on the television? I need _ _ _ __
(watch) the weather forecast.
10. Don't let Jackson (drive) the car. He isn't used to - - - - -
(drive) in Vietnam.

WE UP 1144
- M~nh dS tn;mg ngfr la 1 m~nh dS ph1,1 dm;rc str d1,1ng v6i chuc nang nhu 1 tn;mg tu. Vi
v.;iy, n6 c6 thS du9·c dimg dS b6 nghia cho 1 d(mg tir, 1 tinh tir, ho~c 1 tr:;mg tir khac.
Vi d\t: She missed the bus because she got up late. (Cody bt Ia· chuydn xe blt)!t vi c6 dy
dgy mu(m.)
~ M~nh dS because she got up late b6 nghia cho dong ttr missed, giup ngucti nghe
hi~u duqc ly do co :iy 15' chuySn xe buyt.
- Cic lo~i m~nh dS tr~ng ngfr thucmg g~p:
I. M$NH DE TR4NG NG(J' CHi TH(11 GIAN (Adverbial clause of time)
M~nh d~ tr~ng ngfr chi thai gian tlmong duqc b~t d~u b~ng:
* When: khi
@
After: Sau khi
~ Before: tm6c khi
~ While: trong khi
~ Until/ Till: Cho t6i khi
0 As soon as: Ngay khi
~ Since: tir khi
~ Once: m9t khi
Vi dw When I came the station, the train had left. (Khi t6i t!Jn ga, tau tla rc}i bin.)
II. M~NH DE T~NG NG(J' NOI CHON (Adverbial clause of place)
M~nh d~ tr~ng ngfr chi nai ch6n duqc b~t d~u b~ng where (nO'i ma) va wherever (bdt
czi·noi nao), anywhere (bdt czi· tlau), everywhere (tdt cd mri nO'i).
Vi dv; She will go wherever she likes. (C6 dy se cti bdt cu· IW'i nao c6 dy thich.)
III. M~NH DE T~NG NGU Slf NHU'QNG BQ (Adve~bial clause of
concession)
1. Although/ Even though/ Though (m~c du, du)

Although/ Even though/ Though+ S + V, S + V.

In spite of/ Despite+ Noun/ V-ing, S + V.
= In spite of/ Despite + the fact that + S + V, S + V.
'
Vi d\I: Although he studied hard, he failed the exam.
~

~ In spite of/ Despite studying hard, he failed the exam.

\VE UP 1145
 7 In spite of/ Despite the fact that he studied hard, he failed the exam.
(Dtl hr;c hcmh cham chi nhtmg anh dy win thi tru·9·t.)
2. No matter: cho du

No matter+ how/ what/ who/ where+ S + V, S + V.

e No matter how= However

• No matter what = Whatever
e No matter who= Whoever
• No matter where = Wherever
Vi d1,1: No matter what you do, I will agree with you.
7 Whatever you do, I will agree with you. (Edt ki bqn lam gi, toi se a6ng y v6i bqn.)
IV. Mlj:NH DE TR.i).NG NGU CHi NGUYEN NHAN (Adverbial clause of reason)
M~nh dS tr~mg ngfr chi m\IC dfch thu6ng b~t dAu b~ng because/ since/ as (b6'i vi)

Because/ Since/ As+ S + V, S + V.

=Because of/ Due to+ Noun! V-ing, S + V.
=Because of/ Due to+ the fact that+ S + V, S + V.

Vi d\I: Because it rained heavily, I went to school late.

7 Because of heavy rain, I went to school late.
(Vi trai nnm to nen toi tli h9c mu9n.)

V. M~NH DE TR4NG NG(J' CHi Ml)C DICH (Adverbial clause of purpose)

M~nh dS tr~ng ngfr chi m1,1c dich tlm6ng b~t dAu b~ng so that ho~c in order that (eli
ma).

S 1 +VI +so that/ in order that+ S2 +will/ would I can/ could+ V2

= Sl +VI +so as I in order (for S2) +(not)+ to V2

Vi d1,1: I learn hard so that I can get the scholarship.

7 I leam hard so as to get the scholarship.
(Toi hr;c cham chi tti co thi nh(in au(Yc !we b6ng.)
VI. M~NH DE TR.i).NG NGU CHi KET QUA (Adverbial clause of result)
• M~nh dS tr~ng ngfi· chi k€t qua dung d~ chi k€t qua do hfmh d<)ng ctm m~nh d~
chinh gay ra.
e v6i du tnk so ... that: qua ... ain n6i ma
WE UP 1146
Vi dt,l: It was so dark that I couldn't see anything. (Trcti
tluiy gi.)
Vch du tnic such ... that: qua ... ctin m5i ma

Vi dv: It is such a hot day that I just want to stay at home. (Tred n6ng adn nJi ma toi
chi mu6n 6· nha.)
~ V&i therefore/ consequently/ as a result/ as a consequence: vi vqy

Vi dv: I didn't do the homework, therefore, I was punished by the teacher. (Toi aa
khong lam bai tqp vJ nhil, do d6, toi aii bt co giao phgt.)
VII. MtNH DE T~NG NGfJ' eACH THlJ'C (Adverbial clause of manner)
M~nh d~ tr~ng ngfr chi each th(rc tlmcmg b~t dfiu b~ng:
1. As if/ As though: Nhu thd lil
~ Di~u ki~n c6 th~t:
As if/As though + S + V(hi~n t~i)
Vi dv: She looks as if she is going to cry. (Cody trong nlnr thd sdp kh6c.)
~ DiSu ki~n kh6ng c6 th~t ahi~n t~i:
As if/ As though + S +were/ V(qm\ khfr)
Vi dt,1: She says as if she were an expert. (Cody n6i nhu thd minh Ia nu)t chuyen gia.)
~ DiSu ki~n kh6ng c6 th~t aqua khu:
As if/As though+ S +had+ P.P
Vi dt,l: He laughed as if he had won the lottery. (Anh ta ctu}i nlm thi minh tnlng s6.)
2. As: NI1U' lil
Vi dv: He behaved as he had been told before. (Anh dy aii CU' xu· nlut' nhtmg gi anh dy
da c1ll't;rc d(m tnr6·c.)
PRACTICE
Jl,fark the letter C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
1. It was ___ that I couldn't take my eyes off the stage.
A. so an interesting performance C. such an interesting performance
B. so interesting perfom1ance D. such interesting performance
2. ___ the shirt is very expensive, Jane decides to buy it.

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 A. In spite of B. Although C. Because D. Therefore
3. My parents started the joumey early ___ they could get there on time.
A. in order that B. in order to C. however D. though
4. Long passed the test _ _ being lazy.
A. because of B. in spite C. despite D. as if
5. I here until he comes back.
A. wait B. waited C. was waiting D. will wait
6. Ifl had much money, I would travel _ _ I like.
A. wherever B. whoever C. whatever D. however
7. _ _ _ I'm sick, I cannot come to the party.
A. Even though B. As C. Due to D. As long as
8. _ _ _ I graduate from university, I intend to work abroad.
A. Before B. Until C. After D. Since
9. Our flight to Ho Chi Minh City had to be delayed _ _ the bad weather.
A. in spite of B. so as to C. due D. because of
10. _ _Huang finishes the housework, she will go shopping.
A. As if B. When C. Although D. But

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 7.
(ARTICLES)

I. INDEFINITE ARTICLES: A/AN (m~o tu· khong xac djnh)

Dtmg "a" ho~c "an'' trn&c m<)t danh tu sd ft d~m duqc, ho~c m<)t danh tu chua duqc
d~ c~p tU trn&c.
~ M?o tLr "an" duqc dtmg tnr&c nhfrng tu· b~t d~u b~ng nguyen am, gfJm cac am u,
e, o, a, i.
Vi d\t: an uncle, an engineer, an apple, an orange, an umbrella, ...
~ M?O ttr ''a" duqc dung tru&c cac nr b~t d~u b~ng m<)t ph\1 am.
Vi dv: a doctor, a cat, a tree, a year, a fan, ...
Co nhfrng chfr cai vi€t h1 nguyen am nhung l?i dQC thimh m<)t phl,l am va ngUQ'C
l?i. Do do, b?n dn dva vao each phat am cua chu cai dung d~u danh tu dS Iva ch9n
"a" ho~c "an".
Vi dv: a university /ju:m'v3:S;:Jti/, an hour /'aug(r)/, an MP /,em 'pi:/
@ AI An duqc dung tru&c:
each dung Vidl,l

l11g danh ttr chi ngh~ nghi¢p. @ My mother is a doctor. (Mr; t6i Ia bac
si.)

•ng cac C\1111 tlr chi sd luqng.

a pair of (nu}t d6i)
a couple of (nu}t cqp)
a lot of (nhi~u)
a little, a few (m9t it)
a dozen (m9t ta)
a large number of (nhi~u)
an amount of (nhi~u)
Anr-a./ thvac. t~t"'Y\t:3-l"
• I need to buy a lot of vegetables. (T6i
cdn mua rdt nhi~u logi rau.)
• She bought a pair of shoes. (Co dy tlii
mua m9t d6i giay.)
I bmsh my teeth twice a day. (T6i
tlanh rang hai ldn m9t ngdy.)
o rli)."H /u,.Atf 1"\.rt

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II. DEFINITE ARTICLES "THE" (m~o tir xac djnh "the")
1. M~o tir xac djnh "the" dung trmrc nhu·ng danh tir duq·c nh~c toi tir lftn th(l' hai
trO' di.
Vi d\t: I bought a new bicycle. The bicycle is quite cheap.
(Toi t!ii mua m{Jt chide xe tk;p m6'i. Chide xe dgp nay kha re.)
2. M~o tir xac djnh "the" dung trmrc nhfrng danh tir Ia duy nhAt, d()c nhAt.
Vi d\t:
-The Earth (trai ttitt), the Sun (m(lt troi), the moon (m¢t trang), the world (thd giai),
the universe (vii tr~t), the Internet (internet), the environment (moi trztong).
-The Earth goes around the Sun. (Trai ttdt quay quanh m(lt tro'i.)
3. M~o tir xac djnh "the" dung tru&c s6 tht'r tl}'·
Vi dv: the first (tln'e nhdt), the last (cu6i cimg), the second (tln'e hai), the only (duy nhcit)
4. M~o tir xac djnh "the" dt.fng tru·&c m()t danh tir dU'Q'C xac djnh b~ng m()t Cl}ID
tit· ho~c m()t m~nh d~.
Vi dv: I met the man who is a very famous singer. (Toi eta g(jp m(Jt nguai &In ong la
m(Jt ca sf rdt nbi tidng.)
5. Dung "the" v&i danh tir sb it d~ tll'Q'Ilg trung cho m()t nhom d()ng v~t ho~c dfi
v~t.
Vf d\1: The whale is in danger of becoming extinct (Cit voi dang trong nguy co· tuy¢t
clnlng.)
6. M~o til' xac djnh "the" dung truo·c tinh tir d~ t~o thanh danh tit· chi ngll'Oi 0'
d~ng s6 nhi~u.
Vf dv:
- The old (nguai cao tubi), the young (ngzrai tre tubi), the rich (nguo·i giiw), the
disabled (nguai khuydt t(tt).
- Nowadays, the old often live in nursing home. (Ngay nay, ngzrai ~ia thuo'llg s6ng
trong vi?n dufmg tao.)
7. M~o tu· xac djnh "the" dung trU'O'C ten cua cac dja di~m cong c()ng.
Vi d\t: the cinema (rgp chidu phim), the zoo (sa thu), the post office (buu ai¢n), the
airport (san ba;1.
8. M~o til' xac djnh "the" dung tru&c tinh tu· so sanh bon nhAt va so sanh kep.
Vi d\t:
-This is the highest building in our city. (Day la toa nha cao nhdt trong thanh ph6 czia
cluing toi.)
-The more books you read, the more you know. (Bgn dmg tl9c.nhi~u sach, bgn cimg
bidt nhi~u.)

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9. til' xac "the" trrro·c ten cua sa m~c,
nui...
Vi dw The Red Sea (Bdn Do), The Sahara (sa mqc Sahara), The Himalayas (Day mii
Himalaya), The Pacific (Thai Binh Duong).
10. M~o til' xac djnh "the" dung trmrc ten cua mqt sA quAe gia
-The United States of America (the USA)/ The United States (the US): H9p Clning
qu6cHoaKi
-The United Kingdom (the UK): Vuong quJc Anh
-The Philippines: Nuac Phi-lip-pin
11. M~w til' xac djnh "the" dung trrr&c ten cua cac t6 chu·c.
Vi dv: the UN (Lietz Hi¢p Qu6c), the WTO (TJ clui·c Thu:ong nu;ti Th~ gio·i), the WHO
(T6 chuc Y d Th~ gio·i).
12. "The" dung trrro·c danh tu· chi ten rieng o· d~ng sA nhi~u d~ chi ca gia dinh nha
hq.
Vf dv: The Greens are having lunch. (Gia ainh Greens clang an trua.)
13. IVI~o til' xac djnh "the" dung trrr&c danh tir chi phrrong hrro·ng, cac bu6i trong
ngay.
Vi d1,1:
-In the morning (budi simg), in the afternoon (bu6i trua), in the evening (bu6i t6i)
- The Sun rises in the east. (M(lt tn}i m9c a· ttJng aong.)
14. Dung "the" n~u ta nh~c d~n mqt dfa di&m niw do nhU'ng khong du·crc su: dl}ng
v&i dung chll'c nang.
Vi dt,t:
-Yesterday my mother went to the school to pick me up. (Hom qua mr; toi a~n trucmg
don toi.)
- Phong went to the hospital to visit me. (Phong d~n b¢nh vi¢n tham toi.)
15. IVI~o tu· xac djnh "the" dung du·ng trrro·c: danh tir +of+ danh tu·
Vf dv: Hung Yen is in the north of Vietnam. (Hung Yen n&m aphia bdc cua Vi¢t Nam.)
16. IVl~o tit· xac djnh "the" dung trrro·c ten cua cac lo~i nh~c Cl} (nhu·ng phai du·ng
sau dqng tir "play")
Vi d\l: \Vhen did you play the piano? (Bgn clwipiano khi niw?)
III. cAc TRUONG KHONG DUNG M~O TU
Khong Stl' chmg mqo tt'r trong cac truimg h9P sau:
1. TrU'O'C ten mon hQC ho~c mon th~ thao.
Vi d\t:
- English is my favorite subject. (Ti~ng Anh Ia man h9c yeu thich czia toi.}
-Do you like playing soccer? (Bqn co thich chO'i bong ad khong?)

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2. TrU'<l'e ten quAe gia (trir nhiing quAe gia li~t ke 0' mqe 10 ben tren), chau h,te,
ten niii, hfi, dU'«rng phA.
Vidv:
-I wish to travel to Korea in the future. {Toi mu6n tfi du Itch ttin Hem Qu6c trong tum1g
lai.)
-Can you name 5 countries in Europe? (Bqn c6 tid !d ten 5 qu6c gia iJ chau Au khong?)
3. Tru·o·e danh tir triru tU'Q'ng
Vidv:
- Death (cai ch~t), love (tinh yeu), health (sue kh6e ), etc.
- Do you believe in life after death? (Bqn c6 tin vcw cu(jc s6ng sau khi chit?)
4. TrU'«re eae danh tir chi mau si\e, bii'a an, mon an, th(rc an.
Vi d\1:
-We have rice and fish for dinner. (Cintng toi an com va ca cho bfra t6i.)
- Red and white' make pink. (Mau do va tdng tqo nen mcut !u5ng.)
5. Sau tinh tir sO' hii'u hoijc sau danh tir 0' sO' hfru each.
Vi dv:
-My sister, chu khong n6i my tfie friend.
-Nancy's mother= the mother of Nancy (Mt( ctm Nancy)
6. TrU'«Ye ten ciia cae phU'«mg ti~n giao thong v6i gi6i tit· "by".
Vi dv: I go to school by bus every day. (Toi tfi h9c bdng xe bu;1t nu5i ngay.)

PRACTICE
Fill in the blanks with a, an, the, 0 (zero article).
1. English is spoken all over world.
2. I often have breakfast at 7:00am and lunch at 12:00 pm.
3. I have ___ dog and _ _ cat. ___ cat is faster than ___ dog.
4. I met few Vietnamese tourists when I was in United States.
5. Do you fancy seeing films on ___ television or at ___ cinema?
6. _ _ Mount Everest is _ _ highest mountain in the world.
7. We will study _ _ Maths and _ _ English tommTow.
8. Please give me _ _ cup of _ _ coffee with __ little sugar and cream. I want
it for breakfast.
9. My daughter likes playing _ _ guitar in her __ free time.
10. There isn't __ airport near my house. _ _ nearest airport is 10 kilometers away.

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 M~nh dS quan h~ trong ti~ng Anh la m~nh dS ph\1 duqc n6i vai m~nh dS chinh bai
cac df,li ttr quan 'h~ ho~c trf,lng tu quan h~, dtmg sau danh ill/ df,li tu \'a b6 nghia cho
danh tu/ d?i nr do. Chuc nang cua m~nh d~ quan M gi6ng nhu m<)t tinh tu, do v~y no
con duqc gQi la m~nh dS tinh ngfr.
Vi dv: The man who is talking is my brother. (Nguai dim 6ng dang noi chuy¢n Ia anh
trai toi.)
II. D~I QUAN
1. Who
Chtrc nang:
e Dung d~ thay thS cho danh tu chi nguoi.
e Lam chu ngfr ho~c tan ngfr trong m~nh dS quan h~.
Vi d1,1:
- The girl who is standing next to your sister is Linh. (C6 gai dang dting cqnh em gai
ala bqn fa Lin h.)
- The man who we met at school is our English teacher. (Ngtu}i dan 6ng mel cluing t6i
gijp a· truong ld giiw vien tidng Anh Clla chtlng t6i.)
2. Whom
Chuc nang:
~ Dung d~ thay thS cho danh ill chi nguoi.
e Lam tan ngfr trong m~nh d~ quan h~.
Vi d1,1: That is the girl whom we are talking about. (D6 la c6 gai 1na cluing ta dang n6i
ttdn.)
3. \Vhich
Chuc nang:
~ Dung dS thay th~ cho danh tu chi v~t.
~ Lam chtr ngfr ho~c tan ngfr trong m~nh d~ quan h~.
Vi d1,1:
- The bike which my parents bought yesterday is very expensive. (Chide xe tlqp ma
hom qua b6 11l? t6i nnta nit alit.)
- The book which is on the table is mine. (Cu6n sach trb1 bdn ld ctla t6i.)
4. That
Chtrc nang:
~ Dtmg d€ thay th~ cho danh ill chi v~t, ho~c C\lm danh ttr g6m ca ngueri va v~t.

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 • Thucmg dung sau ciic d~i tir b~t djnh, d~i tir pht1 djnh, d~i ur chi s6 luqng: no
one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anything, anybody, someone, something,
somebody, all, some, any, little, none.
• Bung sau danh tir d~ !fun chtt ngu ho~c Hln ngu trong m~nh dS quan h~.
Vi dl,l:
- The letter that we received this morning has no stamps. (Btrc thu ma clnlng t6i nh(in
du()'c simg nay kh6ng co tem.)
- The girl that is wearing the black T -shirt is my friend. (Co gid m(tc ao ph6ng cten Ia
bqn czia toi.)
- I saw Long and his dog that were walking in the park. (Toi nhin thciy Long vel con
cho ci(a anh dy dang di dc;o trong c6ng vien.)
5. Whose
Chuc nang:
• Thay th~ cho tinh ru s& huu ho~c s& hu·u each tnr6'c danh tir.
• B1rng sau danh tir chi nguai ho~c v~t va sau Whose la 1 danh tir.
Vi dv: The child whose parents are not here is crying. (Dlt'a tre rna cha mf} Clta no
khong 6· tidy dang khoc.)
III. T~NG TU QUAN H~
1. When
Chtrc nang:
• La tr~ng tir quan h~ chi thai gian, dtrng sau danh tu chi thai gian.
• when = on/ in/ at + which
Vi dl,l: Do you remember the day when we met each other? (Bqn co nh& ngay ma clning
ta g(tp nhau khong?)
2. Where
Chuc nang:
• La tr~ng tir quan h~ chi nai ch6n, dung sau danh tir chi nai ch6n.
• where = on/ in/ at + which
Vi d\1: This is the place where I first met Huang. (EJdy la nai ma ldn ctdu tien toi g(tp
Huang.)
3.Why
Chtrc nang:
• La tr~ng tir quan h~ chili do, d1rng sau "the reason"
• why = for which
Vi dv: I don't know the reason why Linh came so late. (T6i khong biit lido tqi sao
Linh lqi din mu(Jn nhu v(ly.)

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 quan xac
M¢nh d~ quan h¢ xac djnh h\ m¢nh d~ cung dp thong tin cAn thi~t, b~t bu9c
phai co dS xac dinh danh tt:r dung tnrac m¢nh d~ do.
Khong th~ luqc b6 m¢nh d~ quan h~ xac djnh, n~u b6 di thi diu khong ro rimg
v~ nghTa.
• Co th~ dung vai tftt ca cac d1;1i tu quan h¢: who, whom, whose, which va that.
Trong m¢nh d~ quan h¢ xac djnh, d1;1i tu quan h¢ h\m tan ngfr c6 th~ duqc b6
di.
Vi dv:
-Mr. Tuan is the teacher (whom) I admire vety much.
(Thliy TuAn nguiYi thdy ma em v6 dmg nguang m().)
- The book (that/ which) I have bought is very special.
(Cu6n sach ma toi tta mua rAt age bi?t.)
- Do you know how to use the laptop which is over there?
(Bgn c6 bi~t each si'r d{mg may tfnh xdch tay akia kh6ng?)
2. Non-defining Relative Clauses (M~nh d~ quan h~ khong xac djnh)
• M¢nh d~ quan h~ kh6ng xac djnh la m~nh d~ cung cftp them thong tin vS m9t
nguai, m9t v~t ho~c m9t S!J vi~c da duqc xac djnh.
• MQnh d~ khong xac djnh la m~nh d~ kh6ng nhftt thi~t phai co trong diu, khong
co n6 diu v~n dtl nghla.
• MQnh d~ quan h¢ khong xac dinh duqc Stt d\mg khi danh ttr la danh tu xac
dinh va duqc ngfm each vo·i m~nh d~ chfnh b~ng m9t ho~c hai dftu ph~y.
* Cach nh(in biit MDQH khimg xac tljnh
• Khi danh tu ma f\O b6 ngh1a la m9t danh tu rieng (ten nguai, dia di~m, ... )
$ Khi danh tlr ma n6 b6 nghla di cung vai m9t tinh ttl' SCr hfru (my, his, her,
their, its, our)
Khi danh tu ma n6 b6 nghTa la m9t danh ttr di vai this, that, these, those.
Vi dv;
- Hanoi, which is the capital city of Vietnam, is very famous.
(Ha N()i, Ia tlui tl6 ctia Vi?t Nam, rdt n6i ti~ng.)
-I met my old friend, who is now a doctor in Bach Mai Hospital.
(T6i g(ip lgi ngu&i bgn eft, hi?n lil bac si B?nh vi?n Bgch Mai.)
V. DE.QUAN GQN
1. Su· d\mg hi~n t~i ph an tir (V~in g)
~ Khi d~i tu quan h~ ta chu ngfr cua m~nh dS chu d9ng, chung ta luqc b6 d1;1i rir

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 quan h~, trq d9ng tu va chuy~n d9ng ttr v~ d~ng v-in g.
Vi d\1: The girl who is standing next to your sister is Linh.
-7 The girl standing next to your sister is Linh.
(Co gai aang at'rng cgnh em gai cua bqn Ia Linh.)
2. Sir dl}ng qua khu: phan tir (past participle)
• Khi d~i tu quan h~ la chu ngfr ella m~nh d~ bi d9ng, ch(mg ta hrqc bo d~i tir
quan h~, trq d9ng tLr va chuy~n d9ng tir v~ d~ng qua khu phan tir.
Vi d\1: My family live in the house which was built in 1998.
7 My family live in the house built in 1998.
{Gia ainh toi s6ng trong ngoi nha au(Jc xay d~rng vao nam 1998.)
3. Sir dt.mg to-infinitive
• Khi d~i tu quan h~ thay th€ cho cac tu c6 chua s6 thu tv nhu: first, second,
next, third ... last, only va so sanh nhat.
Vi d\1: Linda was the first person that got the news.
7 Linda was the first person to get the news.
{Linda la ngu(J'i adu tien nlu]n (ftr9'C tin nity.)
4. Sir dl}ng cvm danh til:
• Khi d~i rir quan h~ theo sau beri to be va danh tir/qun danh tir, ch(mg ta lU'Q'C
bo d~i mquan h~ va to be.
Vi d\1: Mrs. Linh, who is a very clever and beautiful woman, is my aunt.
7 Mrs. Linh, a very clever and beautiful woman, is my aunt.
(Ba Linh, Ia m9t nguoi ph{i nu· nit kheo leo vit xinh ar;p, lit di etta toi.)
5. Tru·irng hQ'p ngii· gilri tir
• Khi gi6·i madfiu k€t hqp v6i danh tir theo sau 7 Bo d~i tir quan h~ va to be
Vi d\1: The phone which is on the table is ringing.
7 The phone on the table is ringing.
(Di?n thogi tren bitn aang d6 chuang.)
VI. M(>T SO LUU YVE M'¢NH DE QUAN H'¢
1. Trong van phong trang trQng, gi6i tu c6 th~ duqc d?t tru6c d~i tLr quan h~ which va
whom.
Vi dv: The pen which you are looking for is on the table.
-7 The pen for which you are looking is on the table.
(Cay but ma bgn dang tim kidm dang 6· tren ban.)
2. C6 th~ dung which thay cho ca m~nh d6 dung tm6c.
Vi d\1: You didn't come to the party, which made me sad. (B(m eta khong adn b£ra ti?c,
aiJu eta lam toi bu6n.)

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3. 01c q.nn tu chi s6 luqng some both all neither many of, none of ...
c6 thS duqc dung truac which va whose.
Vi dv: I have three brothers, all of whom are tall. (T6i c6 ba anh em trai, tdt dt ctdu
cao.)
PRACTICE
Mark the letter B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
1. Peter worked for a woman _ _ _ used to be a singer.
A. which B. whose C. whom D. who
2. That's the man ___ car was stolen last night.
A. which B. whose C. whom D. who
3. Her mother, _ _ is 50 years old, used to be a famous actress.
A. who B. that C. whom D. which
4. I want to visit Nghe An, ___ I was born.
A. where B. in which C. when D. Both A&B are
correct
5. He gave me a bunch of flowers, ___ made me surprised.
A. who B. that C. which D. whom
6. The truck driver was the only man _ _ _ after the crash.
A. to rescue B. being rescued C. to be rescued D. rescued
7. Do you see the farmers and the cattle _ _ are crossing the road?
A. who B. that C. whom D. which
8. The boy ___ you met yesterday is my close friend.
A. that B. whom C. 0 D. All are cmrect
9. April is the month ___ I was born.
A. when B. which C. where D. that
10. The man is our English teacher, _ _ comes from Australia.
A. which B. that C. who D. whom

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 CHUYEN DE 9. cAc D~NG SO SANH
(COMPARISON)

I. SO sANH BANG (Equality)

1. v 6i tinh til' va tr~ng tir
• C~u true as ... as: dung d& so sanh 2 nguai, 2 v~t e6 tinh eh~t gi d6 tuang
duang nhau.
• C~u trtte not+ as ... as: dung d& so sanh 2 nguai, 2 v~t e6 tinh eh~t gi d6 khong
tuang duang nhau.

[
Vi dv: I am as tall as my brother. (Toi cao b&ng anh trai toi.)
l
My house is not as nice as her house. (Nhit toi khong il?p b&ng nhc't c6 ciy.)
• C~u true the same... as: duqe dimg d& so sanh 2 nguai, 2 v~t c6 tinh ch~t gi
d6 tuang duang nhau.

S + V +the same+ (noun)+ as... ]

Vi dv: Your house is the same height as mine. (Nhit etta bq_n cao b&ng nhit ala t6i.)
2. V6i danh tir
a. VOi danh til· aim aU'f/C sJ nhiJu

l
Vi d\1: I have as many toys as my brother. (T6i c6 nhiJu a6 clwi nlnr anh trai ella t6i.)
b. Vo'i da11h tt'r k/tfmg aim tfll'f/C

Vi dv: She usually has as little free time as me. (Co dy tlnrimg c6 it thai gian rimh nlnr
t6i.)
II. so SANH HON v A so sANH NHAT (comparative)
1. Tinh tir ng~n va tinh tir dai
•!• Tinh tir ng&n g6m e6:
• Tinh tir e6 m{)t am ti~t:
Vi dv: short, thin, big, smatt, small, tall

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 • Tfnh ttr c6 2 am ti~t nhung k~t thuc b~ng: -y, -ow, -et
Vi d\1: happy, gentle, nanow, clever, quiet.
Tinh tu dai la nhfrng tinh nr c6 tu 2 am ti~t tra len.
Vi dv: expensive, intelligent, diligent, effective.
2. Tr~ng tir ng~n va tr~ng til' dai
•!• Tr~ng tu ng~n la tr~ng tu c6 m()t am ti~t.
Vi dv: fast, hard
•!• Tr~ng tu dai la tr~ng tu c6 hai am ti~t tra len.
Vi d\l: beautifully, quickly, kindly
3. So sanh ho·n cua tinh tir va tr~ng tir
•!• vai tfnh tir/ tr~ng ttr ng~n:

•!• vai tinh tir/ tr~ng tu dai:

Vi dw
- Dogs are bigger than cats. (Laai cho 16'11 h(m laai mea.)
- My bike is newer than your car. (Xe dgp CLta toi mo·i han xe cua bgn.)
- Lan is more intelligent than Linh. (Lan thong minlz han Linh.)
- Traveling by plane is more expensive than traveling by car. (Di chuydn b&ng may bay
ddt han di o to.)
4. So sanh nh{it ciia tinh til: va tr~ng tir
•!• V 6·i tinh tir/

•!• v ai tinh tu/ tr~ng ru dai:

Vi dv:
- Minh is the tallest student in my class. (Minh Iii hrc sinh caa nhdt lop t6i.)
- Linda got the highest score in the final examination. (Linda dgt aidm caa nhdt trang
k;> thi cubi ky.)
- My mother is the most careful person I have known. (Me; t6i hlnguc}i cdn th(ln nhcit
ma toi !Lt'llg birft.)

WE UP II 59
- This is the most beautiful place I have ever traveled. (Day !a JWi tl?p nluit ma t6i h'rng
tli.)
5. Quy t~c them -er va -est vito sau tinh tirl tn.mg til' ng~n trong so sanh hO'n va
so sanh nhftt
e Phftn Ian cac tinh tirl tr~ng tir ng~n: them -er trong so sanh hon ho?c -est trong so
sanh nh~t.
Vi dl,l:
tall- taller- the tallest
fast - faster - the fastest
0 Tinh ill/ tr~ng ill kSt thuc b~ng -y: bo -y, va them -ier trong so sanh hon ho?c -
iest trong so sanh nhftt
Vi d\t: happy- happier- the happiest
• Tinh tu/ tr~ng ill kSt tht1c b~ng -e: them -r trong so sanh han ho?c -st trong so
sanh nh~t.
Vi dl,l: simple- simpler- the simplest
• Tinh ill/ tr~ng tir kSt tht1c b~ng m<)t nguyen fun + m<)t plw am: gfip doi ph\1 am
cu6i r6i them -er trong so sanh hon ho?c -est trong so sanh nh~t.
Vi dl,l: thin - thinner - the thinnest
NOTE: cAc TiNH TU CO eACH CHUYEN SO sANH DAC BII;T
Tinh til'! Tr~ng til' So sanh hO'n So sanh nhftt
good/ well better the best
bad worse the worst
far farther/further the farthest
(chi khofmg each dja ly)
the futihest
(chi khofmg each trim tm;mg nlm
thai gian, tfim nhin)
much/many more the most
little less the least
old older/ elder the oldest (chi tu6i tac)
the eldest (chi dp b:;ic)
Vi dl,l:
- The distance between my school and my house is farther than I thought. (Khoimg
each gifi·a {l'lfO'I1g h9c Va nfuJ. toi Xa ho'll toi nghf.)
-This project requires fmiher research. (D?f an nay cdn nghien Cll'U th~m.)

\VE UP 1160
 grandfather is the oldest person in my family. (Ong toi Ia nguixi !6n tucii nluit
trong gia ainh toi.)
elder brother is a doctor. (Anh trai toi fa m(Jt bcic sl.)
III. SO (Double comparison)
1. So sanh liiy ti~n (Cimg ngay cang)
V&i tinh tir ng~n

Vi dv: It is getting darker and darker. (Trixi cang ngay cang t6i.)
e v &i tfnh tir dai

Vi dw She is more and more beautiful. (Cody ngay cang xinh a~p.)
2. So sanh tt6ng ti~n (cang ... can g)
c&u true:
The+ adj/ adv (so sanh hO'n) + S + V,
the+ adj/ adv (so sanh hon) + S + V
Vf dv:
-The more you learn, the more you know. (Bqn cang h9c nhiJu, bqn cimg bidt nhiJu.)
- The more difficult the exercises are, the more interesting they are. (Cdc bai t(ip cang
kh6 cang tlni vi)
*Lu-u y: Trong d'tu so sanh kep, nSu Hin ngfr la m()t danh tir thi ta d~t danh tir §.y ngay
sau tinh tir so sanh.
Vi dv: The more books you read, the more knowledge you can get. (Bqn cang d9c
nhiJu scich, bqn cang c6 tlu!m nhiJu kdn tln'rc.)
IV. MQT SO cAu TRUC D~C
1. So sanh g~p nhi~u lin
DS di~n ta cai gi d6 la g§.p nhiSu Jftn cai kia, ta Sll' dgng twice/ three, four times, ...
/phan sa/ phAn tram cimg v&i du true as ... as.

WE UP 1161
Vi d\l: He runs twice as fast as I do. (Anh ciy chc;y nhanh gdp Joi toi.)
2. Tir chi s6 Im;mg dung trmrc tinh tu· so sanh ho·n d~ nhAn m~nh

s + v + much/ a lot/ far/ a little/ a bit... + so sanh hon + than + ...

Vi d\1: My mother is much more careful than me. (1\1? t6i ccin th(m han t6i rdt nhi~u.)
PRACTICE
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
1. He leams _ _ _ than his elder brother does.
A. hardlier B. harder C. more hard D. the hardest
2. Your watch is much than mine.
A. more expensive B. expensive C. the most expensive D. expensive as
3. This is dish I've ever tasted.
A. as delicious as B. much delicious C. the most delicious D. more delicious
4. The faster Mr. John walks, _ __
A. the tired he gets B. he gets more tired
C. the more tired he gets C. the most tired he gets
5. This girl is of the two girls over there.
A. the most beautiful B. more beautiful C. the beautifulest D. beautifuler
6. Linda dances than Lisa.
A. more graceful B. the most graceful
C. more gracefully D. the most gracefully
7. In the party, Jackson ate twice ___ Jim.
A. as many cakes as B. more cakes than
C. much cakes as D. as much cakes as
8. Because the summer is coming, it is getting _ __
A. hoter and hoter B. hotter and hotter
C. more and more hot D. the hottest
9. My sister cannot cook ___ my mother.
A. as good as B. as better as C. as well as D. well than
10. Huy speaks English _ _ among 35 students in his class.
A. the most fluent B. more fluent
C. more fluently D. the most fluently

\VE UP 1162
 I.
Cau bj d<)ng h\ cau duqc dung khi mu6n nh~n nwnh dSn d6i tuqng chju tac d<)ng
efta hanh d<)ng han Ia hanh d<)ng do.
II. cAu TRUC CAU DQNG
1. cfiu true chung va each chuy~n diu tir chu>dqng sang bi dqng
C~u true chung:

S+ be P.P + (by 0)

I
I'
Buo·c 1: Xac dinh tfm ngfr trong cau chu d<)ng (tan ngfr thucmg dung ngay sau '\
d<)ng tir chinh trong cau). I
i
Bmrc 2: Chuy~n tan ngu· Clla cau chu d<)ng thfmh chu ngfr cua cau bi d<)ng.
e Bu&c 3: D<)ng tir cua cau bi d<)ng duqc chia gi6ng vai thi ella diu chu d<)ng
I thea du true: be+ P.P.
I e Bu&c 4: Chu ngfr cua cau cln\ d<)ng duqc d~t xu6ng cu6i cau ho~c tnrac tn,mg
I tu chi thai gian va co "by" d~ng truac.
\ I

Vi dv; Nick found the key.~ The key was found by Nick.
Luu )':
NSu cht\ ngfr trong cau chu d<)ng la: they, he, she, people, everyone, someone,
anyone, ... ~ khong dn dua vao cau bj d<)ng thea du trt1C by 0.
NSu cau chu d<)ng co ca tn;mg ngfr chi nai ch6n va tr~ng ngfr chi tho·i gian, khi
chuySn sang cau bi d<)ng thi tuan thea quy t~c:
S +be+ P.P + d!a di~m +by 0 + thOi gian
Vi dv: This flower is watered by my father every morning. (Bong hoa nay chwc b6
t6i tucn· viw m6i budi simg.)
Tr~ng ttr each thuc du6i "ly" dung truac P.P.
Vi dv: The lesson was carefully prepared. (Bai h9c dti du·(fc chudn bi kj"J Iuong.)
N6u la nguo·i ho~c v~t tn,rc ti6p gay ra himh d<)ng thi dung by 0, nlmng gian ti6p
gay ra hanh d<)ng thi dung with 0.

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Vi d1,1: The door is opened by Jim. (Ct'ra azwc ma b()'i Jim.)
The door is opened with a key. (Cti·a aur;c ma bdng chi a kh6a.)
2. Cong thfrc chuy~n dfii diu chu dQng sang bi dQng cua cac thi
Thl Cau chu dQng Cau bj dl}ng
Hi~n t:;ti S + V/ V(s,es) + 0 S +is/ am/ are+ P.P (by 0)
dan She often cleans the floor. The floor is often cleaned.
S +is/ am/ are+ V-ing + 0 S +is/ am/ are+ being+ P.P (by
Hi~n t:;ti Minh is watering the garden. 0)
ti~p di~n The garden is being watered by
Minh.,
S +have/ has+ P.P + 0 S +have/ has+ been+ P.P +(by
Hi~n t:;ti
He has fixed the car for 3 0)
hm1n thanh
hours. The car has been fixed for 3 hours.
S + V(edN2) + 0 S +was/ were+ P.P +(by 0)
Quakhu
Nam bought a new bike A new bike was bought by Nam
dan
yesterday. yesterday.
S +was/ were+ V-ing + 0 S + was/ were + being + P .P (by
Quakhu At 8 am yesterday, Linh was 0)
tiSp di~n making a cake. At 8 am yesterday, a cake was
being made by Linh.
S + had + P .P + 0 S +had+ been + P.P +(by 0)
Qua kht:r
She had cooked dinner before Dinner had been cooked before I
hofm thanh
I came. came.
S +will+ V+O S +will+ be+ P.P +(by 0)
Tuang lai
She will finish the report The report will be finished
dan
tomon·ow. tomorrow.
S + is/ am/ are + going to + S + is/ am/ are + going to + be +
Tuang lai V+O P.P +(by 0)
gan They are going to hold the The meeting is going to be held
meeting next week. next week.
S + will + have + P .P + 0 S +will+ have+ been+ P.P +(by
Tuang lai 0)
hoan thanh He will have completed the The project will have been
project by the end of August. completed by the end of August.

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III.
1. Bj d.{)ng v6'i d.{)ng til' co hai tan ngfr
M()t s6 d()ng ttr duqc theo sau n6 b&i hai tan ngfr nlm: give, lend, send, show, buy,
make, get thi ta se c6 hai cau bj d()ng ru hai tan ngfr d6.
•!• Cau chu d()t1g:
S+V+Oi+Od
Trang d6:
Oi (indirect object): tan ngfr gian ti6p (Tan ngfr khong tr\}·c ti6p chju tac d()ng
cua d()ng ru)
@ Od (direct object): tan ngfr t[\fc ti6p (Tan ngfr tn,rc ti6p chiu tac d()ng cua d()ng
tlr)
•!• Cau bi d()ng:
" TH 1: liy tan ngfr gian tiSp len hlm cht1 ngfr trong cau bi d()ng
S + be + P .P + Od
e TH2: liy tan ngfr t[\fc tiSp len hhn chu ngfr trong cau bi d()ng:
s +be+ P.P + gim tir+ Oi
Ltru y: Dtlng "to" khi cac dong tt'r la: give, lend, semi, show; di'mg '1or" khi cac dong
t£'t·lit: buy, make, get.
Vi dv:
- He gave me a present. (Anh ay eta tqng toi mot m6n qua.)
~ I was given a present.
~ A present was given to me.
- My parents buy me a new bike. (Bb m? toi da mua cho toi mot chide xe tlc,1p m6'i.)
~ I am bought a new bike by my parents.
~ A new bike is bought for me by my parents.
2. Cau bi d{)ng voi cac d.{)ng tir chi quan di~m, y ki~n
Cac d()ng tlr chi quan di~m, y ki6n hl: say (n6i rAng), think (nghi rAng), believe (tin
rAng), report (thong bao riing), consider (xem xet riing), rumor (d6n riing), ...

\VE UP 1165
 Cau chii dc}ng Sl +VI ... + (that)+ S2 + V2
It+ be (chia theo VI)+ P.P (that)+ S2 + V2
S2 +be (chia theo VI)+ + to-inf (khi Vl va V2 ctmg thi)
Cau bi dc}ng P.P + to have + P .P (khi V 1 va V2 khac
thi)
Vi dv:
- People say that he is generous and helpful. (M9i ng[rai noi r&ng anh dy lit nguai hiw
phong va hay ghip ao)
~ It is said that he is generous and helpful.
~ He is said to be generous and helpful.
-They think that he stole an expensive car. (H9 nghf ritng anh ta afi 14v tr(jm m(jt chiic
xe hai adt tiJn.)
~ It is thought that he stole an expensive car.
~ He is thought to have stolen an expensive car.
3. Cau bj dc}ng veri "get/ have" (nhir ai do Htm gi)
S +have+ 01 (person)+ V + 02
Cau chi1 d9ng
S +get+ 01 (person)+ to V + 02
Cau bi d9ng S +have/get+ 02 + P.P (by+ 0)
Vi d\t:
- I had him fix my old bike. (Toi afi nha anh ta szra chiic xe aqp cii CLta toi.)
~ I had my old bike fixed.
- She gets her mother to prepare breakfast. (Co Ay nha 11'1? chu!m bt bira sang.)
~ She gets breakfast prepared by her mother.
4. Cau bi dc}ng veri d<}ng tir chi ghic quan see, hear, notice, feel, ...
a. cfiu true 1:
Cau chit d9ng S + see/ hear. .. + 0 + V
Cau bi d9ng S + be + seen/ heard + to V
Vi dv: I saw him play football yesterday. (Toi afi thay anh ay chai bong hom qua.)
~He was seen to play football yesterday.
b. Cfiu trtlc 2:
Cau chu d9ng S +see/ hear ... + 0 + V-ing
Cau bi d9ng S +be+ seen/ heard+ V-ing
Vi dv: I saw him playing football yesterday. (Toi aCi thay anh dy chai bong hom qua.)
~ He was seen playing football yesterday.
5. Bj dc}ng vm cau m~nh l~nh thli'c

WE UP 1166
 d\l: Open the window! (MiY cLt'(l
~ The window should be opened.
6. Bj dqng ciia MAKE va LET
a. Bi d(lng ciia MAKE
Cfm chu d(lng S+make+ 0+ V
Oiu bi d(lng S + be made + to V
Vi dv: My mother made me do all the homework. (Mt;; toi bat toi tam tdt ca cac bai t~p
v~ nha.)
~ I was made to do all the homework.
b. Bi d(lng cua LET
Cau chtt d(lng S + let+O+V
Cau bi d(lng S + be + allowed/ permitted + to V
Vi dv; My parents don't let me go out after 9 pm. (B6 mt;; t6i kh6ng cho toi di chO'i sew
9 gi(J' t6i.)
~I am not allowed to go out after 9 pm.
7. Bj dqng ciia dQng tu· NEED
Cau chu d(lng S + need + to V + 0
Cau bi d(lng S +need+ V-ing = S +need+ to be P.P
Vi dv: You need to clean the window. (Bgn ciin lam sgch cifa s6.)
~ The window needs cleaning = The window needs to be cleaned.
8. Ctiu true It's +one's +duty+ to V + 0 (trach nhi?m aia ai phai lam gi)
~ S + be + supposed + to V
Vi dv: It's your duty to wash the dishes. (Nhi?m v~t cLia bgn la ni·a bat.)
~ You are supposed to wash the dishes.
PRACTICE
Mark the letter A, B, C, or Don your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is
closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
1. Jack took the book from the desk.
A. The book is taken from the desk by Jack.
B. The book is taken by Jack from the desk.
C. The book was taken from the desk by Jack.
D. The book was taken by Jack from the desk.
2. Where do people speak English?
A. vVhere does English speak by people?

WE UPII67
 B. Where is English spoken?
C. Where is English spoke by people?
D. Where does English spoken?
3. They are going to decorate my room next week.
A. My room are going to be decorated next week.
B. My room is going to decorated next week.
C. My room next week is going to be decorated.
D. My room is going to be decorated next week.
4. He sent his secretary an email last night.
A. His secretary was sent an email last night.
B. His secretary was being sent an email last night.
C. An email was being sent to his secretmy last night.
D. An email last night was sent to his secretary.
5. They believe that Tom held the party last night.
A. It was believed that Tom held the party last night.
B. Tom was believed to hold a party last night.
C. Tom is believed to have held a pa1iy last night.
D. Tom was believed to have held a party last night.
*****

CHUYEN DE 11. L(n NOI TRl/C TIEP- GIAN TIEP

(DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH)

I. DJNH NGHiA
• Cau tn,rc tiSp (direct speech) la cau duqc dimg d~ ghi h,1i chinh xac lai n6i cua
ai d6 va duqc d~t trong d~u ngo~c kep.
Vi d~,t: My mother said: "I will cook some special dishes for dinner".
(Mti toi n6i: "M? se ndu viti m6n an a¢c bi?t cho bii'a t6i ".)
• Cau gian tiSp (reported speech) d1mg d~ ghi I~i y ct:m m<)t ai d6 rna kh6ng sir
d\mg chinh xac tlrng ru ngfr rna nguai d6 da dung.
Vi dv: My mother said that she would cook some special dishes for dinner.
(1\1{! toi n6i r&ng bit se ndu viti m6n an a¢c bi¢t cho bira t6i.)
II. eACH CHUYEN TU CAU TRT/C TIEP SANG CAU GIAN TIEP
1. B 1en
.~. aA·
01 ve:l. ng01
,...

- D6i chu ngfr va cac d~i tir nhan xung khac trong cau tn,rc tiSp cho phu hqp v6'i cau
gian tiSp mai.

\VE UP 1168
 Cau trvc ti~p Cau ghin ti~p
I He/ She
Chtt ngfr You II We/ They
We We/They
me him/ her
Tanngu you me/ us/ them
us us/ them
my his/ her
Tinh tU sa hfru your my/ our/ their
our our/ their
mine his/ hers
f)~i tir sa hfru yours mine/ ours/ theirs
ours ours/ theirs
this the/ that
D~i tu chi dinh these the/ those
2. Bi~n deli v~ thi
- Khi chuy~n u'r cau tn,rc ti~p sang cau gi{m ti~p, ta dn lui 1 thi.
Cau trvc ti~p Cau ghin ti~p
Hi~n t~i dan Qua khtr dan
Hi~n t~i tiSp dien Qua kh1r tiep dien
Hi~n t~i hoim thimh Qua khu hoim thimh
Qua khu dan Qua khu hoim thimh
Qua kh1r tiep diSn Qua khu hoim thanh tiep diSn
Tuang lai dan (wilV shall) Tuang lai trong qua khu (would/ should)
Tuang lai g~n (be going to V) was/ were going to V
can could
may might
must had to
needn't didn't have to
.,
3. Bi~n doi tqmg ngfr chi thOi gian va noi chAn
Cau tn,rc ti~p Cau ghin ti~p
here there
now then
ago before
today that day
tonight that night

WE UP 1169
 the next day
tomotTow the following day
the day after
the previous day
yesterday
the day before
the following + N
next+ N
the next+ N
the previous + N
last+ N
the N + before
*Lrru y: M9t so truang hqp khong the th\rc hi~nlili thi khi chuyen tir diu tnrc tiep sang
d\u gi{m ti~p.
• N~u d()ng tir tuong thu~t chia 6 thi hi~n t~;ti, khi chuy~n tir diu tr\rc ti~p sang
diu gian ti~p, d()ng tir chinh va cac tr~;tng tlr chi nai ch6n/ thai gian duqc gifr
nguyen khong d6i.
Vi d\1: He says: "I will go to the cinema."
7 He says that he will go to the cinema.
• Khi di€n ta m()t sv th~t hi~n nhien.
Vi d\t: My teacher said: "The sun rises in the east."
7 My teacher said that the sun rises in the east.
• Cau di~u ki~n lo~;ti 2, 3.
Vi d\1: Lan said to me: "Ifi were you, I wouldn't do that".
7 Lan said to me that if she were me, she wouldn't do that.
• Qua khu gia d!nh (trong wish-clause, as if/ as though)
Vi d\1: He said that: "I wish I had a lot of money".
7 He said that he wished he had a lot of money.
• Trang lai n6i tr\rc ti~p c6: could, would, should, might, used to, ought to,
would rather, had better.
Vi dv: She said to me: "You had better go to bed early".
7 She said to me that I had better go to bed early.
III. CAC D~G CAU TU'ONG THU~T THlfONG G~P TRONG TlENG ANH
1. Cau trftn thu~t
S +told (sb)/ said (to sb) +that+ M~nh d~ lui thi
Vi d\1: Linh said: "My family will go camping tomorrow".
7 Linh said that her family would go camping the next day.

WE UP 1170
 Huong said to me: to
-7 Huong asked me to listen carefully to the instructions.
3. Cau hoi Dung/ Sai (Yes/ No Questions)

S +asked/ wanted to know/ wondered(+ sb) +if/ whether+ M~nh d~ lui thi

Vf dw Lam asked me: "Do you finish your homework?"

-7 Lam asked me if I finished my homework.
4. Cau hoi vOi tu· a~ hoi (Wh-Question)
S +asked/ wanted to know/ wondered(+ sb) + Wh-word + M~nh d~ lui thi

Vi dv: Lam asked me: "How many people are there in your family?"
-7 Lam asked me how many people there were in my family.
IV. cAc D~NG CAU TU'ONG THU4T BI~T
1. Cau dim than (Exclamation)
Cau cam than tlmcmg duqc thu~t l~i bAng d(lng tu exclaim/ say that.
Vf d\I: "What a spacious garden they have!" He said.
-7 He exclaimed/ said that what a spacious garden they had.
2. Cau ghin ti~p vo·i Advice (Liri khuyen)
S + should/ had better/ ought to + V
Cau tn,~·c ti~p If I were you, I would + V
Why don't you + V?
S +advised+ sb +(not)+ to V
Cau ghin ti~p
(khuyen ai d6 nen/ kh6ng m!n liun gi)
Vi d\I: The doctor said to me: ''You should stop smoking".
-7 The doctor advised me to stop smoking.
3. Cau gh'in ti~p v6'i Promise (LO'i hu·a)
Cau trv·c ti~p S +will/ won't+ V
S +promised + (not) + to V
Cau gian ti~p S + promised + that + m~nh d~ lui thi
(lui-a se lam gi)
Vi d\1: She said: "I will be back soon".
-7 She promised to be back soon.
4. Cau gian ti~p vOi Threaten (De dqa)
S +threatened (sb) +to V/ not to V: de do~ (ai) Htm gi

WEUPII71
Vi d\t: The terrorist said to me: "I will kill you if you don't do that".
~ The terrorist threatened to kill me if I didn't do that.
5. Cau ghin ti~p vOi Suggest (LOi d~ nghi)
Shall + we + V?
Cau trl}'c ti~p Let's V
How about/ What about+ V-ing?
Why don't we+ V?
Cau ghin ti~p S +suggested+ V-ing (t!J nght cimg lam gi)
S +suggested+ that+ S +should/ shouldn't+ V
(t!J nghi ai tl6 lam gi)
Vi dv: "Let's go to the cinema." Minh said to us.
~ Minh suggested going to the cinema.
6. Cau gian ti~p voi Congratulate (Chuc mu·ng)
S +congratulated+ sb +on+ V-ing: chuc mu·ng ai vi di~u gi
Vi dv: Jerry said to Lisa: "I'm happy that you pass the examination. Congratulations!"
~ Jerry congratulated Lisa on passing the examination.
7. Cau gian ti~p vOi Accuse (Bu(}c tqi ai)
S + accused + sb + of (not) + V-ing: buqc tqi ai da lam gi
Vi d\1: "You stole my watch." She said to him.
~ She accused him of stealing her watch.
8. Cau gian ti~p vOi Admit (Thira nh~n)
S +admitted+ (not)+ V-ing: thira nh~n da lam gi
Vi dv: "I lost your keys." She said to me.
~ She admitted losing my keys.
9. Cau gian ti~p vOi Deny (Phu nh~n)
s + denied + V-ing: phu nh~n da lam gi
Vi dv: "I didn't steal your money." Peter said to me.
~ Peter denied stealing my money.
10. Cau gian ti~p vOi Apologize (Xin Ifii)
S +apologized+ to+ sb +for+ (not) V-ing: xin lBi ai vi lam (khong lam) gi
Vi d\1: "I'm sorry that I'm late." Huong said to the teacher.
~ Huong apologized to the teacher for being late.
11. Cau gian ti~p vlri Blame (Dfi lfii)
S +blamed+ sb +for+ (not) V-ing: dfi lBi ai lam gi
Vi d\1: "It's your fault. You didn't finish the assignment on time." He said to her.
~ He blamed her for not finishing the assignment on time.

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12. Cau vO'i Thank O'n)
S +thanked+ sb +for+ (not) cam O'n ai vi gi
Vi d\l: "Thank you. You have helped me so much." Lan said to Phong.
~ Lan thanked Phong for having helped her so much.
13. Cau ghin ti~p voi Criticize (Phe binh)
S +criticized+ sb +for+ (not) V-ing: phe binh ai vi~c gi
Vi dv: "You shouldn't have made a lot of mistakes." The boss said to me.
~ The boss criticized me for having made a lot of mistakes.

PRACTICE
Jlllark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
1. The policeman asked the boy _ __
A. where he lived now B. where did he live then
C. where did he live then D. where he lived then
2. She asked us what we were going to do_ __
A. the following summer B. next summer
C. the previous summer D. the summer before
3. They told her ___ about the problem.
A. to not wony B. not to worry C. not wonying D. not worry
4. My friend advised me that book.
A. not buy B. to not buy C. not to buy D. not buying
5. The boy suggested out for a walk.
A. going B. go C. to go D. gone
6. Jackson Linda on passing the final examination.
A. accused B. apologized C. congratulated D. criticized
7. Hemy says that he often ___ his mother with housework.
A. helps B. helped C. has helped D. had helped
8. Minh said to his friend that he the novel three times.
A. has read B. read C. was reading D. had read
9. Michael apologized to Maty her bicycle.
A. on having damaged B. for having damaged
C. of having damaged D. with having damaged
10. My mother wondered whether I ___ the letter to my friend the day before.
A. sent B. had sent C. would send D. was sending
*****

WE UP 1!73
 CHUYEN DE 12. CAU DIEU KI~N
(CONDITIONAL SENTENCES)

I. D{NH NGHiA
Cau di6u ki~n dung d~ neu len m9t gia thiSt v6 m9t S\f vi~c, rna S\f vi~c d6 chi c6
th~ xay ra khi di~u ki9n duqc n6i dSn xay ra. Cau di~u ki9n g6m c6 hai ph~n:
• M~nh d~ neu len di~u ki~n (con gQi lit m~nh d~ IF) la m~nh d~ pht]. hay m~nh
d~ di~u ki~n.
• M~nh d~ neu len kSt qua la m~nh d~ chinh.
Vi d\l: If I come, I will call you. (If I come la m~nh d~ di~u ki~n va I will call you la
m~nh d6 chinh).
II. cAc LO~I CAU HIEU KI~N
l. Can di~u ki~n lo~i 1 (Cau di~u ki~n co th~t 0' hi~n t~i ho~c trrong lai)
- Cau di~u ki~n lo~i 1 dung d~ di6n ta tinh hu6ng c6 th~ xay ra a hi~n t~i ho~c tuang
lai.

If+ S + V (hi~n t~i don), S +will/ can/ may+ V

If+ S + V (hi~n t~i don), V/ don't V + ...

Vi d\1:
-Ifit rains, we will stay at home. (Ntu trai mua, chtlng t6i sea nha.)
-If you change your mind, please call me. (N~u bc;n nen thay ctJi y afnh etta minh, xin
vui long g9i cho t6i.)
2. Can di~u ki~n lo~i 2 (Can di~u ki~n khong co th~t o· hi~n t~i)
- Cau di~u ki~n lo~i 2 dung d~ di6n ta tinh hu6ng khong c6 th~t ho~c khong th~ xay ra
trong hi9n t~i ho~c tuong lai.

If+ S + V (qua khu· don), S +would/ could/ might+ V

Vi d\l: If Linh had a camera, she could take some photos.

Luuy:
• were thuemg duqc dung thay thS cho was (v6i cac chLl tir I, he, she, it) trong
m~nh d~ If.
• C~u true If I were you, S + would/ could/ might + V tlmemg duqc dimg d~
dua ra lai khuyen.
Vi d\l: If! were you, I wouldn't lend him money. (N~u t6i Ia bgn, t6i se kh6ng cho anh
ta vay tiJn.)

WE UP 1174
3. Can di~u lo~i 3 (Cau khong co o·
- Cau di6u ki~n lo~i 3 dtmg d~ diSn ta tinh hu6ng kh6ng c6 th~t ho~c khong th~ xay ra
trong qua kh1r.

Vi dv: Ifl had come to the party yesterday, she would have been very happy. hom
qua toi adn d~r ti¢c chdc cody tlfi rdt vui r6i.)
4. Can di~u ki~n lo~i 0
- Cau diSu ki~n m\y diSn ta m()t th6i quen, m()t hanh d()ng thuerng xuyen xay ra, ho~c
di~n ta m()t sv th~t hiSn nhien, m()t k8t qua t~t y8u xay ra.

Vi d\l: If you eat too much, you put on weight. (Niu bc;m an qua nhidu, b(ln se tang
can.)
5. Can di~u ki~n h6n hQ'P
• Khi di~n ta m()t diSu ki~n kh6ng c6 thp·c a hi~n t~i va k~t qua kh6ng c6 thvc a
trong qua kh1r ta dung kSt hqp lo(,li 2 (vs cti6u ki~n) va lo?i 3 (vs kSt qua).

Vi d\l: If I didn't go to school today, I would have gone on holiday with my parents
yesterday. (Niu hom nay toi khong tfi h9c thi hom qua toi tffi au9·c cfi du ljch dmg bd
mf! r6i.)
~ Khi diSn ta m()t di~u ki~n khong c6 thvc atrong qua kh(r va kSt qua khong c6 tlwc
a· hi~n t~i ta dung kSt hqp lo?i 3 (vs ctisu ki~n) va lo?i 2 (vs kSt qua)

Vi dv: If I had had lunch, I wouldn't be hungry now. {Niu toi an trua thi bay gio· toi
eta khong a6i.)
HI. SO D4T
1. Unless = If... not (Trir phi, n~u ... khong)
Vi dw If you don't study hard, you will fail the exam. (Niu bc;m kh6ng h9c t(tp cham
c/u~ b(ln se tnwt f..y tin)
~ Unless you study hard, you will fail the exam.

\VE UP 1175
2. Trong cau di~u ki~n co th~t, co th~ xay rata co th~ thay if= when (khi)/ suppose/
supposing (gia su· nhU'), in case (trong trU'img hQ'P), even if (ngay ca khi, cho du),
as long as (mi~n Ia), so long as (mi~n Ia), provided (that), on condition (that) (mi~n
Ia, v6'i di~u ki~n Ia).
Vi dv: The party will be held as long as it doesn't rain. (Etta ti¢c se dtr(J'C t6 clni·c miln
Ia trai khong nnm.)
IV. DAO NGif CUA CAU Dntu KitN
Cau di~u ki~n cAu true
Should+ S + V, S +will +V
Lo~i 1 Vi dv: Should it not rain, we will go camping. (N~u trai kh6ng
mua, cluing t6i se ai c&m trqi.)
Were+ S +to V, S +would+ V
Lo~i 2 Vi dv: Were you to study hard, you would pass the exam. (N~u
bqn lu;c tqp cham chi, bqn dii aJ ky thi.)
Had+ S + P.P, S +would have+ P.P
Lo~i 3 Vi d\J: Had you driven carefully, the accident would not have
happened. (N~u bqn !Gi xe cdn thgn, tai nqn se kh6ng xay ra.)

PRACTICE
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
1. If he ___ carefully, they will understand the lesson.
A. listened B. listens C. will listen D. had 1istened
2. Angela would stay longer in Vietnam if she more time.
A. had B. has C. will have D. had had
3. You _ _ the baby up if you don't keep silent.
A. would wake B. wake C. would have woken D. will wake
4. You if you had done your homework.
A. wouldn't be punished B. wouldn't have punished
C. wouldn't have been punished D. will be punished
5. Were I _ _ 10 centimeters taller, I would play volleyball.
A. am B. be C. being D. to be
6. If she hadn't bought the expensive smartphone yesterday, she _ _ a lot of money
now.
A. would have B. would have had C. will have D. has
7. _ _ I am sick, I will hang out with my friends this aftemoon.
A. If B. Unless C. As long as D. In case

\VE UP 1176
 8. Had I met Lisa yesterday, I ___ her a bunch of flowers.

9. You can use my motorbike provided that you _ _ to return it by lunchtime.

I 0. Should you obey the traffic rules, the accidents _ __

*****

I.
Cau u&c la cau th~ hi¢n mong mu6n, u&c mu6n cua ai d6 v~ m<)t vi¢c trong tuang
lai, a hi¢n t~i hay v~ m<)t di~u trong qua khu.
Vi d\1: I wish I had a lot of money. (Toi lto·c toi c6 nhiJu tiJn.)
n. cAc LO~I CAU UOC
1. Cau mrc tuong lai
tjl Cau u&c tuang lai duqc su d\mg dS th~ hi¢n mong u6·c m<)t vi¢c nao d6 se xay ra
ho?c m<)t di~u gi d6 t6t d~p trong tuang lai.
tjl C~u tnk:
/-------------------------------~
S +wish+ S +would/could+ V
If only + S + would/could + V

Vi dw I wish I would be a teacher in the future. (Toi u:6'c rninh se la nu;Jt giao viiin trong
tuong lai.)
2. Cau m)·c hi~n t~i
tjl Cau u&c hi¢n t~i duqc su dt,mg d~ th~ hi¢n mong u&c m<)t diSu gi d6 khong c6 th~t
a hi¢n t~i ho?c gia dinh m<)t di~u trai nguqc so v&i tlwc t6.
tjl C~u tnk:

Luu y: D<)ng ttr TO BE duqc sir dllng ad~ng gia djnh each, t(rc lata chia BE= \VERE
v&i t~t ca cac chu ngfr.
Vi dll: She wishes she were rich. (Co u6·c minh giau c6.)

\VE UP 1177
3. Cau mrc qua khu·
Cau uac a qua khu dung dS di~n ta nhfrng mong uac v~ m<)t Slf vi~c kh6ng c6 th~t
aqua khtr, hay gia dinh m<)t di~u trai ngUQ'C vai SlJ vi~c xay ra aqua khtr.
Chung ta si':r d\mg cau uac a qua khtr d~ uac v~ di~u trai vai nhfrng gi xay ra trong
qua khtr, thuemg lad~ diSn ta S\f nu6i ti~c vai tinh hu6ng a qua khtr.
c§u trtlc:
S + wish + S + had + P.P
If only+ S +had+ P.P

Vi dv: Huang wishes she had gone to school yesterday. (Huang m5'c r&ng c6 dy eta ,ai
hrc ngay hom qua.)

PRACTICE
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
1. Minh always wishes he _ _ _ fluent in other languages but he only can speak
Vietnamese.
A. be B. will be C. were D. had been
2. She wishes she _ _ _ to France one day.
A. would travel B. will travel C. traveled D. had traveled
3. Mai wishes her father ___ smoking in the near future.
A. gives up B. gave up C. would give up D. had given up
4. We missed the final bus to school. If only we _ _ to the bus station earlier.
A. went B. had gone C. would go D. will go
5. If only Peter _ _ the competition next week.
A. will win B. won C. had won D. would win
6. I am under the weather. If only I ___ go to class today.
A. don't have to B. wouldn't have to C. hadn't had to D. didn't have to
7. She didn't know that the meeting was canceled. If only you __ her about that
earlier.
A. had told B. told C. tell D. would tell
8. It has been raining all day. I wish it _ _ raining now.
A. could stop B. stopped C. stops D. had stopped
9. I was very sorry for that problem. I wish I ___ that.
A. won't do B. didn't do C. hadn't done D. wouldn't do

WE UP 1178
10. The game is very boring. We wish the teacher ___ us some more interesting
activities to do.
ll ;, gave C. would giv< D. had given
*****

I. DJNH NGHiA
Cau gia djnh hay con gQi la cau du khi~n la lo?i cau d6i tuqng thu nh~t mu6n d6i
tuQ'11g thu hai lam vi~c gi. Cau gia djnh c6 tinh chAt du khi~n chu khong mang tinh ep
bu(>c nhu diu m~nh l~nh.
II. PHAN LO~I CAU GIA DJNH
1. Hi~n t~i ghi djnh
a. Dung trong m(>t s6 cau thanh ngfr/ cau cam thim dS thS hi~nm(>t ao u6'c, hi vQng
hay m(>t lai du chuc.
Vi dv: (God) Bless you! (Cinia pln't lu) cho con)
b. Dtmg sau m(>t s6 ciic d(>ng ttr dS th6 hi~n ymu6n, yeu du, d~ nghi, gqi y, ra l~nh.
Nhung d(>ng md61a: ask (doi hoi, yeu cftu), wish (u6'c), demand (doi hoi, yeu
cclu), insist (khang khang), order (ra l~nh), command (ra l~nh), suggest (dS nghj,
gqi y), recommend (gi6'i thi~u, ti~n cu), advise (khuyen nhu), decree (ra l~nh),
prefer (thich hon), request (yeu du, d~ nghi), urge (h6i thuc, thuc give), require
(yeu cclu), stipulate (quy dinh, d~t di~u ki~n), propose (d~ nghj, d~ xu~t), move
(di~u khi~n).
@ c&u tnk:

Vi dv: We urge that Linh start now. (Chung toi give Linh b~t dclu ngay.)
Lm1 y: Trong tiSng Anh- Anh, tru6·c d(>ng ttr am~nh dS 2 (d(>ng tu nguyen th~) tlmang
c6 should nhung ti~ng Anh- My thi khong.
c. Dt\ng sau m(>t s6 tinh ttr mang cac y ngh1a vS sv quan trQng va ccln thi~t:
Cac tinh tu· d6 la: important (quan trQng), necessary (dn thi€t), essential ( dn
thiSt), obligatory (b~t bu(>c), advisory (tu vAn), urgent (cfrp bach),
recommended (duqc gi6'i thi~u), required (duqc yeu du), mandatory (c6 tinh

\VE UP 1179
 ch~t b~t buoc), vital (s6ng con, quan trQng), proposed (duqc ds nghi, dv ki~n),
crucial (quy~t dinh, c6t y~u), suggested (duqc dS nghi), imperative (dp bach).
• C~u true:

It+ be (any tense)+ adj +that+ S +(not)+ V (bare)

Vi d\1: It is necessmy that you attend the meeting on time. (Di~u can thidt fa bqn phai
adn cu9c h9p ating gio')
d. Dung sau cac danh tu xu~t phat tu cac dong tu va tinh tu tren.
Vi d\I: There is a request from the director that we attend the meeting on time. (Giclm
a6c yezt cdu cluing toi ai h9p dung gio')
e. Dung sau c1,1m tlr "would rather"
St +would rather+ that S2 +(not)+ V (bare)

Vi dl,l: My mother would rather that I not go out tonight. (1\lff; toi mu6n toi khong tli
clwi t6i nay.)
2. Qua khfr gia djnh
Trang qua khu gia dinh, dong tu to be lu6n duqc chia la were.
a. D-Lmg trong diu diSu ki~n lo~i 2 d~ di~n ta mot diSu ki~n kh6ng c6 th~t ahi~n t~i
ho?c kh6ng th~ xay ra duqc a tuang lai.
C~u true:
S + V (qua khu· dO'n), S +would/ could+ V

Vi d\t: If I were you, I wouldn't lend him money. (Niu toi lit bqn, toi se khong cho anh
fa vay tiJn.)
b. Dung trong diu u&c di~n ta mot S\r vi~c kh6ng c6 thvc a hi~n t~i.
C~u true:
S +wish/ If only+ S + V (qua khfr dO'n)

Vi dl,l: If only I were rich and healthy. (Gilt nhu toi giau c6 va kh6e mr:mh.)
c. Dung trong m~u cau "would rather" d~ chi mot ao u&c d6i l~p v&i hi~n t~i.
C~u tnic:

S +would rather that+ S + V (qua khfr dO'n)

Vi dl,l: She would rather that it were spring now. (Cody u6·c r&ng bdy gic} Ia nu'ta xudn.)
d. Duqc Slr d\mg sau "as if/ as though" dS di~n ta mot diSu gi d6 la kh6ng c6 th~t
a hi~n t~i.

WE UP 1180
Vi dv: He says as if he knew me well. (Anh 4v tom nlnr tid bi~t t6i ro liim.)
e. Dung trong cfiu true "It's (about/ high) time": da dSn ltlc

Vi dv: It's high time you stopped watching TV.

~It's high time for you to stop watching TV.
(Dii adn hie bqn ngimg xern TV.)
Luu y: NSu sau: "It's (about/ high) time +II he/ she/ it" la d(>ng 1ir to be thi ta dung
was.
Vi d\t: It's about time my daughter was bought some new dresses. (Dii ain h{c con gai
toi ati'9'C mua m(lt it vay mo·i r6i.)
3. Qua khlf hoim thimh gia djnh
a. Dung trong m~nh dS diSu ki~n cua diu diSu ki~n lm,1i 3 dS di6n ta nhfrng S\r vi~c
khong c6 th~t a trong qua khu.
C~u tn1c:

Vi d\l: If I had known the truth last week, I would have told him. (Niu t6i bidt s~t th(lf,
t6i ad n6i v6·i anh dy.)
b. Dt'mg trong diu u6·c di6n hi m(>t S\r vi~c khong c6 th\rc trong qua kh(r.
C~u tr(lc:

Vi d\l: If only 1 had gone to Jim's party yesterday. (Gia nlm hom qua t6i ai d~r ti¢c Ctla
Jim.)
c. Dt'mg trong mfru diu "would rather" dS chi m(>t ao u6c vS m(>t S\f vi9c khong
xay ra trong qua kh(r.
C~u tnk:

Vi dv: She would rather that she had bought the shoes last week. (Cody U'(J'C rcing c6
dy eta mua d6i giay vao tudn tnrac.)

WE UP 1181
 d. f)uqc str dt,mg sau "as if/ as though" d€ di~n ta m<)t diSu gi d6 1::1 kh6ng c6 th?t
aqua khu.
St + V (qua khti' d011) +as if/ as though+ S2 +had+ P.P

Vi dv: She talked as though she had known everything about me. (Co dy n6i nhu thi
c6 ~Y rtfi bdt m9i tln'r vJ tdi.)
PRACTICE
Jlfark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct a11swer to each of the following
questions.
1. It is necessary that Huong ___ all her homework.
A. must complete B. complete C. completes D. completed
2. It is about time you me with the housework.
A. must help B. help C. helps D. helped
3. I wish I ___ foreign languages when I was at university.
A. study B. studied C. had studied D. have studied
4. My mother requires that I ___ video games.
A. don't play B. didn't play C. wouldn't play D. not play
5. It is urgent that Mary ___ at the office now.
A. be B. will be C. is D. was
6. Lisa would rather that Mary ___ to class yesterday.
A. went B. had gone C. goes D. was going
7. It's time for us ___ the joumey right now.
A. start B. started C. to start D. had started
8. If Jack studied well at university, he ___ a well-paid job now.
A. would get B. wi11 get C. got D. had got
9. The doctor advises that Nick ___ his teeth twice a day.
A. brushes B. brush C. had brushed D. brushed
10. I really want to go to the beach now. If only it ___ summer now.
A. is B. be C. were D. had been
*****

WE UP 1182 ,
 Sv hoa hgp gifra cbtt ngfr va d()ng tir hl each d()ng tir (V) thay d6i ti1y theo chu ngfr
(S) 6' d?ng s6 nhiSu hay s6 it hay d?ng khong d€m dugc.
Oic quy t~c CO' ban vS sv hoa hgp gifra chu ngfr va d()ng t1r:
1. Chu ngfr Ht m()t danh tu· s6 it, d~i tu· s6 it, ho~c danh tu· khong d~m dm}'c
d()ng tir chia s6 it.
Vi d\1: The baby is sleeping now. (Em be bay gicJ' dang ngtl.}
2. Chii ngfr Ia m()t danh tir s6 nhi~u ho~c d~i tu· s6 nhi~u ~ d()ng tu· s6 nhi~u.
Vi d\1: We often go camping at the weekend. (Cluing t6i tlnrang ai cdm trgi viw cu6i
tudn.)
3. Chu ngu·la m()t d~i tir bfit djnh ~ d()ng tu· chia sfi it.
Cic d?i t1r bfit djnb g6m co "everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody,
something, nobody, nothing, each, each of, every"+ N
Vi dv: Someone has just broken into my house. (Ai a6 w'ra a{Jt nh(tp vao nha t6i.)
4. Khi chu ngfr Ia V-ing ho~c to-V ~ d()ng tu· chia s6 it.
Vi dv: Doing exercise is good for your health. (T(tp thi chtc nit t6t cho sti·c khoe c~la
bgn.)
5. Chu ngu· gAm nhi~u chu th~ khac nhau va dU'Q'C nfii bo·i W~n tu· "'and"~ d()ng
tu· chia sfi nhi~u.
Vi dv: Peter and Michael work in the same company. (Peter va Michael lam vi¢c trong
ct'mg m{Jt c6ng ty.)
Luu y: Cac truo11g hgp sau thi b~t bu()c phai d1mg s6 it:
• Khi ch(mg c1mg chi m9t nguai, m9t v~t, m9t mon an hay m9t khai ni~m.
Vi dv: Bread and meat is my favorite dish. (Banh mi thjt la m6n an yeu thich etta toi.)
• Phep c<)ng.
Vi d\1: Three and four is seven. (Ba c{Jng b6n bang bay.)
6. Khi chit ngu· co du true The+ Adjective= N ~ d()ng tit· chia sfi nhi~u.
Vi d\1: The deaf are the people who cannot hear. (Nguai tttic la nlning nguai kh6ng
thd nghe aU'(J"C.j
7. Danh tir t~p hQ'P lam chu ngu·: family, committee, congress, jury, team, club,
minority, government, police, army, council, group, audience.
NSu chi v~ hanh d()ng cua t1rng thanh vien thi dung d<)ng tir s6 nhi~u, n~u chi v~ tinh
cb~t cua t~p thS do nlm m9t dan vi thi d1mg d()ng t1r s6 it.

WEUP1183
Vi dl,l:
- My family are having dinner. (Gia ffinh toi dang an t6i.)
-My family is very close-knit. (Gia dinh toi rdt gfm b6.)
8. M()t s6 danh tir k~t thuc Ia "s" nhtrng d()ng tir chia sa it
o Danh tir chi m6n hQc: Mathematics (To{m hQc), Physics (V~t ly), Politics
(Chinh tri hQc), Economics (Kinh t~ hQc), ...
• Ten cac din b~nh: Measles (s&i), rickets (coi xuong).
• Ten cac m6n thS thao: athletics (m6n di~n kinh), billiards (bi-da), checkers
(ca dam).
• Cl,lm danh tir chi ten m()t s6 qu6c gia, thanh ph6: the United States (mr6c My),
the Philippines (nu6c Phi-lip-pin).
Vi dl): Maths is a difficult subject with many students. (Man Toim !a m(;t man h9c kh6
vai nlziJu h(JC sinh.)
9. Khi chii ngfr Ia Cl}m tir chi ti~n, khoang each, kich thtr6'c, do ltrimg va thOi gian
~ d()ng tir chia sa it.
Vi d\1: Ten dollars to buy this shirt is cheap. (lV!uiYi do Ia ffi mua chide ao nity la re.)
10. Khi chu ngfr UU'Q'C nai bO'i lien tir "either ... or" (ho(ic ... ho(tc), "neither ... nor"
(kltfmg ..• cting khfmg) ho~c "not only ... but also" (khfmg nhtmg ... ma con)~ d()ng
tir chia theo chu ngfi· g~n no nhM.
Vi d\1: Neither Mary nor I am going to travel abroad. (Ca toi va Mmy ttiu kh6ng ffi du
Itch mrac ngoai.)
11. Sau none of/ either of/ neither of/ one of+ N ~ d()ng tir chia s6 it
Vi dl,l: None of my friends is good at cooking. (Kh6ng ai trong sJ bgn be czla t6i ndu
an gioi.)
12. Khi chu ngfr UU'Q'C nai voi nhau bO'i cac lien tir: as long as, as well as, with,
together with, accompanied by, along with thi d(}ng til' chia theo chu ngfr thil' nhit.
Vi dl,l:
- Mr. Michael together with his friends is cleaning the office. (Ong Michael dmg v6'i
nhfing ngzro'i bgn ctla minh ffang d9n d?p van phong.)
-Mr. Phong as well as his assistants has atTived. (Ong Phong ding nlnr cac tr9·ly czla
6ngaa ddn.)
13. Ciu true A number of (nhiiu) vii The number of (sa lm;ng)
,·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·~.

j A number of+ N (s6 nhi~u) + V (s6 nhi~u) !

. ' ' , I
The number of+ N (so nhieu) + V (so it)
Vi dv: \ .
·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·'
-A number of students are absent today. (Hom nay c6 nhiJu h9c sinh nghi h9c.)

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- The number of unemployed people is increasing. (S6 ngu(xi tluit nghi¢p ngily cilng
nhidu.)
14. true vO'i "there+ be" chia theo danh tu· sau "to be".
Vi d\I:
• There is a chair in the living room. (Co m{jt cai ghd trong phong khach.)
There are four chairs in the living room. (Co b6n dd ghd trong phong khach.)
15. Vo·i chii ngu· co "no"
{ --- -- -- --- -- ---- -~

: No+ N (s6 ft/ kh6ng d~m dugc) ~ d<)ng tir chia s6 it. 1

1 No+ N (s6 nhiSu) ~ d<)ng tir chia s6 nhiSu. :

Vi d1,1: '--------------------------------- ... '
4\\ No trees grow near the top of the mountain. (Kh6ng c6 cdy nilo m9c gdn dinh
mti.)
• No money has been invested for this project for 3 months. (Kh6ng c6 tidn ctfi
dup·c ddu tu cho d~t' an nily trong 3 thang.)
16. Khi hai danh tu· n6i vo·i nhau bing OF ~ chia d(}ng tu· theo danh tu: pbia
truO'c.
Vi d1,1: The advantage ofliving in the city is the range of shops. (L9i ich ctia vi?c s6ng
trong thimh ph6 Ia hang loqt cac ctl·a hang.)
Khi chtl ngu b~t dfm bAng Majority of, Some of, All of, Most of, Half of... ~
d<)ng ru· chia theo danh tir phia sau.
Vi d1,1:
• Some of my friends are sociable. (M{jt s6 bqn be etta t6i rdt hoa ddng.)
• Most of the information he told me is true. (Hdu hdt nhfing thong tin anh dy n6i
v6i t6i ctdu Ia s~r thr}t.)
17. V6i nbung chu ngu· chi phan s6, ph~n tram~ ta d1,ra viw danh tu· sau "of" d~
chia d(}ng tir.
Vi d~1: One third of students in my class are boys. (M{Jt phdn ba s6 h9c sinh trong lop
ctia t6i Ia con trai.)
18. Khi chu ngfr la cac danh tir nhu·: pants (quftn dai), trousers (quftn), glasses
(kinh), shorts (qu~n ng~n), shoes (giay), scissors (cai keo), pliers (cai kim), tongs
(cai k~p) ~ d(}ng tu· chi a s6 nhi~u.
Vi d\t: The pants look fashionable. (Chide qurln tr6ng th(lt tho'i trang.)
PRACTICE
Mark the letter B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
1. My father and my mother ___ happily together since they got man·ied.

WEUPII85
2. The use of credit cards instead of cash ___ rapidly in recent years.
1ave increased B. has increase< C. was incre: D. were increasing
3. Ten kilometers ___ a very long distance for them to walk.

4. Either Mary or you ___ responsible for the project.

5. Most of the sheep _ _ _ _ water in this river.

6. Learning English ___ very exciting but difficult.

7. Two third of water in this bottle _ _ by Jack.

[s drunk B. are drunk C. drink nks
8. When the police a crime, they look for evidence such as fingerprints, hair
or clothing.

9. A number of students ___ in the cooking course now.

1as enrolled B. have enrolle1 C. is enrolling ! enrolling

10. There ___ three eggs in the fridge but there ___ no butter left.

*****
CHUYEN DE 16. CAU HOI DUCH
(TAG QUESTIONS)

I. Djnh nghia
Cau hoi du6i d1mg d~ ki~m chung v~ tinh dung sai cua thong tin dugc dua ra trong
m~nh d~ chinh.
Vi d~1: He is leaming English, isn't he? (Anh Jy dang h9c tidng Anh c6 phai khong?)
II. Cdu true chung
• Cau hoi du6i g6m c6: clui ngtr va tr(J d9ng tz'r.
• Neu cau phat bi~u (statement) 6 th6 kh~ng dinh thi cau hoi du6i (tag question)
6 th~ phu dinh va ngugc l~;ti.

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HI.
1. Phin duoi cua "I am" lit "aren't I".
Vi dv: I am going to pick you up, aren't I?
2. Cau m~nh l~nh va cau yeu cAu.
C6 phfm duoi la "won't you?" khi diu phat bi~u di~n hi lai mai.
Vi dv: Take your seat, won't you?
C6 ph~n duoi h\ "will you?" khi diu phat bi~u di~n ta lai yeu du ho~c m~nh
l~nh phu dinh.
Vi dv:
- Open the window, will you?
-Don't be late, will you?
3. PhAn duoi cua cau b~t diu b~ng Let.
• "Let" trong cau rii (let's) thi cau hoi duoi se la "shall we?"
V f dv: Let's sing and dance, shall we?
• "Let" trong cau xin phep (let us! let me) thi khi thanh l~p hoi duoi se dung
"will you?"
Vi d\t: Let us use the laptop, will you?
• "Let" trong diu dS nghi giup nguai khac (let me) thi khi thanh l?p hoi duoi
se dung "may I?"
Vf dv; Let me help you do the homework, may I?
4. Chu ngu· o· m~nh d~ chinh Ia Nothing, Anything, Something, Eve1:vthing dm)'c
thay la th~ b~ng "It" 0' cau hoi duoi.
Vi dv; Evetything will be all right, won't it?
5. Chu ngfr & m~nh d~ chinh la No one, Nobody, Anyone, Anybody, Someone,
Somebody, Eve1ybody, Everyone dU'Q'C thay th~ b~ng "they" trong ciiu hoi
duoi.
Vi d\l: Someone bought the flowers, didn't they?
Luu ,:: Nothing, Nobody, No one tlur;c dimg trong m?nh aJ chfnh, tl(Jng tt'r a ciiu hoi
tluoi se phai 6' dqng thti·c khdng tltnh. (Vi Nothing, Nobody, No one c6 nghfa plni cttnh)
Vi dv: No one cleans the house, does they?
6. Chu ngu· o· m~nh d~ chinh la This/ That dm;rc thay th~ la "It" trong cau hoi
duoi.
Vi dv: This is your car, isn't it?

WEUPI187
7. Chu ngfi· 0' m~nh d~ chinh Ia These/ Those dU'Q'C thay th8 Ia "They" trong diu
hoi duOi.
Vi dt,t: Those are beautiful, aren't they?
8. Khi trong diu noi co tir phu djnh nhll': seldom, rarely, hardly, no, without,
never, few, little ... ph§n duoi phai 0' d~,mg khing d!nh.
Eg: He never eats fish, does he?
9. N~u diu phat bi~u co d~ng:
{ ~---------------------------~
I
S'd better/ had better~ diu hoi duoi se la: hadn't you? 'I
I - S'd rather IS+ would rather~ diu hoi duoi se la: wouldn't you?
I - S +used to~ diu hoi duoi se la: didn't you? 1
\ I
----------------------------~
10. It seems that+ m~nh d~ thi cau hoi duoi se phlJ. thuc}c vao ph§n m~nh d~.
Vi d\1: It seems that you are free, aren't you?
11. Dfii vO'i cau cam than, Ifiy danh tir trong diu uAi thanh d~i tir cung voi dung
is, am, are.
Vi dv: What a lovely garden, isn't it?
12. c§u true: S +think/ believe/ suppose/ figure/ assume/ fancy/ imagine/ reckon/
expect/ seem/ feel that+ m~nh d~ phlJ..
• N~u S Ia "I" ~ phfin diu hoi duoi se dva vao m~nh dS plw.
Vi d\1: I think he will come late, won't he?
Luu y: N~u m~nh dS chinh c6 not thi phfin cau hoi duoi se 6 d~ng kh~ng dinh.
Vi d\1: I don't believe she tells the truth, does she?
• N~u S khong phai Ia "I" ~ phfin cau hoi duoi se dt,ra vao m~nh dS chinh.
Vi dv: She thinks that he will come late, does she?
13. cfiu true neither ... nor (khfmg ... c1ing khong) thi diu hoi duOi la se chia o· s6
nhi~u d~ng phii dinh.
Vf dt,t: Neither Lisa nor I like fish, do we?
14. Chu tu·la m~nh d~ danh tit·, chu ngfi· trong diu hoi duoi se Ia "it".
Vi dt,t: What he said is wrong, isn't it?
PRACTICE
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
1. Your friends didn't go camping yesterday, ___?
A. did we B. didn't we C. did they D. didn't they
2. She rarely takes part in outdoor activities, ___?
A. doesn't she B. does she C. don't she D. do she

\VE UP 1188
3. That's a good idea to protect the environment,

4. What a handsome boy,

5. I supposed Peter won the competition,

6. They'd rather move to the countryside,

uldn't they B. would they C. had they D. hadn't they
7. Nobody has attended the meeting, _ __

8. Remember to lock the door carefully, _ _ ?

9. Neither she nor her parents are at home,

10. You should practice listening and speaking English,

*****
CHUYENDE 17. Cl)MD(>NG TUVA THANHNGU
(PHRASAL VERBS AND IDIOMS)

I.CVM TU (phrasal verbs)

1. Djnh nghia
Cvm d9ng ttY (Phrasal verbs) la S\1 kSt hqp gifra m<)t d9ng tu va m<)t ti8u m
(particle). Ti~u tu m'ty co th8 la m<)t tr?ng m(adverb), hay la m<)t gi&i tlr (preposition),
ho~c la ca hai.
Vi dv:
- I am looking for my wallet. {Toi dang tim vi cua minh.)
-We've come up with how to deal with the problem. (Cinlng toi dii nghl ra each gicli
quydt vein eM.)
2. Phan lo~i qun dqng tir
a. N~i ClJm tf~ng ti'l' (Intransitive phrasal verbs)
• La nhfrng cvm d9ng t-Lr kh6ng d.n tan ngfr theo sau.
@ N9i C\)111 d9ng tu g6m m<)t d<)ng tU va m<)t ti8u tU lu6n di li~n nhau.
Vi dv: Linda usually~ at 6 am to do moming exercise. (Linda tllU'img dgy ltlc 6
gio· sang ad tgp tlzd d{tC bu6i sang.)
b. Ngo(li qun il~ng tit (Transitive phrasal verbs)

WEUPI189
Ngo~i cvm d<)ng tlr h1 nhfrng qun d()ng tlr dn c6 tfm ngfr theo sau, g6m 2 loc,ti:
e Ngoc;i qan ctc}ng tt'r c6 thd tach rOi (Separable phrasal verbs): tan ngfr c6 th~
dung gifra d()ng tu va ti~u ttr.
Vi d~t: I come to her house to pick her up. = I come to her house to pick up her. (Toi
adn nha co ciy ad il6n co dy.)
• Ngoc;i qun ilc}ng tl'r khong thd tach ]'()'f (Inseparable phrasal verbs): d<)ng tu va
ti~U Ul' luon ai qnh nhau va tan ngfr Se Otrng sau Cl,llll a<)ng Ul'.
Vi dv: I agree with my mother about most things. (Toi ct6ng :v v6·i m? toi vd hdu hdt
1119i tin/')
Lmt y: C6 nhieu qnn d<)ng tu v1ra c6 th~ la transitive ho~c intransitive. C~n dva vao
ngfr canh trong diu d~ bi~t duqc ch1rc nang c1mg v&i nghTa cim chung.
Vi dv:
-The plane took off at 8 o'clock in the morning. (May bay edt canh luc 8 gic} sang.)
-He took off his shoes before entering the room. (Anh c&i giay tru6·c khi vao phong.)
3. M9t sfi Cl,IID d9ng tir thtrimg gijp
Stt Phrasal Verbs Meaning
1 account for = explain giai thich/ chi~m
2 ask for hoi xin ai cai gi
3 ask sb out mai ai d6 di chai, an
4 bear out = confirm xac nh~n
5 break down = fail/ collapse hong/ svp a6/ ng~t xiu
6 break into d<)t nh~p vao
7 break out b1mg n6, bung phat
8 break up with sb chia tay, chia lia
9 bring about lam xay ra, d~n d~n
10 bring up = raise nu6in~ng,nu6idu5ng
11 call off= cancel huybo
12 call on = visit vi~ng tham
13 calm down binh tTnh l~i sau khi vila n6i n6ng
14 carry on = continue ti~p tvc
15 carry out = execute tit!n hanh
16 catch on n6i ti~ng, duqc ua chu<)ng
17 catch up with bat kip, theo kip
18 clean sth up lau chui, dQn d~p

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19 come about xay ra, xay asn
20 come across tinh ca g~p
21 come out = appear xufit hi~n, 19 ra
22 come over = visit ghe tham
23 come up against = face duong dau, d6i m~it vai
24 come up with nghlra
25 cool (sb/ sth) off h\m ngu9i l~nh di, giam di
26 count on = depend on = rely on tr6ng c~y, d\}'a vao
27 cut down = reduce cat giam
28 differ from = not be the same kh6ng gi6ng vai
29 do away with= discard bai b6, bai mi~n
30 dress up an m~c d(fp
31 fall in love with sb yeu, phai long ai do
32 fill in dien vao, ghi vao
33 find sth out kham pha thu gi do
= discover about sth
34 get along with= get on with sth hoathu~n

35 get down to b~t dfm nghiem tile lam

36 get over = recover from vuQt qua, hoi plwc
37 get rid of sth = remove sth b6, xoa cai gi do
38 get up thuc d~y
39 give in nhugng b9, chju thua
40 give up = stop tU b6, b6
41 go after theo du6i, tan tinh
42 go away bien mat, tan di
43 go back\= return tr& l~i, tr& v~
44 go by (tho'i gian) tr6i qua
45 go down = decrease (gia ca) giam xu6ng
46 go off (chuang) reo/ (sling, bom) nd/ (thu·c an)
= ring/ explode thiu, hong
47 go on = continue tiep t\lc
48 go out mat di~n/ ra ngoai chai
49 go over = examine xem xet

\VE UP 1191
 50 go up = increase Ian len, tru6ng thimh/ (gia ca) tang
51 hold up = delay hoan l(;li, t~c nghen
52 hurry up nhanh len
53 jot down ghinhanh
= make a quick note of sth

54 keep away from= keep off tranh xa

55 keep on = continue tiep tvc
56 keep up with theo kip, b~t kip
57 knock out h(;l g\lc ai
58 let sb down khi~n ai thAt VQng
59 lie down n~m nghi
60 live up to Xlmg dfmg vai
61 look after= take care of cham s6c
62 look down on sb coi thuang
63 look for tim kiem
64 look forward to V-ing mong dqi, mong cha
65 look into xem xet, nghien ctm
66 look out coi chimg, dS y
67 look up tim, tra ctm (trong sach, tir diSn)
68 look up to sb =respect sb kfnh trQng
69 make out = understand hi€u
70 make up trang diSm/ bia d~t/ linn hoa
71 make up for den bu
72 make up one's mind quy~t dinh
73 make use of lqi d\lng, t?n d\lng
74 pass away = die ch€t, qua dai
75 put off= postpone hoan l?i
76 put on m~c (qu~n ao), mang (giay), d<)i (mfi)
77 put out d~p Hit
78 put up = build xay d\rng
79 put up with chiu d\rng
80 result in = lead to = cause gay ra
81 run out of sth het, c(;ln ki~t

WE UP 1192
 82 see off dua ti~n
83 set off= begin kh6i hfmh
84 set up = establish thfmh l~p
85 settle down on dinh cu<)c s6ng t?i m<)t ch6 m\o do
86 show off khoe khoang
87 sort sth out s~p xsp, giai quyst m9t van de
88 speak up noi to, noi th~ng
89 stand by imgh<)
90 stand for la viSt t~t cua ...
91 stand out n6i b~t
92 take after= resemble giong
93 take off c6i (quftn ao, giay, mu)/ (may bay) cftt
canh
94 take over dam nh~n trach nhi~m
= take responsible for
95 take up b~t dau m<)t sa thfch, thai quen
96 tell sth/ sb apmt phan bi~t
97 try on m~c thli (quftn ao)
98 try out tl1lr (may moe)
99 tum down = refuse tir ch6i

II. THANH NGiJ' (idioms)

1. Thanh ngfr v6i cac lo~i cu/ qua (Idioms with fruits/ vegetables)
STT Idioms Meaning
1 go banana gi~n du, n6i tr?n loi dinh
2 as cool as a cucumber (nguai) binh t1nh, di~m tinh
m<)t v~n de kho khan va gay nhi~u
3 a hot potato
tranh dii.
4 be an apple of one's eyes duqc yeu m&n, yeu thich
5 to cherry-pick Iva ch9n dn th~n
6 to be full of beans tran tre nang luqng, dfty nhi~t huy&t
7 the apple never falls far from the chi ai do thua lm611g tfnh each cua h9
tree hang, d~c bi~t la tu b6 met
8 apples and oranges khac nhau hoan toan

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 9 an apple polisher nguai njnh bq
10 a bad/ rotten apple nguaixfiu
11 salad days thai thanh xuan, tre tu6i
12 spill the beans tiSt 19 bi m~t
nguai luai bi~ng, su6t ngay chi ng6i
13 couch potato
xemTV
14 be like two peas in a pod gi6ng nhau nhu due
15 to bear fruit cho kSt qua t6t d~p

2. Thanh ngii· vOi cac con v~t (Idioms with animals)

STT Idioms Meaning
1 When pigs fly am chi m9t di~u kh6ng bao gia xay ra
2 like a fish out of water cam giac 1~ ]~m, kh6ng thoai mai
3 like water off a duck's back mr6c d6 dau vit
m9t mUi ten tnmg hai dfch; nhfit cl'r
4 kill two birds with one stone
luang ti~n
5 a night owl nguai hay th1rc khuya
6 an early bird nguai hay d~y sam
7 rain cats and dogs mua rat to
8 work like a dog lam vi~c rat cham chi
9 make a pig of oneself an qua nhi~u
10 as busy as a bee ClJC ki b~n r9n

11 get butterflies in one's stomach cam thfiy b6n ch6n

12 see pink elephants say xin
13 let the cat out of the bag tiSt 19 bi m~t
14 catch the worms n~m b~t ca h9i
u6ng nhieu ruqu, thuang xuyen u6ng
15 drink like a fish
nrqu

3. Thanh ngii· v6i mau s~c (Idioms with colors)

STT Idioms Meaning
1 in the black sinh lai, c6 lai
2 in the red nq nftn, thua 16
3 once in a blue moon hiSm khi
4 out of the blue btlt nga, btlt thinh linh ,
5 feeling blue = sad/ unhappy bu6n

WE UP 1194
 6 a red-letter day m(>t ngay may m~n, dang nha
7 in black and white ro rang
8 the black sheep (of the family) d1ra con hu
9 as white as a sheet/ghost tding b~ch, nhqt nlwt (cu nhtr sq hai
diSu gi).
10 white lie lai noi d6i v6 h[;li, noi d6i d& tranh lam
t6n thuang nguai khac
11 with flying colors xu~t s~c, vai s6 diSm cao
12 blue blood dong doi quy t(>c
13 in the pink khoe nwnh
14 have (got) green fingers gioi h\m vucm
15 a black look cai nhin gi~n dfr

4. Thanh ngfr v{ri cac bq ph~n cO' th~ (Idioms with body parts)
STT Idioms Meaning
1 know sth like the back of one's biSt 1 vi~c gi rat ro
hand
2 keep an eye on sb/ sth d~ m~t dSn ai do I cai gi do.
3 cost/ pay an arm and a leg d~tdo
4 hit the nail on the head noi chinh xac, lam chinh xac
5 have a head for sth gioi vs cai gi
6 Break a leg! Chuc may m~n!
lam vi~c eve ky cham chi, d~c bi~t la
7 work one's fingers to the bone
cac cong vi~c tay chan
8 put one's feet up thu gian
9 give sb a hand giup dO' ai do
10 have a heart of gold t6t bvng, nhan h~u
11 have a heart of stone vo cam, l[;lnh nlwt, ac d(>c
12 be all ears hao hung mu6n nghe chuy~n gi
13 make up one's mind quyet dinh
14 turn a deaf ear bo ngoai tai, lam nga
15 have a sweet tooth thich an d6 ngQt

WE UP 1195
5. Mot s6 thanh ngii· phB bi~n khac
STT Idioms Meaning
dtmg khi mu6n khuyen ai d6 nen vui
1 keep one's chin up
ve len du c6 dang g?p kh6 khan.
2 have a crush on someone thich ai d6, cam n~ng
3 over the moon Cl,l'C ky h?nh phuc va hflO htffig
4 on cloud nine r~t vui va h?nh phuc
5 to be under the weather cam th~y hai m~t trong nguai
6 hustle and bustle mio nhi~t, dong due
7 make ends meet xoay s& a€ ki€m s6ng
8 to get in hot water= be in trouble g?p kh6 khan
9 made for each other = a perfect m9t c?p xung d6i
match
10 chalk and cheese hoan toan khac bi~t
11 nine-to-five job c6ng vi~c gia hanh chinh
hoan thanh vi~c gi d6 tnr&c deadline
12 beat the clock
hay tru&c khi h€t gia, a€n h?n
13 a big cheese nguai c6 vai v€, quySn ll,l'c
14 hit the books b&t dftu hQc t~p cham chi
15 a piece of cake d~ qt

PRACTICE
Mark the letter-A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each ?fthe following
questions.
1. The average cost of a new house by five percent to $276,500.
A. has shown up B. has come up C. has turned up D. has gone up
2. Hurry up! We can't be late for this important meeting. We need to ___.
A. beat the clock B. call it a day C. make our day D. turn a deaf ear
3. Would you mind keeping _ _ on the baby when I'm away?
A. a look B. an ear C. an eye D. a care
4.lt took him a long time to ___ the shock of his wife's death.
A. come across B. get over C. keep up with D. stay away
5. I've worked my ___ to the bone but my boss is still unsatisfied.
A. fingers B. arms C. skin D. feet
6. He always ___ his uncle, who has raised and educated him for years.
A. looks up B. looks up to C. looks for D. look forward to

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7. I an old school-friend at the mall last week.

8. There are 40 students in this class but is the ___ of the teacher's eye
because she's industrious and friendly.

9. She ___ her mother because they are both careful and amicable.

10. My little sister is always full of ___; she plays for hours without getting tired
or bored.

*****

TOPIC 1. HOME LIFE

(CU0C SONG GJA DiNH)

I. TUVT/NGTRQNGTAM
1. shift (n) lfrftl ca, kip
work on a night shift Iiun vi~c ca dem
2. biologist (n) slbai'~lgd3istl nha sinh v~t hQc
3. join hands ld3::lml lhrendzl cling nhau
4. secure (adj) lsr'kjog(r)l an toan, an Him
security (n) lsr' kjogrgtil sv bao v~, sv an toan
5. willing (adj) /'wilnJI s~n sang
6. supportive of (adj) lsg'p~:trvl unghQ
support (v) lsg'p~:tl unghQ
7. close-knit (adj) l,klgos 'mtl quan h~ khfmg khit
8. mischievous (adj) /'mistfivgsl tinh nghich, nghich ngqm
mischief (n) I 'mis. tfrfl tro tinh nghich, tai quai
9. obedient to sb (adj) lg'bi:djgntl ngoan ngoan, vang lai
disobedient (adj) I, d1sg 'bi:digntl kh6ng vang 16'i
obedience (n) lg 'bi:.di.dnsl S\f nghe 16'i, S\1' Yang l6'i
obey (v) l:m'beii vang 16'i, nghe 16'i

'WE UP 1197
10. responsibility (n) /ri,sp::ms;)'bil;)ti/ tnich nhi~m
responsible for sth/ sb /n'spun.s;).b;)l/ chiu tnich nhi~m, co tn1ch
nhi~m v6i
take the responsibility to sb for sth chiu tnich nhi~m v6i ai vS di~u gi do
11. sibling (n) /' siblnJI anh chi em ru<)t
12. offspring (n) /'ufsprn]l con cai
13. parenthood (n) /'pe;)r;)nthudl b~c cham~
fatherhood (n) /'fa:o;)hudl b?c him cha
motherhood (n) l'mAo;)hudl b?c lam m~
14. extended family hk,stendid 'fa;m;)lil d1;1i gia dinh, gia dinh conhi~u th~ h~
nuclear family l,nju:klid 'fremdlil gia dinh h1;1t nhfm (chi cobb m~
va con cai)
15. breadwinner (n) l'bredwmg(r)/ ngm1i tn,1 c<)t gia dinh
16. homemaker (n) /' hgummeik;)(r)/ n<)i trQ'
17. dependent on (adj) I di 'pend;)nt/ ph\1 thu<)c
independent of (adj) I, mdi 'pend;)ntl OQC l~p
dependence (n) ld1'pend;msl SIJ phv thu<)c
dependant (n) ldr'pen.d:mtl nguai plw thu<)c
18. financial (adj) lfai'naenjall thu<)c tai chfnh
finance (n) l'fainaensl tai chinh
financier (n) lfai' nrensigl chuyen gia tai chinh
19. separate (adj/v) l'sepr;)tl rieng bi~t, d<)c I?p, rieng le
separately (adv) l'sepmtli/ rieng re, tach bi~t nhau
separation (n) I, sep;)' reiJnl sv rieng re, tach bi~t
20. attempt (n/v) /g'temptl sv cb g~ng/ cb g~ng
make attempt to V cb g~ng lam gi do
21. pressure (n) /'preJ;)(r)l ap lvc
under pressure chiu ap Iv·c
22. privilege (n) l'privglid3l d?c quy~n
privileged (adj) /' privilid3d/ co d?c quy~n, d?c lQ'i
23. collaborate (v) lka'laebsreitl cong tac
collaboration (n) /ka.laeba'reijsnl SIJ c<)ng tac
24. nurture (v) /'n3:tf;)(r)/ nuoi dm)'ng
25. domestic violence /dg'mestik 'vmgbnsl b1;1o l~rc gia dinh
26. have sth in common co cling diSm chung
27. propose to sb (v) lprg'p;)uzl du hon nguai nao
28. be/ get engaged to sb lm' ge1d3d/ dfnh hon

\VE UP 1198
 married to sb /' ma:rid/ k~t hon
birth to

I' ""

,' 1. nmiure (v) =foster (v) = nuoi duang

1
2.collaborate (v) =cooperate (v) = hqp tac, c9ng tac
3.give sb a hand= help (v) =assist (v) = giup dO'
4.get marriedJo sb =tie the knot with sb = k~t hon, cu6i ai d6
5.mend (v) =repair= sl'ra chu·a
6.suitable (adj) =appropriate (adj) =proper (adj) = phu hqp, hqp ly
suitable (adj) phit hqp, hqp 1y >< inappropriate/ improper (adj) khong phit hqp
7. depend on (v) =rely on (v) = phv thu9c
1 8. pem1ission (n) =admission (n) =acceptance (n) = sv cho phep, chAp nh~n
~ 9. care (v) =look after (v) =take care of(v) =cham soc ;
\10. take after (v) =resemble (v) = gi6ng /
' I'
~-----------------~--------------------------~
PRACTICE
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
1. It is a tradition that the young ___ the old in their family.
A. look for B. look after C. look at D. look up
2. The company should indicate a person to be nominally ___ for staff training.
A. responsible B. responsibility C. irresponsible D. response
3. In Vietnam, women and children are often the victims of violence.
A. household B. home C. family D. domestic
4. Students are often __ a lot of pressure including study and peer pressure.
A. above B. over C. under D. with
5. An increasing number of career women are becoming the ___ while their men
stay at home to care for their children.
A. breadwinner B. homemaker C. parenthood D. assistant
6. Peter has found a part-time job because he wants to be financially of his
parents.
A. dependent B. dependence C. independence D. independent
7. Our new classmate is ___ because he frequently plays tricks on other friends.
A. obedient B. caring C. mischievous D. responsible
8. Car manufacturers ought to produce vehicles that are more ___ against thieves.
A. secure B. supportive C. suitable D. confident

WE UP 1199
9. The govemment has launched a new road safety campaign in a(n) _ _ to reduce
the number of road accidents.
Jrivilege B. attempt C. permission essure
10. Parents must take the responsibility to hands to raise their children and
give them a happy home.

*****

TOPIC 2. ENTERTAINMENT AND LEISURE

(THU GIAN VA GIAI TRi)

I. Tit Vl/NG TRQNG TAM

1. spare time (n) /spegr/ /tannl thai gian n'mh r6i
2. advertisement (n) /gd' v3:tismgnt/ bai quang cao, Sl,l' quang cao
advetiise (v) I redvgtaiz I quang cao
3. recreational (adj) I, rekri 'eiJgngl/ c6 tinh ch~t giai tri, tieu khi€n
recreation (n) /,ri:kri' eifnl sg giai tri, s\r tieu khi€n
recreational activities (n) ho~t dong giai tri
4. adventure (n) /gd'venlfg(r)/ sg phieu hru, S\T m~o hiSm
adventurous (adj) /gd'ventfgrgs/ thich phieu ltru, thich m~o hi€m
adventurer (n) /gd'venlfgrg/ nguai thfch phieu ltru m~o hi€m
5. exhibition (n) /,eksi'bifn/ bu6i tri€n Uim, trung bay
exhibit (n/v) !Ig'zibit/ v?t trung bay/ tmng bay, tri€n Him
6. art gallery (n) /' a:t grelgri/ phong tmng bay ngh~ thu?t
7. indulge in sth (v) /m'dAld3/ ham me, say me
8. prevalent (adj) /'prevg}gnt/ ph6 bi~n, thinh hanh
prevalence (n) /'prevgbns/ sg ph6 bi~n, S\f thjnh hanh
9. celebrity (n) /sg'lebmti/ nguai n6i ti~ng
10. relax (v) /n'lreks/ giai tri, nghi ngai
relaxed (adj) /ri'lrekst/ thanh than, thoiti mai
relaxation (n) /,ri:lrek'seifn/ sg nghi ngai, giai tri
11. musical instrument (n) /,mju:zikl 'mstrgmgnt/ nh~c C\I
12. occupied with (adj) /'nkjupmd/ b?n ron
13. sophisticated (adj) /sg' fistikeitidl ph1rc t~p, tinh vi
sophisticate (v) /sg' fistikgt/ lam cho phuc t~p, r~c r6i
sophistication (n) /sg,fisti'keifgn/ S\r tinh vi, lam thanh ph1rc t~p

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 14. (adj) /'stA11Il]/ tuy~t VOi, lQng l~y, ~11 tm;mg
15. (n) /'mu:st~pi:s/ t;k ph~m lcm, ki~t tcic
16. time~consuming (adj) /'tann k;:msju:mnJ/ t6n thai gian
17. world-renowned (adj) /,w3:ld.n'naund/ n6i ti~ng toan th6 gi&i
renown (n) /n'naun/ danh ti6ng, ti~ng tam, S\f n6i b~t
18. depressed (adj) /di'prest/ chan min, th~t VQng
depressing (adj) /dr'presu]l lam chan nan, lam th~t v<;mg
depression (n) /dr'prefn/ sv chan min, th~t vQng
19. well-attended (adj) /,wel ~ 'tend1d/ co nhi€u nguai tham dt,r
20. spectacular (adj) /spek'trekj~l~(r)/ hung vi
21. enthusiastic (adj) /m, 8ju:zi' rest1k/ hfmg hai, nhi~t tinh
enthusiast (n) /m' 8ju:zirest/ ngrrai hang hai, ngrrai co nhi~t tinh
enthusiasm (n) /m'8ju:zirezmn/ S\r hang hai, sv nhi~t tinh
22. exhilarate (v) !Ig 'zrl~reit/ lam vui ve, lam h6 hai
exhilarating (adj) !Ig 'zil~reitn]l vui ve, h6 hai
23. photograph (n/v) /'f~utggru:f/ anh, buc anh/ ch\lP anh
photography (n) /fg 'tugr~fi/ nghS nhi6p anh, S\f Ch\lp anh
photographer (n) /f'd 'tngmf'd(r)/ nha nhi6p anh, thQ' Ch\lp anh
24. have a burning desire to V co khao khat chay bong duqc lam gi
25. let one's h~ir down thu gian, thoai mai
26. take a break (v) nghi ngai
27. carnival (n) /'ku:mvll ngay h9i
28. recommend (v) /,rekg'mend/ gi&i thi~u, gqi y
recommendation (n) I, rek~men' deifn/ S\f gi&i thi~u, gqi y
29. documentary (n) /,dnkju'mentri/ phim tai li~u
30. comedy (n) /'kmn:Jdi/ kich vui, hai kich, phim hai
comedian (n) /k:J'mi:di:Jn/ diSn vien hai
II. CAC C~P TU DONG NGHiA, TRAI NGHiA THU'ONG G~P
~-------~-------------------------------------,
I
~ '\
1 1. refreshed (adj) = reinvigorated (adj) = trrai m6'i, giau nang luqng 1
1
2. participate= join= take part in (v) = tham gia :
1
3. prevalent= widespread (adj) = ph6 bi6n, thinh hanh
4. occupied with= busy \Vith (adj) = b~n r9n
occupied>< free (adj): ranh n3i
5. be keen on= be interested in be fond of= absorb in (v) =say me, thich thu
6. sophisticated= complicated (adj) = ph1rc t?p, tinh vi
sophisticated>< simple (adj): dan gian
....
, _______ -~ ~----~--~~ - -- ---~-

WEUP 11101
 /~-----------------------------------------------,
I \1
1 7. spare time= free time (n) =leisure time= thai gian rimh r6i 1
I , I
1 8. recreation= pastime (n) = tro giai tri, tieu khien 1
: 9. attraction= allurement (n) = S\f hfrp dan, quy~n rii :
:', 10. StUnning= brilliant (adj) = tuy~t lQng l~y
_______________________________________________ ; / I
VCri;

PRACTICE
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
1. In spite of the costly ticket and bad weather, the concert was_ __
A. well-perfom1ed B. well-infonned C. well-built D. well- attended
2. As a fitness ___, Mira always encourages her friends to work out more
frequently.
A. enthusiast B. enthusiastic C. enthusiastically D. enthusiasm
3. These books are not infonnative at all. It is ___ to buy and read them.
A. stunning B. useful C. time-consuming D. relaxing
4. Peter's ___ include canoeing, sailing and swimming.
A. activities B. recreations C. relaxation D. pleasant
5. There are some hobbies that I _ _ in for a while besides walking and riding.
A. fancy B. indulge C. fond D. fascinate
6. Lisa is keen ___ shopping, but her sister is fond ___ cooking.
A. on! of B. with/ of C. on! with D. with/ with
7. Jackson is able to play saxophone, trumpet, and several other ___.
A. activities B. recreations C. exhibitions D. instruments
8. Not only is Taylor a ___ pop star, she's dappled in fashion modeling and fashion
designing as well.
A. world-renown B. world-renowned
C. world-renowning D. renown-world
9. You look so stressed. It is essential that you let your _ _ down as soon as possible.
A. hair B. head C. shoulder D. arm
l 0. The misleading ___ leads to a lot of complaints and criticism from customers.
A. attraction B. prevalence C. advetiisement D. adventure
*****

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I.
1. academic (adj) I, rek;:)' demrk/ (thu(>c) h9c vi~n, tnrcmg d?i h9c
academy (n) I;:)' kred;:)mil h9c vi~n
2. bachelor (n) /'bretfglg(r)l cir nhfm
3. curriculum (n) lkg'nkj;:)l;:)ml chuong trinh gh1ng d?y
extracurricular activities ho?t d(>ng ngo?i kh6a
4. compulsory (adj) lk0m 'pAlsgril b~t bu(>c
compel (v) lkgm'pell bu(>c phai, b~t phai, b~t bu(>c
5. degree (n) ldr' gri:/ b~ng d?i h9c va b&ng sau d?i h9c
certificate (n) Is;:) 'trfrk0tl gi.iy chung nh~n
diploma (n) ldr'pl0um0l chtmg chi, b~ng c.ip
qualification (n) l,kwnldi'kerfn/ trinh d(> chuyen mon
6. evaluation (n) h, vrelju 'erfn/ sv danh gia, sv· m.:Yc luqng
evaluate (v) h 'vreljuertl danh gia, u&c luqng
7. examination (n) /rg ,zremr 'nerfn/ ky thi, thi Clr
take/ sit an exam (v) thi cu, kiSm tra
8. literate (adj) /'ht0r0tl bi~t chfr
illiterate (adj) II'ht0mtl mLI chfr, khong biSt chfr
literacy (n) /' ht0msi/ sv biSt vi~t, S\f biSt d9c
illiteracy (n) ll'ht0r0sil sv mtl chfr, khong bi~t chfr
9. nursery school (n) /'n3:s0ril nha tre
primary school (n) /' prann0ri sku: 11 trucmg tiSu h9c
secondary school (n) /'sek0ndri sku:l/ tnrang THCS
high school (n) /' har sku: 1/ tmangTHPT
university (n) I ju:m 'v3:s0til tnrang d?i h9c
10. vocational (adj) /vgu 'ke1J0nl/ (thu(>c) ngh~ nghi~p; lm&ng nghi~p
vocational school (n) truang d?y ngh~
11. public/ state school (n) truang cong l~p
private school (n) tmang tu tlwc
12. graduate (v/n) /' grred3u0tl t6t nghi~p/ nguai t6t nghi~p
graduation (n) I, grred3u' eifn/ sv t6t nghi~p
13. punishment (n) /' pAmfmgntl sv trirng ph?t, sv trung tri
punish (v) /'pAmfl plwt, trung plwt
14. school violence (n) lsku:l 'vaml0ns/ b?o Ivc h9c duong

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 15. bully (n) /'bulil ke hay bitt n~t (a tru(mg hQC)
bullying (n) /'bul.i.n]/ S\1' bitt n~t
16. peer pressure (n) /'pi~ preJ~(r)/ ap 11,l'c b~n be d6ng trang lua
17. plagiarize (v) /' ple1d3~rmz/ d~o van
plagiarism (n) I' ple1d3anzam/ S\1' d~o van
18. cheat (v) /tji:t/ gian l~n
19. play truant (v) /plei 'truant/ tr6n hQc
20. abolish (v) /a'bnlif/ xoa b6, huy b6
21. prestigious (adj) /pre' st1d3as/ c6 uy tin, c6 thanh thS
prestige (n) /pre' sti: 3/ uy tin, thanh thS
22. respect (n/ v) /n'spekt/ sv kinh trQng, sv ngu5ng m()
respectable (adj) /n' spektabl/ dang kfnh trQng
respectful (adj) /n' spektfl/ 1~ phep, kinh dn, bay to s\r kinh
trQng
respective (adj) /n 'spektivI rieng ttrng nguai, rieng tung cai,
tuong ling
23. daunting (adj) /' d~:ntn]/ lam thoai chi, lam nan chi
24. diligent (adj) /' d1hd3~nt/ sieng nang, cfm cu
diligently (adv) /' dihd3~ntli/ sieng nang, can eli
diligence (n) /' dil1d3~ns/ SlJ sieng nang, can eli
25. with flying colors v6i kSt qua my man
26. broaden one's horizon/ knowledge ma r()ng v6n kiSn thuc
27. reinforce (v) /,ri:m'6:s/ cling c6 (kiSn thtrc)
reinforcement (n) /,ri:m'f~:sm~nt/ sv cimg co
28. scholarship (n) /' skol~Jip/ 11Qc b6ng
scholar (n) /'sknl~(r)/ nha nghien c-lru, hQc gia
29. discipline (n) /' d1s~plm/ ky lu~t
30. practice (v, n) /'pnektis/ tlwc hanh, tlwc ti~n
practical (adj) /' prrektikV mang tinh th1,l'c hanh
II. cAc C~P TIJ' :DONG NGHiA, TIUI NGHiA THU'ONG G~P
I
~-----------------------------------------------, \
I 1. compulsory= obligatory= mandatory (adj) =bitt bu()c, ep bu()c ~
1
: compulsory>< optional (adj): t\1' chQn, khong bitt bu()c
: 2. diligent= hard-working= industrious (adj) = d.n eli, sieng nang
: diligent>< lazy (adj): luai biSng
1 3. abolish= erase= eradicate (v) = x6a b6, hi1y b6
I
'\ 4. evaluation= assessment (n) = danh gia
'-----------------------------------------------'
WE UP 11104
 broaden= enhance= expand (v) =rna r{>ng
'\
I
I I
broaden>< nan-ow (v): tlm hvp, lam it di 1

6. reinforce= consolidate (v) cling c6, tang cu(mg :

7. practical (adj) thvc himh, thv:c t~ >< theoretic (adj) (thu{>c) ly thuy~t, c6 tfnh chlh :
~iliey~ :
8. daunting = depressing = discouraging (adj) = lam m\n chi, nan long I

daunting>< encouraging (adj) khuySn khich, khfch I~

9. state school= public school= independent school (n) = tnrcmg cong l~p
10. punish= penalize (v) = plwt
\ I

' ....
punish>< award (v) thucrng ,. I
~------ ---------~ - ~ ------~-----~-------- _,
PRACTICE
ft1ark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
1. The Greens want to _ _ their children in their local public school.
A. enrol B. apply C. register D. take
2. You can only apply for this job if you've got ___ and experience in translation
and interpreting.
A. knowledges B. levels C. qualifications D. abilities
3. You should take part in activities at university such as joining a club or do
voluntary work.
A. curriculum B. cun·icular C. extracurricular D. extra curriculum
4. Doing group presentations can help students improve their _ _ _ skills, which
are very essential for their future career.
A. theoretic B. practical C. practice D. theory
5. My sister is computer , and good at explaining the use of the system to
others.
A. illiterate B. illiteracy C. literacy D. literate
6. Eve1yone was towards him, listening carefully to his long explanations.
A. respectful B. respect C. respective D. respectable
7. Though he's not clever, he's a ___ student and has always done well in the
examinations.
A. lazy B. hard C. diligent D. helpful
8. Education is very widely distributed, and in every province, it is _ _ for children
between the ages of 5 and 16 to attend school.
A. prestigious B. compulsmy C. optional D. free
9. Although he never from university, he became a successful businessman.

WEUP 11105
10. Soldiers leam ___ through a daily routine of exercise, am1s training, and
obeying their superiors.

*****
TOPIC 4. WORK AND FUTURE CAREER
(CONG VI$C VA NGHE NGHI$P TUONG LA!)

I. TUVVNG TRQNG TAI\1

1. society (n) Is~' sai~til xah9i
social (adj) Is~' samti/ thu9c vs xa h9i
socially (adv) /' s~uf~li/ thu9c vS xa h9i
2. productivity (n) I, prndAk' tiv~til nang sufit
productive (adj) /pr~' dAktiv/ san xu~t nhiSu, sinh san nhiSu
product (n) /'prndAkt/ san v~t, san ph~m
produce (v) /pr~' dju:s/ sfm xu~t, ch~ t:;1o
3. exhausted (adj) hg'z::>:stid/ ki~t sue, m~t lu
4. efficient (adj) h'fifnt/ c6 hi~u h,rc, c6 hi~u qua
efficiency (n) !I'fifnsi/ hi~u 1\rc, hi~u qua
5. ambitious (adj) /rem 'bif~s/ c6 nhiSu tham VQng, c6 nhiSu khat
VQng
ambition (n) /rem'blfn/ tham VQng, khat vQng
6. vacancy (n) /' ve1k~nsi/ ch6 khuySt (m9t vi tri hay chuc V\1
con b6 tr6ng)
vacant(adj) !'verk~nt/ khuySt, thiSu
7. blue-collar (adj) /,blu: 'kol~(r)/ thu9c vS lao h,rc, thu9c v~ lao d<)ng
chan tay
blue-collar worker (n) c6ng nhan lam c6ng vi~c tay chan
white-collar (adj) /,wait 'kol~(r)/ thu9c van phong; thu9c ban gi~y
white-collar worker (n) nhan vi en van phong
8. candidate (n) /'krendideit/ nguai ling tuy~n (vao m9t ch-Lrc gi)
candidature (n) /' krendid~tJ~(r)/ S\f trng Clr
9. experience (n/v) hk'spi~ri~ns/ kinh nghi~m, trai nghi~m/ trai qua
hands-on experience (n) kinh nghi~m th\rc tS
10. workforce (n) /'w3:kf:J:s/ lvc hrqng lao d()ng, s6 nhan vien
11. nine-to-five job (n) cong vi~c lam 8 ti~ng/ ngay

\VE UP 11106
12. employment (n) lun'pbmKmtl S\}' linn cong, vi~c lam
unemployment (n) I,Amm'pL:nm::mt/ sv th~t nghi~p
employ (v) lnn'pl:)ll dung, tlme (ai) (h1m gi)
employee (n) Inn' pbii :1 ngm)'i lao d<)ng, ngm)'i lam cong
employer (n) lim' pbr~(r)l chu, nguai sU: d\mg lao d<)ng
13. recruitment (n) ln'kru:tm~ntl sv tuySn d\lng
recruiter (n) ln'kru:t~(r)l nha tuy~n d\lng
recruit (v) In' kru:t/ tuy&n d\lng
14. competence (n) I' kmnpit~nsl nang 1\rc, kha nang
competent (adj) /' knmpit~ntl c6 kha nang, c6 trinh d<)
15. punctuality (n) l,pAl)ktfu' rel~til sv dung gia (khong ch~m tr~)
punctual (adj) /' pAtJktfu~l/ dung gic>' (khong ch~m tr&)
16. salary (n) /'srel~ril ti&n luang hang thang
wage (n) lwerd3l ti&n cong (tlmcmg tra theo gia, ngay,
tu~n)
bonus (n) l'b~un~sl ti&n tlm&ng
pension (n) /'penjhl ti&n luong huu
17. impact (nl v) !'1mprekt/ tac d<)ng, anh huang
impactful (adj) /nn 'prektfll c6 tac d<)ng m~nh me
18. promotion (n) lpr~' m~ufnl sv thang chile
promote (v) lpr~·m~utl thang ch(rc, thang c~p
get a promotion dugc thang chile
19. deadline (n) I' dedlaml h~n ch6t
meet a deadline kip h~n cu6i cua m<)t cong vi~c
20. retirement (n) In' tai~m~ntl sv v8 huu, S\T nghi hun
take early retirement nghi huu s6m
retire (v) ln'tm~(r)l nghi hun, v& huu
retiree (n) In, tar~' ri:l nguainghihuu
21. workload (n) /'w3:kl~udl kh6i lugng cong vi~c
22. fire (v) l'fm~(r)l sa thai
23. colleague (n) l'knli:g/ d6ng nghi¢p
24. profitable (adj) /'pmfrt;Jbl/ c6 lai, sinh lai
25. overtime (n) /' ;JUVdtaim/ lam vi¢c ngoai gia
flexitime (n) I' fleksitannl thai gian lam vi¢c linh ho~t
26. flexibility (n) I, fleksd 'bildtil tfnh linh ho~t, tinh linh d<)ng
flexible (adj) /' fleks;Jbll linh d<)ng, linh ho~t
flexibly (adv) /'fleks~blil linh d<)ng, linh ho~t

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 27. bankruptcy (n) /'bret]krAptsi/ S\f VfJ nQ', S\f pha san
bankmpt (adj) /'brel)krApt/ VfJ nq, pha sim
go bankrupt (v) va nq, pha san
28. work against the clock (v) lam vi~c c?t lvc (ch()y dua v6i thai gian)
29. a dead-end job (n) cong vi~c khong thang ti~n
30. work-life balance (n) /,w3:k laif 'brel~ms/sv· can b~ng din d6i gifra cong vi~c
va CUQC song rieng
II. CAC C~P TU DONG NGHiA, TRAI NGHiA THUONG G~P
/;~--------------------------------------------,,

/ 1. occupation= profession= job (n) = ngh6 nghi~p \

I
2. run your own business= be self-employed= t~r lam cht1 m()t doanh nghi~p 1

3. be unemployed= out of work= jobless (adj) = th§t nghi~p :

4. employ= hire= take on (v) = dimg, thue (ai) (lam gi) :
5. dismissed = to be fired = to get fired = to be sacked = to get the sack = bi sa thcli :
6. impact= effect (n) = anh huang, tac d()ng
7. society= community (n) = xa h()i, c()ng d6ng
8. reduce= diminish (v) = giam, h:;t b6t
reduce (v) ><increase (v) tang, tang len
9. workforce= labor force (n) = 1\rc luqng lao d()ng

PRACTICE
A1ark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
1. Companies are under enormous pressure to hire a more diverse _ __
A. workload B. deadline C. workforce D. qualification
2. Millions of people suffered because of the disastrous earthquake last week.
A. unemployment B. unemployed C. employment D. employee
3. Our team have to work the clock in order to meet the deadline of the clients
tomorrow.
A. with B. against C. into D. up to
4. Being ___ for an interview will make a good first impression on the recruiter.
A. punctually B. punctuation C. punctuality D. punctual
5. She can do everything in her way if she ___ her own business.
A. works B. creates C. employs D. runs
6. Recently, a large number of older workers tend to take early , then they will
have more time to travel.

\VE UP 11108
7. Although we've been interviewing all day, we haven't managed to find an
appropriate ___ for the position of general accountant.

8. I think I will never do a ___ job like working on a supem1arket checkout.

9. We need to recruit a(n) ___ leader who can organize the office and make it run
smoothly.

10. Most of my colleagues are looking fonvard to receiving a productivity ___ this
year.

*****
TOPIC 5. CULTURE

(VlNHOA)

I. TUVT/NGTRQNGTAM
1. culture (n) /'kAltfd(r)l van hoa
cultural (adj) l'kAltfdrdll thu()c v€ van hoa
culturally (adv) /'kAltfdrdlil v€ phuang di~n van hoi
culture shock (n) l'kAltfdf'Dk/ s6c van hoa
2. diversity (n) Idm 'v3: S;;)til S\f da d~ng
diverse (adj) ldm'v3:sl da d~ng, g6m nhi€u lo~i khac nhau
diversify (v) ldm 'v3:srfml da d~ng hoa
cultural diversity S\f da d~ng van h6a
3. integration (n) I, mti' gre1jt1l S\f h9i nh?p, tich hqp
integrate (v) l'mtigreitl tich hqp, h9i nh~p
cultural integration (n) S\f h9i nh~p van hoa
4. assimilation (n) lg, srm;;)' leifnl sv d6ng hoa
assimilate (v) ld' srmglert/ d6ng hoa
cultural assimilation s1,r d6ng hoa van hoa
5. degradation (n) I, degrg' dexfnl s1,r suy bi~n, S\f thmii hoi
degrade (v) ldr'grerdl suy biSn, suy thoii
cultural degradation s1,r suy thoii v€ m~U van hoa
6. conflict (nl v) I' knnfl1ktl S\f xung d()t, sv tranh giimh

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7. identify (v) /ai' dentifai/ nh~n ra, nh~n bi6t, nh~n di~n
identification (n) lai,dentifi'kerfn/ SIJ nh~n ra, sv nh~n di~n
identical (adj) /aT' dentrkl/ y h~t nhau, gi6ng h~t
identity (n) /a1' dentati/ ca tinh, d~c tinh, net d~ nh~n bi6t/
tinh d6ng nh&t; SIJ gi6ng h~t
culture identity (n) b{m s~c dan t()c
8. traditional (adj) /tr~' drf~mll truy6n th6ng
traditionally (adv) /tr~' drfandli/ thu()c v€ truy6n th6ng
tradition (n) /trg' drfn/ truy6n th6ng
9. custom (n) /'kAstam/ phong t1,1c, t1,1c I~
customary (adj) /' kAstamdri/ thong thm1ng, theo 1~ tlmemg/ th6i
quen
10. belief (n) /br'li:f/ long tin, sv tin tuong/ tin nguo11g
11. unique (adj) /ju'ni:k/ dan nh&t; d()c nh&t vo nhi
uniqueness (n) /ju'ni:knds/ S\t d()c nh~h, d()c dao
12. origin (n) /'nnd31nl ngu6n g6c, lai lich
original (adj) /a'nd3~ml/ (thu()c) ngu6n g6c, dfiu tien
originate (v) /a'nd3mert/ b~t dfiu, kh&i dfiu
13. historic site (n) /hr'stnnk sart/ di tich Jich str
14. ritual (n) /' ntfual/ I€ nghi, nghi thuc
15. heritage (n) /'hentrd3/ di san
16. intangible (adj) /m'tamd3abl/ khong th~ sa th&y duqc, VO hinh
intangible cultural heritage di san van h6a phi v~t thS
17. dialect(n) /'dmglekt/ ti6ng dia phuang
18. religion (n) /n'1Id3d11/ ton giao
religious (adj) /n'1Id3gs/ thu()c v€ ton giao
19. superstition (n) /,su:pa'stifnl S\f me tin
superstitious (adj) /,su:pd'strfds/ (thu()c) me tin; dva tren me tin
20. ancestor (n) /' ~:ensest~(r)l t6 tien
21. funeral (n) /'fju:n~rdl/ dam tang
22. ceremony (n) /' serdmdni/ nghi I€, nghi thuc
23. anniversary (n) /,~:em'v3:sdri/ ngay ky ni~m; 1~ ky ni~m
wedding anniversary (n) IS ky ni~m ngay cu6i
24. contrast (n, v) /'knntra:st/ S\f tuang phan, sv tnii nguqc
25. indigenous (adj) /m'drd3~nds/ ban xu, ban dia
26. solidarity (n) /,snh'd~:er~ti/ sv doan k6t; th6ng nh&t
27. unite (v) /ju'nmt/ hqp nh&t, k6t hqp, hqp l~i, tr& thanh
m()t

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 united (adj) /ju' naitid/ do an hoa hQ'P
28. maintain (v) /mem'tem/ gift gin, duy tri; bao
maintenance (n) /'memt~n;;)ns/ sv gilt gin, S\l' duy tri; S\r bao
29. preserve (v) /prr'z3:v/ luu gilt, bao t6n
preservation (n) /,prezg'veifn/ sv luu gilt, sv bao t6n
30. pass/ hand (sth) down from generation to generation: truy~nl1.1i (cai gi do) tir
deri nay sang deri khac
II. CAC TUDONG NGHiA, THU'ONG
/
~~------------------------ --------------~,
/
'
I
I 1. negative= detrimental (adj) = tieu cvc ' \
\
I negative>< positive (adj) tich cvc I
I I
2. degrade= deteriorate (v) =lam suy thoai, lam hu hong I
I
3. preserve= conserve (v) = bao t6n, luu gilt I
4. majority (adj) da s6 ><minority (adj) thi~u s6 I
I
5. identical= similar (adj) = gi6ng nhau
identical>< different (adj) khac nhau
6. unique= exclusive (adj) = d9c nh~t
unique>< common (adj) = phb bi~n, t~m tlmong
7. contrast= difference= contradiction (n) = S\f d6i l~p, khac bi~t
contrast>< similarity (n) S\l' tuang d6ng, gi6ng nhau
8. origin= beginning (n) = ngu6n g6c, b~t ngu6n
I I
I 9. diverse = various (adj) = da d?ng, phong phtl I
I I
I diversity = variety (n) = sv da d?ng I
\
\
10. integration= combination (n) = sv hqp nh~t I
I

' ' .... integration>< division (n) = S\f chia re, phan chia __ ... ; ;'
/

'~----------------------------~--------
PRACTICE
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
1. If we are involved in a culture that is unlike our own, we may experience culture

A. degradation B. integration C. shock D. diversity

2. Foreign literature books provide kids with in-depth knowledge about ___ and
traditional values of different parts of the world.
A. cultural- traditional B. culturally- traditionally
C. culture- tradition D. culture- traditional

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3. In most American families, parents have less _ _ on their children than those in
other parts of the world.
1ffect B. influence C. power tre
4. Over time, these individual ___ beliefs become shared in local communities and
thus become folk religions.

5. In Vietnam, it is _ _ _ to choose a favorable day for special occasions such as

weddings, or house-moving days.

6. Government plays an integral part in _ _ _ cultural identity of ethnic minorities.

7. The major ___ between Eastern and Western cultures is that people in the East
are more conservative and traditional than the general population in the West.

8. The wedding _ _ include asking permission to receive the bride, the procession
to the groom's house, the ancestor ceremony, and the banquet party.

9. In some Asian countries and in the Middle East, red and orange are considered
___ of joy and happiness.

10. Many young people have objected to _ _ marriage, which is decided by the
parents of the bride and groom.
Jrepared B. maintained C. united ·anged
*****

TOPIC 6. GENDER EQUALITY

(BiNH DANG GIOI TiNH)

I. TUVl/NGTRQNGTAM
1. equality (n) /i 'kwnl;:)ti/ sv binh d~ng
inequality (n) I, mr 'kwnl;:)ti/ sv kh6ng b~ng nhau; sv kh6ng binh
d~ng
equal(adj) /' i:k\v;:)l/ ngang b~ng, c6ng b~ng
equally (adv) /' i:kw;:)li/ b~ng nhau, ngang nhau
2. effective (adj) /r'fektrv/ c6 hi~u qua, hi~u lvc
effect (n) II'fekt/ s~r hie d<)ng, anh lm6ng
affect (v) /g 'fekt/ tac d<)ng, anh huang

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3. challenge (n) /' tfrelmd3l thach thuc
4. discrimination (n) Id1, skrnm 'neifnl s~r phan bi~t d6i xir
discriminate against sb (v) ldi'sknmmeitl phan bi~t ddi xu
5. eliminate (v) II' hmmeitl xoa bo
elimination (n) h,lnm'nelfnl s~r xoa bo, sv lo~i trtr
6. loneliness (n) l'l:mnlingsl sv co don
lonely (adj) /'lgunlil co dan, co d9c
7. remarkable (adj) ln'ma:k~bll dang chu y, khac tlmcmg
8. treatment (n) /'tri:tmgntl SlJ ddi XU
treat (v) ltri:tl ddi XU, Clf XU
9. child-rearing (n) /'tfaild,ngniJI nuoi du5ng con
child-bearing (n) /' tfmld, begniJI sinh con
10. dominate (v) I' dnmmeitl at hiin, tr9i han, chi~m uu thS
dominant (adj) /' dnmmgntl at hiin, tr9i han, chi~m uu th~
dominance (n) /' dnmmgnsl th~ han, th~ tr9i han, Ull th~
11. acknowledge (v) lgk'nnlrd3l thua nh?n, cong nh?n
acknowledgement (n) lgk'nnhd3mgntl Sl,l' thtra nh?n, cong nh~n
12. advocate (v) I' redvgkgtl ung hQ, tan thfmh
advocacy (n) l'redvgkgsil SlJ ung hQ, tan thanh
13. controversy (n) /'knntrgv3:sil sv tranh lu?n, sv tranh dii
controversial (adj) l,knntrg 'v3:fll gay ra tranh lu~n, ban dii
14. feminist (n) I' femgmstl nguai benh VlJC cho quy6n CUa phV
nfr
feminism (n) I' femgmzgn1/ chu nghia nfr quy6n
feminine (adj) l'femgmn/ nhu phv nfr, gi6ng plw nfr
15. masculine (adj) /' mreskj gln11 (thu9c) gidng d1,rc; (thu9c) dan ong
16. counterpart (n) /'kauntgpa:tl d6i tac
17. patriarchal (adj) I, peitri 'a:kl/ duqc cai tr! ho~c kiSm soat b&i nam
giai
a patriarchal society (n) m9t xa h9i gia tru&ng
18. liberation (n) I, hbg' reifnl S\f giai phong, S\f phong thich
liberate (v) /' hbgreitl giai phong, phong thich
liberty (n) /'hbgtil tv do, quy6n tv do
19. income (n) /'mkAml thu nh~p
20. contribute (v) lkgn' tnbju:tl dong gop, gop phftn
contribution (n) l,knntn'bju:fnl sv dong gop, sv gop phftn
21. limitation (n) I, lnm 'teifnl sv Iwn ch~, s1,r giai lwn

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 limit (v) /'lnmt/ Iwn chS, gi&i Iwn
22. property (n) /'prnpJti/tai san, cua cai
23. right (n) /rait/ quy~n, quy~n lqi
24. stereotype (n) khuon m~u, dinh ki~n
I' steriJtaip/
25. bias (n) l'bargs/ thanh kiSn, sg thien vi
to have a bias towards sb thien vi d6i v&i ai
26. pregnancy (n) sv c6 thai, sv c6 mang thai
l'pregnJnsi/
pregnant (adj) /' pregnJnt/
mang thai, c6 thai
27. preference (n) /'prefmns/sv thich han, S\1' uu tien
28. misconception (n) /,mrskgn'sepfn/sg quan ni~m sai, nh~m th1rc sai
misconceive (v) quan ni~m sai, nh?n th1rc sai
/,mrskgn'si:v/
29. undervalue (v) I,Andg'vrelju:/
danh gia thcip
overvalue (v) /,Juvg'vrelju:/
danh gia cao
30. bridge the gender gap thu h~p khoang each gi&i tinh
II. cAc Ci).P TV' DONG NGHiA, TRAI NGHiA TRUONG G~~
;,------------------------------------------~,,
I \
' 1. be aware of= acknowledge (v) = thira nh?n, nh?n th(rc ,
I ' I
1 2. gender equality= sexual equality (n) = binh dang gi&i tinh 1

3. gender discrimination= sexism (n) = phan bi~t gi&i tfnh :

4. concerned = wonied about (adj) = lo l~ng :
5. equality= fairneSS (n) = Sl)' cong b~ng I
I
6. eliminate= get rid of= remove (v) = lolili b6 1
I
7. advocate (v) 1mg hQ ><oppose (v) phan d6i
I
8. liberty= freedom (n) = tg do, quy~n tv do
1 9. limitation= restriction (n) = sv Iwn chS, sv gi&i hliln
I I
\ 10. challenge= difficulty (n) = kh6 khan, thach thlic ,
''-------------------------------------------~/
PRACTICE
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
1. Gender discrimination should be _ _ _ so that everyone has equal opportunities
in education.
A. raised B. preserved C. maintained D. eliminated
2. The concept of men as and women as homemakers are changing.
A. breadwinners B. policemen C. money-makers D. professors
3. Sexual equality means fair ___ between men and women.
A. limitation B. treatment C. avocation D. liberty

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4. He will work in partnership with a range of organizations to help eliminate _ __
against disabled people.
criminate . disctimination C. discrimina D. discriminative
5. Son ___ has a negative impact on the balance of gender ratio in the society.

6. The college has been accused of sexism because of the gender ___ between
lecturers.
balance 3. balance C. equality D. fairness
7. Nineteenth-century demanded equal education and employment
opportunities for single women.

8. Women have the ___ to participate in political and social issues as well as have
their own opinions and raise their voices.

9. The campaign has made a significant ___ to the gender equality in our country.

10. Due to the gender pay ___, women are often paid less than men in many
countries such as Korea and Singapore.

*****
TOPIC 7. TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE
(CONG NGH$ VA KHOA HOC)
I. TiJ' Vl/NG TRQNG TAM
1. technology (n) /tek'nnl~d3i/ cong ngh~
technological (adj) I' tekn~' Ind3Ikl! thUQC cong ngh~
digital technology (11) /'d1d3Itl tek'nnl~d3i/ cong ngh~ ky thu?t s6
2. science (n) /' sm~ns/ khoa hQc
scientific (adj) /,samn'tifikl (thu9c) khoa llQc; c6 tinh khoa hQc
scientist (n) /' samntist/ nha khoa hQc; ngm1i nghien dru
khoa hQc
3. revolutionize (v) /,rev~'lu:J~nmz/ each 111i,ll1g h6a
revolution (n) /,rev~ 'Ju:fn/ CUQC each lll(,lllg
revolutionary (adj) /,rev~'lu:J~n~ri/ (thu9c) each 1111;l11g
4. advancement (n) /~d 'va:nsm~nt/ sv ti8nlen, sv tiSn t6'i, sv ti~n b9
advance (n) /~d'va:ns/ sv tiSn len, S\t tiSn to·i, sv ti8n b9
advanced (adj) /~d'va:nst/ tien tiSn, ti~n b9, dp ti8n

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 technological advance/ advancement S\f tiSn b(> v~ cong ngh~
5. invention (n) /mlvenfn/ sv phat minh, S\l' sang ch~
invent (v) · /in'vent/ phat minh, sv sang chS
6. innovation (n) /~m~~verfn/ S\f d6i m6·i, S\f cai ti~n
innovate (v) /'m~ve1t/ d6i mai, S\f cai ti~n
innovative (adj) /' m~vertiv/ c6 tinh ch~t d6i m&i
7. application (n) /lrepliikerfn/ 11ng d~:mg
applicable (adj) ~~~plrk~bl/ c6 th~ ap dt,mg duqc, c6 th~ ung
d\mg duqc
applicability (n) h:,lphk~~bil~ti/ tinh 11ng d\mg, tinh kha d~:mg
8. breakthrough (n) /'breik8ru:/ bu&c d(>t pha
9. artificial intelligence (n)/la:tifij1 mltehd3.:ms/ tri tu~ nhan t~o
10. access (n/ v) /' rekses/ s~:r truy c~p, tiep c~n
accessible (adj) /~k~ ses~bl/ c6 th~ ti~p c~n duqc
11. upgrade (v) I lAp greid/
I nang cap
1

upgradation (n) / Apgrei deifn/ S\f nang Cap

1

12. outdated (adj) /laot'deitrd/ 16i thai, l~c h~u

13. interact (v) I mt~r~ rekt/
I anh huang l~n nhau, tac d(>ng v&i
nhau, tuang tac
interaction (n) /lmt~r~rekfn/ sv fmh huang l~n nhau, sv tac d(>ng
v&i nhau, sv tuong tac
interactive (adj) anh huang l~n nhau, tac d(>ng v&i
nhau, tuang tac
14. sustainable (adj) /s~ stem~bll
I b~n vfrng, c6 th~ chiu d\mg duqc
sustainability (n) /s~lstem~lbil~ti/ tinh b~n vung
1
15. distraction (n) /di strrekfn/ Sl,f dang tri, sv xao lang
distract (v) /drlstrrekt/ linn xao lang, Etm dang tri
16. storage (n) /' st~:nd3/ b(> nh&, nai ltm trfr
17. activate (v) /I rektrvert/ kich ho~t
activation (n) /lrektrlverfn/ sv kich ho~t
18. accumulate (v) /;;/ kju:mj~lert/ tich lily
accumulation (n) /~ lkju:mj~ llerfn/ sv tich IUy, S\f g6p nh?t
accumulative (adj) /~I kju:mj~l~tiV/ tich luy duqc, g6p nh?t duqc
19. exposure (n) !Iklsp~o3~(r)/ S\f ti~p XtlC, phai nhi~m
20. fatigue (n) /f~~ti:g/ sv m~t m6i, S\f m~t nhQc
21. isolate (v) /' ars~Iert/ co l~p, tach bi~t
isolated (adj) /' ars~lertrd/ bi co l~p, each bi~t

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 I aiS;) lleifn/
isolation (n) I S\I col~p
22. /lpnv;:1si/
(n) sv rieng tu
23. (n) hk spernn;:1nt/ I thi nghi~m
do/ conduct an experiment lam thi nghi~m
24. existence (n) hg zist;:1ns/ I sv ton t~i
t6n t~i, s6ng
1

exist (v) fig Zist/

existent (adj) hg ZISt;)nt/ I t6n t~i, hi~n hiht
25. exploration (n) /ekspl;:1 reifnl I sv kham pha
explore (v) hklspb:(r)/ tham do, tham hi~m
explorer (n) hkl spb:r;)(r)/ ngucri tham do, ngucri tham hi~m
26. imaginary (adj) II mred3m;)ri/ I tu6'ng tuqng, khong co tlwc
imagine (v) hlmred3Inl tu6'ng tuqng
imaginative (adj) II mred3m;)t1vI I giau tri tu6'ng tuqng
imagination (n) II lmred31 ne~fn/ I sue tuong tuqng, tri tucmg tm;mg
27. incredible (adj) /m lkredrbl/ khong th~ tin du9·c
incredibly (adv) /mlkred;)bli/ kho tin n6i, dang kinh ng~c
28. user-friendly (adj) /ju:z;) lfrendlil than thi~n v&i ngucri dung
29. adverse (adj) /'redv3:s/ b~t lqi, co h~i
adversely (adv) /' redv3:sli/ bfrt Iqi, co Iwi
30. eradicate (v) II rredikeit/ I di~t tru, xoa b6
eradication (n) II rredi keifnl I I S\t di~t trir, xoa b6
II. cAc C~P TlJ' DONG NGHiA, NGHiA THU'i1NG G~P
~----~------------------------------
caa ,_..,..""""...,. """"-
;
'
I
I
/
1. eradicate= abolish (v) = xoa bo, di~t tru '\\
I 2. adverse= detrimental (adj) = bfrt lqi, co h~i I
I I
I adverse>< advantageous (adj): co lqi I
I I
I 3. advancement= development (n) = tiSn b9
4. outdated= obsolete (adj)= 16i thai, qua lwn
5. accumulate= collect (v) = tich lliy, tlm th~p
6. incredible = inconceivable (adj) = khong th~ tin duqc, khong th~ tu6'ng
tuqng duqc
7. advanced= very modem (adj) = tien tiSn
8. upgrade= boost= enhance (v) =nang dp
I 9. fatigue= exhaustion= tiredness (n) = S\f m~t moi, S\f 111~t nhQC
\
\ 10. predictable= anticipated foreseeable (adj) =co th& thfty tru&c duqc
''

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 PRACTICE
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
1. Scientists are conducting _ _ _ to test the effectiveness of the new drug.

2. A dramatic in breast cancer research will lead to a revolution in the way

the disease will be diagnosed and treated in years to come.
Jreakout B. breakdown C. breakthrough ~eakup
3. Although science can help us with time management and work efficiency, relying
on scientific too much may result in our laziness and less flexibility.

4. The company has _ _ _ its software to control the robotics depatiment better.
Jpgrading B. upgradation C. upgradable >graded
5. Many intemet users are very concemed about the _ _ _ of their personal
infmmation.

6. There's no doubt that computers have _ _ our lives in different aspects so far.
:evolutionary B. revolution C. revolutionizing olutionized
7. Further ___ is needed in the farming industry if we are to be able to feed
ourselves in the future.

8. One of the popular _ _ used in smartphones is voice recognition.

:tpplicants B. apply C. applications Jliances
9. The invention of new technologies might help us war, disease and poverty.

10. Schools should find ways of _ _ new technologies into classrooms so that
students find it easy and interesting to learn new subjects.
integrate B. integration C. integral ~grating

*****
TOPIC 8. THE MASS MEDIA
(TRUYEN THONG D41 CHUNG)

I. TUV\fNG TRQNG TAM

1. telecommunication (n) I, telik~ ,mju:m'keifn/ vi~n thong
2. multimedia (n) /,mAlti 'mi:di~/ truy~n thong da plmang ti~n
3. social networking /,sauj1 'netw3:kiiJ/ m~mg xa h9i
4. jom·nalism (n) /' d33:nahzam/ ngh8 lam baa, ngh~ vi~t baa

WE UP 11118
 journalist (n) l'd33:n;;,hstl nha bao
journalistic (adj) I, d33: n;;,' hstild thu<)c bao chi
joumal (n) I' d33:nl/ nh~t bao
5. broadcast (v/ n) l'bm:dka:stl phats6ng
6. audience (n) /'J:di;;,nsl khan gia (trong h9i tnrcmg)
viewer (n) /'vju:;;,rl khan gia (xem tn1y~n hinh)
spectator (n) lspek 'teJtgrl khan gia (ngoai tn1i)
7. commercial (adj/ n) /kg' 1113 :jl/ (thu9c) tlmang lTI?il quang cao
commerce (n) /'kom3:s/ S\f huon ban; tlmang m?i
8. communication (n) lkg,mju:m'kerfn/ S\f truy~n d?t, sv thong tri
communicate (v) /kg 'mju:nikeitl truySn; truy~n d?.t, thong tri
9. reporter (n) /ri'pJ:tgl ph6ng vien, nha bao
10. objective (adj) lgb' d3ektiv/ khach quan
objectively (adv) /gb' d3ektrv Iii m9t each khach quan
11. popularity (n) I, pupju' lrergti/ tfnh d?i chung, tinh ph6 biSn
popularize (v) /'pupjgl~raiz/ tmySn ba, ph6 c~p; ph6 bi~n
popularization (n) l,pupjgl~rai 'zerfn/S\1' truy~n ba, sv ph6 c~p; S\f ph6
bi~n
12. interfere (v) I, mt~' fi~r/ can thi~p, xen vao
interference (n) I, mt~ 'figrgnsl S\f can thi~p, S\f xen vao
13. subscribe (v) lsgb' skrarbl d~t mua dai h?n
14. ethical (adj) /' e8Ild/ c6 d?o due
ethically (adv) /' e8rklil c6 d?o due, theo d1mg lw1n tlmcmg
d?o ly
unethical (adj) !An' e8Ikl/ thiSu d?o due
15. cyberbullying (n) /' smbgbolin]l khtmg b6 qua 111?-ng internet
16. addicted (adj) lg 'drktrd/ say me, nghi~n
addiction (n) /g'drkfnl S\f ham me, S\f say me
17. attitude (n) I' retltju:d/ thai d9, quan diSm
18. emerge (v) !I'm3:d3/ vuqt tr<)i, n6i b~t, hi~n len
emergence (n) II' 1113: d3gnsl sv vuqt tr<)i, S\t hi~n len
19. illustrate (v) I' dgstreit/ minh hQa, lam ro y
illustration (n) I, rlg' strerfnl sv minh ho?
20. distortions (n) Idr' stJ :fnl S\f bop meo, S\f xuyen tgC (S\f th~t...)
21. memory (n) /'memgri/ b9 nh&, ki uc, ki ni~m
memorial (adj) /mg'mJ:rigl/ (thu<)c) ky ni~m, dS ky ni~m
memorable (adj) l'memgrgbl/ dang ghi nh&, khong quen duqc

WEUP 11119
22. informative (adj) cung cftp nhi~u tin ttrc
/m' fJ:m~tiv/
inform (v) /m'fJ:m/ thong bao
information (n) /,mf~'meiJn/ thong tin, tin ttrc
23. trustworthy (adj) /'trAStW3:oi/ dang tin c~y
24. transmit (v) /tnenz 'mit/ truy~n, phat (m(>t tin hi~u, chuang
trinh .. )
transmission (n) /trrenz'myJnJ sv phat, S\f truy~n
25. orally (adv) I''J: mli/ b~ng mi~ng, b~ng lai
aurally (adv) /''J: r~li/ b~ng tai
visually (adv) /'vi3u~li/ b~ng m~t
26. leaflet (n) /'li:fl~t/ ta
rai, in mi ta
27. publish (v) l'pAbhf/ xu~t ban, cong chi~u
publisher (n) /' pAbhJ~r/ nguai xu~t ban, nha xu~t ban
publication (n) /,pAbh'keifn/ sv xu§t bim
28. coverage (n) /'lvw~nd3/ vi~c dua tin
29. tabloid (n) /'trebbid/ bao la cai
30. subtitle (n) /' sAbtaitll phv d~ (trong phim)
II. cAc C~P TU DONG NGHiA, TRAI NGHiA TRUONG G~P
; ~---------------------------------------,,
I \
1. objective (adj): khach quan ><subjective (adj): chi1 quan \
I
2. commercial= advertisement (n) = quang cao
3. trustworthy= reliable (adj) =dang tin c~y
4. emerge= appear (v) = m&i n6i, n6i len, phat sinh
5. addicted to= hooked on (adj) =say me, ham me
6. benefit= advantage (n) = lqi fch
7. transmission= transfer (n) = S\f u·uy~n, truy~n tai
\ 8. illustrate= demonstrate (v) = minh hQa, minh chtrng
' '~---------------------------------------~ /

PRACTICE
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
1. Mass media refers to the main ___ of communication reaching people on a large
scale, such as television, radio, movies or newspapers.
A. series B. collections C. lists D. means
2. Teenagers can become ___ to social networking if they spend too much time on
it.
A. beneficial B. excited C. interested D. addicted

WE UP 11120
3. The m mobile phone use around the world has made some health
professionals worried.
'losion L transfer C. interferenc D. attitude
4. My eldest sister started working as a freelance _ _ as soon as she graduated fi·om
university.

5. Media plays an integral part in keeping everyone ___ about the various events
around the world.

6. amounts of time on a smartphone can lead to obesity, undeveloped social

skills and a fon11 of addictive behavior.

7. ___ sites such as Facebook, Instagram and Twitter are giving people a chance to
connect with each other across distances.

8. Today, more than 2 billion people use Facebook to communicate _ _ their friends,
loved ones and even customers.

9. Frequent usage of the Internet increases the risk of being victims

10. Computers and smartphones are beginning to influence the ___ and reception
of news.

*****
TOPIC 9. ENERGY
(NANG LU()'NG)

I. TiJ'
1. energy (n) I' engrd3i I nangltrQTig
energetic (adj) I, eng' d3et1kl trim diy nang hr911g
solar energy (n) l'sgubr 'en~rd3i I nang luqng m?t tn}i
nuclear energy (n) l,nju:kli~r 'engd3il nang luqng h~t nhan
2. hydroelectricity (n) I, haidrou Ilek' tns~til thuy di~n
hydroelectric (adj) 1, hmdrom 'lektnk/ thu9c tht1y di~n
3. fossil fuel (n) /'fa:sgl fjugll nhien li~u h6a th~ch

vVE UP 11121
4. geothermal (adj) /,d3i:~u '83:m~ll thu<)c dja nhi~t
geothermal heat (n) /,d3i:~u '83:m;)l hi:t/ nang luqng dia nhi~t
5. radiation (n) /,reidi' eiJm/ S\f btrc X?, phong x:;t
radioactive (adj) /,reidiou'cektiv/ thu<)c v~ phong X?
6. consume (v) /k~n' sju:m/ tieu dung, tieu th\t
consumption (n) /k~n'sAmpJn! S\f tieu d-Lmg, tieu thv
consumer (n) /k~n 'su:m~/ ngm}i tieu d-Lmg
7. incinerate (v) /in'sinareit/ thieu 1'\li
incineration (n) /in'sinareif~n/ S\f thieu rpi
8. exhaustion (n) fig' zJ:stfgn/ S\r lam ki~t; S\f d6c hSt, S\f dung
h8t exhaust (v) IIg'zJ:st/ lam ki~t qu~, dimg hSt
exhausted (adj) !Ig'zJ:stid/ qn ki~t
9. infrastructure (n) /'mfr~strAktfg/ CO' SOh? tfing

10. install (v) /m'stJ:l/ l~p d~t, cai d~t

installation (n) /,mst~'leifn/ S\f l~p d~t, cai d~t
11. implement (v) 1'1mphment/ thi hanh, th\fc hi~n
implementation (n) /,unplunen'teifn/ SV' thi hanh, thV'c hi~n
12. shortage (n) !'fJ:tid3/ S\f thi~u hvt
13. ultimately (adv) /' Altimgtli/ cu6i dmg, sau dmg
14. demand (n) /dr'ma:nd/ nhu du, yeu du
15. alternative (adj) /a:l'tJ-:n~(Iv/ thay th~
altemation (n) /,J:ltg'neifnl S\f xen ke, S\f thay phien
16. potential (adj/ n) /p~'tenj1/ ti~m nang, ti~m :in
17. renewable (adj) /n'njtt:gbl/ co th~ phvc hBi, lam m&i l:;ti
non-renewable (adj) /,nun n'nju:gbl/ khong th€ phvc hbi, lam m6'i l?i
renew (v) /rr'nju:/ lam m6'i
18. harmful (adj) /' ha:nnfgl/ co h?i
harmless (adj) /'ha:mlgs/ vo h:;ti
harm (v) /ha:m/ lam h:;ti, gay h:;ti, lam t6n h?i
19. environmentally-friendly (adj) /myarmnmentgli 'frendli/ than thi~n v&i moi
tnrang
20. plentiful (adj) /'plentifl/ phong phu, dbi dao
plenty (n) /'plenti/ S\f phong phtl, S\r dbi dao
21. cost effective (adj) I, kust I' fekt1vI mang l:;ti lqi nhu~n, sinh lqi, sinh Hli
22. infinite (adj) /' mfm~t/ vo h~.m, vo t~n
infinitely (adv) /' mfm~tli/ vo h:;tn, vo t~n
23. fertilize (v) l'f3:t~laiz/ bon phan

WE UP 11122
 fertilizer (n) /'f3:t;:,lmzgrl phan bon
fetiile (adj) l'f3:taill mimmcr
24. sponsor (n) l'spnns;:,rl nguo·i tai trq, tai trq
25. generate (v) I' d3engre1t/ san xutit, t~w ra (di~n, nang luqng)
generator (n) I' d3en;:,re1t;:,rl may phat di~n
26. utilization (n) ljuitilai 'zeijanl sv str dvng
utilize (v) I 'juit;:,laizl dt\ng, s1r dvng
27. proportion (n) lpm 'p::~:f;:,nl sv din d6i; tY 1~
28. campaign (n) lkaem' peinl chi~n dich
29. run out of sth IrAn aut ;:,vi hSt
30. make use of lmeik ju:z 'dvl t?n dvng
II. cAc C~P Ti'J DONG NGHIA, THUONG
;---------------------------------~-------,
/
/
shortage (n) sv thiSu Iwt ><abundance (n) sv du thua
1. \
'
1 shmiage =lack (n) = thiSu 1

2. exhausted (adj): qm ki~t ><abundant (adj): d6i dao, du thira

3. generate= produce (v) =san xu&t, t~o ra
4. cost-effective= profitable (adj) = mang l~i lqi nlm?n, sinh lqi, sinh Hli
5. make use of= take advantage of= t?n dvng, lqi dvng
6. demand= need (n) = nhu du
: 7. consumption utilization= use (n) = s~r su dvng, tieu dimg ,
: 8. infinite= unlimited (adj) = vo t?n, khong c6 gio·i h~n :
~ 9. potential= capacity (n) = ti&m nang, kha nang ;
\. 10. dangerous= hazardous (adj) = nguy hi€m /
'~----------------------------------------~/
PRACTICE
Jlfark the letter B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
1. ___ such as coal, oil or natural gas play a dominant role in global energy systems.
A. Nuclear energy B. Fossil fuels C. Solar energy D. Geothermal heat
2. Because of increasing demand, natural gas will be ___ in the near future.
A. exhausted B. potential C. produced D. generated
3. We should use sources of energy such as wind and solar power.
A. non-renewable B. renewable C. negative D. harmless
4. Solar and wind energy should be used more because they are _ _ and infinite.
A. limited B. costly C. hazardous D. abundant

WEUPII123
5. Many environmentalists fear that the earth will _ _ _ essential natural resources
in the near future.
~un on B. run off C. run out of 1 into
6. In the future, the sun and wind will be used as the most important ___ energy
sources.

7. ___ sources of energy such as solar energy or wind power will be developed in
the future because they are clean and safe for our life.

8. Nuclear energy can provide enough electricity for the world's ___ for hundreds
of years, but it can be very hazardous.
Jotentials B. installations C. proportions :mands
9. We need to cut down on our fuel _ _ _ by using more public transportation.

10. Coal and oil have been used to ___ electricity for a long time.

*****
TOPIC 10. ENVIRONMENT

(MDI TRUONG)

I. Ti.J'Vl)'NGTRQNG TAM
1. environment (n) /mlvmranm~mt/ moi tru6ng
environmental (adj) /mlvmranlmentl/ thu(>c v~ m6i truang
environmentalist (n) /m va1ran mentalist/ nha rn6i tnrang hQc
I I

2. atmosphere (n) /' retmasfia/ khi quy~n

3. ecosystem (n) /li:kausrstam/ h~ sinh thai
4. biodiversity (n) /lbamudalvarsa!if SlJ da d~mg sinh hQc
5. natural resources (n)/'me!fral nls::>:srz/ tai nguyen thien nhien
6. ozone layer (n) /' auzaun lleia/ t~ng 6-zon
7. climate (n) /'klannat/ khi h~u
climate change /'klannat !femd:3/ hi~n tm;mg bi~n ddi khi h~u
8. catastrophe (n) /kaltrestrafi/ tham hQa
catastrophic (adj) /lheta lstmfik/ tham kb6c, the tham
9. destruction (n) /disltrAkfan/ sv pha huy
destroy (v) /drsltr::>r/ pha h-Lty

WE UP 11124
 destructive ( adj) Idr' strAktrvI pha ho~i, pha huy, tan pha
10. erosion (n) sv x6i mon
erode (v) h'mudl lam x6i mon, an mon
1 1. chemical (nl adj) /' ketmkl/ ch<it hoa hQc; hoa chit
12. pesticide (n) l'pestrsmdl thu6c trir sau
13. herbicide (n) /'h3:brsmdl thu6c di¢t co
14. global warming (n) l'ghmb~l ·w~:Im1JI hi¢n tuqng n6ng len toan cftu
15. greenhouse effect (n) I' gri :nhaus I' fekt/ hi¢u ung nha kinh
16. pollution (n) lpd'lu:J;)tlf sv 6 nhiSm
pollute (v) lpd'lu:t/ lclm b~n, hlm onhi~m
polluted (adj) /pd'lu:tidl 6 nhiem, bi bin
pollutant (n) lpd'lu:t~nt/ chllt gay 6 nhiSm
17. carbon dioxide (n) l,ka:b;)n dm'uksmd/khf C02
18. threat (n) 18ret/ m&i de do~, m6i nguy hiSm
threaten (v) /'8retn./ de dQa
19. sewage (n) l'su:1d3l chllt thai; nu6'c c&ng, nk c6ng
20. poisonous (adj) /'p~rz~nJsl d()c h~i
poison (n) /'p~Izn! chit d<)c, thu&c d()c
21. deforestation (n) I, di:, fun' stelfn/ n~n pha rtrng
deforest (v) l,di: 'funstl pha rtmg
22. exhaust fumes (n) hg'z~:st fju:mz/ khi thai (ill plmang ti¢n giao thong)
23. emit(v) II'tmtl b&cra, tm\ra(mui vi, hai...)
emission (n) II'mrfnl S\f b&c ra, sv toa ra (mui vi, hoi .. )
24. dispose (v) /dr'sp;)UZ/ thai ra, vUt bo
disposal (n) /di'sp;)uzll sv thai ra, v{rt b6
25. deplete (v) /d1'pli:tl lam suy ySu, hlm ki~t s(rc
depletion (n) ldr 'pli:Jnl S\f lam suy ySu, S\f lam ki¢t sue
26. fauna (n) /' f~:n~l h~ d()ng v~t
flora (n) /'fl~:r~/ h~ tlwc v~t
27. awareness (n) l~'we~n;)s/ nh~n th{rc
raise awareness of sth nang cao nh?n th{rc vS
28. tackle (v/ n) /'t[ekl/ giai quy~t, x{r ly
29. inorganic (adj) l.m~:'gremk/ vo ca
30. polar ice melting a
/'p;m};)(r)ars'meltu]/ S\f tan bang dja C1JC

II.

WE UP 11125
 ,; ;--------------------------------------~,

I
/
1. pollute= contaminate (v) =lam b~n ' \
\
I 2. preservation= conservation (n) = bao v~, bao t6n
3. destroy= damage (v) = pha huy
4. fauna and flora= animals and plants (n) = d9ng th\fC v?t
5. emission= discharge (n) = sv thai ra, sv toa ra
6. poisonous =toxic (adj) = d9c 1wi
7. catastrophic= disastrous (adj) = tham kh6c
8. solve= tackle= deal with (v) = giai quyet
9. dispose= release (v) =thai ra
\ 10. threat= danger= risk (n) = sv nguy hi~m, m6i de d9a /

' '---------------------------------------~ ;'

PRACTICE
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
1. Sulphur dioxide is one of several ___ that are released into the atmosphere by
coal-fired power stations.
A. polluted B. pollutants C. pollution D. pollutant
2. Untreated ___ is being pumped into the sea, which pollutes the beaches.
A. sewage B. gases C. contamination D. chemicals
3. It is essential to raise the public ___ of protecting and preserving the
environment.
A. thought B. idea C. action D. awareness
4. The ___ of the rainforests is contributing to global wam1ing.
A. conservation B. provision C. destruction D. instruction
5. There are various measures that could be implemented to _ _ the problem of
global wanning~
A. tackle B. solve C. cope with D. All are correct
6. The ___ that farmers spray on their crops kill pests, but they can also pollute the
environment.
A. pesticides B. fe1iilizers C. fossil fuels D. fumes
7. The gases ___ from industrial zones, power plants, boilers, heating systems and
vehicles can lead to serious air pollution.
A. recycled B. reduced C. emitted D. provided
8. The earth's rising temperature leads to extreme weather events and natural _ __
such as droughts, rainfall and hurricanes.
A. disaster B. disastrous C. disastrously D. disasters

\VE UP 11126
9. It is predicted that the world's rainforests could completely disappear in 100 years at
the current rate
estation . deforestation C. eradicatio D. preservation
10. Planting trees can have a significantly beneficial impact on reducing soil ___ .

*****

I. TiJ'Vl/NGTRQNGTAM
1. endangered species (n) lml demd3~d spi:fi:zl cac lo<li c6 nguy ca bi tuy~t
I

cht'mg
2. endanger (v) lmldemd3~rl Eun nguy hi~m
endangennent (n) lmldemd3;mn~ntlsv· gay nguy hi~m
dangerous (adj) lldemd3~r~sl nguy hiSm
3. \Vorld Wildlife Fund (WWF) lw3:ld lwaildlmffAndl T6 chuc Qudc t~ ve
Bao t6n Thien nhien
4. enact (v) hlmekt/ ban hanh
enactment (n) lr nrektm~ntl
I S1J ban hanh
5. habitat (n) /'hrebJtretl moi truemg sdng
inhabit (v) lm'hrebitl a, sdng a(nai nao)
inhabitant (n) lm' hrebit~ntl ngm)'i ho~c d<)ng v~t cu tru
6. desertification (n) ldr,z3:tifi 'keifnl S1J sa m~c h6a
7. urbanization (n) I, 3: b~nm 'zeif~nl S1J do thi h6a
urbanize (v) I' 3: b~naizl dothih6a
urban (adj) !'3:b~nl thu<)c thanh ph6, thanh thi
8. vulnerable (adj) /'vAln~r~bl/ d~ bi t6n thuang
vulnerability (n) I, VAlll;)l'~ 'bilJtil tinh chftt d~ bi t6n thuang
9. wildlife (n) 1\vmldlmfl d<)ng v~t hoang da
10. vegetation (n) I, ved3;) 'teifnl cay co, thvc v~t
11. exploitation (n) I, ekspl::n' terf;)n/ sv khai thac, b6c 19t
exploit (v) IIk'spbrt/ khai thac, b6c l<)t
exploitable (adj) Ilk' spl::nt~bl/ c6 th~ khai thac, b6c 19t
12. extinct (adj) !Jk' Stii]ktl tuy~t chung
extinction (n) IIk' stnJkfn/ sv tuy~t chung
13. poach (v) lpdutfl san tr<)m, san b~t trai phep

WE UP 11127
 poacher (n) /'p~utf~(r)/ ke san trom
14. logging (n) /'lngn]/ vi~c d6n g6
15. survive (v) /s~'vmv/ s6ng sot, t6n tl;li
survival (n) /s~'vmvl/ S\f s6ng sot, S\f t6n tl;li
16. shelter (v/ n) /'felt~(r)/ che ch&, bao v~/ ch6 ~n miu
17. allocate (v) /'rel~keit/ phan ph6i, phan b6
allocation (n) /,rel~'kelfn/ S\f phan ph6i, s~r phan b6
18. enemy(n) /'en~mi/ kethu
19. reproduce (v) /,ri:pr~'dju:s/ sinh san
reproduction (n) /,ri:pr~'dAkfnl S\f sinh san
20. exotic (adj) IIg' znt1k/ 1?, hi@m
21. rare (adj) /re~(r)/ quy hi~m
22. regulation (n) /,regju'leifn/ S\f quy dinh, s~r ki6m soat
regulate (v) !'regjuleit/ ki~m soat, quy dinh
23. deterrent (n, adj) /d1'ter~nt/ di~u ngan ch?n
deter (v) /di't~:/ ngan can, ngan ch?n, can tr&
24. sanctuary (n) /'sreiJktfu~ri/ khu bao t6n
25. adapt (v) /~'drept/ thich nghi
adaption (n) /,redrep'f~n/ s~r thich nghi
26. aquatic (adj) /~'kwretik/ s6ng &m6i tnr(mg nu&c, thuy sinh
27. migration (n) /mm'greifn/ s~r di tru
migrate (v) /mm'greit/ di tn1; di cu
28. be driven to the verge of... bi d~y d@n ba V\fC cua ...
II. CAC C!P Tif DONG NGHiA, TRAI NGHiA TRUONG G!P
~~--------------------------------------------,,
( 1. urban (adj) thu<)c thfmh ph6, thfmh thi ><rural (adj) thu9c n6ng th6n \
2. shelter= protect (v) = bao v~
3. result in= lead to (v) = dfi'n d@n
4. deter= prohibit (v) = ngan ch?n, can tr&
5. rare= scarce (adj) = hi€m, it co
6. inhabit= settle (v) = djnh cu, sinh s6ng
7. die out= become extinct (v) = tuy~t chimg
8. disappear= vanish (v) = bi~n mfit
I
\
9. endangered (adj) dang g?p nguy hi6m ><secured (adj) duqc bao v~, an to~m 1
I
' '~--------------------------------------------;/

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 PRACTICE
Mark the C, or to indicate the correct answer to each of tire following
questions.
1. Many species are _ _ in the wild due to habitat destruction by man.
A. threaten B. threat C. threatening D. threatened
2. The government should take measures to prevent wild animals from being _ __
uncontrollably.
A. protected B. maintained C. poached D. inhabited
3. Severe punishments, such as life imprisonment, can serve as a strong _ _ against
the illegal hunting of wild animals.
A. dete1Tent B. prohibit C. encouragement D. addition
4. These animals cannot ___ if their habitats are destroyed.
A. surpass B. survive C. migrate D. regulate
5. Deforestation will result in the _ _ _ of rare animals due to the loss of their
habitats.
A. extinction B. extinctive C. extincted D. extinct
6. \Vhen some animals move to other places, they ___ to their new environment
very quickly.
A. adopt B. learn C. solve D. adapt
7. When a speci~s experiences serious levels of habitat loss, its population _ _ and
it can become endangered.
A. increases B. expands C. declines D. grows
8. Habitat loss is also occmTing in ___ environments like rivers, lakes, wetlands
and oceans.
A. forest B. aquatic C. humid D. fetiile
9. Some whales into warm waters to bear their calves.
A. migrate B. migration C. migrant D. migrating
10. Because of people's ___ with the environment, many kinds of plants and
animals are becoming rare.
A. interaction B. interpretation C. interference D. influence
*****

\VE UP 11129
 TOPIC 12. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
(CAc TO CH(lc QUOC TE)

I. TUVl/NGTRQNGTAM
1. appeal (nl v) lg'pi:l/ keu gQillai keu gQi
2. dedicate (v) /' dedrkertl c6ng hi~n
dedication (n) I, dedr 'kerfgnl SlJ c6ng hi~n
dedicated (adj) /' dedikeitrdl t~n tt,1y, t~n tam
3. initiative (adjl n) II'mfgtivl b~t d~u, sang ki~n
initiate (v) II'mjieitl kh&i d~u
initiation (n) h,mJi'eifgn/ SlJ kh&i xu6ng
4. hesitate (v) /' heziteitl do d\r, ng~p ngung
hesitation (n) I, hezi' teifgnl S\r do d\r, ng?p ngtrng
5. aim (n/ v) lenni nwc dichl c6 m\lC dich
6. inspire (v) lm' spaigrl truy~n dim htrng
inspiration (n) I, mspi 'rerfgnl cam h1rng
7. epidemic (n) I, epr' demrkl b~nh djch
8. tsunami (n) ltsu: 'na:mil song th~n
9. soldier (n) /' sgold3g(r)l nguailinh
10. delegate (n/ v) /' dehggtl(n) nguai d~i bieu, nguai d~i di~n
delegation (n) l,deh'gerfn/ phai doim, dofm d~i bi~u
11. convention (n) /kgn'venfn/ hi~p dinh
12. federation (n) I, fedg 'reifn/ lien doim
13. treaty (n) l'tri:til hi~p u6c, SlJ thoa thu?n
14. emergency (n) !J'm3:d3gnsil SlJ khfin dp, tinh tr~ng khfin dp
15. relief (n) ln'li:fl S\f c(ru t~, SlJ trq dp
relieve (v) lri 'li:vl giup da, cliu giup, c(ru trql an
i1i, lam yen long
16. temporary (adj) /' temprgril t~m thai, lam thai
temporarily (adv) /'temprgrglil t~m thai, lam thai
17. headquarters (n) l,hed'kw;:,:tgzl sa chi huy, tl'\1 sa chinh
18. arrest (vi n) lg'restl b~t gifr
19. impartial (adj) lim'pa:fgll cong biing, khong thien vi
impartialitY, (n) I, rm,pa:Ji 'reb til tinh cong biing, tfnh khong thien vj
20. neutral (nl adj) /'nju:trgll nu6c trung l?pl trung l~p
neutralist (n) I' nju:trghst/ nguai ung h() chit nghia trung
l?p

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21. stand for (v) lstrend fg(r)l la chfr vi~t t~t c1m ...
22. humanitarian (adj) lhju:, mrem' tegri-Jt11 tinh nhan d~o
humanity (n) lhju: 'mrengtil lo;li nguai, nhan lo~i
23. immorality (n) I, m1g 'rrelgti/ S\l' tnii d~o d{rc, S\l' tnii luan ly
immoral (adj) /r'murgll tnii dc;to due, tnii luan Iy; ddi b;;ti
immorally (adv) II'mm-Jlil ddi b~i, tnii v&i luan thuang dc;to
ly
24. phenomenon (n) lf'd 'numm-Jnl hi~n tm;ng
phenomena (n) lfg'nummJI nhfrng hi~n tm;mg (s6nhiSu)
25. bilateral (adj) l,bm'lretGmll song plmong
bilaterally (adv) I, bar' lretgr-Jlil song plmang
26. UN= the United Nations (n) Lien HQ'P Qu6c
27. WTO World Trade Organization T6 chuc Thuong mc;ti Th~ gio·i
28. WHO= World Health Organization T6 chuc Y t~ Th~ gi&i
29. UNICEF= The United Nations Children's Fund Quy Nhi ddng Lien Hqp
Qu6c
30. ASEAN =Association of Southeast Asian Nations Hi~p h<)i cac qu6c gia Dong
NamA
II. cAc C~P Tif DONG NGHiA, THU'ONG
~~-~------ ------------~----------------------,,
devoted= dedicated (adj) t~n tam, t~n tvy
, " 1. \
2.aim= purpose (n) = mvc tieu, nwc dich :
3.relief= assistance (n) = cuu trq, trq giup 1
I
4.impartial (adj) tfnh COng b~ng ><biased (adj) thien Vt I
I
5.establish= set up (v) = thimh l~p 1
I
I
6.prosperity (n) sv git\u co, thinh vuqng ><poverty (n) s~r ngheo nim, bfin ctmg 1
1
: 7. comprise= consist of= include (v) = bao g6m, gdm co
I 8. appeal= call on (v) = keu gQi
I
I 9. interference= intervention (n) = sv· can thi~p, sv· xen vao I
I
\ 10. immoral (adj) sv trai dc;to due, sv trai luan ly ><moral (adj) d~o dire, dc;to ly I I
' ' '------------- ,.
- ---------------~ "'
PRACTICE
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
1. For most of recorded history, peace ___ have been the common instrument of
mankind to end war.

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 A. treaties B. appeals C. federations D. delegates
2. Emergency ___ services are delivered by organizations and help people to meet
immediate basic needs in times of crisis.
A. belief B. hesitation C. relief D. appeal
3. The United Nations is an intergovernmental organization to maintain
international peace and security.
A. initiating B. aiming C. supposing D. include
4. The United States and Vietnam established their relations in 1995 with a
friendship grounded in mutual respect.
A. trilateral B. multilateral C. lateral D. bilateral
5. The Red Cross is an international ___ agency which provides medical assistance
and other help to victims of disasters.
A. humanitarian B. humanity C. humankind D. humanization
6. WHO the World Health Organization, which is the United Nations
specialized agency for health.
A. stands out B. stands in C. stands for D. stands up
7. The World Wildlife Fund, which was founded in 1961, has its in New
York.
A. origin B. establishment C. initiation D. headqum1ers
8. AIDS is considered a global _ _. As of2018, approximately 37.9 million people
are infected with HIV globally.
A. tsunami B. phenomenon C. epidemic D. poverty
9. WHO's main activities are ___ research on medical developmelit and improving
health care.
A. to carry on B. to carry out C. to work on D. to make up
10. UNICEF mission is ___ for the protection of children's rights, to help meet
their basic needs and reach their full potential.
A. advocation B. advocate C. to advocate D. advocacy

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I. TRQNG
1. pandemic (n/ adj) /peen' demikl d~i dich
2. outbreak (n) /' autbreik/ S\r b-Lmg phat
3. infect (v) /m'fekt/ Hiy lan, truySn nhi~m
infectious (adj) /mlfekfgs/ c6 kha nang lay nhiSm
4. community spread (n)/kg, mju:ngti 'spred/ S\r lay nhiSm trong c()ng d6ng
5. super-spreader (n) /' su:pgspredg(r)/ nguai sieu lay nhi~m
6. novel (adj) /'mwl/ m&i, m&i 1~
7. respiratory (adj) /m sp1mtri/
I thu()c v~ h6 h~p, thu()c h~ h6
h~p
respiration (n) I, respg 'reifn/ S\f tha, Slf ho h~p, hO'i tha
respiratory droplets /rg' sprrgtri/ /' dmplgt/ nhftng giQt dich h6 h~p
8. symptom (n) /' SI111p.tgm/ tri~u ch(mg
symptomatic (adj) I, sunptg mcet1kl (thu()c)
I tri~u cht.'rng; la m()t tri~u
cht.'rng
asymptomatic (adj) I, eisrmptg 'mcetik/ kh6ng tri~u cht.'rng
9. diagnose (v) /' daiggnguz/ ch~n doan
diagnosis (n) I, dmgg 'ngosis/ sv ch~n doan, l(yi ch~n doan
10. transmit (v) /trcenz 'mit/ tmySn nhiSm
S\f truy~n nhiSm
1
transmission (n) /trcenz 1mfnl
11. person-to-person /'p3:.sgn tu: 'p3:.sg11/ tu nguai sang nguai
12. case(n) /kers/ ca nhi~m
13. quarantine (n) /'kwnrgnti:n/ S\f each ly, ki~m djch
14. vaccine (n) /lvceksi:n/ vac-xin
vaccinate (v) /'vceksmert/ chung ngira, tiem chung
15. incubation period (n)/ Il)kju'berft11 /'prgrigd/
1
giai do~n u b~nh
16. lockdown (n) I' lnkdaun/ sv phong toa
17. screening (n) /' skri:ml)/ kham sang lQC
18. isolate (v) I' msg le~t/ co l~p, each ly
isolation (n) /,msg'leifn/ S\f each Jy
self-isolation (n) I self ,arsg 'leifn/
I S\f tg each ly
19. social distancing (n) /' sguj1/ /' distgnsrl)/ gian each xa h()i
20. curfew (n) /'k3:fju:/ l~nh gi&i nghiem, sv gi&i
nghiem

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21. precaution (n) /pn 'k;,:fn/ S\r phong ngira, sv d~ phong
22. restriction (n) /n'stnkfn/ S\f h?n ch~, S\f gi&i Iwn
restrict (v) /n' strrkt/ Iwn ch6, gi&i h?n
23. hygiene (n) l'hard3i:n/ v~ sinh
hygienic (adj) /hm'd3i:mk/ hqp v~ sinh
24·. gathering (n) /' greo~nlJ/ S\f tv t~p
25. test (v/ n) /test/ xet nghi~m
26. positive (adj) /'pnz~trv/ duang tinh
negative (adj) /'neg~trv/ am tinh
27. immune (adj) h'mju:n/ mi~n dich
immunity (n) II'mju:n~ti/ sv mi~n dich '
herd immunity (n) /,h3:d 1'mju:n~ti/ mi~n dich c()ng d6ng
28. contact tracing (n) l'ka:n.trekt ,trei.Sil)/ truy d~u ti6p xttc
29. ventilator (n) /'ventilert~(r)/ may tha
30. mild (adj) /maild/ nhy, khong nghiem trQng
31. pathogen (n) /'pre8~d3~nl mAm b~nh, ngu6n b~nh
32. contagious (adj) /k~n'terd3~s/ truy6n nhi~m, d8lay Ian
contagion (n) /k~n'te1d3~n/ sv lay Ian
II. cAc Ci).P TU DONG NGHiA, TIUI NGHiA THU'ONG Gj).P
/
,------------------------------------------, '
,' 1. restrict= limit (n) = h?n ch~, gio·i h?n \
2. quarantine= isolate (v) =each ly
3. positive (adj) duang tinh ><negative (adj) am tinh
4. hygiene= sanitation (n) = v~ sinh
5. transmission= spread (n) = S\f lay Ian, Hl.y truy~n
6. prevention= avoidance (n) = sv ngan ngua
7. treatment= cure (n) = sv di~u tri, chua b~nh
, 8. mild (adj) nhy, khong nghiem trQng ><serious (adj) nghiem trQng /
'~-----------------------------------------~;
PRACTICE
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
1. Travelers arriving from the infected area were immediately put in _ _ .
A. isolate B. isolated C. isolative D. isolation
2. In light of the recent COVID-19 outbreak, Vietnam has imposed several travel
___ on those entering the country.
A. regulations B. unlimitation C. restrictions D. screenings

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3. Reducing ___ can help minimize the risk of virus transmission.

4. All passengers from abroad to Vietnam must _ _ for 14 days to curb the spread
ofCOVID-19.

5. Everyone must strictly practice personal _ _ measures such as wash hands with
soaps or regularly wear masks.
siene . hygienic C. hygienist D. hygienically
6. ___ of the, coronavirus have been confim1ed in many countries, raising concerns
about a potential global pandemic.

7. Ho Chi Minh City has imposed a(n) _ _ from 6pm to 6am to prevent the spread
ofCOVID-19.

8. Hundreds of millions of people throughout the world are _ _ with COVID-19.

9. She had no idea her husband was infected with coronavirus because he was _ _
nptom asymptomatic C. symptoma D. asymptom
10. Lots of festivals and outdoor activities are ___ due to the coronavims pandemic.

*****

TOPIC 14: ECONOMIC REFORMS

(NHUNG cAl eAcH KINH TE)

I. TlJ'V\fNG
1. economic (adj) /,i:k;)'nmmk/ (thu<)c) kinh tS
economy (n) h'kun;)mi/ nSn kinh tS
economics (n) /,i:kg'nmmks/ kinh t~ hQc
economical (adj) /,i:kg 'num1kl/ tiSt ki~m
2. reform (n/ v) /n'f:nn/ S\1' cai each, cai t~O
3. commitment (n) /b 'mitmgnt/ sv cam kSt
commit (v) /kg'tmt/ h(ra, cam kSt
4. domestic (adj) /dg'mestik/ n<)i dja, trong mr6c
5. enterprise (n) I' entgpraiz/ c6ng ty, doanh nghi~p
6. illegal (adj) h'li:ggl/ bit hqp pluip

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 illegally (adv) !I'li:g~lil b~t hqp phap
illegality (n) I IIli Igrel~til SlJ kh6ng hgp phap; tinh kh6ng hqp
phap
7. inflation (n) lmlfleifnl S\r l~m phat
inflate (v) lml fle1tl l~m phat, gay I~m phat
8. intervention (n) llint~'venfnl S\f can thi~p
intervene (v) I Imt~ Ivi:nl xen vao, can thi~p
9. investment (n) lin'vestm~ntl SlJ dfru tu, v6n dftu tu
invest (v) lin'vestl dfru tu
investor (n) lmlvest~rl nha dfru tu
10. land law (n) llrend b:/ lu~t d~t dai
11. legal ground (n) /'li:gl graundl C(J SCr phap ly
12. renovation (n) llren~'veiJnl S\f cai tien, S\f d6i mai
renovate (v) /' ren~veitl nang cfrp, s1ra chua, d6i m6'i
13. sector (n) !'sekt~l khu VlJC, !Inh V\fC
14. stagnant (adj) /' stregn~ntl tri tr~, dinh tr~
stagnate (v) lstreglneit/ lam tri tr~, dinh tr~
1 sAbs~dil
1

15. subsidy (n) bao dp, trg dp

subsidize (v) /' sAbsidaizl trq dp, ph\I dp
16. substantial (adj) ls~b 'strenj11 quan tn,mg, dang k~
17. constantly (adv) l'kmst~ntlil lu6n lu6n, lien tvc
constant (adj)
18. restructure (v) II ri:'strAktfQI tai C(J cau
19. achievement (n) l~'tji:vmQntl thanh t~,m
achieve (v) l~'tji:vl d~t dugc
20. standard (n) /' strend~dl tieu chuAn
21. officially (adv) IQ'fiJQ!il m<)t each chinh thuc
official (adj) l~'fifQll chinh thuc
22. export (vi n) l'eksp;:,:tl xu~t khAu
1 Imp;:,:t/ nh~p khAu
1
import (vi n)
23. industry (n) l'ind~stril c6ng nghi~p
industrial (adj) lm IdAstriQII thu9c v~ c6ng nghi~p
industrialize (v) lm IdAstri~laizl c6ng nghi~p h6a
24. agriculture (n) /' regnkAltfg(r)l n6ng nghi~p
agricultural (adj) I Iregn IkAltJ~rQl/ thu9c v~ n6ng nghi~p
25. construction (n) lkgn'strAkfnl nganh xay dl,l'ng
constmct (v) lkgn'strAkl xay dl,l'ng

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26. /'fif~ri/ (n) ngh6 danh b~t ca
27. !'f:lristri/ Him nghi~p
28. (n)/di'vebpHJ 'kAntri/ mr&c dang phat tri~n
developed countty (n)/di'velJpd 'kAntri/ mr&c phat triSn
under-developed country(n) !'Andg(r) di'veJgpt 'kAntri/ mr&c kem phat triSn
29. discourage (v) /dis'kArid3/ linn nim long, linn nlwt chi
to discourage sb from sth(v) ngan can ai h\m gl
30. highly-qualified (adj) /'hadi 'kwolrfmd/ c6 du trinh d() chuyen mon
II. cAc Ci).P TU DONG NGHiA, TRAI NGHiA THU'ONG G~P
~ ------- -----~------------------------~---,
'\
/1. economical= cost-effective (adj) = ti~t ki~m \
I
2. economical (adj) ><wasteful (adj) lang phi
3. illegal (adj) b~t hqp phap >< legal (adj) hqp phap
4. boost (n) =advance (n) = S\f thttc dAy, nang cao
5. renovate (v) d6i m&i, cai tiSn, stra chua l~i ><demolish (v) pha huy
6. stagnate (v) Utm dinh tr~, tri tr~ ><strengthen (v) dfty m~nh, tang cucmg
substantial= considerable (adj) =dang kS

PRACTICE
1vlark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
l. One of the most important measures to be taken to promote the _ _ of a country
is to constantly carry out economic refonns.
A. developing B. development C. developed D. develop
2. The Land Law and the Enterprises Law have encouraged both ___ and foreign
private investment.
A. domestic B. abroad C. public D. oversea
3. Vietnam's access to the WTO should provide an important ___ to Vietnam's
economy.
A. decrease B. intervention C. boost D. investment
4. Thanks to the economic reforms, ___ exports of Vietnam have constantly
increased.
A. industrial B. constructional C. productive D. agricultural

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5. The introduction of appropriate fam1ing practices to Vietnam farmers can help them
achieve a higher ___ .
Jroductivity B. productive C. production roduct
6. The authorities are determined to take tougher ___ to reduce crime.

7. Before the economic reforms, the country had experienced many years of a(n) _ _
economy.
jeveloping B. stagnant C. dynamic :tive
8. After the economic refmms, people's ___ have been significantly raised.

9. In _ _ _, the government encouraged people to plant more forests and woods and
conserve them as well.

10. The economic reforms were applied in some _ _ of the economy.

*****
TOPIC 15. WAYS OF SOCIALIZING
(CAC eAcH THUC GIAO TLEP xA HOI)

I. TiJ'Vl/NG TRQNG TAM

1. socialize (v) /' s~mJalaiz/ giao luu, hoa nh~p xa h9i
socialization (n) I, saufalm 'zeifnl sv hoa nh~p xa h9i
social (adj) /'saufal/ c6 tinh xa h9i, thu9c v~ xa h9i
society (n) /sa' saJati/ xa h9i
2. verbal (adj) l'v3:bal/ b~ng lCri n6i
non-verbal (adj) /,nnn'v3:bal/ khong bitng lai n6i
verbalize (v) /'va:balaiz/ dien d~t thfmh lai
3. posture (n) /'p;:,stfa(r)/ tu th€, dtmg di~u
4. gesture (n/ v) /' d3estJa(r)/ di~u bQ,cu chi, d9ng tac
5. facial (adj) /'feij1/ (thu9c) m~t, khu6n m~t
facial expression (n) I 'feij1 Ik'sprefn/ biSu cam khu6n m{H
6. approach (n/ v) /a'prautf/ each ti€p c~n, d€n gfin
7. communication (n) /ka,mju:m'keiJanlsv giao ti~p, truy~n thong
communicate (v) /kg'mju:mkeit/ giao tiep

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 communicative (adj) /k~' mju:mk~tiv/ co tinh giao tiSp
8. (n/ v) /' kmnphm~nt lai khen/ khen ngQ'i
compliment sb on sth (v) khen ngQ'i ai do vi~c gi
complimentary (adj) /,kmnpli'ment~ri/ca ngQ'i, ca t\mg, tan t\mg
9. argument (n) /' a:gjum~nt/ sv tranh 1u~n
argue (v) /' a:gju:/ tranh lu~n, tranh dii
argumentative (adj) /,a:gju'ment~trv/ coly, colu~n chung, logic
10. marvelous (adj) /'ma:v~lgs/ ky di~u
marvel (n) /'ma:vgl/ diSu ky di~u
11. interruption (n) I,mtg 'rApf~m/ s\r ng~t lai, sv gian do~n
intelTupt (v) I, mtg 'rApt/ ng~t lai, linn gian do~n
12. courtesy (n) /'k3:tgsi/ sv ljch sv, nha nh~n
courteous (adj) /' k3:tigs/ lich sv, nha nh~n
13. attention (n) /g'tenfn/ sv chtl y
attentive (adj)/g'tentrv/ cham chu, cht1 y, luu Hlm
pay attention to sb/ sth chu y dSn ail cai gi
attract sb's attention gay (tlm hut) st,r chu y ct\a ai
14. signal (n/ v) /'signgl/ ddu hi~u, tin hi~u/ ra hi~u
signal (adj) /'signgl/ n6i b~t, dang chtl y
15. behave (v) Jbi'heiv/ cu xt\·, d6i xir
behavior (n) /br' hervjgr/ hanh vi, each CU Xlf
behavioral (adj) /br 'hervjgrgl/ thu{)c hanh vi, cu xir
misbehave (v) /,mrsb1 'herv/ cu xu khong dung d~n
16. informal (adj) /in'f';):ml/ thfm m~t
formal (adj) /'f:nnl/ trinh trQng
informality (n) /in'[;) :mliti/ st,r than m~t
17. obvious (adj) /'nbvigs/ ro rang, hiSn nhien
obviously (adv) /'nbvigsli/ ro rang, hi~n nhien
obviousness (n) I' nbvigsngs/ sv hiSn nhien, ro rimg
18. express (v) /iks'pres/ bi~u 1{), bi~u hi~n
expression (n) Ilk' sprefn/ S\f biSu 1{), biSu hil$n
expressive (adj) Ilk' spresrv/ diSn cam
19. coherent (adj) I, mkgu 'hr~rgnt/ m~ch l~c, ch~t che
coherence (n) /kgu 'hrgrgns/ tinh m~ch l~c, ch~t che
20. insult (v/ n) /'msAlt/ lang m~, si nh\lc
21. imitate (v) /'imiteit/ noiguang, b~tchu&c
imitation (n) I, nm 'teJfn/ sv noi guang, b~t chu&c

'VVE UP 11139
 imitative (adj) /' nmt~t1v/ b~t chu&c, m6 phong
22. applaud (v) /~'pb:d/ v6 tay hoan nghenh, ca ngqi
applause (n) /~'pb:z/ S\l' hoan nghenh, S\t tan thu&ng
23. emphasis (n) /'emf~sis/ S\f nhftn m~nh
emphasize (v) /' emf~sarz/ nhftn m1;1nh
emphatic (adj) IIm'fretik/ nhftn nwnh, nh~n giQng
24. ambiguous (adj) /rem 'bigju~s/ kh6 hi~u, rna h6, nh~p nh~ng
ambiguity (n) /,rembr'gju:~ti/ SIJ t6i ngh!a, rna h6, nh~p nh~ng
25. implicit (adj) /nn'phsrt/ ngam, an
implicature (n) I'Imphk~tJ~(r)/ ham y, ng1,1 y
26. contradict (v) /lknntr~~drkt/ mau thufin v&i, dii l~i, phtl nh~n
contradiction (n) I knntr~ drkfn/ S\f mau thufin, S\f trai nguqc
I I

contradictory (adj) /lknntr~' d1kt~ri/ mau thufin, trai nguqc

27. stimulating (adj) /'stimjulertn]/ kich thich, khuy€n khich
stimulate (v) /' stnnjuleit/ kich thich, khuy€n khich
stimulation (n) /lstnnju'lelfn/ sv kich thich, khuy€n khich
II. cAc C~P TiJ' DONG NGHiA, TIUI NGHiA THU'ONG G~P
~ ,------------------------------------------~ '
/ 1. courtesy= polite (adj) = lich S\f, nha nh~n \
1
2. courteous (adj) ><discourteous/ impolite/ rude (adj) th616, bftt l!ch SIJ ~
3. signal= outstanding (adj) = n6i b~t, dang chtl y :
4. attentive (adj) chtl y, cham chu ><neglectful (adj) xao nhang, kh6ng chu y :
5. informal= friendly (adj) = su6ng sa, than m~t :
6. obvious= apparent= clear (adj) = hi~n nhien, r5 rang :
7. imitate= mimic (v) = b~t chu&c, lam theo 1
I
8. emphasize= accentuate (v) = nhftn m~nh 1
I
9. implicit (adj) ngfim, fin>< explicit (adj) r5 rimg, dut khmit 1
I
',I 0. contradict= conflict (v) = mau thufin, trai nguqc /'
'-------------------------------------------'
PRACTICE
k/ark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
1. He was _ _ in his speech the assumption that they were guilty but no one realized.
A. contradicted B. attentive C. marvelous D. implicit
2. When we speak, we use a kind of communication called "body language" or
communication".
A. non-verbal B. verbal C. signal D. implicit

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3. Using our hands, we can _ _ our main points and let our listeners know when we
are changing topics.
nulate 3. emphasize C. argue D. intenupt
4. Probably the most common way of attracting someone's ___ is by waving.

5. It is usually considered ___ to point at other people.

6. In many cultures, people signify their agreement by ___ their head.

7. Children first leam non-verbal expressions by watching and ___, much as they
leam verbal skills.

8. Thanks to the invention of the telephone, we can _ _ with others all over the
world.

9. She is careful and courteous, so she often receives lots of _ _ from everyone.

10. She was struggling to organize her ideas into a _ _ whole.

*****

TOPIC 16. URBANIZATION

(EJO TH! HOA)

I. Vl/NG TRQNG
1. urbanization (n) /,3:b;;mar'zeifn/ do thi h6a
urban (adj) !'3:b~n/ thu(>c v~ thanh thi, thanh ph6
counter-urbanization (n)/,kauntg ,3:b~nai'zeifn/ phfm do thi h6a, dan dan
2. centralize (v) /'sentr~larz/ t~p tnmg
3. population (n) /,pupju'leifn/ dan s6, dan cu
populate (v) /'pupjulert/ 6, cu tru
4. dense (adj) /dens/ day d?c, dong di1c
densely (adv) /'densli/ day d?c, dong due
density (n) /'dens~ til sv dong due, m~t d<)
5. downmarket (adj) /,daun'ma:kit/ gia re, binh dan
6. long-lasting (adj) /,lnlJ 'la:stilJI keo dai, di~n ra trong thai gian dai

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7. migrate (v) /ma1' greit/ dicu
migrant (n) I' margr;;}nt/ nguaidicu
8. immigrate (v) /' rmigreit/ nh~p cu
immigrant (n) /' umgr;;}nt/ dan nh~p cu
9. sanitation (n) I, srem 'te1Jnl v~ sinh
10. slum (n) /sLmll nha 6 chu9t
11. make a living (v) /me1k ;;} 'hvn)l ki~m s6ng
12. backward (adj) /'brekw;;}d/ ch~m phat tri~n; l~c h~u
13. crime (n) /krann/ tQi ac, S\f plwm tQi
criminal (n/ adj) /'knmml/ ten t9i ph~m/ c6 t9i, plwm t9i
14. expand (v) !Ik'sprend/ trai ra, ma r9ng
expanse (n) !Ik'sprens/ sv ma r9ng
15. industry (n) /' md;;}stri/ nganh c6ng nghi~p
industrial (adj) /m' dAstri;;}l/ thu9c v~ c6ng nghi~p
industrious (adj) /m' dAstri;;}s/ din eli, sieng nang
industrialize (v) /m' dAstri;;}larz/ c6ng nghi~p h6a
industrialization (n) /m,dAstri;;}lar'zerfn/ S\f c6ng nghi~p h6a
16. dweller (n) /' dwel;;}(r)/ nguai (y (nai nao d6), cu dan
17. modern (adj) /'mndnl hi~n d~i
modernize (n) I' mnd;;}narz/ hi~n d~i h6a
modernization (n) I, mnd;;}nai' zerfn/ sv hi~n ct~i hoa
18. suburban (adj) /sg'b3:bgn/ ango~i 6
suburb (n) !'sAb3:b/ vung ngo~i 6
19. wealth (n) !we lSI sv giim c6, nhi~u ctm cai
wealthy (adj) !'welei/ giau c6, nhi€u cl'm cai
20. infrastructure (n) /' mfrgstrAktfg(r)/ ca sa h~ tcing
21. resident (nl adj) /' rez1dgnt/ dan cu/ cu tru, thuang tni
residence (n) /'rezid;;}ns/ sv a, sg cu tru
residential area I, rezr' denj1' e;;}ri;;}/ khu dan cu
22. adequate (adj) /'redikw;;}t/ dtt, dfty dtl
adequacy {h) /' redikw;;}si/ sv dfty du ,
23. tendency (n) /'tend;;}nsi/ xu huang, chi~u huang
24. interest-free (adj) /,mtr;;}st 'fri:/ kh6ng tinh lai/ kh6ng Iai sufit
25. mindset (n) /'mamdset/ djnh ki~n
26. self-motivated (adj) /,self 'mgutiveitrd/ tg t9o d9ng lvc cho ban than
27. thought-provoking (adj) /'8;:,:t pmv~mkilJI dang d~ suy nghi
28. overload (v) /,;:mva'l:md/ lam cho qua tai

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29. IOlli:l~mterm (adj) /'lm]t3:m/ (adj) d~Li lwn
30. inst:ability (n) I, mstg'bihti/ tinh khong 6n dinh, khong kien djnh
stability (n) /stg' bil::Jti! tfnh 6n dinh, kien dinh
stable (adj) /' ste1bl/ 6n djnh, kien djnh

II.
,. -----------------------------------~---- ....
/

/ 1. urban (adj) thu<)c vS thimh thi ><rural (adj) thu<)c v~ nong thon '\ \

I 2. populate= inhabit (v) = 6·, cu tru

3. downmarket (adj) gia re, binh dan>< upmarket (adj) d~t ti~n, xa xi
4. focus on= concentrate on (v) = t~p trung viw
5. flooded with= crowded with (adj) = dlly, ch~t, dong due
6. mindset outlook (n) = quan dibm, each nhin
7. cope with= deal with (v) = d6i ph6, duong d:iu vai
8. densely (adj) dong due>< sparsely (adj) thua that
1 9. long-lasting (adj) h'iu dai, bSn vfi·ng ><transient (adj) thoang qua,
~ nhanh chong
\ 10. long-term (adj) dai h~n ><short-term (adj) ng~nlwn '
'~-------------------------~-------------~~/
PRACTICE
1l1ark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
1. It's essential that the govemment should build big cities and upgrade the ___ in
rural areas.
A. intl-astructure B. entertainment C. instruction D. productivity
2. ___ is the process by which urban areas grow bigger as more and more people
leave the countryside to live in towns and cities.
A. Urbanize B. Urbanization C. Urban D. Counter-urbanization
3. People ___ to urban areas on a massive scale due to lack of resources in rural
areas.
A. immigrate B. migrate C. migrant D. immigrant
4. Urbanization can offer people from rural areas not only opportunities for better-paid
jobs, but also ___ to education, entertainment and other social services.
A. access B. provision C. contribution D. distribution
5. High rates of urbanization can contribute to high rates in big cities.
A. criminal B. criminality C. crime D. criminalize

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6. In the absence of adequate medical services, poor _ _ in big cities may cause
health hazards.
~ducation B. entertainmem C. transpotiation mitation
7. A disadvantage caused by urbanization is the lack of affordable housing in big cities,
which can result in growth of _ _ .

8. Nowadays, lots of people move to urban areas to look for job oppmiunities as well
as _ _ employment.

9. The documentary about life in the slums was really ___ and was followed by a
lot of questions about the solutions to this problem.

10. Traffic _ _ is a big problem in the city because the road system is unable to cope
with the increasing number of cars.

*****

TOPIC 17. POPULATION

(DAN SO)

I. Ti:r'Vl/NG TRQNG TAM

1. population (n) I, pnpju' leJfnl dan s6, dan cu
overpopulation (n) I, ~uv~ ,pnpju' leifn! Sl,f qua tai dan s6
populate (v) l'pupjuleit/ a, cu tru
populous (adj) /'pnpj~l~sl dong dan cu
overpopulated (adj) I, ouv~'p:Jpjuleitidl qua dong dan
2. crowded (adj) /'kraudid/ dong due
overcrowded (adj) I, ~uv~ 'kraud1dl qua dong d1tc
3. burgeoning (adj) /'b3:d3~nn]l tang dt nhanh
4. alarming (adj) I~' la:mnJI dang bao d<)ng
at an alanning rate amuc dang bao d<)ng
5. birth-control method (n) /'b~:ek~n'troul 'me8~d/ phuang phap lwn ch€ sinh san
6. death rate (n) /'dee reit/ ti 1~ ttr vong
birth rate (n) /b3:8 reit/ ti 1~ sinh
7. abortion (n) l~'b:J:fnl sv pha thai, sv sfty thai
abort (v) /~'b:J:tl pha thai, sfty thai

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8. /'fremili plrennJ/ kS ho~wh h6a gi? dinh
I

9. /I ri:pr~~ dAktiv/ thu()c sinh sim

reproduction (n) I lri:pr~ dAkfn/ I S\1' sinh san
10. implement (v) /'implim~nt/ thvc hi¢n
implementation (n) I nnp lrmen terfn/
I sv thi hanhI

11. explosion (n) 1Iklspl~u3n/ sv bung n6

explode (v) hklspl~ud/ n6, bung n6
12. policy (n) /'pul~sil chinh sach
policymaker (n) /'pul~silmerk~(r)lngm)'i ho~ch djnh chinh sach
13. distribution (n) I d1stn bju:fnl
I I s\f phan b6
distribute (v) /drlstnbju:t/ phan b6
14. life expectancy (n) I lmf 1kspekt~ns il
I tu6i th9 trung binh
15. lifespan (n) I larfsprenl
I tu6i th9
16. malnutrition (n) I lmrelnju tnfn/ S\1' h~m dinh dm3'ng, S\f thiSu an
I

17. starvation (11) /stu: lverJ11/ 11~11 d6i, sv thiSu an; S\l' ch~t d6i
starve (v) lsta:v/ chSt d6i, thiSu an
18. persistent (adj) /p~ srst~11tl Idai d~ng, lien tvc
persistence (n) /p~ srst~ns/ IS\f dai d~ng, lien tvc
19. generation (n) /ld3en~~rerJnl thS h¢
20. insurance (n) /m 'fu~r~nsl S\r bao hi~m
21. accommodation (n) I~ lkumg derfnl ch6 an ch6 6 I

22. scarcity (n) I ske~s~ti/

I S\fkhanhiSm
scarce (adj) /ske~sl khan hi~m, ft c6
23. percentage (n) /pg sent1d3l Iti 1~ phdn tram
percent (n) /pglsentl phdn tram
24. gender (n) /' d3endg(r)l gi6'i tfnh
gender imbalance /'d3endg(r) rmlbrelgnsl S\f mftt can b~ng gi6'i tinh
25. ageing population (n)/' erd311] lpupju lerfn/ gia h6a dan s6 I

26. burden (n) /'b3:dn/ ganh n~ng

27. pressure (n) /'prefg(r)l ap ll,l'c
pressurize (v) /' prefgrarzl gay ap ll,l'c, gay sirc ep
pressurization (n) I lprefgrm zeifn/ S\T gay ap lv·c, gay SlfC ep
I

28. incentive (n) lm sent1vl I S\f khuySn khich, S\f khich 1~

29. megacity (n) /'meg~sitil thanh ph6 Ian
30. poverty (n) /'p:w~til sv ngheo d6i
impoverish (v) !Imlpuv:mf/ bdn cimg hoa, lam cho ngheo khd

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II. cAc Ci).P TU DONG NGHiA, TRAI NGHiA THUONG Gi).P
1/
;-----------------------------------------, '
1. starvation= famine (n) = n~m d6i \
I
2. explosion =bomb (n) = S\f bung n6
3. scarcity= shortage (n) = sv khan hi~m, thi~u Iwt
4. grow.th (n) sv gia tang>< decline (n) sv svt giam
5. death rate= mortality (n) = ti 1~ tt'r vong
6. populous= crowded (adj) =dong due
7. implement= cany out (v) = ti~n himh
\ 8. densely (adj) dong dttc ><sparsely (adj) thua th6t
' '----------------------------------------~
PRACTICE
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
1. One of the major challenges of the growing population of elderly people is that it
puts a heavy _ _ on the health care system.
A. insurance B. burden C. poverty D. problem
2. _ _ of population caused a lot of problems such as shortage of food, lack of
hospitals and schools, illiteracy, and low living standards.
A. Explosive B. Explode C. Explosion D. Explosity
3. Scientists say that the main reason for population bomb is a _ _ in death rates.
A. decline B. increase C. rise D. improvement
4. It is apparent that the world's population is ___ unevenly in the world.
A. contributed B. located C. attributed D. distributed
5. China is one of the most _ _ populated countries in the world.
A. sparely B. sparsely C. scarcely D. densely
6. Overpopulation and environmental contamination are the most important factors
leading to ___ .
A. starvation B. famine C. hunger D. All are coiTect
7. World Population Day, which is observed annually on July 11, aims to raise _ _
of global population problems.
A. awareness B. solutions C. actions D. thought
8. A solution to the population explosion is to provide safe and inexpensive _ __
methods.
A. birth- B. birth-control C. control-birth D. controlling-birth
controlling

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9. The population density is high in the southeast: 43 _ _ of the land contains most
of its population.
·centage 3. percentages C. percent D. percents
10. Government can control the rapid growth of population by strictly ___ family
planning policies.

*****
TOPIC 18. NATURAL DISASTERS
(THIEN TAl)

I. TU' Vl/NG TRQNG TAM

1. natural disaster (n) I Im:etjh'll drl za: st~(r )I thchn lwa thien t:hien, thien tai
2. cyclone (n) /' saikloun/ I6c xoay
3. hurricane (n) l'h3:r~keml bao l&n, sieu bao
4. typhoon (n) ltmlfu:nl bao nhi~t d6i
5. drought (n) ldraut I h~,m han
6. flood (n) !f1Ad I h1 1\lt
7. thunderstorm (n) !'8And~stnnl bao c6 s:im set
8. earthquake (n) !'3:8kweikl d<)ng dftt
9. aftershock (n) II reft~nfa:kl du ch:in
10. landslide (n) lllrendslmd/ s~t 1& d:it
11. tsunami (n) ltsu: Ina: mil s6ngth~n
12. tidal wave (n) /'tardl WCIVI song th~n
13. wildfire (n) l'waildfai I chayrimg
lvn 1 kem~ul
1

14. volcano (n) nui lua

volcanic (adj) lvnllkremkl (thu<)c) nui ltra
1
15. erupt (v) li rAptl phun trao
eruption (n) /i'rApf~n/ s1,r phun tnio
eruptive (adj) /i'rAptivl n6i len, btmg len
16. abrupt (adj) ~~~brAptl thinh linh, b:it nga
abruptness (n) I~ lbrAptn~sl sl,l' bftt nga, sv d<)t ng<)t, sv v(>i va
17. ozone depletion (n) /'~uz~un di pli:fnl Sl,l' suy giam tfing 6-zon
1

18. precipitation (n) lpnlsrprlterfnl ltrQ11g mua

19. collapse (vi n) lk~~lrepsl dd s~p
20. devastate (v) I IdeV;:)Steit/ pha ho~i, tim pha
devastating (adj) I Idev~steitll]l tfm pha, pha lmy, pha phach

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 devastation (n) /, dev;) 'steifnlpha ho~i, ran pha
S\f
21. inundate (v) l'mAndeit/ gay ng~p lvt, lam Ivt
inundation (n) S\f ng~p l\}t, lu l\}t
I, mAn' de Ifni
22. evacuation (n) sv sa tan, tan cu
II,vrekju' eifnl
evacuate (v) II'vrekjueit/di tan, sa tan
23. nationwide (adj/ adv) /,neifn'wmd/ph(;lm vi ca mrac, toan qu6c
worldwide (adj/ adv) /,w3:ld\vmd/ tren to an thS gi ai
24. precaution (n) /pn'k:):fn/ S\f de phong, phong ngua
25. aftermath (n) h~u qua (sau 1 tham hQa)
/' reft;)rmre8/
26. substantial (adj) /s;)b'strenj1/
dang k€, quan trQng
27. extensive (adj) Ilk' stens1v/to Ian, r<)ng rai
extensive damage thi~t h~i Ian
Ilk' stensiv 'drem1d3/
28. formidable (adj) /f;)'mid;)bl/du d<)i, kinh khimg, ghe gam
29. wipe out (v) /warp aot/ pha huy, x6a b6
30. homeless (adj) /'h;)oml;)s/ kh6ng cira kh6ng nha, v6 gia cu
homelessness (n) tinh tr~ng kh6ng cua kh6ng nha,
/' h;)Offi};)Sn;)S/
tinh tr~ng v6 gia cu
II. CAC C~P TU DONG NGHiA, TAAI NGHiA THUONG G~P
, ,. ,------------------------------------------, ' \
I 1. devastating= disastrous (adj) =tan pha, pha huy, pha phach \
I
2. devastation (n) S\r pha ho~i, tan pha >< constmction (n) S\f xay d\rng
3. substantial= significant (adj) =dang k~, quan tn;mg
4. fonnidable =fierce (adj) = dfr d<)i, kinh khimg, ghe gam
5. inundation= flood (n) = lu lvt, ng~p lvt
6. wildfire= forest fire (n) = chay rung
7. wipe out= eradicate= erase (v) = pha huy, x6a b6
8. abmpt = sudden (adj) = b~t nga, b~t thinh linh
1 9. extensive= huge (adj) =to l&n
\ 10. severe= harsh= (adj) = kh~c nghi~t, dfr d<)i
''------------------------------------------~"
PRACTICE
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
1. In the ___ of the earthquake, lots of houses and buildings were destroyed.
A. aftermath B. aftershock C. situation D. drawback
2. A ___ is an event of prolonged shortages in the water supply, whether
atmospheric, surface water or groundwater.

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3. Thousands of people had safety before the typhoon struck yesterday.
1cuation 3. evacuating C. evacuate D. evacuated
4. The 7.9-richter scale emihquake nearly _ _ half of the city and thousands of
people were killed because of buildings collapse.

5. The storm last night completely _ _ all the crops in my village.

:out . erased out C. deleted ow D. wiped out
6. Natural disasters, from tsunamis to wildfires, can cause wide-ranging and long-tem1
___ for ecosystems.

7. Thousands of people have been made _ _by the disastrous storm and are in need
of food, clothing and shelter.

8. The storm caused damage to running water networks, sanitation facilities,

schools, clinics, houses and communal infrastructures.

9. Thousands of people were saved because scientists had warned them about the
volcanic - -

10. Tidal waves are the result of a(n) ___ shift in the underwater movement of the
Eatih.
·upt . expected C. normal D. ordinaty

*****

I. TiJ' Vl/NG TRQNG

1. artificial intelligence/, a:trfrj1 m' tehg:ms/ tri tu~ nhan t9o
2. activate (v) /'rektrvert/ kich ho9t
activation (n) /,rekti'verfn/ S\r kich ho9t
3. algorithm (n) /' relg~mo~m/ thu~t toan
4. automated (adj) !'J:t~meitidl duqc t~ d<)ng h6a
automation (n) /,J:t~'meifn/ S\r ~ d<)ng hoa; ky thu~t t\r
d<)ng

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 automatic (adj) I, :J: tg' mcetild t\1 d(>ng
5. cyber-attack (n) /' saibgrgta;k/ Hin cong m~mg
6. exterminate (v) Ilk' st3:mmeit/ tieu di~t, h1ty di~t
extermination (n) Ilk, st3:m1' neifn/ S\1 tieu di~t, sv huy di~t
7. faraway (adj) /' fa:rgwei/ xaxoi
8. hacker (n) I' ha;kg(r)/ tin t?c
9. implant (v) lim 'pla:nt/ dy ghep
10. incredible (adj) /m 'kredgbl/ dang kinh ng~c
incredibly (adv) /m'kredgbli/ kh6 tin n6i, dang kinh ng~c
11. malfunction (n/ v) I, mrel' fAIJkfn/ S\f tq1c tr?c
12. navigation (n) /,ncev1' geifnl sv di l~i tren bi~n ho?c tren
khong
navigate (v) /' ncevigeit/ di l~i tren bi~n ho?c tren khong
13. resurrect (v) I, rezg 'rekt/ lam s6ng l~i, plwc h6i
14. function (v/n) l'fAIJkfn/ v~n hanh
functional (adj) l'fAIJkfgnl/ hfru d\lllg, thi~t th\TC
15. satellite (n) /' sretglait/ v~ tinh, v~ tinh nhan t~o
16. spacecraft (n) /' spe1skra:ft/ con tau vu tn,1
17. mimic (v/ n) /'mimik/ b~t clm6'c
18. precise (adj) /pn' sms/ ro rang, chinh xac
precisely (adv) /pn' saisli! m(>t each ro rang, chinh xac
precision (n) /pn's13nf S\1 r5 rang, chinh xac
19. prediction (n) /pn'dikfnl d\r doan, dv bao
predict (v) /pn'd1kt/ dv doan, d\r bao
predictable (adj) /pn' diktgbl/ c6 th8 doan tru6'c, c6 th8 dv
do an
20. supersonic (adj) /,su:pg'sumk/ t6c d(> sieu thanh
21. complexity (n) /kgm 'pleksgti/ sv pht'rc t~p
complex (adj) /'kmnpteks/ pht'rc t~p
22. hazardous (adj) /'ha;zgdgs/ nguy hi~m
hazard (n) /'hrezgd/ m6i nguy h~i, S\f nguy hi~m
23. robotics (n) /rgo' but1ks/ khoa hQC nguai may
robot (n) /'rgo'but/ nguai may
robotic (adj) I mo'bntik/ nhu nguai may' may m6c
24. surveillance (n) /s3: 'veilgns/ sv qm\n thuc, sv quan d6c
25. foundation (n) /faun' deifn/ CO' SO, nen tang
26. analyze (v) /' rengJmz/ phan tich

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 analysis (n) I'd' nrel:Jsisl sv phan tich
27. (v) lm' dentifaii nh~n ra, phat hi~n
identification (n) lai, dentrfr 'ke1Jnl S\f phat hi~n, sv nh~n di~n
28. cognition (n) lkug'mfnl nh~n th1rc
cognitive (adj) /'kugn:Jtrvl lien quan dSn nh~n thuc
29. intensive (adj) lm' tensivl t~p trung, chuyen sau
30. terrorist (n) l'ter~mstl ngm)'i tham gia khtmg b6
ten-orism (n) I' ter:Jnz:Jml sv kh1mg b6
II. cAc C~P TU BONG NGHiA, THU'ONGG~P
....
"' 1.
- ----------~--------~-----------~ ~ ------~
'
I
I
faraway= distant (adj) = xa xoi ' \\
I
I 2. incredible (adj) kh6 tin n6i, dang kinh ng1;1c ><believable (adj) c6 th~ tin I
I I
duqc, dang tin c~y I
I
3. malfunction= defect (n) = sv tn,1c tr~c, hong I
I
4. predict= forecast (v) = dlr doan, dv bao I
I
5. complex= complicated (adj) = ph1rc t1;1p I
6. detect= recognize (v) = phat hi~n
7. exterminate= destroy (v) = huy di~t, pha huy
8. genuine (adj) th~t, xac tlwc ><fake (adj) gia, gia 1111;10
9. complexity (n) sv ph1rc t1;1p ><simplicity (n) sv dan gian
\ 10.________
...... mimic= imitate (v) = b~t clm6·c
..... __ _ /
' ---------- ------~--------~---' "'
PRACTICE
1t!ark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
1. Thanks to breakthroughs in satellite and spacecraft technologies, scientists will be
able to make more precise ___ about extreme events.
A. contributions B. predictions C. decisions D. activations
2. Atiificial intelligence is a set of _ _ and intelligence to try to mimic human
intelligence.
A. interventions B. surveillances C. calculations D. algorithms
3. When it comes to repetitive, detail-oriented tasks like _ _ large numbers of legal
documents, AI tools often complete jobs quickly and with relatively few enors.
A. analyzing B. analyze C. analysis D. analyst
4. Many industries today use highly ___ vehicles that can drive with almost no
human intervention.
A. automate , B. automation C. automated D. automaton

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5. In ___ , GPS (Global Positioning System) gadgets assist drivers and pilots in
detennining the best routes to their destination by avoiding obstacles, traffic jams, and
accidents.

6. Modem robots will be more intelligent and replace humans in many _ _ jobs and
environments.

7. The use of driverless cars and _ _ cameras will substantially reduce traffic
accidents and violations.

8. In hospitals, robots will work as medical doctors performing operations on patients,

and helping human doctors to _ _ damaged organs.
tdentifying B. identificatio C. identity entify
9. One effective method to secure your devices from _ _ is to install a firewall and
antivirus software.

10. People fear that machine ___ could be ham1ful and dangerous, and humans
might lose control over them.

*****
TOPIC 20. SPORTS
(THETHAO)

I. Tif Vl/NG TRQNG TAM

1. athlete (n) /' re8li:t/ v~n d(>ng vien
athletics (n) /re9 'letrks/ mon di~n kinh
athletic (adj) /' reeli:t/ thu(>c di~n kinh
2. champion (n) /'tfrempi;Jn/ nha vo dich
championship (n) /'tfrempidnl ch{rc vo dich
3. penalty (n) /'pen;Jlti/ hinh ph~t/ ctl plwt d~n
penal (adj) /'pi:n;J}/ thu(>c vS hinh ph~t
penalize (v) /'pi:n;}larz/ ttirng ph~t
4. defence/defense (n) /dr'fens/ biw v~
defensive (adj) /dr'fensiV/ c6 tinh phong thu, th~ phong
thu

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 defend (v) /d1'fend/ phongthu
5. (n) /g' pgungnt/ d6i phuang, d6i thit
6. defeat (v) /dr' fi:t/ dimh bc;ti
7. host nation (n) /h:mst 'nerfn/ nu6'c chu nha
8. stimulation (n) I, stnnju' leifgn/ S\f kich thich, kich d(>ng
stimulate (v) I' stnnjulert/ kich thich, kich d(>ng
9. enthusiasm (n) /m' 8ju:zi.ezgrn/ sv say me, S\f nhi~t tinh
enthusiast (n) /rn'8ju:zi.est/ ngu·ai c6 nhi~t tinh, say me
enthusiastic (adj) /m, 8ju:zi '<estikl hang hai, nhi~t tinh; say me
10. solidarity (n) I, su h' drer;:,ti/ sv doim k~t
11. spirit (n) I' spmt/ tinh thdn
spiritual (adj) /' spmtfu;:,l/ (thu(>c) tinh thdn, tam h6n
12. energetic (adj) I, eng' d3et1k/ mc;tnh me, ddy nghi lvc
13. motivation (n) /,m~Jutr'verfn/ Sl)' thtlC dAy, d(>ng 1\rC
motivate (v) f' mgutiVeit/ thuc dAy, lam d()ng lvc thuc
d~y
14. compete (v) /kgm'pi:t/ thi d~u, cc;tnh tranh
competition (n) I, kmnp;:,' trfn/ sv cc;tnh tranh, cu(>c thi
competitive (adj) lk'dm 'pet'dtivI tfnh qmh tranh, dua tranh
competitiveness (n) /kgm 'pet'dtivngs/ tinh qmh tranh, tinh dua tranh
15. organize (v) /'::>:ggnaiz/ t6 ch{rc
organization (n) /,J:ggnai 'zerfn/ t6 chu·c, ca quan
organizational (adj) I, ::>:g;:,nm 'zeif'Jnl/ (thu(>c) t6 chuc, ca quan
16. participate (v) lpa: 'trsipert/ tham gia, tham dv
participation (n) /pa: ,tisi'peifn/ S\r tham gia, tham dv
17. medal (n) /'medl/ huy chuang
18. record (n) /'rek::>:dl ky h,lC
break the record pha ky 1\lc
19. victory (n) /'vrktgri/ S\f' chiSn th~ng, sv th~ng lqi
victorious (adj) /v1k' tJ: rigs/ chi~n th~ng, khai hoim
20. referee (n) /,reb'ri:l trc,mg tai
21. outstanding (adj) Iaut' strendn]l xu~t s~c, n6i b~t
22. ambassador (n) /rem'bresgdg/ dc;tisu
23. spectator (n) /spek' teitg(r)/ khan gia (ngoai trai)
audience (n) /'J:digns/ khan gia (trong h(>i tnrcmg)
viewer (n) /'vju:gr/ khan gia (xem truySn hinh)
24. embark+ on/ upon (v)hm'ba:k/ dAn minh vao, b~t tay vao

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 (c6ng vi~c gi...)
25. injury (n) /'md3;:lri/ ch~nthuong
injure (v) /in'd3;:l(r)/ lam t6n tlmang, him bi thuong
26. interpersonal (adj) /,mt;:l'p3:s~nl/ giua ca nhfm v&i nhau
27. weightlifting (n) /'weitlrftii]/ Clr t~
28. scuba diving (n) /'sku:b;:l dmviiJ/ m6n l~n
29. archery (n) /'a:tf;:)ri/ b~n cung
30. wrestling (n) /'reslil)/ m6n d~u v?t
II. CAC C~P T{J' DONG NGHiA, TRAI NGHiA TRUONG G~P
,~-------------------------------------------,,
/ \
I 1. participate= take part in (v) = tham gia, tham dl,l' \
r
2. stimulate= arouse (v) = khu~y d<)ng, kich d<)ng
3. start= kick off (v) = b~t d§u
4. winner (n) nguai th~ng cu<?c ><loser (n) nguai thua cu<?c
5. compete= battle (v) = thi d~u, tranh d~u
6. outstanding= noticeable (adj) = n6i b?t, dang chu y
7. motivation (n) S\f thuc d~y, d<)ng lvc ><deterrent (n) cai lam nan long, cai
lam nh1,1t chi
8. injure= damage (v) =lam bi thuong, t6n thuang /
\ /
' '-------------------------------------------~
~

PRACTICE
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
1. Vietnam U23 Football team had a historic _ _ over Qatar in the semi-final of the
AFC U23 championship.
A. victoria! B. victorious C. victory D. victoriously
2. Achievements of female sports figures shown on TV can encourage those with
potential to _ _ on their sporting career.
A. participate B. engage C. compete D. embark
3. Team sports give players opportunities to ___ interpersonal skills, like teamwork
and communication skills.
A. develop B. defeat C. defend D. contribute
4. There are a number of athletics ___ regularly held around the world for
professional athletes, such as the World Championships or the European
Championships.
A. participations B. competitions C. stimulations D. organizations

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5. The Olympic ___ is shown when spectators applaud all the competitors, not just
the winners.
husiasm B. mentality C. mindset D. spirit
6. Every athlete has to struggle against difficulties such as ___ and defeats.

7. There are hundreds of thousands of ___ from all over the world coming to the
Olympics to support and cheer on their country's athletes.
wers . spectators C. audiences D. watchers
8. The logo of the company that ___ a football team is printed on the team's shitt.

9. The Gennan athlete is expected to _ _ the record for the high jump.

10. She had to contest against a very strong ___ for the championship.

*****
PHAN C: cAc KY NANG EM cAN

D~ hQC va 6n luy~n cho ph~n phat am, di€u quan trQng h1 cac em dn phih hQC din th~n
ca vb phfm nghia va ph~n phat am cua tu khi hQC tir vt,rng. Cac em co th~ chtl y cac
di~m sau:
- Kh6ng ap dvng thoi quen phat am ti~ng Vi~t vao phat am ti~ng Anh.
- Khong ap dt,mg each dQC am cua tir chtmg ta da biSt vao am Clla tu ta chua biSt.
- Ghi nh& ca ngh1a l~n each phat am khi hQC tu V\{Tig. Ccic em nen su d\mg tu di~n
Oxford d~ tra ph~n phat am d6i v&i nhfrng ru ma em chua bi~t (n~u kh6ng co sach,
cac em c6 thS tra trt,rc ti~p tren trang tlr di~n Oxford
ll.!!I2&!J.Y:i~Y.&~ml~t~IMl1fl!ill!.ill1~~J. Co dt nhi6u tnremg hqp ngo9i 1~, do do
cac em cfin tra tu diSn ld lm)·ng vb phat am khi hQc tir vvng.
Duo·i day la m(>t s6 quy t~c phat am cac em c~n n~m vCi'ng:

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I. eAcH PHAT AM "S" & "ES"
"s" & "es" duqc phat am hi:
o /s/: khi am cu6i cua tir duqc phat am la /p/, /kl, Iff, 191, It/.
Vi d1,1: stops /sta:ps/, works /w3rks/, laughs /la:fs/, wants /wnnts/
• /iz/: khi cite tt1 c6 t~n cling la: -s, -ss, -x, -ch, -sh, -ce, -ge
Vi d\1: misses ltmsiz/, washes /wnjiz/, teaches /'ti:tjiz/, oranges /'m.md3iz/
• /z/: khi am t~n c1mg tru&c nola nguyen am va cac ph\l am con lgi.
Vi d1,1: buys /baiz/, stands /stcendz/, requires /n lkwai~rz/
II. eACH PHAT AM "ED"
"ed" OUQ'C phat am la:
• It/: khi am cu6i cua d<)ng tu duqc phat am la /s/, ltfl, If/, /kl, /p/, If/
Vi d\1: stopped /smpt/, forced /6:stl, kissed /kist/, catched /kcetft/
• /id/: khi am cu6i cua d<)ng tu duqc phat am la /d/ ho~c It!.
Vi dv: provided /pr~~vmdid/, suggested ~~~d3estid/, devoted /dr'v~utidl
• /d/: khi d<)ng ill k~t thuc b~ng nguyen am va cac plw am con,lgi.
Vi d~1: measured /lme3~(r)d/, agreed/~ gri:d/, removed /n mu:vd/
I I

LU'u y: M<)t s6 twang hqp ngo?i 1~:

1

• beloved lbi 1Avid/ (adj) yeu thuang

• crabbed/' krceb.Id/ (adj) kh6 tinh, kh6 n~t
• crooked /' kruk.Id/ (adj) cong, o~n
• deservedly I di Z3:. vid.li/ (adv) xirng dang
I

• dogged /dugdi/ (adj) gan g6c, gan li, b~n bi

• hatred /' heitnd/ (n) long h~n thu
• leamed /' 13: .md/ (adj) uyen bac
• naked /' nei.lud/ (adj) trftn trpi
• ragged /'rceg.Id/ (adj) nhau, eli
• rugged !'rAg.Id/ (adj) g6 gh~, 1om ch&m
• sacred /' seiknd/ (adj) thieng lieng, tran trQng
• wicked /wikid/ (adj) tinh quai, ranh manh, nguy h?i
• wretched /lretf.Id/ (adj) kh6n kh6

PRACTICE
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from
the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. coughed B. watched C. sentenced D. traveled

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 educated display~ c. dieved

drink§. belief§. c.

challenges recogniz.t_ C. ocuses

laughter enough C. oug.h

*****

I. NGHiA VE TRQNG AM
Am ti~t ctuqc nhfin tn;mg am la am ti~t ctuqc phat am to han, giQng cao han
va keo dai han cac am khac trong cung m<)t ru·.
® Ta dung ki hi~u /'I d~t a phia tru&c, ben tren am ti~t c6 trQng am chinh.
Vi d1,1: begin lbi' gm/, father /'fu:.o;:)r/
II. QUY TAC DANH TRQNG
TrQng am chi rai vao nhfrng am ti~t m~nh (am ti~t chua nguyen am m;;mh, nguyen
am doi ho~c nguyen am dai). Cac am ti~t y~u khong nh~n trQng am.
1. Da sA d(}ng tir co 2 am ti~t thi trQng am roi vao am ti~t thu· 2.
Vi dv: become /bi'lv\111/, depend /d1'pend/, decide /di'sard/
1Vfi)t sJ trucmg lwp ngoc;i l?: answer/' u:n.s~r/, enter/' en.t;:)r/, happen /'hrep.~n/, offer
/'uf.~r/, open /';:)o.p~n/, visit /'viZ.Itl
sa
2. Da tinh tir va danh til' co 2 am tiM thi trQng am ro·i viw am ti~t thu· nh~t.

\VE UP !1157
Vi dl,l: pretty /'pnt.i/, table /'tei.bdl/, healthy /'hel.Oi/
M{Jt s6 tnu}ng h9p ngogi 1¢: advice /dd'vars/, machine /md 'ji:n/, mistake /mr' sterk/,
hotel/hdu'tel/, alone /d'ldun/, extreme IIk'stri:m/, ...
3. Cac tir co t~n cimg b~ng cac h~u tA sau co trQng am chinh roi v~o am ti~t ngay
tru6'c h~u tA do.
• -tion: attraction /d 'trrek.fdn/, reputation /,rep.jd'tei.fdn/
• -sion: dimension /,dm'men.fdn/, decision /dr's13.dn/
• -ic: dramatic /drd 'mretrk/, economic /,i:kd 'nnmrk/
• -ity: diversity /dar'v3:.sd.ti/, ability /d'bildti/
• -ety: variety /vd'rm.d.ti/, society /sd'sar.d.ti/
• -ian: musician /mju: 'zrf.dn/, politician /,pnh'trf(d)n/
• -ible: responsible /n' spnn.sG.bGl/, accessible /gk' ses.G.bGI!
• -ive: competitive /kgm'pet.Ltiv/, expensive I rk'spensrv I
J\1{Jt s6 truimg h9p ngogi 1¢: television /'tel.I.VI3.dn/, politic /'pnl.I.trk/
4. Cac tir co t~n cimg b~ng cac h~u tA sau thuirng co trQng am chinh roi viw am
thu· 3 til: am cuAi len.
• -ous: dangerous/' dem.d3Gr.Gs/, humorous /'hju:.mgr/
• -al: identical/ar'den.tr.kGII, historical/hr'stm.I.kGl/
• -ate: generate /' d3en.G.rert/, eliminate /i' lrm.I.neit/
• -ise/ ize: modernize /'mnd.Gn.arz/, apologize I d'pn1Gd3AIZ I
• -gy: apology /g'pnl.d.d3i/, energy/' en.G.d3i/
• -phy: geography /d3i'ng.rG.fi/, photography /fg'tng.rG.fi/
• -try: chemistry /'kem.I.stri/
• -fy: identify /ar'den.ti.fm/, classify /'klresrfar/
5. Nhii·ng h~u tA sau thuimg dU'Q'C nh~n trQng am chinh.
• -ee: referee /,ref.G 'ri:/, interviewee /,m.tG.vju 'i:/
• -eer: engineer /end3r'mr/, mountaineer /,maun.ti'mgr/
• -ese: Vietnamese /vi:etng'mi:z/, Japanese/,d3rep.dn'i:z/
• -nique: technique /tek'ni:k/, unique /ju: 'ni:k/
• -ette: cigarette I, srg.Gr' et/, cassette /kg' set/
• -oo: bamboo /brem'bu:/, kangaroo /,kreiJ.gGr'u:/
• -oon: balloon /bg'lu:n/, typhoon /tar'fu:n/
• -esque: picturesque /,pik.tfgr'esk/
lvf{Jt s6 truimg h9P ngoqi 1¢: coffee /'knf.i/, committee /kG' tmt.i/, employee/ nn 'pl::n.i:/

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6. t8 va tB khi them viw tir am cua til'
do.
a. TiSn t6
• dis-: advantage /;)d'va:n.t1d3/- disadvantage /,drs.;)d'va:n.trd3/
• en-: courage /'kAr.rd3/- encourage /m'kAr.rd3/
im-: possible /'pns.;).b;)l/- impossible hm'pns.;).bgl/
in-: complete /kgm'pli:t/- incomplete /,m.kgm'pli:t/
• ir-: responsible /n' spnn.sg.bgl/- irresponsible I,Ir.r' spnn.sg.bgl/
• non-: addictive /g' drk.trv/- non-addictive /,nnn.g' dik.trv/
41 over-: estimate/' es.tunert/- overestimate /,gu.vg'res.tunert/
• re-: election /i 'lek.Jgnf- re-election/, ri:.r'lek.Jgn/
• un-: important lim 'pJ:.tgnt/- unimportant I,An.rm 'p::>:.tgnt/
b. H~u t6
• -ly: similar/' sim.I.lgr/ similarly/' snn.I.lgJi/
-ing: initate /'rr.I.tert/- irritating /'Ir.I.tei.tn]/
• -ed: interest/' m.tmst/- interested/' m.tm.strd/
• -less: drive/' drar.vm·/- driverless/' drar.vg.lgs/
41 -ful: beauty /'bju:.ti/- beautiful /'bju:.tr.fgJ/
• -er: office /' nf.Is/- officer/' nf.Ls0r/
-or: visit /'v1z.rt/- visitor /'vrz.r.tgr/
• -ment: ente1iain /en.tg'tem/- entetiainment /en.tg'tem.m;)nt/
• -ness: happy /'hrep.i/- happiness /'hrep.i.ngs/
• -ship: relation /n'leJ.fgn/- relationship /n'ler.Jgn.Jrp/
• -ous: continue /k;)n'tm.ju:/- continuous /kgn'tm.ju.gs/
7. Cac danh til' ghep thmrng c6 tr~mg am roi vao am ti~t thu: nh~t.
Vi dv:
airpmi /' e0pJ: t/
grandparents/' grren,pegr~mts/
handwriting I' hrend,rartnJ/
• goalkeeper/' ggulki:pg/
s. voi tinh tu: ghep
• Tilm nr ghep c6 du true N + Adj ~ trQng am rai viw am tiSt tht'r nhfit.
Vi d1,1: noteworthy /'noutw3:roi/, carsick/'ka:rsikl
• Tfnh tu ghep c6 du trt'1c: Adj +N-ed ho~c Adj + P.P ho~c Adv + V-ing ~
tn;mg am rai vao am tiSt tht'r hai.

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Vi d\l:
• broad-minded /brJ:d'mamdid/
• old-fashioned /ould 'freJnd/
o hard-working I 'hu:dw3:knjl

PRACTICE
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in
position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.
1. A. permission B. sensitive C. electric D. enonnous
2. A. accountant B. relation C. agreement D. recommend
3. A. privacy B. poverty C. religious D. ·poisonous
4. A. amazing B. neighborhood C. newspaper D. practical
5. A. beneficial B. scientific C. questionnaire D. committee
6. A. object B. receive C. travel D. accept
7. A. transportation B. necessity C. entertainment D. volunteer
8. A. compromise B. familiar C. considerate D. geology
9. A. finance B. greenhouse C. clever D. alone
10. A. proposal B. loneliness C. remember D. instruction

*****

· KY NANG 3: KY NANG LAM BAI DQC HIED

\I)

I. M<)T SO KY NANG LAM BAI DQC HIEU

1. DQc lu61: I§y ychinh (Skimming)
• Skimming laky nang dung m~t dQc lu&t qua toan b9 bai kh6a d~ xac dinh y chinh
va n9i dung bao quat cua bai.
• Cac bu&c tht,rc hi~n skimming:
+ DQC tieu d6 chinh va tieu d6 plw Clla bai van.
+ DQC ky do~n van dftu (bai day thuang la phftn dfin d~t cua tac gia vao chtl d6
chinh).
+ DQC cau rna d~u Clla ttrng do~n va dQC lu&t ph~n saud~ l~y y chinh ella do~n
d6. N()i dung chinh cua do~n thuang duqc d~t adftu do~n. Trong trucmg hqp
cau dftu do~n la lai dfin, hay m()t diu hoi thi y chinh c6 th~ se la cau cu6i
do~n.

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2. nhanh dii· chi
• la ky nang dQc nhanh dS l~y nhung du li~u qt thS, nhfrng thong tin chi
ti~t trong bai ma khong dn hi~u 11Qi dung cua bai dQC d6.
Cic bm1c tlwc hi~n scanning:
+ DQC diu hoi 7 xac djnh va ghi nh& thong tin dn tim ki~m, d\ra vao nhfrng tir
kh6a trong diu hoi. Ben qmh d6, xac dinh xem thong tin c~n tim ki~m la lol;li
thong tin gi (danh tu rieng/ chung, sd li~u, ngay thang nam, ... )
+ Quay tro· l~i bai dQc, dQc nhanh dS xac dinh vi tri cua thong tin dn tim.
II. cAc D~NG CAU HOI
1. Dl}ng 1: Cau hoi y chinh toim dol}n (main idea)
•!• DC;lng cau hoi:
• What is the topic/ subject/ main idea of the passage? (Chu aJ/ N(li dung chinh
czia ctoc;m van la gi?)
• What is the author's main point in the passage? (Lu(m aidm chinh dw tile gia
trong ctogn van Ia gi?)
•!• Cach l<'un:
® DQC tieu d~ chinh va tieu d~ plw cua bai van.
• DQc diu ma d~u cua tung doe;tn va dQc lu&t ph~n sau dS l~y y chinh tUng doe;tn.
• Cau hoi nay thucmg nen duqc lam cudi cung sau khi da tra lai cac cau hoi chi
tiSt tru6'c dS d6' m~t thai gian.
2. Dl}ng 2: Cau hoi v~ chi ti~t duqc nh~c d~n trong bai (stated detail question)
•!• DC;lng cau hoi:
• According to the passage, .. .
• It is stated in the passage .. .
• The passage indicates that .. .
• Which of the following is true ... ?
•!• each lam:
® DQC ky cau hoi va ge;tch chan keywords.
Di tim keywords ho~c m9t tu c6 nghia tuang du011g v&i keywords d6 trong
bai dQc.
e DQC 1-2 cau xung quanh keywords d6 7 xac dinh dap an.
3. Dl}ng 3: Cau hoi chi ti~t khong duqc nh~c trong bai (unstated detail
question)
•!• De;tng diu hoi:
• Which of the following is not stated ... ?
• Which of the following is not mentioned ... ?

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 e Which of the following is not discussed ... ?
o All of the following are tme except ...
•!• Cach Eun:
• BQc ky cau hoi, cac 1\ra chQn A, B, C, D va g<,1ch chan keywords.
0 BQC lu6t nhanh bai dQC d~ khoanh vung thong tin phtl hQ'P cho phfrn
keywords.
• BQc lu6t nhanh d~ khoanh v-Lmg thong tin ph-L1 hqp cho phfrn keywords. -7
ChQn phuang an khong duqc d~ c?p ho?c khong d{mg v&i bai dQC.
4. D~ng 4: Cau hoi v~ tiJ: Vl}.'ng (Vocabulary question)
•!• D~ng cau lioi:
• The phrase "ABC" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to .. .
• The phrase "ABC" in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by .. .
•:• each lam:
• BQc ca cau van ch1ra tu d6, c6 thS dQc ca 1-2 cau tm&c ho?c sau n6 r6i dva
vao ngfr canh d~ suy lu?n.
5. D~ng 5: Cau hoi lien h~ d~i tir
•!• D~ng diu hoi:
• The word "me/ that/ him" in the passage refers to ...
• What does the word "it/ their/ them" in line 3 refer to?
•:• Cach lam:
• 8Qc ca cau van chua d<,ii tlr d6, c6 thS dQc ca 1-2 cau tm&c n6.
• Dva vao nghia cua cac cau va suy doan -7 Lo<,1i bo cac phuang an ch~c ch~n
sai, chQn phuong an dung nhfrt trong cac phuang an con l(,li.
6. D~ng 6: Cau hoi ngv y
•!• D<,ing cau hoi:
• It is implied in the passage that ...
• It can be infened from the passage that ...
• Which of the following can be inferTed from the passage?
• What is the author's tone in the passage? positive (tich qrc ), negative (tieu
C\fC, neutral (trung I?p), supportive (img h9) ...
•!• Cach lam:
• D<,1ng cau hoi nay thuang nen lam sau cling, sau khi da hiSu duqc n()i dung
Clta bai dQC.
• BQC dap an, cac phuang an va g(,lch chan keywords.
• Ra soat l?i cac thong tin lien quan d~n keywords trong bai.
• Suy lu?n d\ra tren cac thong tin va keywords -7 chQn dap an phu hqp nhfrt.

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 PRACTICE
Exercise 1: Read the following passage and mark the letter or D to indicate
the answer to each of the questions.
Can talking on a mobile phone be hazardous to your health? It is difficult to
know for sure. Some research suggests that heavy users of mobile phones are at a
greater risk of developing cancerous brain tumours. However, many other studies
suggest there are no links between cancer and mobile phone use.
Over five billion people now use mobile phones on a daily basis, and many talk
for more than an hour a day. Mobile phone antennas are similar to microwave ovens.
While both rely on electromagnetic radiation (EMR), the radio waves in mobile phones
are lower in frequency. Microwave ovens have radio wave frequencies that are high
enough to cook food, and they are also known to be dangerous to human tissues like
those in the brain. The concem is that the lower-frequency radio waves that mobile
phones rely on may also be dangerous. It seems logical that holding a heat source near
your brain for a long period of time is a potential health hazard.
Some researchers believe that other types of wireless technology may also be
dangerous to human health, including cordless phones, wireless gaming consoles, and
laptop or tablet computers with wireless connections. They suggest replacing all
cordless and wireless devices with wired ones where possible. They also say that many
cordless phones can emit dangerous levels of Electromagnetic Radiation even when
they are not in use. They even suggest keeping electronic devices such as desk-top and
tablet computers out of the bedroom, or at least six feet from the head while we're
sleeping.
A growing number of health professionals worldwide are recommending that
mobile phone users en on the side of caution until more definitive studies can be
conducted. They use the example of tobacco to illustrate the potential risks. Many
years ago, people smoked freely and were not concemed about the effects of cigarettes
on their health. Today, people know that cigarettes cause lung cancer, though it is still
unknown exactly how or why. Some doctors fear that the same thing will happen with
mobile phones. In May 2016, the UK's Independent newspaper reported on research
by the US government's National Toxicology Program that showed a slight increase in
brain tumours among rats exposed to the type of radio frequencies commonly emitted
by mobile phones. This doesn't prove that mobile phones can cause brain tumours in
humans, but it does show that it's possible. As a result, many experts now recotmnend
texting or using head sets or speaker phones instead of holding a mobile phone to the
ear.
1. What is the author's main point in the passage?

WE UP 11163
 A. Wireless technology may also be dangerous to human health.
B. Mobile phones may have negative influences on our health.
C. There are no links between cancer and mobile phone use.
D. People now use mobile phones daily for different purposes.
2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the article?
A. gaming consoles B. cordless phones
C. tablet computers D. digital television
3. Which is NOT a fonn of electromagnetic radiation?
A. sound waves B. radio waves
C. microwaves D. mobile phones
4. The word "hazard" in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by __ .
A. advantage B. safety
C. threat D. accident
5. The word "they" in the fourth paragraph refers to _ _ .
A. mobile phone users B. health professionals
C. studies D. mobile phones
Exercise 2: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your
answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to the following questions.
Marcel Bich, a French manufacturer of traditional ink pens, was the man turning
the ballpoint pen into an item that today almost anyone can afford. Bich was shocked
at the poor quality of the ballpoint pens that were available, and also at their high cost.
However, he recognised that the ballpoint was a firmly established invention, and he
decided to design a cheap pen that worked well and would be commercially successful.
Bich went to the Biro brothers and asked them if he could use the design of their
original invention in one of his own pens. In return, he offered to pay them every time
he sold a pen. Then, for two years, Bich studied the detailed construction of evety
ballpoint pen that was being sold, often working with a microscope.
By 1950, he was ready to introduce his new wonder: a plastic pen with a clear
baiTel that wrote smoothly, did not leak and only cost a few cents. He called it the 'Bic
Crista!'. The ballpoint pen had finally become a practical writing instrument. The
public liked it immediately, and today it is as common as the pencil. In Britain, they
are still called Biros, and many Bic models also say 'Biro' on the side of the pen, to
remind people of their original inventors.
Bich became extremely wealthy thanks to his invention, which had worldwide
appeal. Over the next 60 years his company, Societe Bic, opened factories all over the
world and expanded its range of inexpensive products. Today, Bic is as famous for its
lighters and razors as it is for its pens, and you can even buy a Bic mobile phone.

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 (Trich ttJ thi minh h9a THPT Qu6c gia 2021)
1. \Vhat could be the best title for the passage?
A. From Mobile Devices to Ballpoint Pens
B. From a Luxtuy Item to an Everyday Object
C. Ballpoint Pen's New Design- For Better or Worse?
D. Biros- A Business Model in Britain
2. According to paragraph 1, Marcel Bich was shocked because _ _ __
A. a cheap pen could be designed with great commercial success
B. a firm was not established to produce high-quality ballpoint pens
C. most people could not afford such a firmly established invention
D. the ballpoint pens available were expensive despite their poor quality
3. The word "practical" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ___ .
A. accurate B. traditional
C. sharp D. useful
4. The word "which" in paragraph 4 refers to _ _ __
A. factories B. company
C. invention D. range
5. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as products of
Bich's company?
A. mobile phones B. lighters
C. pencils D. razors

l.CAC TRONG TIENG ANH

Nent/ was watching 8. C. am going to visit
~cvill come 9. A. had had
1ad left 10. D. will have finished
1as worked 11. A. was studying/ went
l.nished/ is playing 12. B. brushes/ goes
Nill be working 13. C. hasn't smoked

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7. B. wants

CHUYEN DE 2. D<)NG TU KHIEM KHUYET

I. C. must 6. D. couldn't
2. B. could 7. C. was able to
3. A. ought not to 8. B. needn't
4. A. should 9. D. Could
5. B. Could 10. A. may

CHUYEN DE 3. TU LO~I TIENG ANH

1. B. assistant 6. D. differences
2. A. a modern blue Japanese bike 7. B. environmental
3. D. slowly 8. C. disappointed
4. A. impossible 9. A. attractions
5. C. obedient 10. B. exciting

CHUYEN DE 4. GIOI Ti.J'

1. B. at/ in 6. D. of
2. C. for 7. A. about
3. A. at/ in 8. C. in common
4. D. by/ on 9. B. in! 0
5. A. of 10. B. of
CHUYEN DE 5. DANH D<)NG TU VA D<)NG Tlr' NGUYEN MAU
1. traveling 6. to pmticipate
2. to speak- speaking 7. to take - stepping
3. seeing - to become 8. to give- smoking
4. to play- help- to keep/ keep 9. turning - to watch
5. borrow - to return 10. drive- driving

CHUYEN DE 6. M~NH DE TR~NG NGU TRONG TIENG ANH

1. C. such an interesting performance 6. A. wherever
2. B. Although 7. B. As
3. A. in order that 8. C. After
4. C. despite 9. D. because of
5. D. will wait 10. B. When

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 7.
1. the 6. 0/ the
2. 0/0 7. 0/0
3. a/ a/ the/ the 8. a/0/ a/0
4. a/ the 9. the/ 0
5. 0/ the 10. an/ the

8.
1. D. who 6. C. to be rescued
2. B. whose 7. B. that
3. A. who 8. D. All are correct
4. D. Both A&B are correct 9. A. when
5. C. which 10. C. who

CHUYEN 9. cAc D~NG SO sANH

1. B. harder 6. C. more gracefully
2. A. more expensive 7. A. as many cakes as
3. C. the most delicious 8. B. hotter and hotter
4. C. the more tired he gets 9. C. as well as
5. B. more beautiful 10. D. the most fluently

CHUYEN D.E 10. CAU BJ DQNG

l. C. The book was taken from the desk by Jack.

2. B. Where is English spoken?
3. D. My room is going to be decorated next week.
4. A. His secretary was sent an email last night.
5. C. Tom is believed to have held a party last night.

DE 11. L()'I
1. D. where he lived then 6. C. congratulated
2. A. the following summer 7. A. helps
3. B. not to worry 8. D. had read
4. C. not to buy 9. B. for having damaged·
5. A. going 10. B. had sent

\VE UP 11167
 CHUYEN DE 12. CAU DIEU KI~N
1. B. listens 6. A. would have
2. A. had 7. B. Unless
3. D. will wake 8. C. would have given
4. C. wouldn't have been punished 9. D. promise
5. D. to be 10. A. won't happen

CHUYEN DE 13. CAU UOC

1. C. were 6. D. didn't have to
2. A. would travel 7. A. had told
3. C. would give up 8. B. stopped
4. B. had gone 9. C. hadn't done
5. D. would win 10. C. would give

CHUYENDE 14. THUC GIADfNH

1. B. complete 6. B. had gone
2. D. helped 7. C. to start
3. C. had studied 8. A. would get
4. D. not play 9. B. brush
5.A. be 10. C. were

CHUYEN DE 15. Sl/ HOA H<}P CHU NGU VA D<)NG Ti.J'

1. B. have lived 6. D. is
2. B. has increased 7. A. is drunk
3. C. is 8. C. investigate
4. D. are 9. D. are enrolling
5. A. drink 10. B. are/ is

CHUYEN DE 16. CAU HOI DUOI

1. C. did they 6. A. wouldn't they
2. B. does she 7. C. have they
3. D. isn't it 8. D. will you
4. A. isn't he 9. A. are they
5. B. didn't he 10. C. shouldn't you

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 17.
1. D. has gone up 6. B. looks up to
2. A. beat the clock 7. A. ran into
3. C. an eye 8. D. apple
4. B. get over 9. C. takes after
5. A. fingers 10. C. beans

TlJ'
TOPIC 1: HOME LIFE
1. B. look after 6. D. independent
2. A. responsible 7. C. mischievous
3. D. domestic 8. A. secure
4. C. under 9. B. attempt
5. A. breadwinner 10. C. join

TOPIC 2: ENTERTAINMENT AND LEISURE

1. D. well- attended 6. A. on/ of
2. A. enthusiast 7. D. instruments
3. C. time-consuming 8. B. world-renowned
4. B. recreations 9. A. hair
5. B. indulge 10. C. advertisement

TOPIC 3: EDUCATION
1. A. enrol 6. A. respectful
2. C. qualifications 7. C. diligent
3. C. extracunicular 8. B. compulsmy
4. B. practical 9. D. graduated
5. D. literate 10. C. discipline

TOPIC 4: WORK AND FUTURE CAREER

1. C. workforce 6. A. retirement
2. A. unemployment 7. C. candidate
3. B. against 8. A. dead-end
4. D. punctual 9. B. efficient
5. D. runs 10. C. bonus

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 TOPIC 5: CULTURE
1. C. shock 6. B. preserving
2. A. cultural- traditional 7. D. difference
3. B. influence 8. A. customs
4. D. superstitious 9. B. symbols
5. C. customary 10. D. arranged

TOPIC 6: GENDER EQUALITY

I. D. eliminated 6. A. imbalance
2. A. breadwinners 7. C. feminists
3. B. treatment 8. B. right
4. B. discrimination 9. A. contribution
5. C. preference 10. D. difference

TOPIC 7: TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE

1. A. experiments 6. D. revolutionized
2. C. breakthrough 7. B. innovation
3. B. advancement 8. C. applications
4. D. upgraded 9. A. eradicate
5. A. privacy 10. D. integrating

TOPIC 8: THE MASS MEDIA

1. D. means 6. B. Excessive
2. D. addicted 7. D. Social networking
3. A. explosion 8. C. with
4. B. journalist 9. A. cyberbullying
5. A. informed 10. B. transmission

TOPIC 9: ENERGY
1. B. Fossil fuels 6. B. environmentally-fhendly
2. A. exhausted 7. A. Alternative
3. B. renewable 8. D. demands
4. D. abundant 9. C. consumption
5. C. run out of 10. A. generate

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 TOPIC 10: ENVIRONMENT
1. B. pollutants 6. A. pesticides
2. A. sewage 7. C. emitted
3. D. awareness 8. D. disasters
4. C. destmction 9. B. deforestation
5. D. All are conect 10. A. erosion

TOPIC 11: ENDANGERED SPECIES

1. D. threatened 6. D. adapt
2. C. poached 7. C. declines
3. A. detetTent 8. B. aquatic
4. B. survive 9. A. migrate
5. A. extinction 10. C. interference

TOPIC 12: INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

1. A. treaties 6. C. stands for
2. C. relief 7. D. headquarters
3. B. aiming 8. C. epidemic
4. D. bilateral 9. B. to carry out
5. A. humanitarian 10. C. to advocate

TOPIC 13: CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 PANDEMIC

1. D. isolation 6. A. Cases
2. C. restrictions 7. C. curfew
3. B. gatherings 8. D. diagnosed
4. D. quarantine 9. B. asymptomatic
5. A. hygiene 10. A. cancelled

TOPIC 14: ECONOMIC REFORlVIS

1. B. development 6. C. measures
2. A. domestic 7. B. stagnant
3. C. boost 8. D. standards of living
4. D. agricultural 9. C. forestry
5. A. productivity 10. B. sectors

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 TOPIC 15: WAYS OF SOCIALIZING
1. D. implicit 6. D. nodding
2. A. non-verbal 7. C. imitating
3. B. emphasize 8. A. communicate
4. B. attention 9. B. compliments
5. C. rude 10. D. coherent

TOPIC 16: URBANIZATION

1. A. infrastmcture 6. D. sanitation
2. B. Urbanization 7. C. slums
3. B. migrate 8. B. stable
4. A. access 9. C. thought-provoking
5. C. crime 10. D. congestion

TOPIC 17: POPULATION

I. B. burden 6. D. All are conect
2. C. Explosiop 7. A. awareness
3. A. decline 8. B. birth-control
4. D. distributed 9. C. percent
5. D. densely 10. C. implementing
TOPIC 18: NATURAL DISASTERS
1. A. aftennath 6. A. consequences
2. C. drought 7. C. homeless
3. D. evacuated 8. B. extensive
4. B. devastated 9. D. eruption
5. D. wiped out 10. A. abrupt

TOPIC 19: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

1. B. predictions 6. A. hazardous
2. D. algorithms 7. C. surveillance
3. A. analyzing 8. D. identify
4. C. automated 9. C. hackers
5. D. navigation 10. B. malfunction

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 TOPIC 20: SPORTS
1. C. victory 6. A. injuries
2. D. embark 7. B. spectators
3. A. develop 8. C. sponsors
4. B. competitions 9. D. break
5. D. spirit 10. A. opponent

1: LAM T4-PPHAT
1. D. traveled 7. B. costumes
2. B. admired 8. C. photograph§.
3. A. educated 9. B. recognizes
4. C. ploughed 10. D. attend§.
5. A. beloved 11. A. heritage
6. D. program§. 12. C. thoughout

2: LAM BAI T4-P TRQNG

1. B. sensitive 6. C. travel
2. D. recommend 7. B. necessity
3. C. religious 8. A. compromise
4. A. amazing 9. D. alone
5. D. committee 10. B. loneliness

3: NANG LAM
Exercise 1:
1. B. Mobile phones may have negative influences on our health.
Giai thich:
A. Cong ngh~ khong day cling c6 thS nguy hiSm cho sue kh6e con nguoi
B. Di~n tho~i di d<)ng c6 thS c6 anh huang tieu eve dSn sue kh6e cua chtmg ta.
C. Khong c6 m6i lien h~ nao giua b~nh ung tlm va vi~c su d\mg di~n tho~i di d9ng.
D. MQi nguai hi~n nay s1r dvng di~n tho~i di d<)ng hang ngay cho cac tn\IC dich
khac nhau.
DS hiSu dUQ'C n9i dung chinh Clla ca bai dQC, ta dn hiSu n<)i dung chfnh cua tung do~n:

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 Do~n 1: Neu v~n d~: li~u n6i chuy~n qua di~n tho~i di d<)ng c6 nguy hi~m cho s{rc
kh6e khong?
Do~n 2: Buc x~ di~n tu tir di~n tho~i khi duqc d~t g~n nao c6 th~ nguy hi~m cho
sue kh6e.
Do:;tn 3: Cong ngh~ khong day cling c6 th~ nguy hi~m cho s{rc kh6e con nguai.
Do~n 4: Cac chuyen gia y t~ tren tofm th~ gi6i khuy~n cao r&ng nguai dung nen
th~n trQng khi su d~mg di~n tho~i di d<)ng.
~ Nhu v~y, y chinh cua bai dQc laB.
2. D. digital television
Giiti thich:
A. may chai game
B. di~n tho~i khong day
c. may tinh bang
D. truy~n hinh ky thu~t s6
D§n ch{mg: Some researchers believe that other types of wireless technology may also
be dangerous to human health, including cordless phones, wireless gaming consoles,
and laptop or tablet computers with wireless connections.
Dtch nghia: M9t s6 nha nghien cz'ru tin rimg cac loqi c6ng ngh¢ kh6ng day khac cLing
c6 thi gay nguy hdm cho sz'rc khoe con nguai, bao g6m di¢n thoc.ti klu3ng day, may
choi game kh6ng dliy va nuiy tinh xach lay ho(tc may tinh bang c6 kh nbi kh6ng day.
3. A. sound waves
Cai nao KHONG phai Et m<)t d~.mg Clla buc X~ di~n ru?
A. song am
B. song vo tuy~n
C. vi song
D. ang-ten di~n thm.1i di d<)ng
D§n chtrng: Mobile phone antennas are similar to microwave ovens. While both rely
on electromagnetic radiation (EMR), the radio waves in mobile phones are lower in
frequency.
Dich nghfa: Ang-ten cua di?n thoqi di ct9ng tzrong ll;t nhzr Ia vi song. Trang khi ca hai
aJu d~ta vao bzi·c xq di?n ttl· (EMR), song v6 tuy~n trong di¢n thoqi di tl9ng c6 tim sb
thdp han.
4. C. threat
Giai thich:
A. lqi th~
B. an toan
C. m6i de dQa

\VE UP 11174
 D. tai n~n
hazard= threat (n) = m6i de dQa, nguy hi~m
5. B. health Pf(]ltes:stmlals
Giai thich:
A. nguai dtmg di~n tho~i di d()ng
B. chuyen gia y tS
C. nghien dru
D. di~n tho<;ti di d()ng
"A growing number of health professionals worldwide are recommending that mobile
phone users err on the side of caution until more definitive studies can be conducted.
They use the example of tobacco to illustrate the potential risks."
Djch nghza: Ngay cang nhiJu chuyen gia y ti tren toim thd gilri khuydn dw r&ng nguixi
ditng (fi¢n tlzo(li·di a(jng nen tlz(in tr9ng clzo adn klzi CO thd tdn lzanh cac nghien Cll'U
chfic chdn ho'll. H{J st'r d~mg vi d~t vJ thu6c Ia ad minh h9a nhu·ng nguJ; co· tiJm dn.
Exercise 2:
1. B. From a Luxury Item to an Everyday Object
Giai thich:
A. Ttr cac thi~t bi di d()ng dSn but bi
B. Tu m6n db xa xi dSn v~t d\lng himg ngay
C. ThiSt k~ m&i cua but bi - t6t hon hay t~ han?
D. Biros- M()t doanh nhfm mfru aAnh
Dfrn chung n~m a diu dfiu tien cua do(;ln 1: Marcel Bich, a French manufacturer of
traditional ink pens, was the man who tumed the ballpoint pen into an item that today
almost anyone can afford.
Djch nghza: Marcel Bich, m9t nhc't sim xudt btit m~tc truyJn tlu5ng ctla Phap, lei ngm}i
tla bidn chide bLit bi thc'tnh m9t v(it d~mg ma ngity nay hdu nhu aiding co thd mua tltwc.
2. D. the ballpoint pens available were expensive despite their poor quality
Giai thfch:
Theo do~n 1, Marcel Bich da bi s6c vi - - - -
A. m9t chi~c hClt may re co thS duqc thiSt kS v&i thanh cong thuang m?i l&n
B. m()t cong ty khong du9·c thanh l~p dS san xu~t b(lt bi ch~t luQ'llg cao
C. hfiu hSt mQi nguai khong th~ mua duqc m9t phat minh vfi·ng ch5c nhu v~y
D. b(lt bi hi~n co luc do dAt ti€n du ch~t lu911g cua ch(mg th~t t~
Dan chung: Bich was appalled at the poor quality of the ballpoint pens that were
available, and was also shocked at their high cost.
Djch nghw: Bich kinh ngqc tnro·c chdt hwng kem eLla nhtmg chide bt{t bi lzi¢n c6, a6ng
tlu}i cang hi s6c v6·i gia thZmh cao etta cluing.

'VE UP 11175
3. D. useful
Giai thich:
A. accurate (adj): chinh xac
B. traditional (adj): truy~n th6ng
C. sharp (adj): s~c ben
D. useful (adj): hfru ich
~ practical= useful (adj) = thi~t tln,rc, c6 ich
4. C. invention
Giai thich:
A. factories (n): cac nha may
B. company (n): cong ty
C. invention (n): phat minh
D. range (n): lo~li
~"which" la d~i tir quan h~ thay th~ cho danh nr d(mg ngay tm&c nola "invention".
5. C. pencils
Giai thich:
Theo bai dQc, cai nao trong s6 nhl'rng cai du&i day khong duqc nh~c d~n nhu la san
ph.ilm cua cong ty Bich?
A. mobile phones: di~n thm.ti di d<)ng
B. lighters: b~t lira
C. pencils: but chi
D. razors: dao C(,!O rau
Diin ch1rng: Today, Bic is as famous for its lighters and razors as it is for its pens, and
you can even buy a Bic mobile phone.
Dtch nghia: Ngay nay, Bic nbi tdng v6·i b~t lil-a va dew C{to ding nhu bzlt, vi1 b9n th(tm
chi c6 thd mua mi}t chiic aijn tlto{li di t19ng Bic.

WE UP 11176
 HQc ti~ng Anh hay bftt ki m()t ngon ngfr m\o cling doi hoi m()t phuang phap hQc
hi~u qua. Chi khi tim duqc dt:mg each hQC phu hqp vai ban than, bl;lll mai co th~ chinh
phvc duqc ng6n ngfr m\y. B&i v?y ma phuang phap hQc la ySu t6 c6t loi trong qua trinh
b;;1n t\1' hQc m()t ngon ngfr moi Hay cling WE UP d~ bi~t them m()t s6 tips va mtto hQc
ti~ng Anh th?t hi~u qua nhe!

.----------------------------------,
I I
1
I
EAT DAU m • 110~
•
4Nti ~11u TtiE '
L-----------------------------------1
Buo·c 1. Xac djnh trinh dq hi~n t~i cua b~n
Tnro·c khi b~t d~u hQc ti~ng Anh, b;;1n dn bi~t ro kha nang cua ban than 6·
muc niw. Vi~c nay gitlp xac dinh CO' s& d~ ru do b~n co thS ll)'a chQn bai hQC phu hqp.
Tranh cac tnrong hqp bai hQc qua d8 khiSn b;;1n cam th~y nh~nn hay qua kho d~n dSn
chan nan.
Buo·c 2. Bi~t dm,rc dau Ia each hQc phu hQl> nh~t v6i b~n.
Co th~ co nhiSu each d~ b;;1n tim th~y each hQc phu hqp vai ban than. Cach
dan gian nh~t h\ b~n dn tim kiSm m()t trang web hay khoa hQc d;;1y ti~ng Anh theo
each khiSn b;;1n h{mg thu. Chi co nhu v?y, b~n m6i co thS tmy c?p vao trang web m6i
ngay dS hQc tiSng Anh thucmg xuyen duqc.
Bm)·c 3. Len ljch hQc c6 djnh m3i ngay
Mu6n Sl'r d\lng ti~ng Anh thanh th?o, bl;ln cling phai Slr d\lng no lien t\IC nhu
thoi quen h&ng ngay v?y. Do do, vi~c len lich hQc c6 djnh m6i ngay la r~t d.n thi~t.
Hay chQn khoang thai gian thich hqp va th\fc hi~n dSu d~n theo l!ch trinh do. N~u b9n
cam th~y nham chan, hay chQn cac chu dS ma minh quan tam. Ttr do, vi~c hQc se tr6'
nen thu vi hun.
Buo·c 4. V~n dl}ng nhfrng gi hQC dU'Q'C vao thzyc t~.
Cach hQc hi~u qua nhftt chinh la th\rc hanh. Bimg cam th~y nan vi kh6ng co
m6i tnrang tlwc hanh va d6 16i cho no lam kha nang tiSng Anh Clla bl;ln kh6ng tiSn b()
duqc. Hay t\1· t9o m6i tmang st"r d\lng tiSng Anh cho chinh b9n. Luy~n noi v6i ban than
h£mg ngay, t\r d~t cho minh nhfrng cau hoi va tra lai b&ng tiSng Anh, xem chuang trinh
giai tri, hQC t~p ti~ng Anh, ... Nhu v?y la b?n da co r~t nhiSu each d~ ti~p XllC vo·i ti~ng
Anh m6i ngay r6i nhe!
,---- ---------- -- ----- -----------------, I
: Tl2A~~ A~ti I
I
I
------- --------------------1
VOCA. VN- Website h(Jc tz'r V{tng tiing Anh thong minh
01/15

She was happy to ad as a to

the company.

La mQt trong nhfrng trang web hQc ti€ng Anh tr~rc tuy€n duqc yeu thich nhftt,
Voca.vn la trang web chuyen dfmh dS hQc va luy~n tir ~ng. Cac tru diSm n6i b~t cua
website hQc tir Vl,rng ti8ng Anh Voca. vn la:
- Phtrang phap ghi nh& tir V\rng sinh d9ng, thu vi va dS nh&.
- Nguai hQC tv danh gia S\f ti8n bQ cua bim than theo thai gian qua tinh nang do luang.
- Giao di~n dt;p, thfm thi~n v&i nguai dung va dS Slf d\mg.
M()T SO KENH YOUTUBE HQC TIENG ANH BO ICH
- BBC learning English: HQc ti8ng Anh qua bao chi. BBC c6 rdt nhi~u chuyen ml,lc
khac nhau tir nho d8n 16n gitlp bC;tn hQc ti8ng Anh. Day la m9t kenh youtube nlt thich
hqp cts b(;ln Iuy~n kha nang giao ti8p.
- VOA learing English: HQc ti8ng Anh qua video bim tin. Day la kenh rdt hi~u qua va
hfru ich, khong chi gitlp b(;ln tim hiSu tin t(rc rna con m6' fQng v6n tir, d~c bi~t la CO' hQi
b6 sung v6n tir V\rng chuyen ngfmh hi~u qua va nhanh chong.
- TED va TEDxTALK: HQc tiSng Anh qua nhfrng bai diSn thuy~t truy~n cam hung va
t1,w d9ng Ivc. BC;tn se duqc nghe nhfrng bai diSn thuy€t cua nhfrng nguai n6i ti~ng va
diSn ghi c6 tfrm anh huang. Nhfrng bai n6i se giup bC;tn cai thi~n ki nang nghe qrc dinh,
mang lC;ti nhi8u ki6n thuc, thong tin kh6ng 16, thong di~p c6 tfnh giao dl,lc, ...
r------------------------------------,
: M()T SO BI QUYET TV HQC TIENG ANH Hl~U QUA :
L------------------------------------J
1. HQc ti8ng Anh qua am nlwc, bai hat giup t(;lo h1rng thu va dS ghi rill&.
2. HQc tir vvng va each biSu dC;tt, phat am qua phim anh.
3. HQc tu Vl,rng g~n Ii8n v&i cam xuc se giup b?n ghi nh& thong tin t6t han rAt nhi~u.
Tracker M 'I'
() () () () () ()
s m t w t f s
 A.
CHUYEN BE 1. cAc THi TRONG TIENG ANH (tenses) ................................... 2
CHUYEN BE 2. BONG TU KHIEM KHUYET (modal verbs) ............................ 15
CHUYEN BE 3. TU LO~I TIENG ANH (parts of speech) ................................... 19
CHUYEN BE 4. GI6I TU (preposition) ................................................................. 30
CHUYEN BE 5. DANH BQNG T1:r VA BONG TlJ NGUYEN MAU (gerund and
infinitive verb) ......................................................................................................... 40
CHUYEN BE 6. M!;:NH BE TMNG NGU (adverbial clause) ............................ .45
CHUYEN BE 7. M~O TU' (articles) ..................................................................... .49
CHUYEN BE 8. M!;:NH DE QUAN HI;: (relative clause) ...................................... 53
CHUYEN BE 9. cAc DANG SO sANH (comparison) ........................................ 58
CHUYEN BE 10. CAU Bl BONG (passive voice) ................................................ 63
CHUYEN BE 11. LOI NOI TRt}C TIEP- GIAN TIEP (direct and indirect speech)
................................................................................................................................. 68
CHUYEN BE 12. CAU BIEU KI!;:N (conditional sentences) ................................ 74
CHUYEN BE 13. CAU U"dc (wish) ...................................................................... 77
CHUYEN BE 14. THlJ"C GIA B!NH (the subjunctive mood) ............................... 79
CHUYEN BE 1,5. S1)' HOA HQP CHU NGU VA BONG TU (subject and verb
agreement) ............................................................................................................... 83
CHUY~N B~ 16. CAU Hqi DUO! (ta~ que~tions) ......:·: ....................................... 86
CHUYEN BE 17. Cl)M DONG TVVA THANH NGU (phrasal verbs and idioms)
................................................................................................................................. 89

PHAN B. TU Vl)'NG THEO CHU

TOPIC 1. HOME LIFE (Cu9c s6ng gia dinh) ......................................................... 97
TOPIC 2. ENTERTAINMENT AND LEISURE (Tlm gian va giai trf) .................. lOO
TOPIC 3. EDUCATION (Giao dvc) ....................................................................... 103
TOPIC 4. WORK AND FUTURE CAREER (Cong vi~c va nghS nghi¢p tuang lai)
................................................................................................................................. 106
TOPIC 5. CULTURE (Van hoa) ............................................................................. 109
TOPIC 6. GENDER EQUALITY (Binh d~ng gi6i tinh) ......................................... 112
TOPIC 7. TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE (Cong ngh~ va khoa hQc) ................. l15
TOPIC 8. THE MASS MEDIA (TmySn thong d~i chung) ..................................... 118
TOPIC 9. ENERGY (Nang luqng) .......................................................................... 121
TOPIC 10. ENVIRONMENT (Moi trucmg) ........................................................... 124
TOPIC 11. ENDANGERED SPECIES (Cac loai nguy dp) ................................... l27
TOPIC 12. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS (Cac t6 chuc qu6c t~) ......... 130
TOPIC 13. CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 PANDEMIC (D~i dich Covid-19)
................................................................................................................................. 133
TOPIC 14. ECONOMIC REFORMS (Nhung cai each kinh t~) ............................. 135
TOPIC 15. WAYS OF SOCIALIZING (C:ic each thuc giao ti~p xa h()i) ............... l38
TOPIC 16. URBANIZATION (Do thi hoa) ............................................................ 141
TOPIC 17. POPULATION (Dan s6) ....................................................................... 144
TOPIC 18. NATURAL DISASTERS (Thien tai) ................................................... 147
TOPIC 19. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (Tri tu~ nhan t~o) .............................. l49
TOPIC 20. SPORTS (Th~ thao) .............................................................................. 152

PHAN C. cAc KY NANG EM CAN BIET

KY NANG 1. Ky nang lam bai t~p phat am ............................................................ 155
KY NANG 2. Ky nang Utrn bai t~p trQng fun (Stress) ............................................. 157
KY NANG 3. Ky nang lam bai dQC hi~u ................................................................ 160
Dap an ..................................................................................................................... 165
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