Abdo Abdurhaman EIA Report

ABDULRAHAMAN MOHAMMED AMIN RESORT CONSTRUCTION EIA REPORT
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

FOR ABDULRAHAMAN MOHAMMED
HOTEL PLANT.
Location: Oromia National Regional State, Borana Zone, Moyale Worada,

Moyale Kebele
Promoter: Abdulrahaman Mohammed Hamin
Oct. 2023
Yabelo, Ethiopia
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AABDULRAHAMAN MOHAMMED THREE STAR HOTEL CONSTRUCTION EIA REPORT
TABLES OF CONTENTS
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONIMS......................................................................................................................7
EXCUTIVE SUMMERY.............................................................................................................................................8
1 INTROFUDUTION...........................................................................................................................................11
1.1 Background of Economic Activities and Environment..............................................................................11
1.2 ESIA Study..................................................................................................................................................13
1.3 Objectives of the Environmental Impact Assessment Study.......................................................................13
1.3.1 General Objective..................................................................................................................................13
1.3.2 Specific Objectives................................................................................................................................14
1.4 Scope of the ESIA study.............................................................................................................................14
1.5 Details of the esia project team..................................................................................................................14
2 Methodology.......................................................................................................................................................15
2.1 Approach of the study................................................................................................................................15
2.2 Methodology...............................................................................................................................................16
2.2.1 Baseline conditions and data establishment...........................................................................................17
2.2.2 Analysis of impacts and mitigation measures........................................................................................18
2.2.3 Collection of Available Information......................................................................................................18
2.2.4 Field Visits.............................................................................................................................................18
2.2.5 Review of documents.............................................................................................................................19
2.2.6 Public Consultation................................................................................................................................19
2.2.7 Environmental Scoping..........................................................................................................................19
2.2.8 Use of data generated by other Disciplines............................................................................................21
2.2.9 Data Analysis.........................................................................................................................................21
2.2.10 Report Preparation.............................................................................................................................21
2.2.11 Environmental and Social Impact Report Structure..........................................................................21
3 Police, legal, Strategies and administrative framework.................................................................................23
3.1 Constitution of fdre....................................................................................................................................23
3.2 National Policy framework........................................................................................................................24
3.2.1 Environmental Policy of Ethiopia (EPE)...............................................................................................24
3.2.2 Environmental Policy of Ethiopia (EPE)...............................................................................................24
3.2.2.1 The Guiding Principles of the EPE are:........................................................................................25
3.2.3 Biodiversity Policy.................................................................................................................................26
3.2.4 Ethiopian Water Resources Management Policy...................................................................................26
3.2.5 National Health Policies.........................................................................................................................26
3.2.6 Population policy...................................................................................................................................27
3.2.7 Women Policy........................................................................................................................................27
3.2.8 Urban Planning: Proclamation No 574/2008.........................................................................................27
3.3 Strategies farmwork...................................................................................................................................27
3.3.1 Economic Development Strategy...........................................................................................................27
3.3.2 Agricultural Development Strategy Conservation strategy...................................................................28
3.3.3 The Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia (CSE).......................................................................................30
3.3.4 Ethiopia’s climate resilient green economy strategy.............................................................................30
3.3.5 Gender Mainstreaming strategy and guideline (2010)...........................................................................31
3.3.6 Ethiopian Investment Strategy...............................................................................................................31
3.3.7 Gender mainstreaming strategy and guideline (2010)...........................Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.4 Regulations, Proclamations and Procedural Guidelines framework........................................................32
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3.4.1 Proclamation 299/2002, Environmental Impact Assessment................................................................32

3.4.2 Proclamation 300/2002, Environmental Pollution Control...................................................................33
3.4.3 Environmental pollution control proclamations No. 300/2002.............................................................33
3.4.4 Proclamation 513/2007, Solid Waste Management..............................................................................33
3.4.5 Proclamation No 209/2000: Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage.....................................34
3.4.6 Regulation 159/2008, prevention of industrials pollution regulation....................................................34
3.4.7 Labour Proclamation (377/2003)...........................................................................................................34
3.4.8 Labour (Amendment) Proclamation (494/2006) sub of above..............................................................35
3.4.9 Public Health Proclamation (200/2000).................................................................................................35
3.4.10 EIA Procedural Guideline, November 2003......................................................................................35
3.4.11 Guidelines for environmental management plan (draft) May 2004..................................................35
3.4.12 Noise Standards:................................................................................................................................35
3.4.13 Ambient Air quality Standards:.........................................................................................................36
3.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT NSTITUTIONAL IFRAMEWORKO..............................................36
3.5.1 National Environmental Institutional.....................................................................................................36
3.5.1.1 Environmental protection Council................................................................................................36
3.5.1.2 National Environmental Protection Authority..............................................................................36
3.5.2 Oromia Regional Environmental Protection Authority.........................................................................38
3.5.2.1 Zonal Environmental Protection Office........................................................................................38
3.5.2.2 District Environmental Protection Office.....................................................................................38
3.5.2.3 Kebele Administration Organ.......................................................................................................38
3.6 Regional and International Multilateral Agreement.................................................................................38
4 Project Description............................................................................................................................................40
4.1 General background..................................................................................................................................40
4.2 Project Goal...............................................................................................................................................41
4.2.1 Project Location.....................................................................................................................................41
4.3 Project objective and justification.............................................................................................................43
4.3.1 Project Objective....................................................................................................................................43
4.3.2 Project Justification................................................................................................................................43
4.4 Nature and Scope of project.......................................................................................................................43
4.5 Description of proposed project................................................................................................................44
4.6 Land Tenure, Use, Ownership and Management......................................................................................45
4.7 Project Design Descriptions......................................................................................................................46
4.8 Utilities.......................................................................................................................................................46
4.8.1 Electricity Supply...................................................................................................................................46
4.8.2 Sewerage System...................................................................................................................................46
4.8.3 Water......................................................................................................................................................46
4.8.3.1 Sewerage Water............................................................................................................................46
4.8.3.2 Storm Water Drainage...................................................................................................................47
4.8.3.3 Off-Site Drainage..........................................................................................................................47
4.8.3.4 On-Site Drainage...........................................................................................................................48
4.8.4 Fire Reticulation.....................................................................................................................................48
4.9 Project Cost and Schedule.........................................................................................................................48
4.10 Construction Phases Process, Equipment, Materials, Wastes & Output..................................................48
4.10.1 Processes............................................................................................................................................48
4.10.2 Equipment..........................................................................................................................................49
4.10.3 Material and Energy..........................................................................................................................49
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4.10.4 Expected Waste.................................................................................................................................49

4.10.5 Output................................................................................................................................................49
5 Biophysical, Socio-economic and Socio-cultural Environment Description.................................................50
5.1 Physical Environmental Baseline Conditions............................................................................................50
5.1.1 Topography............................................................................................................................................50
5.1.2 Geology and Soils..................................................................................................................................50
5.1.3 Soils........................................................................................................................................................50
5.1.4 Climate...................................................................................................................................................50
5.1.5 Recurrent drought..................................................................................................................................51
5.1.6 Air quality..............................................................................................................................................51
5.1.7 Noise......................................................................................................................................................51
5.1.8 Water Resources....................................................................................................................................51
5.2 BIOLOGICAL Environment/Flora and Fauna Resources.........................................................................52
5.2.1 Vegetation..............................................................................................................................................52
5.2.2 Terrestrial Fauna....................................................................................................................................52
5.2.3 Birds.......................................................................................................................................................52
5.2.4 Wildlife..................................................................................................................................................52
5.3 Socio-economic Baseline and Environmental Condition and settlement pattern......................................52
5.3.1 Administrative Setting...........................................................................................................................53
5.3.2 Population..............................................................................................................................................53
5.3.2.1 Population GIS counting...............................................................................................................53
5.3.3 Land Tenure...........................................................................................................................................54
5.3.4 Land Use Land Cover............................................................................................................................54
5.3.5 Settlement pattern..................................................................................................................................54
5.3.6 Local Economy......................................................................................................................................55
5.3.6.1 Livestock Rearing.........................................................................................................................55
5.3.6.2 Crop Production............................................................................................................................55
5.3.7 Education Services and Institutions.......................................................................................................56
5.3.8 Health Services and Institutions.............................................................................................................56
5.3.8.1 Health Institutions distributions....................................................................................................56
5.3.8.2 Health Service staffs.....................................................................................................................57
5.3.9 Gender Equity Issues.............................................................................................................................57
5.3.10 Urban Infrastructure..........................................................................................................................57
5.3.10.1 Water Supply Hygiene and Sanitation..........................................................................................57
5.3.10.2 Road networks...............................................................................................................................58
5.3.10.3 Electricity and Telephone.............................................................................................................58
5.3.11 Historical, Cultural, Religious and Archeological Resources...........................................................58
5.3.12 Public Consultation and Social Acceptability of the Project.............................................................58
6 Environmental Impacts Identification, Prediction and Analysis..................................................................59
6.1 Overview....................................................................................................................................................59
6.2 Discussion of Positive and Negative Environmental and Social Impacts.................................................59
6.3 Positive Impacts.........................................................................................................................................59
6.3.1 During Design Phase..............................................................................................................................59
6.3.1.1 Socio-Economic benefits..............................................................................................................60
6.3.1.1.1 Employment Opportunity........................................................................................................60
6.3.1.1.2 Local Income Generation and Livelihood Improvement......................................................60
6.3.1.1.3 Generation of Government Revenue........................................................................................60
6.3.1.1.4 Environmental Opportunities...................................................................................................61
6.3.2 During Construction Phase....................................................................................................................61
6.3.2.1 Creation of Employment...............................................................................................................61
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6.3.2.2 Market for Goods and Services.....................................................................................................61

6.3.2.3 Increased Population.....................................................................................................................61
6.3.2.4 Increased Economic Activities and Revenue................................................................................61
6.3.3 During Operational Phases.....................................................................................................................62
6.3.3.1 Increased Commercial Viability...................................................................................................62
6.3.3.2 Creation of Employment Opportunities........................................................................................62
6.3.3.3 Increased Access to Goods, Services and Social Amenities.........................................................62
6.3.3.4 Increased Economic Activities and Government Revenue...........................................................62
6.3.3.5 Stimulation to Urban Development..............................................................................................62
6.3.3.6 The aesthetic appeal of the town...................................................................................................63
6.3.3.7 Population Increase.......................................................................................................................63
6.3.3.8 Impetus to Improve Amenities and Services................................................................................63
6.3.4 Operational phase of Positive Impact of a project.................................................................................63
6.3.4.1 Increased Commercial Viability...................................................................................................63
6.3.4.2 Creation of Employment Opportunities........................................................................................63
6.3.4.3 Increased Accommodation/Housing.............................................................................................64
6.3.4.4 Increased Access to Goods, Services and Social Amenities.........................................................64
6.3.4.5 Increased Economic Activities and Government Revenue...........................................................64
6.3.5 Decommissioning Phases.......................................................................................................................64
6.3.5.1 Creation of Employment and Business Opportunities..................................................................64
6.3.5.2 Provision of Cheaper Building Materials......................................................................................64
6.3.5.3 Income Generation........................................................................................................................65
6.3.5.4 Environmental Conservation and Restoration..............................................................................65
6.4 potential Adverse Impacts Assessment and Proposed Mitigation Measures.............................................65
6.4.1 Pre-construction Phase Impacts.............................................................................................................65
6.4.2 Construction phase Negative Impact.....................................................................................................65
6.4.2.1 Loss of Flora and Fauna Habitats..................................................................................................65
6.4.2.2 Changes in Surface and Sub-Surface Hydrology..........................................................................66
6.4.2.3 Changes in Soil Characteristics.....................................................................................................66
6.4.2.4 Emission of Air Pollutants............................................................................................................66
6.4.2.5 Generation of Noise......................................................................................................................67
6.4.2.6 Increased Pressure on Utilities......................................................................................................67
6.4.2.7 Increased Heavy Traffic................................................................................................................67
6.4.2.8 Population Influx...........................................................................................................................68
6.4.2.9 Generation of Construction Waste................................................................................................68
6.4.2.10 Occupational Health and Safety (OSH) Risks..............................................................................68
6.4.3 Operational Phase..................................................................................................................................69
6.4.3.1 Increased Pressure on Available Utilities.....................................................................................69
6.4.3.2 Micro-Climate Modification.........................................................................................................69
6.4.3.3 Increased Land Values and Land Use Changes............................................................................69
6.4.3.4 Increased Surface Run-Off............................................................................................................69
6.4.3.5 Socio-cultural Impacts..................................................................................................................70
6.4.3.6 Increased Air Pollution.................................................................................................................70
6.4.3.7 Increased Traffic...........................................................................................................................71
6.4.3.8 Generation of Waste......................................................................................................................71
6.4.3.9 Occupational Health and Safety (OSH) Risks..............................................................................71
6.4.4 Decommissioning phase........................................................................................................................72
6.4.4.2 Generation of demolition waste....................................................................................................72
6.4.4.3 Increased Heavy Traffic................................................................................................................72
6.4.4.4 OHS risks......................................................................................................................................72
6.4.4.5 Emission of Air Pollutants............................................................................................................73
6.4.4.6 Land Environment.........................................................................................................................75
6.4.4.7 Water Environment.......................................................................................................................76
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6.4.4.8 Air Environment............................................................................................................................76

6.4.4.9 Noise Environment........................................................................................................................77
6.4.4.10 Biological Environment................................................................................................................78
6.4.4.11 Socioeconomic..............................................................................................................................78
6.4.4.12 Security Threats............................................................................................................................78
6.4.4.13 Micro-Climate Modification.........................................................................................................79
6.4.4.14 Increased Surface run-off..............................................................................................................79
6.4.4.15 Solid wastes Generation................................................................................................................79
6.4.4.16 Hazardous Waste Management.....................................................................................................81
6.4.4.17 E-waste Management....................................................................................................................82
6.4.4.18 Increased Pressure on Available Utilities.....................................................................................82
6.4.4.19 ImpactS on Soil.............................................................................................................................82
7 Environmental Management Plan (EMP).......................................................................................................84
7.1 General overview.......................................................................................................................................84
7.2 Pre-Construction Phase.............................................................................................................................84
7.3 Construction Phase....................................................................................................................................85
7.4 Operational phase......................................................................................................................................86
7.4.1 Cleaner Production Audit Team............................................................................................................86
7.4.2 Work area safety....................................................................................................................................88
7.4.3 Waste Management................................................................................................................................89
7.4.3.1 Integrated Waste Management System.........................................................................................89
7.5 Budgets for the Environmental Management Program.............................................................................89
7.6 Institution arrangement..............................................................................................................................94
8 Environmental Monitoring Program...............................................................................................................95
8.1 Monitoring plan and implementation program.........................................................................................95
8.2 Green Belt Development............................................................................................................................96
8.3 Environment Management Unit.................................................................................................................98
8.4 Environmental Management Activities......................................................................................................98
8.4.1 Wastes Management..............................................................................................................................98
8.4.2 Waste Minimization Guidelines.............................................................................................................99
8.4.3 Waste Handling Guidelines...................................................................................................................99
8.4.4 Waste Segregation Guidelines...............................................................................................................99
8.4.5 Waste Disposal Guidelines....................................................................................................................99
8.4.6 Monitoring...........................................................................................................................................100
8.4.7 Capacity Building and Training...........................................................................................................101
8.4.8 Reporting..............................................................................................................................................101
8.4.9 Environmental Audit............................................................................................................................101
8.4.10 Environment labeling and life cycle assessment.............................................................................102
8.4.11 The Proposed Building’s Statement on the Project.........................................................................102
9 Conclusion and Recommendations.................................................................................................................103
10 References.........................................................................................................................................................105
Expertise Details........................................................................................................................................................106
Expertise Details........................................................................................................................................................109
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ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONIMS
ATAEPO Moyale Town Administration, Environmental Protection Office

MASL Mean Above Sea level
CSE Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia
EA Environmental Assessment
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EISR Environmental Impact Study Report
EMB Environmental Management Branch
EMP Environmental Management Plan
EPA Environmental Protection Authority
EPC Environmental Protection Council
EPE Environmental Policy of Ethiopia
ETB Ethiopian Birr, the National Currency
FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
BOD Bio-chemical oxygen demand
COD Carbon Oxygen Demand
MoEDAC Ministry of Economic Development and Co-operation
MoEFCG Ministry of Environment Forestry and Climatic Change
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EXCUTIVE SUMMERY
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a planning tool generally accepted as an integral
component of sound decision-making. EIA is to give the environment its due place in the
decision-making process by clearly evaluating the environmental consequences of the proposed
activity before action is taken. Early identification and characterization of critical environmental
impacts allow the public and the government to form a view about the environmental
acceptability of a proposed developmental project and what conditions should apply to mitigate
or reduce those risks and impacts.
Environmental Clearance (EC) for certain developmental projects has been made mandatory by
the Ministry of Environment & Forests through its Notification issued on 27.01.1994 under the
provisions of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. Keeping in view a decade of experience in
the Environmental Clearance process and the demands from various stakeholders, the Ministry
of Environment and Forests (MoEF) issued revised Notification on EC process in September
2006 and amended it in December 2009.It was considered necessary by MoEF to make available
EIA guidance manuals for each of the development sector.
The proponent, Abdulrahaman Mohammed is a newly emerged private company in Moyale to

Build quality and standardized Star-3 Hotel in Moyale town where it has the opportunity of
development in most recent time. ABDURAHAMAN MOHAMMED has been running Import
Export business in the country particularly in Oromiya and Finfinne. It is his long-term vision to
build standard building in Moyale Twon since he is from this area and by contributing his
resources and knowledge on land, he leased from the zonal administration in this town. The total
land cover for this project is 15,000m 2. The construction shall be undertaken through licensed
the local contract. The project financial source for this building is from self-own.
The project site is located within Oromia Regional Governmental state in capital city of Moyale
Distract, 784km from Finefine and 213km from Yebelo (Capital City of Borana Zone) on main
road from Finfine to Kenya main cross country Asphalt Road, at Ethiopia—Kenya boundary.
The geographical location of specific project site is bounded with Road (East, West and South)
and in North with obbo Liyoworf Kalacho.
The main goal of Abdurahman Mohammed is to construct and build a 3-star hotel that meets the
environmental and social sustainability requirements to meet the development needs of Moyale
town. The proponent developed this project with the overall goal of taking advantage of
opportunities to satisfy demands in the local and international markets and to emerge as a
successful market opportunity for tourism and related services.”
Policy, Legal and Institutional Framework
Laws, policies, and institutions were considered for the dual purposes of identifying potential
project constraints and establishing a background for realistic, sensitive recommendations. With
respect to this, policy, legislative, and institutional issues that are most relevant to hotel building
construction projects in general and this Abdurahaman Mohammed hotel project in particular
have been reviewed. This review found that the following three programs and trends have a
strong bearing on the project: 1) National policies and strategies towards economic development
and sectoral development; 2) environmental protection and conservation; and 3) governmental
policies towards decentralization and local self-determination.
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Baseline Environmental Condition of the Project Area

Environment means surroundings, which are comprised by things and conditions. Those
pertaining to the Project have both bio-physical and socio-cultural aspects. The project site
covers a total area of 15,000 m2. The land is obtained from the government through lease. At the
time of conducting the EIA Study, no physical and biological features have seen.
Adverse environmental impacts and suggested mitigation measures
Since most of the environmental impacts are related to consummation and utilization wastes,
therefore, to mitigate the impacts different levels of waste management hierarchy are employed
starting from waste generation prevention to treatment and safe disposal practices capable for
mitigating or at least reducing the environmental burden of the project’s production process, has
been given due care.
Environmental Management Plan
Environmental management is concerned with implementation of the measures necessary to
minimize or offset adverse impacts and to enhance beneficial impacts. Unless the mitigation and
benefit enhancement measures identified in the ESIA are fully implemented, the prime function
of ESIA, which is to provide a basis for shaping the project so that overall environmental
performance is enhanced, cannot be achieved. In order to be effective, environmental
management must be fully integrated with the overall project management effort at all levels,
which itself should be aimed at providing a high level of quality control, leading to a project
which has been properly designed and constructed and functions efficiently throughout its life.
Environmental Monitoring Program
Various kinds of environmental monitoring and evaluation will be conducted by responsible
staffs of the company. The Environmental and Safety Officer will be responsible for most of the
monitoring activities and will report to the company top management in a weekly basis. The
company top management and affiliated units of the Oromia Land and Environmental Protection
Bureau and Moyale town Land and Environmental protection Office such as technical divisions
of the Multipurpose Building waste pollution prevention and control department will make
occasional and random monitoring, respectively. The monitoring will involve both quantitative
and qualitative data, as appropriate to the nature of the information which will involve during
the implementation and service provision stage of the project.
Conclusion and recommendations
This document generally attempts to show the environmental and social impacts, and the
controlling measures of the ABDURAHAMAN MOHAMMED 3-Star Project to be established
in Moyale town. Remedial measures to control significant environmental impacts associate with
the building utilization and impacts associated from building itself.
The implementation of the project will bring several beneficial impacts including creating job
opportunity and infrastructure development in the town, reducing poverty, contributing to
national economic growth.
It could have some negative impacts through increasing health hazards if safety materials are not
properly used. These negative impacts can be reduced to an acceptable level through a holistic
planning and implementation of the environmental management plan. Thus, it can be concluded
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that the project benefits by far outweighs its adverse environmental/ecological and socio-
economic impacts as these two can be mitigated by proper utilizations of the suggested
mitigation measures.
Table 1: Summarization of the Project Description
Name of The Project Owner Abdulrahaman Mohammed Amin
Address of the Owner Adama
Phone No +251911770309
Name of a project Abdulrahaman Mohammed Three Star Hotel Project
Project Cost 250,000,000.00 Ethiopia Birr
Explicitly Address on the location Oromia National Regional State, Borana Zone
selected for project Moyale District, Moyale town/Meleb Kebele
Project Capacity 250 Bedrooms
Project Job Opportunity 265 (65 permanent workers and about 200 temporary
worker and will keep on employing over the project
with the increasing pace)
Geographical Coordinate of location X1=503988, Y1=3961900, X2=503988, Y2=396159,
Selected to the project X3= 503956, Y3= 396162 and X4=503955 Y4=396193
Place of a Project in the scope of EIA Partial EIA (Type B)
Regulation (its Sector and sub sector)
EIA Application File (EIA Report GT and HB Consultancy, PLC.
name of Entity /working Group Adama City Awash Tower
preparing the Final EIA Mobile 0923731896, 0911343326
Report
EIA Application File /EIA October 2023
Report/Final EIA
Report Submission Date
Provided Land 15,000 M2
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1 INTROFUDUTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES AND ENVIRONMENT
To study either its beneficial or harmful effect; evaluation of any project through ESIA has
become a must. According to some studies, construction industry in the world is rapidly growing
at a rate of 5.5% by average. Undertaking ESIA for construction industry and improving site
management can reduce Environmental impacts both on and off site. To appreciate the risks
posed by construction activities and taking steps to reduce incidents, costs and further to
improve business reputation, the undertaking of ESIA is important.
A massive increase in urban population would also create huge challenges for urban local
bodies, mainly in maintaining the Environmental quality without any compromise in the human
wellbeing. It is beyond doubt that urban planning, infrastructural development, and the resource
consumption patterns of the emerging urban space will impact ecosystems both within cities
boundary as well as outside, with implications for the quality of life for people across countries.
Urbanization, especially in the developing world, is frequently accompanied by the deterioration

of the urban Environment. Air and water pollution, inadequate waste management and reduction
of green areas are the major Environmental problems (Amit Bijon et al (2014)).
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) is a planning tool used in project appraisal
and design, in view of ensuring sustainability. Accordingly, the fundamental objective of the
environmental assessment for the current project is to ensure that the proposed project is
environmentally sound and contributes to the development of environmental assets.
The Scope of the specific Work disclosed by the client, calls for the assessment of impacts of the
building construction Project (Abdulrahaman Mohammed Three Star Hotel project) on physical
and cultural resources of the project area; and to examine the potential sources of environmental
impacts. It also requires the consultant to forward mitigation measures for adverse impacts; to
undertake public consultation and to prepare Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan.
To assess the potential impacts of the project on the environmental resources, it is necessary to
identify and analyze the potential impact areas of the project. Accordingly, the ESIA-study dealt
with the identification, prediction, and evaluation of the impacts of the proposed Ethiopian
Abdulrahaman Mohammed Three Stare Hotel Project. Following the identification and
evaluation of impacts, it also identifies and proposes measures aimed at avoiding or minimizing
adverse impacts on the one hand, and enhancement measures of the beneficial ones on the other
hand.
The ESIA process followed the guidelines prepared by FDRE EPA (the now Environment,
Forest and Climate Change Commission). The consultant has also made use of specific methods
and tools to accomplish the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment including desktop
document review, field visits and stakeholders‟ consultation including formal discussion with
the surrounding community or Service giving institutions and/or residential houses.
As a matter of fact, the ESIA study process covers: Environmental Scoping; description of the
proposed project works, assessment of baseline environmental conditions; analysis of potential
environmental impacts; development of mitigation measures; preparing an environmental
management and monitoring plans.
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The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) guideline (EFCCC, 1999) prepared
by Environment, Forest, and Climate Change Commission (EFCCC) requires development
project reduce adverse effects on the physical, biological and socio-economic environment and
Oromia National Regional State Proclamation No.176/2005 a Proclamation enacted to revise the
powers and duties of Oromia National Regional State executive organs amendment and Oromia
National Regional State Environmental Pollution Control Proclamation No. 177/2012. As the
proposed project is among the list of projects which are addressed under Directive No.1/ 2008, it
is among those investment projects that require ESIA study.
The report is submitted to the Borana Zone Environment, Forest climate Change Office
(EFCCO), according to the requirement of the proclamation.
All economic activities are from and to the environment. Any development project, as it
generates significant benefits for society, it can also bring damaging effects on people and
natural resources. Since the long human history, anthropogenic economic activities had caused
the disruption of social and environmental harmony the loss of human livelihood and life, the
introduction of new diseases; sever climatic changes, the destruction and depletion of renewable
resources. Hence, in line with the country’s Environmental Policies which are preserved in the
Environmental Law and the constitution, every project should undertake their project in an
environmentally friendly manner production and usage with responsibility.
Environment and economic development are the two faces of the same coin inseparable parts.
Damaging environment means harming economic activities and therefore, reducing the burden
of environmental impacts is necessary if development is to become sustainable. As resources
become limited, environmental impacts become more complex and EIA has become of ever-
increasing importance as a tool for development and decision making. This role is formally
recognized in principle 17 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (UNCED
1992). Environmental impact assessment, as a national instrument, shall be undertaken for
proposed activities that are likely to have significant adverse impact on the environment and are
subject to a decision of a competent national authority.
In practice, EIA is applied primarily to prevent or minimize the adverse effects of major
development projects. It is also used as a planning tool to promote sustainable development by
integrating environmental considerations into a wide range of proposed actions. Most notably, it
is the use of policies and plans to focus on the highest levels of decision making and take care of
the environment in considering development alternatives and options. More limited forms of
EIA can be used to ensure that smaller scale projects, conform to appropriate environmental
standards or site and design criteria. The proponent, ABDURAHAMAN MOHAMMED is a
registered private project owner in Ethiopia to build 3 Star Hotel Building in Moyale town. The
total land for the project is 15,000m2 and the land Licensed from Moyale district and leased and
certified from Moyale town.
The purpose of the EIA study is to identify, analyze and predict the magnitude of environmental
impacts and how to mitigate impacts from those areas where significant environmental effects
are likely to arise from the various activities and requirements of the project, during pre-
construction, construction and operation phases of the Hotel project. Various EIA tools for
identification, prediction and analysis of impacts were used. Significant analysis on
environmental impacts that could occur due to the project has been made. Environmentally
important impact mitigation and management options were also suggested. The environmental
management practice of the project is crucial for the continued access to world market. The
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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) guideline (EPA, 1999) prepared by the Environmental
Protection Authority (Now Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Climate change, MEFCC)
requires development projects reduce adverse effects on the physical, biological, and socio-
economic environment. The guideline differentiates between development projects with
significant and insignificant impacts, which the former projects require partial EIA assessment
while the latter ones need only partial or no EIA at all. As effluents are to be produced,
Multipurpose Hotels are among those projects which cause certain impacts on physical,
biological and socio-economic environment of mankind; the proposed project is among those
investment projects that require partial EIA assessment study (type B EIA). To accomplish this,
the proponent has hired GT and HB Consultancy PLC consulting firm, to undertake
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Abdulrahman Mohammed Hotel construction
project, since significant environmental impacts are expected to arise from such project.
Pollutants and pollution load of construction plant can originate solid, liquid and gas wastes,
occupational health and environmental impacts can be occurred during land preparation,
building construction works and operational phases. In response to the requirements of the EIA
study, the consulting firm carried out this Environmental Impact Assessment for the project
under consideration.
This report is aimed to carry out Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) on this
proposed project, particularly giving emphasis to the positive and negative impacts to be
generated. To set the report, at the very beginning, field visit was made to grasp the baseline
situation of the site. This observation of the existing environmental conditions - screening
procedures shows that the proposed project requires partial environmental impact assessment
(Table 1.1). There are preconstruction and construction phases of different buildings that can use
materials, water and energy sources as well human power. At the construction stages of
building, the project will generate solid wastes, wastewaters, nuisance sound, etc., generate
pollutants that needs Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) which is necessary to indicate
what measure should be taken at the different stages of the project, particularly, in relation to
pollution control strategies. Thus, this report represents the findings of the Environmental
Impact Assessment (EIA) carried out as an integral part of this assignment.
1.2 ESIA STUDY

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) study is an collaborating process that pays
to formulation of comprehensive environmental and social management and planning strategies
in comprehending sustainable development. Environmental and social issues considerations
ESA study have started to get considerations in every sector of development programs since the
1995 constitution. Currently, the study became mandatory for projects based on their categories
and their impacts significances in order to ensure the project’s activities harmony with its area
environmental and social baseline conditions so as to ensure sustainability.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY

1.3.1 General Objective
The general objective of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) study of the
Abdulrahaman Mohammed Three Star Hotel Project is to identify and evaluate environmental
and social impacts associated with implementation of the project and recommend mitigation
and/or enhancement measures for the identified impacts that enable in harmonizing the impacts
with the social, economic and ecological conditions of the project areas during construction and
operation phase of Moyale town.
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The overall objective of the study is to assess and document the extent and use of EIA of Hotel
Construction project and come up with appropriate recommendations for conducting EIA. The
specific objectives of the study are the following:
 To assess EIAs of selected Hotel building project and to investigate the methodologies
used,
 To investigate the views and level of involvement of local communities and other
stakeholders on EIAs of Hotel Building construction project,
 To examine government regulations, policies and/or strategies in relation to impact
assessments of development projects,
 To help stakeholders understand their responsibilities and roles in conducting,
monitoring, and evaluating EIA of development projects and to explore the responsible
institution(s) or organization(s) for conducting EIA, approving, monitoring and/or
evaluating EIA,
 To detect the effects of the project on the neighboring environment such as the water
bodies, the soil, the people, the infrastructure, the fauna, the flora and the atmosphere,
 To detect the effect of the neighboring environment on the project and the effect of the
project on the environment as a whole,
 To propose alternative measures where it is noticed that adverse effect may occur.
 To carry out a diagnosis of the existing environment and activities in the project,
 To propose enforcement measures where beneficial effects from the project are detected,
 To set up an environmental management plan that will govern all activities of the project
for the better protection of the environment.
1.3.2 Specific Objectives

The specific objectives of the ESIA study of the project include:
o Review existing policies, legislations, institutional frameworks of the country and line
funding agency or agencies,
o Identify and describe baseline physical, biological and socio-economic environmental
conditions of the project on the construction site,
o Evaluate alternatives to the proposed project, including the no action or without project
alternatives,
o Identify potential environmental and social impacts arising from the project construction
and operation activities hotel site,
o Undertake consultative meetings with the inhabitants at construction site,
o Determine and recommend appropriate mitigation and/or enhancement measures that can
protect or minimize or eliminate expected possible environmental and social impacts of
this three Sar Hotel project, and
o Develop appropriate environmental and social management and monitoring plans with
estimated implementation budget which can ensure that the proposed mitigation and
management measures are fully adopted or implemented.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE ESIA STUDY
The scope of the project ESIA study is limited to Abdulrahaman Mohammed three Star Hotel
project. It is at Meleb kebele of Moyale town of Borana zone. Accordingly, the scope of the
ESIA study is limited to the Meleb kebele of specified project site and surrounding of the site
overall environmental and social issues under the direct and indirect impact areas.
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1.5 DETAILS OF THE ESIA PROJECT TEAM

General background of the MEFCC requires that an ESIA study of this type exploits a
multidisciplinary team composed of a team of experts to undertake ESIA study. A list of the
members of the Project team for the ESIA is provided in Table 1- 4. As far as possible specialist
studies were undertaken by ETWRDEC which is a Level 1 local Ethiopian Consultancy firm
licensed with the MEFCC. Full certificates of competency for each specialist as well and the
MEFCC certificate for ETWRDEC are provided (see Appendix A).
No Name of Expert Technical Area Category Reference No.
1 Tamena Fita Duresa
2 Abu Eresso Tufa Water Resource use exert & Sinor Consultant 11/III/4558/15
Env.al analyst Expert
3 Gutama Moroda Environmental Engineer
Gobana
4
5
6
7
8
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2 METHODOLOGY
2.1 APPROACH OF THE STUDY
The EIA approach was structured so as to cover the requirements under the environmental
policy of the country and Oromia Regional State, as well as the environmental management
(environmental impact assessment and audit) regulations, 1997. The approach mainly involved
an understanding of the project background, building design, technology and processes,
implementation plan, operation activities. In addition, baseline information was obtained
through detailed physical and biological investigation of the proposed building project and its
surrounding areas, stakeholder consultations (which included discussions with contractor, local
communities, traders, local administration, private sector, government, and private
organizations), photography and, continuous discussions with the proponent. This approach
emphasized key elements of the EIA, i.e., scoping; stakeholder engagement; baseline data
collection; project description; assessment of impacts and identification of mitigation measures
and integrated.
2.2 METHODOLOGY
The methodology used follows the conventional pattern for the proposed Three-star Hotel
project where the EIA study meets the requirements of EPA’s (now, MEFCC) Environmental
Impact Assessment guideline through collection of necessary data and documents, desktop
study, impact analysis, choosing mitigation and enhancement measures using different
optimization tools, and developing environmental protection, monitoring, and management
plans. The methodologies that the consultant has applied can be summarized in the following
manner:
 Literature review: documentation on policies, laws, regulations, and guidelines related
environmental management, industry sector, waste management, land use EIA process,
etc., at the national level as well as the international level have been done.
 Interviews: the consultant has interviewed people around the project
 Data collection: through site visit of the site, required qualitative and quantitative data
have been collected.
 Stakeholder’s consultation: the consultant analyzed key partners/stakeholders including,
neighboring dwellers, etc., to find out their involvement, role, and responsibilities in this
project.
 Mapping and zoning of the site
 Reporting: the data and information collected were organized and compiled in a report.
Table 1.1 Environmental Screening for Category Determination of the Project (whether the
project is category A or B)
Unable to
No Would the project, if implemented: Yes No determine
1 Have significant adverse impacts on public health or safety in x
the long term? e.g., odor,
2 Have significant or controversial environmental effects on x
biophysical resources such as land, water, soil, biodiversity?
3 Have adverse impacts on unique characteristics, such as x
wilderness, natural rivers, aquifers, prime farmlands, wetlands,
floodplains, or ecologically significant areas?
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4 Have adverse impacts on traditional practices or agricultural x

systems in the area?
5 Have highly uncertain and potentially significant environmental x
and social impacts with unique or unknown risks? e.g.,
cumulative impacts – skin diseases, heat strokes, etc.
6 Establish a precedent for future action or represent a decision in x
principle about future actions with potentially significant
environmental and social impacts?
7 Set in motion or contribute to a progressive accumulation of x
significant environmental and social impacts?
8 Have adverse impacts (direct or indirect) on natural habitats x
such as wetlands, mangroves, tropical forests?
9 Have adverse impacts on important national or international x
species (listed or proposed) or on critical species habitats?
10 Have adverse impacts on local or indigenous populations x
residing in the area of interest?
11 Contribute to introduction, continued existence, or spread of x
non-native invasive species or promote the introduction, growth
or expansion of the range of non-native invasive species?
12 Threaten national, local, tribal, or indigenous peoples’ x
requirements for use of natural resources or protection of the
environment?
13 Trigger or exacerbate unresolved land tenure conflicts x
concerning rights or alternative uses of natural resources?
14 Have a disproportionate, significant adverse effect on low- x
income or disadvantaged populations?
15 Restrict access to traditional or ceremonial sites or adversely x
affect the physical integrity of such religious sacred sites?
16 Have adverse impacts on natural resources or properties of x
historic or cultural significance?
17 Lead to significant impacts indicated by a national, district or x
local community group?
18 Have the potential to be controversial because of stakeholder x
disagreement?
19 Encourage migration or other population shifts? x
20 Increase the workload of local communities or subgroups within x
the communities?
21 Work in opposition with ongoing socio-economic development x
goals or efforts?
22 Require Capacity Development of affected or involved x
individuals and organizations? Require Capacity Development
to review and update of policies, laws, regulations, or to develop
partnerships?
Conclusion: as it has been mentioned under section 1.1, in paragraph 6, the project needs partial
EIA study (type B EIA) and the proponent of project has to pay strong attention to the
environmental aspects under ‘yes’ column marked ‘x’ to mitigate the possible impacts that will
be caused.
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2.2.1 Baseline conditions and data establishment

The environmental and social baseline conditions of the proposed phase 1 project of BRWDLPs
were analyzed and the baseline data established for all environmental and social components
such as:
 Geo-physical environment; (Topography, geology, hydrogeology, and hydrology,
climate, ambient air, water, land/soil quality, land use pattern and etc.)
 Ecological/biological environment (Fauna, flora, etc.), and
 Socio-economic environment (People, economic activities, culture and cultural heritage
site, healthy, poverty level, etc.)
2.2.2 Analysis of impacts and mitigation measures
The following major tasks carried out under impacts analysis and mitigation measures.
1) Analysis of the extent of all impacts:
 Optimization of the positive impacts,
 Controlling of unavoidable negative impacts within an acceptable national and
international norms and standards etc.
2). Identification of the most critical environmental and social impacts (positive and negative).
 Arguing them within all the effects of water supply project and environmental
scenario; and
 Attempting to draw an independent conclusion about the area over all environmental
and social impacts status.
2.2.3 Collection of Available Information

Data collection involved activities such as desktop assessment and discussion with the
proponent, observation, detailed physical inspection of the proposed site and the surrounding
areas to determine the present and anticipated impacts of the proposed project, assessment of the
approved land ownership for the proposed Hotel use project. The data obtained was used to
assess potential impacts on health, safety, environment, and the community surrounding the
proposed site location. From the obtained data, environmental, health, safety and social concerns
were identified in relation to the proposed project location and mitigation measures proposed for
the negative impacts, while enhancement measures proposed for the positive impacts.
Photography was used to capture salient features and baseline conditions in the project site and
its neighborhood. The photos were used to define existing features in the project area and
identify land use/land maps, existing local conditions and floral species in the area among
others.
The consulting firm collected and reviewed published national policies, legislatives, regulations,
and guidelines as well as international conventions and protocols ratified by the Federal
Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE), Central Statistical Authority (CSA) Census Reports
and Documents. The existing Environmental data were also gathered from the feasibility study
of the project such as hydrology, topographic map, and socio-economic data. Data collection on
site was done using different tools and techniques including the preparation of check lists and
matrices appropriate for this project.
2.2.4 Field Visits

An intensive two rounds field works were carried out in the proposed project site from
20/10/2021 to 30/10/2021 with all sectors study team and from 03/04/2022 to 07/04/2022 by the
consultant to conduct direct site observation with the purpose of in-depth identification of
anticipated environmental and social impacts and risks associated with the proposed project and
carry out consultation with the concerned stakeholders and project affected community.
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During the field survey, site-specific baseline data on the environmental and socioeconomic
characteristics of the project area were collected through observations. In addition, relevant
government offices were contacted, and sector related data was collected. Therefore, both
primary and secondary data were collected from all possible sources. The collected data have
been used to provide clear description of the baseline environmental and socioeconomic
conditions of the project influence areas in order to assess potential environmental and social
impacts of the intended water supply project. The study team also undertook preliminary flora
assessment in order to establish species richness and associated impacts from the project. The
study also employed remote sense techniques to determine vegetation covers of the area.
2.2.5 Review of documents
Review of the expected Project Activities from Developer‘s feasibility study documents was
also done to understand about the project action and components. Abdulrahaman Mohammed
three-star Hotel project design review was used for identification of expected project activities
and their impacts on existing bio-physical and socio-economic environment of the project areas.
In addition, Ethiopia national environmental and social policies and strategies, national
proclamations, and policies applicable to the proposed project, World Bank and Africa
Development Bank’s policies and standards, Operational and Safeguard Policies, ESIAs of
similar projects and other project documents were also collected and reviewed.
2.2.6 Public Consultation
During the environmental field survey, formal as well as informal consultations were conducted
with concerned officials, experts and representatives of the local community. Accordingly,
stakeholders’ Focus Group Discussions were conducted with Zonal EPA office and Meleb
Kebele key stakeholders on 08/02/2016 was discussed at site and in office.
In addition, Borana Zone Administration, Borana Zone Water Resources, Mines and Energy;
Borana Zone Environmental Protection Authority, Zonal Town land office as well as their line
district sectors in target Moyale district Environmental protection office were contacted during
the preliminary fieldwork of the project. Different methods were employed by the ESIA team
during the stakeholder’s consultation process which include consultative and public
participatory meetings, personnel interviews and focus group discussions. The consultations
were done mainly with administration bodies and general public/community elders of the
locality. Consultation minute is attached (Appendix 2). In addition, public consultative meetings
were conducted in in order to evaluate for the environmental, social, cultural and economic
implications of the intended project.
2.2.7 Environmental Scoping
Scoping is important for two reasons: to pinpoint early allowing mitigating design changes to be
made before expensive detailed work is carried out and to ensure that the detailed prediction
work is only carried out for important issues. It is not the purpose of an EIA to carry out
exhaustive studies on all environmental impacts for all projects. If key issues are identified and a
full scale EIA considered is necessary, then the scoping should include terms of reference for
these further studies. In the plan of deciding on the limits of the study area for the project and
detailing the list of activities and impacts to be studied during the assessment, the consulting
firm carried out an initial environmental examination and scoping. The scoping exercise has
been carried out with the following main objectives to define:
 the limits of the study area.
 list of valued ecosystem components within the study area.
 list of activities, type and magnitude of the proposed project.
 list of Impacts to be studied.
19
In order to carry out the above tasks, the firm employed different tools and techniques relevant
to the proposed project. Use of environmental scoping checklists and consultation of different
stakeholders (including experts, project affected peoples, local administrators and people, etc.).
Figure 2.1 indicate general EIA processes. Generally, potential ‘interactions’ between project
activities and baseline are mapped and the following question will be responded:
 What effects could the project have on the environment or people?
 Which of these effects are likely to be significant?
 Which alternatives and mitigating measures should be considered?
Predicting impacts:
Describing what will be affected (from the baseline - Impacts on environmental elements: water
bodies, soil, air, flora and fauna):
 its timing and duration (when, how long for, how often)
 the probability and consequences (“risk”) of unplanned /non-routine events (accidents
natural disasters etc.), occurring,
 the likelihood of uncertain effects (impacts where we don’t know / are not sure)
occurring
 assumptions and limitations and any resulting uncertainty about the prediction (ranges,
+/- x%, confidence limits)
 Impact type - Direct, secondary, indirect, cumulative or residual
 Impact magnitude
 Impact nature- Negative, positive, or neutral
 Impact duration- Temporary, short-term, long-term, or permanent
 Impact extent- Local, regional, or global
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Figure 2.1: EIA Application Process Source: EIA Guideline of the Federal EPA, (FEPA, 2000).
2.2.8 Use of data generated by other Disciplines.

Relevant data generated/collected by other disciplines such as the socio-economy assessment,
hydro-geological survey and Geo-technical investigation studies were used to supplement the
environmental data and understand the proposed technical features of the project so to render the
impact assessment as comprehensive as possible.
2.2.9 Data Analysis
Collected data and information from all sources were categorized and analyzed to describe the
existing environmental and social set up of the project area and assess and predict potential
positive and negative impacts of the proposed Phase 1 project. Finally, feasible enhancement
and mitigation measures which may eliminate or minimize and/or compensate the identified
adverse impacts were recommended with proper environmental and social management and
monitoring plans.
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2.2.10Report Preparation
Concise ESIA study report containing all essential parts addressing the water supply project
areas physical, biological, social and economic environmental baseline conditions, findings,
management and monitoring plans, conclusions and recommendations was prepared with its full
contents.
2.2.11Environmental and Social Impact Report Structure
The report was organized and prepared based on ESIA guideline of the country. It consists of
twelve chapters.
 Chapter one is the introduction part under which the background of the project, the ESIA
study objectives, study scopes and methodologies, data analysis, report writing and also
the report outline are included Chapter two of the report summarizes the national policy,
legal and administrative frameworks with the international environmental and social
agreements that the country signed and the African Development Band and the World
Bank Policies and guidelines.
 Chapter three of the report is project description section in which the project location
and its components are detailed.
 Chapter four describes the baseline environmental and social conditions of the Phase-1
project of the program areas physical, biological and socioeconomic environmental
conditions.
 Chapter five of the report also describes the stakeholders’ consultations, consultative
approaches and findings of from consultative meetings.
 Chapter six of the report also details with possible project positive and negative
environmental and social impacts of the phase-1 project of the program. The negative
environmental and social impacts are presented with their possible mitigation measures.
Evaluations of the project impacts significances were also included in the chapter.
 Chapter seven is analysis of the project alternatives. Here possible alternatives for the
proposed phase 1 project activities are included.
 Chapter eight of the report addresses the project environmental and social management
plan in which management principles, aspects and plans by project phases including
short- and long-term plans are addressed.
 Chapter nine of the report also addresses the project environmental and social
monitoring plans in which monitoring principles, aspects and possible short- and long-
term monitoring programs are included.
 Chapter ten is the conclusion and recommendation part under which concluded remarks
are presented with recommendations.
 Chapter eleven consists of references used during the study and the final
 Chapter twelve is appendixes which consist minutes of consultative meetings, a lead
study team professional license and CV, consulting level-I firm legal documents, and
2015 E.C (2022/23) clearance.
The main body of the EIA report is structured under 9 chapters: chapter 0 describes about
executive summary, chapter 1 deals with Introduction. Chapter 2 discusses about the initial
environmental examination and scoping report. Chapter 3 reviews the policy, legal and
institutional frameworks that are relevant to the project under consideration. This is followed by
description of the existing environment is covered under Chapter 4. Under Chapter 5 deals with
the physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment. Chapter is the chapter that
deals with the impact assessment and proposing measures for mitigating/enhancing impacts.
Under this chapter, the potential positive and negative impacts as well as their enhancement or
22
mitigation measures are covered. Furthermore, the analysis of project alternatives from the
environmental impact perspectives is presented under this chapter. Chapter 6 discusses the study
team’s proposed Environmental Management Plan for the implementation of the mitigation
measures. Chapter 7 is the environmental management program and monitoring plan for the
proposed environmental management of the proposed project. In the last chapter, Chapter 8 of
the report, the major conclusion and recommendations are highlighted under the conclusion and
recommendations section.

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3 POLICE, LEGAL, STRATEGIES AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

The project proponent needs to ensure that its project activities are in line with all relevant
national policies, legislations and standards operating in Ethiopia, World Bank’s policies,
procedures and standards and other relevant international standards. In this chapter relevant
policies, legal and administrative framework that are relevant to this project are covered. The
project proponent shall observe these frameworks in the designing and implementing the
proposed project activities.
Understanding of available policies and administrative structures, under which the project
implementation and the environmental assessment and management study operates, would assist
in the efforts made for sustainable development and natural resource conservation measures
tried touch in the following topics.
3.1 CONSTITUTION OF FDRE

The constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia provides the overriding
principles for all legislative frameworks in the country. The concept of sustainable
development and the environmental rights of the people are protected in the constitution by the
articles that stipulate the rights of peoples in the country. The concept of sustainable
development and environmental rights are enshrined in article 43, 44 and 92 of the Constitution
of GOE.
Article 43: The Right to Development identifies peoples' right to:
 Improved living standards and to sustainable development; and
 Participate in national development and, in particular, to be consulted with respect to
policies and projects affecting their community.
Similarly, in Article 44: Environmental Rights, all persons:
 Have the right to a clean and healthy environment; and
 Who have been displaced or whose livelihoods have been adversely affected as a result
of State programs has the right to commensurate monetary or alternative means of
compensation, including relocation with adequate State assistance.
Moreover, in Article 92: Environmental objectives are identified as:
 Government shall endeavor to ensure that all Ethiopians live in a clean and healthy
environment.
 The design and implementation of programs shall not damage or destroy the
environment.
 People have the right to full consultation and to the expression of views in the
planning and implementation of environmental policies and projects that affect them
directly,
 Government and citizens shall have the duty to protect the environment,
 Maintains land under the ownership of the Ethiopian people and the government but
protects security of usufruct tenure,
 Ensures the equality of women with men,
 Maintains an open economic policy,
24
 Recognizes the rights of groups identified as “Nations, Nationalities and Peoples”

having a common culture or similar customs, mutual intelligibility of language, belief in
a common or related identity, a common psychological make-up, and who inhabit an
identifiable, predominantly contiguous territory.
3.2 NATIONAL POLICY FRAMEWORK
3.2.1 Environmental Policy of Ethiopia (EPE)
The Environmental Policy of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (EPE) was approved
by the Council of Ministers in April 1997 (EPA/MEDAC 1997). It is based on the CSE, which
was developed through a consultation process over the period 1989-1995. The policy has the
broad aim of rectifying previous policy failures and deficiencies, which in the past have led to
serious environmental degradation. It is fully integrated and compatible with the overall long
term economic development strategy of the country, known as Growth and Transformation plan
(GTP), and other key national policies like the National Population Policy and the National
Policy on Women.
The overall EPE’s goal is to improve and enhance the health and quality of life of all Ethiopians
and to promote sustainable social and economic development through the adoption of sound
management and use of natural, human-made and cultural resources and the environment as a
whole so as to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs. To this end, the Government of Ethiopia has issued
several sectoral policies.
Some of the specific objectives of the Policy include sustainable utilization of non- renewable
resources, identifying and developing natural resources that are currently underutilized,
accounting for the full costs and benefits of natural resource development and empowering and
encouraging public participation in environmental management issues.
The section of the EPA concerning EIA sets out a number of policies, key elements of which
may be summarized as follows:
 The need for EIA to address social, socio-economic, political and cultural impacts, in
addition to physical and biological impacts, and for public consultation to be integrated
within the EIA procedures.
 Incorporation of impact containment measures within the design process for both public
and private sector development projects, and for mitigation measures and accident
contingency plans to be incorporated within environmental impact statements (EISs).
 Creation of a legal framework for the EIA process, together with a suitable and
coordinated institutional framework for the execution and approval of ESIAs and
environmental audits.
 Development of detailed technical sectoral guidelines for ESIA and environmental
auditing, and
 Development of ESIA and environmental auditing capacity and capabilities within the
EPA, sectoral ministries, and agencies, as well as in the regions.
The Policy has been developed as a national instrument for enhancing the objectives of the
Constitution and setting out clear cut directions with respect to environmental concerns
particularly in terms of regulatory measures adopted as well as in the process of design,
implementation and operation of development projects. Its recognition of the significance of
addressing cross-sectoral environmental issues in the context of a national approach to
environmental assessment and management integrates the efforts of a wide range of institutions
across the country. It provides a sound and rational basis for addressing the country’s
environmental problems in a coordinated manner.
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3.2.2 Environmental Policy of Ethiopia (EPE)

The goal of the Environmental Policy of Ethiopia is to improve and enhance the health
and quality of life of all Ethiopians and to promote sustainable social and economic
development through the sound management and use of resources and the environment as a
whole so as to meet the Environmental and Social Management Framework needs of the present
generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. For
the effective implementation of the Environmental Policy of Ethiopia, the policy encourages
creation of an organizational and institutional framework from Federal to community levels.
The Environmental Policy of Ethiopia provides several guiding principles that require
adherence to principles of sustainable development; in particular the need to ensure that
Environmental Impact Assessment:
a) Considers impacts on human and natural environments.
b) Provides for early consideration of environmental impacts in projects and programs
design.
c) Recognizes public consultation.
d) Includes mitigation and contingency plans.
e) Provides for auditing and monitoring; and
f) Is a legally binding requirement.
3.2.2.1 The Guiding Principles of the EPE are:

 Every person has the right to live in a healthy environment.
 Sustainable environmental conditions and economic production systems are impossible
in the absence of peace and personal security. This shall be assured through the
acquisition of power by communities to make their own decisions on matters that affect
their life an environment.
 The development, use and management of renewable resources shall be based on
sustainability,
 The use of non-renewable resources shall be minimized and where possible their
availability extended (e.g. through recycling);
 Appropriate and affordable technologies which use renewable and non-renewable
resources efficiently shall be adopted, adapted, developed and disseminated,
 When a compromise between short-term economic growth and long-term environmental
 protection is necessary, then development activities shall minimize degrading and
polluting impacts on ecological and life support systems. When working out a
compromise, it is better to err on the side of caution to the extent possible, as
rehabilitating a degraded environment is very expensive, and bringing back a species that
has gone extinct is impossible,
 Full environmental and social costs (or benefits foregone or lost) that may result through
damage to resources or the environment as a result of degradation or pollution shall be
incorporated into public and private sector planning and accounting, and decisions shall
be based on minimizing and covering these costs,
 Market failures with regard to the pricing of natural, human-made and cultural resources,
and failures in regulatory measures shall be corrected through the assessment and
establishment of user fees, taxes, tax reductions or incentives,
 Conditions shall be created that will support community and individual resources to
sustainably manage their own environment and resources,
 As key actors in natural resource use and management, women shall be treated equally
with men and empowered to be totally involved in policy, programme and project
design, decision-making and implementation,
26
 The existence of a system which ensures uninterrupted continuing access to the same
piece(s) of land and resource creates conducive conditions for sustainable natural
resource management,
 Social equity shall be assured particularly in resource use
 Regular and accurate assessment and monitoring of environmental conditions shall be
undertaken and the information widely disseminated within the population;
 Increased awareness and understanding of environmental and resource issues shall be
promoted, by government officials and by the population, and the adoption of a
“conservation culture” in environmental matters among all levels of society shall be
encouraged,
 Local, regional and international environmental interdependence shall be recognized,
 Natural resource and environmental management activities shall be integrated laterally
across all sectors and vertically among all levels of organization,
 The wealth of crop and domestic animal as well as micro-organism and wild plant and
animal germplasm is an invaluable and inalienable asset that shall be cared for,
 Species and their variants have the right to continue existing, and are, or may be, useful
now and/or for generations to come; and
 The integrated implementation of cross-sectoral and sectoral, federal, regional and local
policies shall be seen as a prerequisite to achieving the objectives of this Policy on the
Environment.
 The Policy further outlines both sectoral and cross-sectoral environmental policies.
Sectoral environmental policies include:
 It further points out that; Preliminary and full EIA are undertaken by the relevant sectoral
ministries or department if in the public sector and by the developer if in the private
sector.
 Need for public consultation.
 Environmental impact assessments consider not only physical and bio-logical impacts
but also address social, socio-economic, political and cultural conditions,
 Need for environmental audit at specified intervals during the project implementation.
3.2.3 Biodiversity Policy
The biodiversity policy, which was approved in 1998, provides guidance towards the effective
conservation, rational development, and sustainable utilization of the country’s biodiversity. In
general, the policy consists of comprehensive policy provisions on the conservation and
sustainable utilization of biodiversity.
3.2.4 Ethiopian Water Resources Management Policy
The Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Energy has formulated the Federal Water Resource Policy
for a comprehensive and integrated water resource management in 1998. The overall goal of the
water resources policy is to enhance and promote all national efforts towards the efficient and
optimum utilization of the available water resources for socio-economic development on
sustainable bases. The policies are to establish and institutionalize environment conservation and
protection requirements as integral parts of water resources planning and project development.
3.2.5 National Health Policies
Ethiopia’s health policy was issued in 1993, with the aim of giving special attention to women
and children, to neglected regions and segments of the population, and to victims of manmade
disasters.
The priority areas of the policy are in the field of Information, Education and Communication
(IEC) of health to create awareness and behavioral change of the society towards health issues,
emphasis on the control of communicable diseases, epidemics, and on diseases that are related to
malnutrition and poor living condition, promotion of occupational health and safety, the
27
development of environmental health, rehabilitation of health infrastructures, appropriate health

service management system, attention to traditional medicines, carrying out applied health
research, provision of essential medicines, and expansion of frontline and middle level health
professionals.
3.2.6 Population policy
Ethiopia developed its Population Policy in 1993. The rationale behind the policy is that with
increased human numbers, the population carrying capacity of the land decreases. Forest cover
is
estimated to have declined from 40 to 3 percent. Large expanses of land with large herds of
livestock are said “to play havoc with the environment”.
The policy has as its major goal:
 The harmonization of the rate of population and the capacity of the country for
development and rationale utilization of natural resources to the end that level of welfare
of the population is maximized over Time.
3.2.7 Women Policy
The constitution FDRE recognizes equal rights of women and men; however, the traditional
societal structure keeps women in a very low position and vulnerable situation. Women occupy
a very small percentage of key political and government decision making positions.
Harmful traditional practices are common in the country; about 80 percent of women have
undergone Circumcision and other harmful traditional practices. Early marriage of young girls is
a common occurrence among most cultures in Ethiopia. Some studies and reports suggest that
violence against women is quite high and increasing every year.
Ethiopian women also experience heavy workload and mainly domestic work. It is estimated
that on average, women work 15-18 hours per day. Women also do not have access and control
to resources. According to the 2003 Agricultural census, only 18.6% women among farming
communities were able to have ownership of agricultural land. On the contrary, women among
the pastoral communities could only own property if they could only have a male guardian.
3.2.8 Urban Planning: Proclamation No 574/2008
3.3 STRATEGIES FARMWORK
3.3.1 Economic Development Strategy
Right after the 1992 Rio Conference, Ethiopia finalized a National Conservation Strategy (NCS)
followed by an environment policy in 1997 that encapsulated sustainable development
principles. The country has also developed development programs in key economic and social
sectors like roads, education and health in 1997, implementing them since then, in different
phases. Since late 1990s and early 2000s, Ethiopia has instituted a series of medium-term plans
and focused policies such as the Agriculture Development Led Industrialization (ADLI),
Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP), a Plan for Accelerated and Sustainable Development
to End Poverty (PASDEP) 2005/6 - 2009/10/. In 2010, Ethiopia unveiled a Growth and
Transformation Plan for the period 2010/11-2014/15. At the same time a Climate Resilient
Green Economy Strategy was developed in 2011 and launched at the 17th UNFCCC in Durban,
in 2011.
Understanding and internalization of the concepts of sustainable development has substantially
improved as witnessed by the refinement of successive plans over the years. The 1990s and
28
early 2000s development plans focused on the economic and social development pillars, and
integration of the environment pillar began in during PRSP in 2002/03, as the country’s
economic began double digit growth rate. PASDEP integrated the environment in the
development plan with clear indicators and targets.
Among all the medium- and long-term plans prepared in Ethiopia, the GTP is the most
ambitious and has the hallmark of an integrated plan incorporating sustainable development
principles and objectives.
The current development plan, GTP, envisages the country’s GDP per capita to grow from 378
USD in 2010 to 1271 USD in 2025. It also projects that the contribution of agriculture will
diminish from 42% to 29% indicating migration of jobs from the agriculture sector to industry
and services, which are expected to contribute 32% and 39% of the GDP.(FDRE, CRGE, 2011).
The GTP explicitly recognizes that environment is a vital and important pillar of sustainable
development, and states that “building a ‘Green Economy’ and ongoing implementation of
environmental laws are among the key strategic directions to be pursued during the plan
period” (GTP 2011; p.119).
Ethiopia recognizes that sustained political will, leadership and commitment by all stakeholders,
are required to realize the 5- year GTP and integrating the CRGE within all aspects of the GTP.
The country also expects the international community to support its exemplary initiative of the
green economy agenda that is based on a well thought out strategy. The success of Ethiopia’s
CRGE will have far reaching impact and positive influence among developing nations.
The sustainable development efforts of the country are supported by a number of national
policies, strategies and laws. Ethiopia also makes serious follow up in the implementation of
multilateral agreements.
In the 1980s and early 1990s, the Ethiopian economy was on a down-ward trend, with average
GDP growth of 2.3% and per capita GDP growth of -0.4%. With economic reforms following
social and political transformations, the 1990s and 2000s have registered positive growth, with
an average real total and per capita GDP of 3.7% and 0.7% per annum, respectively (MoFED,
2002). The country began implementation of the integrated development plans in 2002, the first
being the Sustainable Development and Poverty Reduction Program (SDPRP), which covered
the past three years, 2002/03-2004/05. During SDPRP, the country began to register better
economic performance, with an average GDP growth of 6.7% per year (and an average annual
per capita income growth rate of 3.65%). The second and third years of SDPRP period actually
registered double digit economic growth, with annual rates of 11.9% and 10.6%, respectively.
Since then, the country has maintained high growth rates (MoFED, 2011). In 2012, the
Ethiopian economy is estimated to be the third fastest growing economy in the world, and the
first fastest growing economy in Africa (FDRE, CRGE, 2011) The country has registered such
encouraging economic performances through formulation of policies and implementation of
programs and putting in place appropriate institutional arrangements. Ethiopia has sustained
record of strong economic growth, during.
3.3.2 Agricultural Development Strategy Conservation strategy

Agriculture is the backbone of the Ethiopian economy. It employs over 80% of the population,
and still dominates GDP contribution. Its growth, like the country’s economic growth, was
stagnant for decades. The Ethiopian Government began taking different policy measures and
development interventions since the 1990s. The overarching development policy of the country
29
is Agricultural Development Led Industrialization (ADLI). The country has trained tens of
thousands of extension workers and assigned a minimum of three extension agents (crop,
livestock, and natural resources management) to each Kebele.2 The agricultural sector has
performed strongly over the last 10 years, registering an average of 8% growth. However, there
is high potential to improve productivity, production, and market linkages. The government has
made strong commitment to the sector through allocation of more than 15% of the total budget
(MoFED, PASDEP, 2006).
Agricultural Development Led Industrialization (ADLI).
Since the 1990s, the Government of Ethiopia followed the Agricultural Development Led
Industrialization (ADLI) strategy. The ADLI's distinctive features include: (i),
commercialization of smallholder agriculture through product diversification; (ii) a shift to
higher-valued crops; (iii) promotion of niche high-value export crops; (iv) support for the
development of large-scale commercial agriculture; (v) effective integration of farmers with
domestic and external markets; and (vi) tailoring interventions to address the specific needs of
the country's varied agro-ecological zones. ADLI remains to be at the government policy, at
least for the next 5 years.
Development in the sector since 2002, during the implementation of SDPRP and PASDEP was
encouraging, with over 8% annual growth. Based on the progresses during the last two plan
phases success, the government developed the current Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP)
(2010/11-2014/15), building a Climate Resilient Green Economy (CRGE) by 2025, and
Agricultural Sector Policy and Investment Framework (PIF) for 2010-2020.
In order to achieve the goals, set for the agricultural sector, the country has started additional
new programs and created additional institutions that help to transform the sector. The
Agricultural Growth Project (AGP) is a program focusing on selected high potential Woredas3.
Beside the ministry, the government has also created Ethiopian Agricultural Transformation
Agency (ATA).
Agricultural Growth Project - AGP
The Agricultural Growth Project (AGP) of Ethiopia aims at increasing agricultural productivity
and market access for key crop and livestock products in targeted woredas with increased
participation of women and youth. It has three components: (i) agricultural production and
commercialization; (ii) small-scale rural infrastructure development and management; and (iii)
AGP management and monitoring and evaluation (M&E).
The AGP focuses on areas that are relatively rain-and food-secure and, given the right support,
hold considerable potential for agricultural growth. It helps to scale up best practices in
agricultural production and post-harvest value addition, with due emphasis on natural resource
conservation and rehabilitation. A total of 83 woredas in 20 clusters in the four regions of
Amhara, Oromiya, SNNPR, and Tigray have been selected.
Ethiopian Agricultural Transformation Agency (ATA) 4
Based on the successes of the past 10 years, the Government of Ethiopia has created the
Agriculture Transformation Agency to transform the agriculture sector and realize the
interconnected goals of food security, poverty reduction, and human and economic
development. The ATA is one of the measures taken by the government, in order to achieve the
30
targets set in Ethiopia’s current Five Year Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP). The targets
focus on enhancing the productivity and production of smallholder farmers and pastoralists,
strengthening marketing systems, improving participation and engagement of the private sector,
expanding the amount of land under irrigation, and reducing the number of chronically food
insecure households (FDRE, GTP, 2010).
Agricultural Sector Policy and Investment Framework (PIF) 2010-2020
The Policy and Investment Framework (PIF) provides a strategic framework for the
prioritisation and planning of investments that will drive Ethiopia’s agricultural growth and
development. With continued strong commitment of the Government to finance agriculture and
rural development over the next decade, the agricultural sector budget shall also grow from
around 0.75 billion USD in 2010/11 to as much as 2.74 billion USD per annum by the end of the
PIF period. On this basis the total budget over the ten-year PIF would be around 16.6 billion
USD, of which around 2.5 billion USD is already committed under existing programmes and
projects. Most (80 per cent) of the additional 14 billion USD of funding will be required during
the second half of the PIF period (MoRAD, 2010).
3.3.3 The Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia (CSE)

The CSE, approved by the Council of Ministers in 1996, provides a comprehensive and rational
approach to environmental management in a very broad sense, covering national and regional
strategies, sectoral and cross sectoral policies, action plans and programs as well as providing
the basis for development of appropriate institutional and legal frameworks for the
implementation (EPA) /Ministry of Economic Development and Co-operation 1996, MoEDAC).
It also deals with providing a strategic framework for integrating environmental planning into a
new and existing policies and projects.
It mainly recognizes the importance of incorporating environmental factors into development
activities from the beginning so that planners may take into account environmental protection as
an essential component of economic, social and cultural development.
The Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia, which was approved by the Council of Ministers,
provided a strategic framework for integrating environmental planning into policies, programs
and projects. With regard to development of alternative energy resources and their utilization,
the relevant strategies include the following:
 Develop alternative energy sources such as solar power, wind, biogas, agricultural biofuel,
liquid bio-fuel or small hydroelectric plants for towns and villages remote from the
national grid;
 Acquire, develop, test and disseminate appropriate and improved energy use
technologies (e.g. improved stoves, charcoal kilns, solar powered cookers & heaters) and
Demonstrate and support the use of other energy sources (e.g. geothermal, solar, etc.) in
the various economic sectors where it is currently little used such as in transportation,
irrigation, crop-drying, food processing, fish drying, and thermal heating.
3.3.4 Ethiopia’s climate resilient green economy strategy
The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia has initiated the Climate
Resilient Green Economy (CRGE) initiative to protect the country from the adverse effects of
climate change and to build a green economy that will help realize its ambition of reaching
middle income status before 2025. Ethiopia’s green economy plan is based on the following four
pillars:
 Improving crop and livestock production practices for higher food security and farmer
31
income while reducing emissions,

 Protecting and re-establishing forests for their economic and ecosystem services,
including as carbon stocks,
 Expanding electricity generation from renewable sources of energy for domestic and
regional markets; and,
 Leapfrogging to modern and energy-efficient technologies in transport, industrial sectors,
and buildings.
3.3.5 Gender Mainstreaming strategy and guideline (2010)
This strategy was adopted at policy, program and project level by government and development
partners to ensure the outcomes of development to be shared equally between men and women;
both men and women enjoy equal opportunities, status and recognition.
The ratification of the Family Law and amendments made to the criminal code significantly
support to fight abuses committed against woman and children. Proclamation No, 1156/2019
gives special attention to woman and young workers. The proclamation provides protection for
woman in general and pregnant woman in particular from hard work and long hours. The law
clearly states that women should not be discriminated against as regards to employment and
payment on bases of her sex. Gender norms in Ethiopia vary widely depending on geographic
location, ethnicity, and religion, especially related to property ownership, inheritance, and the
division of assets after divorce. However, the new Family Code has changed all that. Passed in
2000, it gives equal rights to women in marriage and it requires all assets be divided equally
among both partners in the case of a divorce. By now, all the states in Ethiopia have approved
this new Code. Ethiopia is one of many developing countries implementing gender policy
reforms, especially regarding women’s equal access to assets and resources.
3.3.6 Ethiopian Investment Strategy
There had been several investment proclamation and regulations issued by government as the
country started to move away from ‘centralized economy’ to ‘free market economy’ (since
1992). These policy issues influence the project in different aspects.
Above all, the following two documents that constitute the building blocks of the current
Ethiopian investment strategy, directly affect investment in the country in general.
Proclamation No.37/1996: Investment proclamation of the federal Democratic Republic
of Ethiopia; and
Regulation No. 7/1996: Council of Ministers regulations to provide for investment
Incentives.
According to the Investment Proclamation No.37/1996, the objective of the investment policy of
the federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) are designed to improve the living standard
of the peoples of Ethiopia through the realization of sustainable economic and social
development. Article 13 of the proclamation specifies the required information for applying for
investment permit. The first sub-article under article 14, prescribes the procedure for issuance of
investment permit, states the following:
 Upon receiving an application for investment permit made in full compliance with the
provisions of Article 13 of this proclamation, and after ascertaining within 10 days that the
included investment activity would not be contravening the operational laws of the country
and that it complies with conditions stipulated in environmental protection laws, the
appropriate investment organ shall issue an investment permit to the applicant.
32
 The Council of Ministers regulation No.7/1996 provides the terms and conditions under
which investment incentives is provided for investors. The investment incentive is divided
into the following two categories: exemption from income tax and exemption from
customs duty on imported machinery and equipment. The exemption from income tax is
based on the following two criteria. The first criterion is the class of the investment as
pioneer investment, promoted investment, or expansion and upgrading of existing
investment. The second criterion is the location of the investment with respect to its
potential contribution to equitable distribution of regional development.
In 1998, the government of FDRE issued the following proclamation and regulations with the
objective of amending the investment proclamation and regulation issued in 1996.
 Regulation No. 116/1998: A proclamation to amend the investment proclamation.
 Proclamation No. 35/1998: Council of Ministers Regulations on Investment Areas
Reserved for Domestic Investors.
 Regulation No. 36/1998: Council of Ministers Regulations to Amend the Investment
Incentives Regulations.
Policy and Legislation on the Sector
Objectives
 to sustainably enhance the production and productivity of agricultural sector for
improvement of the living conditions of the people,
 to conserve and rational utilization of natural resource for sustainable agricultural
development,
 The policy statements include:
 Importation and handing over of crop protection technologies should be based on testing
their effectiveness,
 spraying pesticides considered as effective control of Migratory pests,
 the need for the establishment of plant quarantine system to prevent intrusion of exotic
pests or move out of the country,
 Development of pesticide registration and control system, etc.
3.4 REGULATIONS, PROCLAMATIONS AND PROCEDURAL GUIDELINES

FRAMEWORK
The Federal Government of Ethiopia is in the process of passing number of proclamations,
regulation and guidelines that are aimed at providing the legislative instruments for the
implementation of the national environmental policy objectives and strategies. The following
environmental protection proclamations were enacted by the council of Representative of
FDRE.
The Proclamation contains general provision control, Environmental standards, powers and
duties of Environmental inspectors, rights to appeal and offenses and penalties. The pollution
control component includes provisions on management of hazardous wastes, chemicals and
radioactive substances, management of municipal wastes and protection of the ozone layer. The
proclamation has provisions on forfeiture cancellation and restoration and can described
sections.
33
3.4.1 Proclamation 299/2002, Environmental Impact Assessment

It is promulgated in December 2002. The primary objectives of this proclamation are to make
EIA mandatory for defined categories of activities undertaken either by public or private sector.
The proclamation under its General provision Article –3, sub article-1 states that without
authorization from the Authority (EPA), or from the relevant regional environmental agency, no
person will commence implementation of any project that requires environmental impact
assessment as determined in a directive issued pursuant to Article-5 of the proclamation.
Article 5 describes projects requiring Environmental Impact Assessment as follows:

 Every project, which falls in any category listed in any directive issued pursuant to this
proclamation, shall be subject to Environmental Impact Assessment.
 Any directive provided under sub- article-1 of Article –5 should among other things,
determine categories of; a) Projects not likely to have negative impacts and so do not
require EIA, b) Projects likely have negative impacts and thus require environmental
impact assessment.
 EIA-Guide lines have been prepared both at federal & regional level. These guidelines
follow the conventional procedures adopted elsewhere in the world.
To put this Proclamation into effect the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
has issued an ESIA Directive (Directive no.1/2008) and other draft procedural guideline
documents, which provide details of the EIA process and its requirements.
Based on the Federal EIA Proclamation No 299/2002, many of the regional states have also
prepared and put in force their own ESIA regulations. Some of these regional ESIA
regulations put stricter rules on the project proponents and ESIA practitioners to facilitate
for the preparation of ESIA’s with dependable and sufficient information that would enable
sound decision making.
3.4.2 Proclamation 300/2002, Environmental Pollution Control

Proclamation No. 300/2002 on Environmental Pollution Control primarily aims to ensure
the right of citizens to a healthy environment and to impose obligations to protect the
environment of the country. The proclamation is based on the principle that each citizen has the
right to have a healthy environment, as well as the obligation to protect the environment of the
country. The law addresses the management of hazardous waste, municipal waste, the
establishment of environmental quality standards for air, water and soil; and monitoring of
pollution. The proclamation also addresses noise and vibration as one source of environmental
pollution and it seeks for standards and limits for it providing for the maximum allowable noise
level taking into account the settlement patterns. In general, the Proclamation provides
a basis from which the relevant Environmental standards applicable to Ethiopia can be
developed, while sanctioning violation of these standards as criminally punishable offences.
3.4.3 Environmental pollution control proclamations No. 300/2002.

This proclamation sets rules on control of pollution, management of hazardous waste, chemical
and radioactive substances, management of municipal wastes etc. Outlines sectors that require
environmental standard, environmental inspectors, and incentives, rights to appeal, Offences,
and penalty.Furthermore, it empowers the MoEFCC and/or the Regional Environmental
Authority to assign environmental inspectors with the duties and responsibilities of controlling
environmental pollution. In order to ensure implementation of environmental standards and
related requirements, inspectors belonging to the MoEFCC or the relevant regional
34
environmental agency are empowered by the Proclamation to enter, without prior notice or
court order, any land or premises at any time, at their discretion. Such wide powers
derive from Ethiopia's serious concern and commitment to protecting the environment from
pollution.
3.4.4 Proclamation 513/2007, Solid Waste Management

This proclamation came into force with an objective of implementing effective solid waste
management in the country. The Proclamation recognized the existing solid waste
management problems in the country and emphasizes the need to prevent environmental
pollution that may result from the disposal of solid waste. The MoEFCC is responsible for
initiating and overseeing the implementation of overall policies, strategies, and guidelines on
solid waste management. Regional environmental agencies and City Administrations are also
responsible for drawing out their plans as regards the implementation of the Proclamation and
monitoring efficacy.
The Proclamation promotes community participation to prevent adverse effects and enhance
benefits resulting from solid waste. It provides for preparation of solid waste management
action plans by urban local governments. Therefore Article 5.1 of the proclamation states that
Urban Administrations shall ensure the participation of the lowest administrative levels and
their respective local communities in designing and implementing their respective solid waste
management plans. In Article 5.1 each Region or urban administration shall set its own
schedule and, based on that, prepare its solid waste management plan and report of
implementation. In this proclamation the following provisions are provided in relation to the
treatment and disposal of solid waste:
As Regards to Penalty
Without obtaining authorization, a person who implements a solid waste management project
that requires special permit before its implementation as determined in a directive issued by the
relevant environmental agency commits an offence and shall be liable according to the relevant
provision of the criminal code.
3.4.5 Proclamation No 209/2000: Research and Conservation of Cultural
Heritage
The Proclamation outlines the requirements for studying cultural heritage and specifies that a
permit is required before any exploration; discovery or study of cultural heritage may be
undertaken. Requirements for chance finds are also outlined in the Act. Article 41 which states
that: “Any person who discovers any cultural heritage in the course of excavation connected
with mining, explorations, building works, road construction or other similar activities shall
report to the Authority and protect and keep same intact until the Authority takes delivery
thereof”. The Authority shall take all appropriate measures to examine, take delivery and
register the Cultural heritage so discovered. Where the Authority fails to take appropriate
measures within 6 months, the person that discovered the cultural heritage may be
released from the responsibility by submitting a written notification with a full description of
the situation to the Regional Government official.
3.4.6 Regulation 159/2008, prevention of industrials pollution regulation
As a follow up to Proclamation 300/2002, a regulation to prevent industrial pollution was
developed by the Federal Environmental Protection Authority and endorsed by the Council of
Ministers to ensure compatibility of industrial development with environmental conservation.
35
This Regulation confers important obligations to industrial operators. A factory subject to the
regulations is obliged to prevent or minimize the generation and release of pollutants to a level
not exceeding the environmental standards. The regulation also obliges industrial operators to
handle its equipment, inputs and products in a manner that prevents damage to the environment
and to human health. Moreover, the regulations urge industrial operators to prepare and
implement an emergency response system of their own. On the other hand, industrial operators
are required to prepare and implement internal environmental monitoring systems and keep
written records of the pollutants generated and the disposal mechanisms used to get rid of the
pollutants. In relation to it, factories are required by the regulation to submit annual compliance
reports with the provision of the regulations.
3.4.7 Labour Proclamation (377/2003)

The Labor proclamation requires an employer to take the necessary measures to adequately
safeguard the health and safety of the workers.
3.4.8 Labour (Amendment) Proclamation (494/2006) sub of above
The labour proclamation no. 377/2003 hereby amended as follows:
The provision of (C) of sub-article 2 of article 2 of Article 3 is deleted and replaced by new
provision (C) of sub-article 2 of Article 3
‘‘(C) Managerial position who is vested with powers to lay down and execute management
policies by law or by delegation of the employer depending on the type of activities of the
undertaking with or without the aforementioned powers an individual who is vested to hire,
transfer, suspend, layoff, assign or take disciplinary measures against employees and include
legal service head who recommend measures to be taken by the employer regarding managerial
issues by using his independent judgment in the interest of the employer.’’
The following new provisions (g), (h) and (i) are added to sub-article 1 of article 39:
‘‘(g) Where he has no entitlement to a provident fund or pension right and his contract of
employment is terminated upon attainment of retirement age stipulated in the pension law; ‘‘(h)
Where he has given service to the employer for a minimum of five years and his contract of
employment is terminated because of his sickness or death or his contract of employment is
terminated on his own initiative provided that he has no contractual obligation, relating to
training to serve more with the employer.
22
‘‘(i) Where is contract of employment is terminated on his own-initiative because of HIV/AIDS.
4) Article 185 is deleted and replaced by the following new article 185:
‘‘185 common offences
/1/. An employer, a trade union, a worker or representative of employer which;
(A) Violets the provisions of this Proclamation or regulations or directives issued hereunder
relating to the safety of workers and commit an act which expose the life or health of a worker
to a serious danger or doesn’t give special protection to women or workers or young workers as
provided for this proclamation.
Applicability of this project: the labour, recruited temporarily & permanent basis, it will done
based on the above stated proclamations.
3.4.9 Public Health Proclamation (200/2000)
This proclamation prohibits:
 The discharge of untreated liquid waste generated from septic tanks, seepage pits and
industries into water bodies, or water convergences.
The disposal of solid or liquid or any other waste in a way which contaminates the environment
or affects public health.
36
3.4.10EIA Procedural Guideline, November 2003

The guideline outlines the screening, review and approval process for development projects in
Ethiopia and defines the criteria for undertaking an EIA.
3.4.11Guidelines for environmental management plan (draft) May 2004
The guideline outlines the necessary measures for preparation of an environmental management
plan (EMP) for proposed developments in Ethiopia and the institutional arrangements for
implementation of EMPs.
3.4.12Noise Standards:
Ethiopia has no national legislation for noise, but World Bank guide
lines have been adopted by EPA and are used for benchmarking purposes along with the
draft National Noise Standards that are being prepared. The guidelines being adopted by
EPA for Ethiopia for daytime perimeter noise is 55 decibels (DBA)
Area code Category of Area Limits in DBA

Day Time Nighttime
A Industrial Area 75 70
B Commercial Area 65 55
C Residencial Area 55 45
Source: World Bank 2012
Table 2: Limit value of noise level
3.4.13 Ambient Air quality Standards:
Ethiopia has no national legislation for air quality, but World Bank guidelines have been
adopted by the EPA and are used for benchmarking purposes along with the draft National air
quality Standards that are in preparation by the EPA. Table 2 provides the provisional air quality
standards being adopted by EPA for Ethiopia as well the WB/IFC guidelines values.
Pollutant units Guideline Values

Ethiopia Standard WB Standard
Particular Matter PM 2.5 jig/NmJ None 30
Particular Matter 10 j^g/NmJ 150 100
Ulfur dioxide (SO2) lig/Nm3 1000 400
Nitrous oxide (NO2) jj.g/ 2000 600
NmJ
Table 3: Limit Values for Emissions to Air

3.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT NSTITUTIONAL
IFRAMEWORKO
The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) has two levels of administrative
structures, Federal level Government and regional governments. There are Twelve regional
governments and two city Administration under the Federal Government. Roles and
responsibilities of governments at different levels (Federal, Regional, Zonal &Woreda) have
been defined by the constitution and proclamations Nos. 33 of 1992, 41 of 1993 and No. 41 of
1995. Under these proclamations, duties and responsibilities of regional states are included.
3.5.1 National Environmental Institutional

The administrative structure of FDRE is based on a federal system that has nine regional states
and two special city administrations Environmental protection activities are directed and
37
managed at the national level through three levels of institutional arrangements. These are
namely, the Environmental protection council, the Environmental protection Authority and
inter-ministerial commission coordinating Mechanisms.
3.5.1.1 Environmental protection Council

The proclamation for the establishment of the Environmental protection Authority establishes
Environmental protection council to ensure the integration of Environmental concerns with
development policies, strategies and plans as well as coordination among sectors. The council is
composed of the Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Trade and Industry, Ministry of Health,
Ministry of Mines and Energy, the commissioner of Science and technology, the Ministry of
water resources and the general manager of EPA. An official to be designated by the
government chairs the council.
3.5.1.2 National Environmental Protection Authority

At the National level, the MoEFCC is mandated with responsibilities for management of
environmental issues. An amendment to the definition of powers and duties of the executive
organs of the FDRE which was made in 2013 (proclamation no. 803/2013) gives the MoEFCC
powers to fulfill its role in ensuring the realization of the environmental objectives provided
under the constitution. In a recent and similar amendment to the definition of powers and duties
of the executive organs of the FDRE that was made following the 2015 General elections, the
name of the Ministry was slightly changed from MoEF to MoEFCC to reflect the focus of its
growing role in Climate Change activities. MoEFCC is involved in the development of
environmental policy and legislation; setting environmental quality standards for air, water, and
soils; monitoring pollution; establishing systems and procedures for ESIA; and in establishing a
national environmental information system.
Enforcing the laws and policies including ESIA, environmental monitoring and auditing, for all
projects or activities that falls under the control of the Federal Government also falls within the
responsibilities of the MoEFCC and its delegated sector ministries. MoEFCC had delegated six
sector ministries including the Ministry of Transport: Information and Communication, Ministry
of Mining, Agriculture, Industry, Water & Energy, as well as Ministry of Trade. The delegated
sector Ministries have been assigned the dual role of reviewing ESIA reports as well as ensuring
timely and effective implementation supervision of sector specific ESIAs.
The Regional States are also required to establish their own regional environmental agencies,
which are responsible for ESIAs for regionally managed infrastructures or development
activities. The Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Climate Change (MoEFCC) is required to
provide regional authorities with guidance, technical support, and capacity building; support the
development of various guidelines, including procedures appropriate to sector projects;
undertake awareness creation in other federal agencies; and provide technical support to those
agencies.
Following the screening, review and comment of environmental impact statements both the
MoEFCC and REPAs approve project EIAs and issue an environmental clearance/ permit where
applicable. MoEFCC and Regional Environmental Protection Authorities (REPAs) also
undertake environmental audits where required to ensure that projects are complying with their
Environmental Management Plans (EMPs) and their commitments to environmental mitigation
and monitoring.
38
The Environmental Protection Authority (APA) is the competent Environmental Agency at the
Federal level in Ethiopia established by proclamation No. 9/1995. Article 5 of the proclamation
states the following as the objective of the EPA (Now MoEFCC).
The objective of the Authority shall be to ensure that all matters pertaining to the country’s
social and Economic activities are carried out in a manner that will protect the welfare of human
beings as sustainably protect, develop and utilize the resource bases on which they depend for
survival.
Over the last few years, EPA (MoEFCC) has been working on streaming its organizational
structures in such a way that it will enable it to conduct its duties and responsibilities effectively.
When it comes to EIA, the Federal Authority will only be involved in EIA processes where a
proposed activist may:
 Have an Environmental effect across the international boundaries of Ethiopia,
 Have an Environmental effect across regional boundaries with in Ethiopia,
 Have an effect on an Environmental of national or international significance,
 Have a Federal Government Department, the relevant regional Authority, or another
statutory body as proponent,
 Have the Federal Investment Authority as the investment approval body.
Inter-ministerial Commissions and coordinating mechanisms.
Besides the Environmental protection Authority (Now MEFCC) and the Environmental
protection council, there are several inter-ministerial commissions that are established in the
form of standing national committees and boards facilitate cooperation and coordination
cooperation Different government ministries, authorities, commissions and NGO’s and other
relevant organizations.
3.5.2 Oromia Regional Environmental Protection Authority
As it described above, the FDRE has two levels of administrative structures, Oromia National
Regional State is one of the twelve regions under the Federal Government of Ethiopia. Oromia
has a total area of about 353,690 Km 2, which covers about 32% of the country’s total area
coverage. The executive body of Oromia regional state is structured under cabinet guided by the
office of the president and the vice president. There are many bureaus and offices in the region;
one of these bureaus is the Oromia Rural Land and Environmental Protection Bureau (ORLEPB)
that was established through the proclamation No.147/2009. Article 5.1 of the regulation
mandates the bureau to ‘formulate policies, strategies, programs, or guidelines pertinent to
environmental protection and follow up its implementation up on approval, while Article 5.12
mandates the bureau to ‘regulate and follow up that any development activity is planned and
implemented without damaging the environment and disordering its balance. Proclamation No.
176/2012 and No.177/2012 of Oromia National Regional State also addresses Environmental
Impact Assessment and Environmental Pollution Control respectively in the region. When it
comes to EIA, the national provisions indicate the Federal EPA devolves responsibility to the
regional environmental offices, especially for projects that fully under the jurisdiction of the
regional governments.
3.5.2.1 Zonal Environmental Protection Office

There are twenty-two administrative zones in the Oromia National Regional State and fourteen
town/city administrations. Borana Zone is where the stated project is located.
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3.5.2.2 District Environmental Protection Office

The highest administrative structure of the district administration is the district council, which is
established consisting of the administrative arm and a cabinet. The district environmental
protection office is the lowest administrative hierarchy closely responsible to monitor
environmental issues at this level.
3.5.2.3 Kebele Administration Organ

The Kebels have their own council consisting of the administrative structure and the cabinet
members. The main responsibilities of the Kebele include promoting local development in their
Kebeles, executing government policies and facilitate their implementation and conducting tax
collection.
3.6 REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL MULTILATERAL AGREEMENT.

In addition to national environmental legislations, Ethiopia is signatory to a number of
multilateral agreements that have bearing on the sustainable development efforts of the country.
Ethiopia has signed and/or ratified many of the international conventions and protocols and
some of the important MEAs are briefly discussed below:
 Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992: The three goals of this convention are the
conservation of biodiversity; the sustainable use of the components of biodiversity; and the fair
and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the use of genetic resources. The Convention
was ratified by Ethiopia by Proclamation No. 98/94, on May 31, 1994. By Proclamation No.
362/2003; Ethiopia has ratified the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on
Biological Diversity.
 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC), 1992: Ethiopia

Ratified this. convention through Proclamation No. 97/1994 on May 2/1994. This convention
considers the fact that climate change has transboundary impacts. The basic objective of this
convention is to provide for agreed limits on the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere
so as to prevent the occurrence of climate change. It also aims to prepare countries to minimize
the impact of climate change should it occur.
 The Basel Convention, 1989: The objective of the Basel Convention is to control and regulate
the trans-boundary movement of hazardous wastes and their disposal adopted on 22 March
1989. The Bamako Convention of 1991 plays a similar role at the level of the African continent.
Ethiopia ratified the Basel Convention through its Proclamation No. 357/2002. Its amendment
was ratified through Proclamation No. 356/2002. The country has also ratified the Bamako
Convention through Proclamation No. 355/2002.
 The Stockholm Convention: In the year 2002, Ethiopia fully accepted and ratified the
Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants by proclamation No. 279/2002 was
designed to ban the use of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). The EPA has the full mandate
to implement the Convention at the national level.
 The Rotterdam Convention: The Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent (PIC)
relates to prior informed consent in the context of international trade in specific hazardous
chemicals and pesticides. The federal EPA is the organ responsible for the domestic
implementation of this convention, which has been ratified by Ethiopia Proclamation No.
278/2002.
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 Convention on the protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage: Each state party to
this Convention recognizes the duty of ensuring the identification, protection, conservation,
preservation, and transmission to the future generation of the culture and natural heritage
situated on its territory, belongs primarily to the state. Ethiopia has ratified this convention in
1997.
 Convention on the means of prohibiting and preventing the Elicit, Import, Export, and
Transfer of ownership of cultural property: The states parties undertake to oppose such practices
with the means at their disposal, particularly by removing their causes, putting a stop to current
practices, and by helping to make the necessary preparations. Ethiopia ratified this convention in
2003.
 UNESCO’s Conventions and Recommendations: Standards for the protection and

management of cultural heritage, in general, have been issued by a variety of institutions;
foremost among these are the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO); the International Council on Monuments and Sites ( I COMOS); the Council of
Europe (COE); and national governments. Most of these standards pertain to material culture,
often termed ‘tangible’ cultural heritage; however, there is increasing attention also to
‘intangible’ heritage, including the products and processes of artistic and creative expression.
Of the above, the UNESCO standard-setting documents consist mainly of conventions and
recommendations. The five UNESCO conventions regarding cultural heritage include armed
conflict (1954); illicit trade (1970); world heritage (1972); underwater cultural heritage (2001);
and intangible cultural heritage (2003). Of the five, the 1972 ‘World Heritage Convention,’
which provides for the designation of World Heritage Sites, is by far the most popular and
widely known. Ethiopia has been a member of UNESCO since 1976.
In addition to the conventions, from 1956 to 1980, UNESCO issued recommendations in order
to encourage international and regional cooperation, and especially, improvement in the
management of cultural heritage at the national level. Recommendations were issued on
numerous subjects, including international competitions in architecture and town planning
(1956); safeguarding the beauty and character of landscapes and sites (1962); prohibiting and
preventing the illicit export, import, and transfer of cultural property (1964); preservation of
cultural property endangered by public or private works (1968); protection, at the national level,
of the cultural and natural heritage (1968); safeguarding and contemporary role of historic areas
(1976) and protection of movable cultural property (1978).
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4 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
4.1 GENERAL BACKGROUND

Moyale town founded about hundred years ago connecting with Kenya and Ethiopia bounder
demarcation, this emerged first as a garrison town and then become permanent route of trade of
south Ethiopia region to communicate for middle east south east Asia and East Africa since
foundation it.
Primacy of Moyale is explained not only by the size of its inhabitants, but also by concentration
of economic, social, political and cultural activities of the two adjoining countries (Ethiopia and
Kenya). As virtue of its geographical location, Moyale town is the transport and commercial
pivots of the region; almost all the import – export transactions take place in this town. The town
hosts a number of international and regional organizations; it is two countries, as well as transfer
of many other multinational organizations and diplomatic organ.
Despite of such national, regional and international importance, like other towns, Moya hardly
meets the required urban quality and standard of regional town in its physical fabric as well as in
the level of infrastructure and service provisions. The most parts of the town including inner and
expansion areas of the town are predominantly occupied by unplanned, irregular/informal
settlements characterized by dilapidated and substandard structures, faulty road alignments and
unsightly activities.
The ESIA project report is based on information and consultations with the project proponent,
the architects, quantity surveyors, engineers, and financial analyses and details contained in the
drawings of the proposed project.
4.2 PROJECT GOAL
The main goal of ABDULRAHAMAN MOHAMMED is to construct and build Environmental
and Social sustainable Three-star Hotel to meet the development requirement of Moyale town.
The proponent develops this project having an overall goal of taking advantage of the
opportunities existing in Construction of Hotels to satisfy demands in the local market and to
come out as a successful market opportunity of building and related services.
4.2.1 Project Location

The proponent of this project has proposed a Three Star Hotel Building with Architectural
design of B+G+4, at Moyale town, Meleb kebele and House Number New which falls on the
east of Addis Ababa.
The project will be established in Oromia National Regional State, Moyale District, in Meleb
kebele, in the delineated for business area, on the southeast of Ethiopia Kenya asphalt road, in
ward about 500m. The site is circumscribed with road in East, West and South and by Obboo
Liyoworf Belechew at North direction. The project site covers a total area of 15,000m2 of land.
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Table 4.1 details the demarcation of the project site and figure 4.1 – 4.2 describe the site plan
and photograph of the existing project site.
Table 4.1: Description of the demarcation of the project site
Directions Demarcation Geocoordinates Altitude
East Road X1=503988 Y1=396190, Z1=1123
North Liyowarf Belechew X2=503988 Y2=396159, Z2=111
West Road X3= 503956, Y3= 396162, Z3=1116
South Road X4=503955 Y4=396195 Z4=1109R
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Figer 4.1: Location of the Proposed Site from Google Earth

As to Moyale district, is one of the twelve Woredas of Borena Zone in the Oromia National
Regional State of Ethiopia. The woreda is bordered by Kenya to the south, Dire Woreda to
the west, and Liben zone to the north and the east. The Woreda administrative center and
main market is Moyale town. Moyale town is located some 784km south of Addis Ababa,
can be reached by a tarmac road that crosses into Kenya. Geographically Moyale Town is
located between 3019’33’’ N - 3025’05’’ N and 39010’129’ E - 39010’00’’E.
Abdulrahman Mohammed has proposed to construct a new Three Star Hotel building Project in
this town. Accordingly, the client business plan is triggered towards for the successful
implementations of the building plan mentioned above. The promoter has given due attention for
the wellbeing of the environment and urban setting as well as the neighboring business centers
and designed to maximize the benefits of all stakeholders. From the discussion with the
promoter, it was learnt that the architect design is made to address environmentally friendly
components and targeted to make it one of the first building and hotel in zone and the region.
That is why; this study is commissioned to GT and HT Consultancy Firm, to assess the projects‟
environmental and social impacts as per the applicable EIA guidelines.
4.3 PROJECT OBJECTIVE AND JUSTIFICATION

4.3.1 Project Objective
The proposed project has main and specific objectives: main objective – is to construct quality
and standard Building and for multipurpose Service to local markets. The specific objectives
are:
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 To generate additional long lasting activities among the dwellers and additional income
generating activities for: laborers, professionals, skill persons, , etc.
 To be a frontline model for sustainable development: securing good returns for its business,
delivering positive social impacts within local communities, and promoting environmental
conservations.
 To transfer technology in the sector of Construction - industries.
 To alleviate the existing shortage of the business center by construction of superior quality
rooms that are competent and enable to fill the existing gap,
 To generate employment opportunities for residents,
 To generate additional income to the country in general and Moyale Town in particular
through tax payments
4.3.2 Project Justification
The economic base of Ethiopia is agricultural products and small-scale industries such as metal,
chemical and food production industries have also a significant role in economy of the nation.
However, Public investment in infrastructure to promote economic growth of the country and
creates the opportunities of jobs and service beside other economic activates. Investment in
roads linking rural and urban areas plays a significant role in creating physical and economic
linkages. For example, physical linkages like transport networks help in bringing agricultural
products to market at cheaper cost. They also create mobility of people, capital, goods, and
services between urban and rural areas. Economic linkages between urban areas and rural areas
are urban centers offering markets for rural products and rural areas serving as markets for
goods and services produced in urban areas.
4.4 NATURE AND SCOPE OF PROJECT
Construction of Hotel provision of services facilities to those who in need. Its performance
contributes to the performances of the health sector such as the improvements of market center
coverage, office facilities, cafeteria and internet service provision center and other related
shopping service center which make access for multi goods at one shopping place.
To provide the above services, first and foremost, it needs to secure and prepare ESIM approval
and then begin construction of standardized buildings and facilities. The following facilities and
buildings are needed to provide adequate business services.
 15,000m2 of land for Construction of Hotel
 Bar and Restaurant
 Marketing and shop
 Banking
 Game and play Station.
 Office Rooms
 Bedrooms
 Swimming pool and green garden
 Installation of water lines, electricity and telecommunication lines
 Soil excavation and building of facilities such as construction of:
 Adequate sewerage lines.
4.5 DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED PROJECT
The proponent will want to invest on an area of in a total site area of 15,000m 2 of lands for
construction of three-star hotel located at Borana zone of Moyale town of Meleb kebel where
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labeled as commercial/business area by the town administration. Thus, the study is confined to
the aforementioned area and its surrounding to prepare the EIA as well as EMP reports in this
particular assignment. The proponent has proposed a Three Star Hotel building on an area of
about 8000m2 lands and the rest land for green area and plantation. Road in three directions and
northern surrounded by resident. The area will be expected to be more hot business center than
does before. The area is approximately 300m far from the main Asphalt Road and has different
alternative access road to simplify the traffic flow for both during construction phase and
operational phase. On the site, there are basic infrastructure like electric power main line,
municipality sewerage system, Telephone line and road among the few to mention.
The Woreda has an estimated total population of 101,700 people (CSA, 2017). The vast
majority of the population is settled in rural ollas or villages. The population density in the
area is about 11.5 persons/km2. The altitude ranges between 900 and 1,100m above sea
level: the majority of the woreda is classified as kolla (lowland). And a small proportion of
the land is woina dega (mid highland).
The total area of the woreda is estimated at 1,130km 2, but only a small proportion of the
land is suitable for agricultural use. Almost half the rural population relies on both
agriculture and livestock. Other communities are either more dependent on agriculture
(40%) or livestock (10%).
The population harvests twice in a normal, or good, year. The genna long season rains,
which are the most important for agriulturalists, usually take place between mid-March and
late June. Farmers plant maize wheat, barely, pulses, sorghum and teff in the genna. The
crops are usually harvested in June and July. The short rainy season hagaya falls between
September and November; haricot beans and teff are the most important crops planted at
this time. If the rainfall is sufficient, farmers also plant wheat during this season. Hagaya
crops are harvested in November and December.
In the past three or four consecutive years harvests have been very poor or non-existent due
to the complete absence or poor quality of the rains. The genna rains last year were first
since El Nino (1998), however they were erratic and insufficient.
Because the woreda is relatively small, the population's access to markets and health
services are not as limited as some other areas and the infrastructure is generally fair. The
maximum time taken to reach Moyale town (from the furthest part of the woreda) is five
hours, but most communities can access the town much quicker than this. There are 55km
of all-weather roads in the Woreda. There is a health Centre in Moyale town with 2
physicians and more than ten-health assistants. However, there is a clinic in only one PA in
the rural part of the woreda. People with serious health problems are usually referred to the
Kenyan gambo hospital. The Woreda has eight elementary schools and one junior
secondary school in rural areas. There is also one junior secondary school and one high
school in Moyale town.
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Figure 4.3 Borana Administrative District Administration Adopted from GIS 10.4
The major limitation of the study area is unavailability of compiled data, background
information and well-articulated research and assessment in related to similar investment
activities and related social, economic and environmental concerns.
4.6 LAND TENURE, USE, OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT

The property under reference land use type is to implement Three star Hotel building
(complexes) and is now entertaining different buildings including swimming pool, recreation
and green area and other buildings in the near distant on the land that belongs to the owner
provided by Moyale town with Ref .No. W/L/A/M/3795/2016 on date 30/01/2016 E.C and
hence the proposed building project will start construction soon after all necessary requirements
fulfilled.
4.7 PROJECT DESIGN DESCRIPTIONS

The project Site is located in the Northeast Part of Moyale town of about 500m main Asphalt
Road crossing the town to Kenya. The southern part of the base is the air road, and the northeast
is the cist hall. The area has convenient transportation and excellent location. The building area
is 8,000 square meters for different block and compartments square meters.
There are two main aspects in the design of a multi-story building. The structural design
considers all the main structural components - the skeleton - including the foundation, the
beams, columns, external walls, as well as the internal flooring system and roof structure. The
architectural design provides the external cladding including windows and louvers, internal
walls, insulation, etc... In some areas, the distinction between structural and architectural design
is not clear cut and there can be considerable overlap; changes to the structure often enforce
47
changes to the architecture and vice versa meaning any final design is therefore the result of an
iterative, developmental design process.
4.8 UTILITIES
The utilities and facilities including water, electricity, sewerage, storm water drainage, transport
and traffic, fire reticulation. In order for the project to achieve its objectives varying quantities of
utilities will be necessary as ancillary and primary inputs.
4.8.1 Electricity Supply
Apparently, the existing overhead line from main road to site is 120kw, which is currently, lies
adjacent to the site discussions between the proponent and EEU (Ethiopian Electric Utility)
yielded that the lead-time to install a three phase power sources. From the clients‟ key
personnel, it was learnt that all the power supply for the envisaged project will employ 220KVA
in total.
In addition, there will be one Stand-by Diesel Generators for Sustainable Power Supply to run
the overall system.
4.8.2 Sewerage System
The by‐laws require all new buildings to be provided with effective sewer connections within
the recommended distance. If no such public sewer exists within the recommended distance or if
it is not practical to connect with such sewers, then the drain should empty into septic tanks or
soakage ways or as the council may direct. The project design has a septic tank of about 25 m 3.
The proponent will be planned to connect the wastewater to Municipal Sewer line which crosses
the site in the near distant if any.
4.8.3 Water
The envisaged project will employ water for miscellaneous use from own backyard source from
its ground water potential to be developed within the same perimeters of the development area.
This water resource will be extracted from 400meter depth well water and will have a volume of
40 cubic meters per hour. The Ground water potential will cover 80-90% of the total estimated
volume of water but the rest of the water consumption will be fulfilled from the municipality
water source. The Municipality water will be mainly employed for Hydrant purpose to be
installed in the selected area in and/or around the development perimeter.
However, the project will also consider other sources of water due to the known high demand on
water infrastructure in town like in the case of Sewerage Water emanate from the Hotel among
others. Thus, the following are some of the sources of water that the project will use.
4.8.3.1 Sewerage Water

As a matter of fact, the Hotel will generate significant amount of wastewater mainly from
Toilets, Kitchen and Cleaning process (Laundry, Floor Cleaning etc.). The Proponent has a plan
to treat the Sewerage Waste by designing dedicated Septic tank and then introduce a sewerage
treatment device which will have the capacity to treat almost 10m3/hr wastewater and to reuse it
for the purpose of watering the Garden. As observed from the Architectural Design, the building
density is 53%. The greening rate is 35%.
Apparently, the envisaged project will not consider harvesting of roof water as part of its water
source, as disclosed by the principal contractors‟ key experts.
4.8.3.2 Storm Water Drainage

Moyale town rises from an elevation of about 1040 and 1150 meters above sea level. The
climate of the area is characterized by arid to semi-arid climate and with recurrent drought.
48
The drought is due to lack of adequate rainfall and limited or no availability of perennial fresh
surface water bodies. That means the area has high flash floods during rainy seasons and all the
steams of the area are intermittent. These facts cause the local community and institutions to rely
mainly on groundwater as a major source of water supply.
In addition to this, Moyale is characterized by bimodal (two peak) type of rainfall. The area gets
the first major rainy season during spring period with peak in April and the second rainy season
from October to December with peak in October. The spatial distribution of mean annual rainfall
in the area generally decreases from the high land toward the lowlands. the spatial and temporal
distribution of rainfall tends to decrease with decreasing altitude. As a result, those areas situated
on the escarpment and plateau get annual rainfall amount of greater than 680mm/year while the
areas found in the lowlands (including Moyale areas) get mean annual rainfall of less than 580
mm/year.
The mean annual rain falls of 580 mm), even at a modest sized 50m 2 roof, can potentially yield
approximately up to 30m3 of water annually. For the preliminary calculations it has been
assumed that the entire development site will be impermeable, whether through building
development or hard landscape areas and roads.
The topography of the development site is a general fall from the road in the north towards the
east. Preliminary calculations have been carried out to determine the quantity of runoff from the
site but will need to be checked with verified climatic details for the vicinity (as rainfall can be
quite localized). e.g. The extent of future soft landscaping will reduce the runoff volumes but it
is anticipated that these areas will be small (10-15% maximum) of the development areas and
therefore not significant in the initial calculations.
The choice of storm water drains will include having open storm water drains alongside the
roads, although cheaper to construct than buried pipes; they affect the aestheticism of the site.
4.8.3.3 Off-Site Drainage

There do exist storm water drains to the west of the site, which are owned by Addis Ababa city
administration, but their spare capacity is unknown. The nearest storm water drain is located
near the site. There is a limitation on the peak discharge to this drain since it leads to an existing
culvert. Most of the off-site existing storm water infrastructure is either silted over or has been
damaged/removed over time. If any are to be used in the development storm water design
surveys will be required to calculate their capacity and condition.
The simplest solution may be to discharge all of the site runoff into an off-site storm water
system. from preliminary calculations, which assumed an increase from 25% run-off now to
100% run off in the future, the 10-year runoff increases from 1.1 m 3/s to 5.3 m33/s. this
additional flow, if the existing drains are currently at capacity, will need to be supplemented
with an additional 300 mm diameter pipe based on an assumed 1 in 100 gradient or equivalent
open channel. for a 1 in 100 year design, the runoff increases from 1.1 cubic meters per second
to 5.3 m3/s. the existing drains will need to be supplemented with an additional 600 mm
diameter pipe based on a 1 in 100 gradient or equivalent open channel.
4.8.3.4 On-Site Drainage

The current topography on site generates two low points, one at the centre / north, and the other
at the southern boundary. The on-site drainage can be dealt with by reshape the site with bulk
earthworks. The cost of this in terms of earthworks and environmental aspects would be
considered if this option was to be pursued.
49
4.8.4 Fire Reticulation

The proponent and his insurers‟ standards for fire protection are likely to be higher than the
statutory minimum as required by Addis Ababa city council and the fire brigade. Therefore, this
will be adopted informed by proponent and approval of this approach will be sought from the
relevant authorities.
Access for fire brigade vehicles will be provided around the site, with fire hydrants spaced to
give adequate coverage to the perimeter of all buildings. If the hydrants are served from water
source truck, the pressure within the main is usually adequate as the fire engines have an in-built
booster pump. In this case, water truck would take over the fire reticulation system and hydrants
at the end of the defects liability period, having already approved the design of the entire water
reticulation system before construction.
4.9 PROJECT COST AND SCHEDULE
The proposed project is estimated to cost 250 million Eth Birr. This cost includes the feasibility
study, engineering component, geotechnical and hydro geological study, environmental impact
assessment study and others). the construction will be conducted using schedule based on the
availability of adequate financing of the total cost as well as the amount of fund that the funding
source releases as per the schedule set.
4.10 CONSTRUCTION PHASES PROCESS, EQUIPMENT, MATERIALS, WASTES &

OUTPUT
4.10.1 Processes
Site preparation, land clearing and decommissioning the existing structures; relocating the
120kw power lines; digging trenches for the perimeter wall; erecting the perimeter wall, access
gates and constructing a security office/post; installing construction firefighting equipment; soil
compaction for the parking, loading areas and paths; building the site foreman‟s office; digging
the internal sewerage network trenches and laying the network pipes; building a materials‟
storage; soil excavation for the foundations; digging trenches for the sewerage network and
installing it to connect; filling the foundations; lining the foundation with PVC ;erecting
construction pillars ; erecting the walls for the buildings; constructing the roofs and water tanks;
fitting and plumbing the water network around the buildings; electrical fittings in the buildings
and around the site with switchboard, transformers etc.; plumbing and piping the office and
storage units ;installing emergency generators and water pumps; installing elevators and
escalators; establishing sewerage facilities and connections; tarmacking the parking area and
paving the paths; erecting a fence around the site; landscaping the site and facilities ; installing
in house amenities such as lights, doors, windows floors, carpets etc. and interior decoration;
placing firefighting equipment |installing facility waste management equipment e.g. bins ;
installing perimeter and internal site lights i.e. streetlights; painting the internal roads and
placing signs around the site.
4.10.2 Equipment
Chainsaw; earth mover; compactor; spades; wheelbarrow; hammers and bolt and nut fasteners;
handsaw; bolts, nut, screws and nails; ropes; ladders; electric and gas welders; electric saws and
grinders; gas cutters; spirit level; road roller; trucks; hand drills and drill bits; glass cutters; wire
cutters; shears; cranes; mobile electric power generators; concrete mixer trucks; wheel loader;
fork lift & telescopic Fork Lift; tractor ; excavator ; Asphalt paver and dump truck. And Tower
Crane; bar straightening machine, bar bending machine, die head threading machine; pan saw;
concrete; vibrating spear; concrete mixing plant; concrete pump; vertical transport equipment.
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4.10.3 Material and Energy

Most commercial buildings tend to make extensive use of steel, glass, and concrete materials in
construction, all of which can be energy-intensive to produce, via processes that have the
potential to cause adverse environmental impacts and utilizing resources that are in shortening
supply.
However, recent developments in wood technology and engineered timber products, seismic and
acoustic design, fabrication, and construction techniques have enabled timber to be utilized
much more extensively for the basic structure of medium-rise, multi-story buildings, such as a
typical ‘down-town’ office block.
While there is a tendency for commercial buildings to be labelled according to the main material
used for their sub-structure and super-structure, the vast majority of buildings use a large
number of different materials, from a variety of sources, both national and international. From a
materials perspective, a building becomes a very complex system, and it is often not
immediately clear which materials or combinations of materials provide the best environmental
performance (in terms of life–cycle energy use and GWP, for example). While conscious of
these limitations, this report will retain this labelling system as it is current practice.
Sand; fuel and oil; electricity; water ; cement and ceramic tiles; concrete; polythene; bricks and
gravel; water; steel; concrete pipes; steel pipes; PVC pipes; Polyfilla, adhesives and paints ;
ceramics tiles; copper wires ; plastic; electricity ; gas (acetylene & oxygen) ; cardboard; PVC;
glass ; bricks ; asphalt and bitumen.
4.10.4 Expected Waste
Construction Waste: paper, polythene, metal shavings, cement, concrete, welding particles,
plastics, sand, grey water, adhesives, paints, soil, plants, cloth, rubber.
Air Emissions from vehicles engines and burning and friction operations (CO x and SOx). Oil
and fuel spills from vehicles and storage of oil and fuel. Dust from movement of vehicles and
excavation activities.
Sewerage and domestic/Municipal waste; emanate from sanitary system and waste water
generated from construction activities and make their way to drainage system or possible line.
4.10.5 Output
Primary and ancillary project facilities (commercial units, residential units, retail area, common
area, perimeter wall, security posts and access gates, storage facilities etc).
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5 BIOPHYSICAL, SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND SOCIO-CULTURAL

ENVIRONMENT DESCRIPTION
The existing environments pertaining to this Three Star Hotel project are both bio-physical and
socio-cultural aspects which must be considered. Prior to detail description of the project site, a
general description of the study area is presented below.
5.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE CONDITIONS

5.1.1 Topography
Topography of the project area is characterized by an expansive flat lowland spotted by hills at
certain intervals with variation of ground elevations which range from 1,100 up to 2,495 m.a.s.l.
for Borana zone in general and land ranges between 900 and 1,100m m.a.s.l for Moyale
District in particular. The area is divided into three main physiographic regions, the eastern
mountainous ridge and associated valleys, the central valley plain and inselbergs and the western
warped plateau.
5.1.2 Geology and Soils

The local geology of Borana Zone comprises four major geological formations;
Precambrian basement complex/crystalline rocks (consisting granite, gneisses and
magmatite), Sedimentary deposit (sand stone and lime stone), Volcanic (Tertiary and
quaternary basalt and tuff) and Quaternary deposit (alluvial deposit, alluvial-in situ
weathering rock). Of these, the geology of the Yabello area is Precambrian basement
complex, quaternary deposit and tertiary and quaternary volcanic are dominantly found
followed one another.
5.1.3 Soils
There are eight major soil types found in Borana Zone. These major soils are Cambisols,
Vertisols, Luvisols, Fluvisols, Leptosols, Calcisols, Andosols, and Nitisols. Camisols, Luvisols,
Vertisols, and Nitosols are the dominant soil classes found in the zone. Of these major soil types
the Cambisols, Fluvisols and Vertisols are found in the Phase-1 project area of the program at
most. Fluvisols and Vertisols dominates the plain areas while Cambisols dominate the northern
areas of Yabello and the project area.
5.1.4 Climate
The climate of the project area is characterized by semi-arid to sub moist lowlands (hot to warm
thermal zone). The rainfall pattern of the area is Bimodal Type II with two growing periods.
There are four seasons observed in the area; long rainy season called Ganna (March-May), cool
dry season Adoolessaa (June to August), short rainy season Hagayya (September to November)
and the dry season called Bona (December to February). The annual mean average rainfall
ranges from 450-650mm.The rainfall is not only in intensity and duration but also its distribution
is uneven and varies in area coverage. The mean annual temperature of the project area ranges of
17.5- 27.50C and this temperature is within the ranges of physiological requirement for most
agricultural production.
Impacts of climate change are manifested in the form extreme weather events like drought, heat
waves, heavy rains, floods, storms, wildfire, etc. of which severe drought is repeatedly
manifested in the project area. It affects all sectors indifferently, although agricultural activities
especially
52
sensitive to weather variability and that can result in the agricultural sector being extremely
vulnerable to climate change. Water availability likely decreases by climate change and
recurrent droughts. Hence adaptation to climate change is not only the matter of maintaining the
current agricultural production or safeguarding existence of farming communities, but also to
reduce vulnerability of the future generation and ensuring sustainability.
As to the project area, the local community entirely depends on climate sensitive sector as their
livelihood bases are livestock husbandry and crop production. The increased frequency of
recurrent drought is hampering the productivity of the sector which is increasing number of
peoples and livestock at risks. One season rain failure can result in strong shock to the livelihood
system of the peoples of the project area. Therefore, climate smart development interventions
are vital to adjust the system to the actual or expected climate stimuli.
The proposed Project is, therefore, planned to use groundwater source as it is relatively climate
resilient compared to other sources such as rivers streams and water harvesting mechanism to
alleviate shortage of water. As systems such as boreholes that draw water from large, permeable
aquifers are the most resilient to all expected climate change impacts, the project shall consider
the factor.
5.1.5 Recurrent drought

Drought is one of the major hydro-meteorological hazards often occurs in the project area.
Based on information obtained from local elders, drought occurrence frequency of the Borana
Zone is increasing from time to time and currently at the stage of threatening the livelihood of
the community. The project study team realized that the prolonged drought resulted in migration
of people because of increased pressure on water source and rangelands. As a result of mobility,
lack of forage and water productivity and deaths livestock were realized. Hence, interventions in
water sector will have immense contribution towards improving the livelihood of the local
community.
5.1.6 Air quality

There are no industrial pollution sources in the project area, no road traffic and transportation
density is extremely low to cause air pollution. For this reason, it was not necessary to consider
the background air quality of the project area. Generally, the ambient air quality of the project
area has no major sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the Galchet Sarite Water
Supply Project impact zone.
5.1.7 Noise
No data exist on the present noise situation. However, apart from traffic noise along the Moyale
roads and urban noise in the main population centers, the background noise levels are considered
insignificant. The project’s impact zone is therefore not currently affected by significant noise
pollution.
5.1.8 Water Resources

Moyale water supply system exist since more than 30 years. El Gof boreholes catchment and
pipeline to Moyale were implemented at the end of the 1980’s. Since its creation to 2017, the
traditional operator of the water supply system was the public Water Board, which belongs to
Oromia Region administration. Some INGO (Oxfam) supported the Water Board with
substantial rehabilitation and equipment renewal. Around 2015/2017, the NGO World Vision
implemented Bolkulubana boreholes catchment site and transmission line for the supply of rural
53
villages along the line Bolkulubana-Moyale and to increase water volume delivered to the town
of Moyale.
In 2017, the city of Moyale was thus supplied from two boreholes sites: El Gof and Bolkulubana
with two transmission lines of respectively about 35 and 65 km. The town itself is equipped with
one water reservoir and a very basic distribution network limited to the old town center. The
whole system generally is old and was not upgraded to follow population and town growths.
Consequently, before the clashes of 2017, Moyale city was already suffering from water stress
and lack of investment to cope with the situation. In 2017, El Gof water production site was
damaged and stopped operating. El Gof area also passed under Somali control. In response to
that unprecedented action of destruction against public infrastructure, valves were closed to shut
down the network serving the Somali suburbs. While directly after December 2018 clashes,
INGO coped the situation with water trucking up to April 2019, the population now is highly
suffering from water scarcity, relying on unsafe shallow wells and governmental or regional
water trucks.
5.2 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT/FLORA AND FAUNA RESOURCES

5.2.1 Vegetation
The major and dominant plant type identified in the project area is acacia species (Figure4.1)
which is widely found in rangelands and almost everywhere in the project area. The vegetation
in the total project area is considered to have of low importance and value.
5.2.2 Terrestrial Fauna

Wild animals commonly observed in lowland areas of the country such as Bush-pig, Warthog,
Anubis baboons, fox, hyena and other small wild animals were observed during the well field
site observations. There is no park or wildlife reserved areas adjacent or across the raw water
main transmission line to from the well field to the main reservoir.
5.2.3 Birds
Based on information obtained from Borana National Park Office, various bird species can be
observed in the project area as they seasonally move from site to site especially from low
altitude to relatively high altitude to adapt seasonal climate changes.
Therefore, of the 276 bird species recorded by the park in the area, most of these birds can be
observed in project area of the program as birds can move with seasonal variations and also fund
in grasslands, wetlands and swamp areas. Regarding species of special concern, the project area
seasonally hosts the two endemic birds namely, the Ethiopian Bush Crew and White-Tailed
Swallow.
Like the birds in different environments, the birds of the project area have ecological and
economic importance. Apart from this, birds are also key component of the ecosystem and
considered as environmental indicators.
5.2.4 Wildlife
No significant wildlife population or habitats identified in the project area, this is mainly
attributed to the location of the site in the center of the residential areas where there is no free
space for wildlife either to leave in or even to visit.
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5.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC BASELINE AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION AND

SETTLEMENT PATTERN
5.3.1 Administrative Setting

The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia is a federation subdivided into 9
ethnolinguistically based Regional States and 2 chartered cities (Addis-Ababa and Dire Dawa)
since 1992. One specificity of Moyale is that the town spread over 2 regions, Oromia and
Somali Regional States.
Regions are subdivided into Zones, which are a second-level subdivision of Ethiopia, then in
Woredas (districts), and finally into Kebeles (ward), which are the smallest unit of local
government in Ethiopia.
Moyale town is split since 2018 between two Woredas: Moyale Woreda of Oromia Region,
under Borena Zone, and Moyale Woreda of Somali Region located at the extreme southwest of
the Dawa Zone. The administrative special limits of Moyale are not precisely defined since the
Regions creation in the 1990’s and border issue is a very sensitive subject as the area is disputed
between the two regional entities.
5.3.2 Population
Huge discrepancies exist in literature concerning Moyale population figures. First probably
because there is a confusion between woreda vs urban area. Second because the city is split in
the two Oromia and Somalia administrations. On top of that, such figure is sensitive in a
disputed area where it can be used for political purposes. The neutrality of ICRC must apply to
the consultant and the consultant will carefully make sure that population numbers will not serve
any political purpose.
The last official census of 2005, 2007 omits to give the population for Moyale city, while it’s
given for most of town in the country. Indeed, the CSA (Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia)
gives the population counting only for Moyale rural areas. For Moyale woreda of Oromia
region, the 2007 national census reported a total population of 31’162 (none were urban
dwellers), while in the figures published by the CSA in 2005, this woreda has an estimated total
population of 128,016 (among it, 25’038 were urban dwellers). For Moyale Woreda of Somali
region, the 2007 national census reported a total population of 254,137 (none were urban
dwellers).
Some internet site (like Wikipedia, city population) give figures between 25’038 (in 2005),
41’600 (in 2015) to 134’314 dwellers without clearly mentioning their sources.
Local authorities and contacts (administration, Ethiopian Red Cross and Water Office) gives
figures for Moyale town between 200’000 and 250’000 people. However, these figures seem
exaggerated. For the Kenyan side, the population census of 2009 counted 37’387 urban dwellers
for Kenyan side of the town and projected 48’102 for 2017 (Kenya of National Bureau Statistic,
2013). One visit with Kenyan Water Authority gave the figure of 70’000 dwellers for Moyale
Kenya according a 2019 census.
5.3.2.1 Population GIS counting

Facing these discrepancies and the sensitiveness of the population figures, ICRC initiated a
population counting using satellite imaging and GIS support. The different elements of the
satellite picture have been classified (vectorization) and areas have been defined (zoning) per
type of activity (commercial, residential, etc.), using the following assumptions:
 The buildings in Moyale Ethiopia and Moyale Kenya are counted,
55
 All buildings covered in the imagery are considered in the counting,

 All buildings within a parcel are counted as individual entity,
 The number of people per household is taken to be 8.
 The factor of 1 and 0.5 are used to compute number of people in residential and
commercial areas respectively but no population considered for the rest of land use
types.
We could get the following preliminary results,
 Total of 26 958 buildings counted (18 871 in Ethiopia and 8087 in Kenya)
 The 24693 buildings are residential, 863 commercials, and the rest other land use types,
 Total estimated population is 200 696 people (139 080 for Moyale Ethiopia and 61616
for Moyale Kenya)
5.3.3 Land Tenure
Being pastoral area, the land/rangeland in the project area belongs to the clan. In pastoral areas,
every member of the pastoral community has the right to use the land collectively by clan under
customary law. But there is also a land that has been individualized after the pastoralists or
people from the highland areas started crops cultivations. Villages have rights to the land that
their residents have traditionally used including grazing land, fallow land and unoccupied land.
Villagers have a customary right to own the village land that they hold under customary law or
have received as an allocation from the village council. Cultivation of cropland is a means used
to put land under private holding as far as the individual tiller belongs to the same community.
When he leaves the community, it becomes communal property.
With regard to the Main Reservoir expected on Simu Hilltop which is under communal land,
although if at all it is private area the community provide for the development as water is critical
problem of the society. Beside this, it should be known that Boran zone settlement conditions is
very sparsely populated and the settlement condition is also very rare.
5.3.4 Land Use Land Cover

With acacia dominance, eight vegetation cover types have been identified in the project area.
Open Shrub lands, Grasslands, cultivated land, Built-up area, Exposed surface, Forest land,
Riverine Forest, and Wood lands. As observed during the field survey, shrub lands are the
dominant land cover in the project area. It is obvious that degradation of vegetation cover is
expected as a result of recurrent drought of the project area. Some of the major tree species are
presented in the above Table 4.3. Similar to other parts of the country, the vegetation (i.e.,
assemblages of trees, shrubs, herbaceous and grasses) are used for various purposes. Some of the
uses include construction Terrestrial Fauna.
5.3.5 Settlement pattern

The settlement pattern in the project areas is generally seen as scattered villages, “Ollaa”, which
are sparsely setup or a mix of mobile and small sedentary clusters at some intervals. The
majority of the settlements are found along roads
The livelihood base of the project area community is entirely depends on livestock husbandry
(major) and crop farming (Maize, Teff, Haricot bean and sugarcane). The main source of income
of the community, therefore, are livestock, livestock products and crop production. There are
also significant numbers of the community engaged in pure pastoral way of life. In addition,
there are also people engaged in off farm activities such as petty traders, daily laborer, sales of
Gum & incense, charcoal, firewood and Sales of livestock products such as milk.
56
The wealth status is determined by sources of income and major occupations, which determine
the livelihood of a household. Livestock production is the most important source of income.
Hence, the number of cattle, camels, goats or sheep is a good indicator of the wealth status in the
project area community. Moreover, the nature of occupation such as trading, and the income
generated through such an employment is also an indicator of wealth group.
5.3.6 Local Economy

The extreme south of Ethiopia is a semi-arid area historically dominated by pastoralist activities.
Moyale is naturally born from trading activities and market, the city being placed at the border
of Ethiopia and Kenya along the main road Nairobi – Addis-Ababa, and at the crossroads of
different pastoralists groups. Agriculture is present is a very limited space, usually along short
strips of dry riverbeds.
Concerning water usage, on top of drinking water, the main water consumption is the livestock
supply (camels, cattle, donkeys) all over rural areas. In the pastoralist culture, it is to be noted
that water for animals is as important as for human population. Thus, livestock demand has to be
integrated in the global water demand, if planners do not want the project water supply to be
diverted to livestock support.
5.3.6.1 Livestock Rearing

Based on information obtained during the fieldwork, the number of livestock population of the
phase-1 project areas of the program, it is declining due recurrent draughts. The population
projection for the two districts target areas (16 rural Kebeles) of both Elweya and Yabello, by
taking 2020 as base data districts is about 335,267; 341901, 371973 and 399146 livestock for the
year 2020, 2025, 2030 and 2035 respectively, if favorable climate conditions exist
5.3.6.2 Crop Production

The limited types of crops produced in some pocket areas of the zone consist of Teff, maize,
haricot bean, sorghum and sugar cane. Crop production is often constrained by lack of rain and
short of inputs supply such as fertilizer and tractors. The agro-pastoralists of the project areas
said that they pay Birr 2,500.00 - 4,000.00 per hectare for tractor rentals from private
individuals, which in their opinion is too expensive and unaffordable compared to the outputs
they get or expect. Farmland is available in various parts of the zone but poor soil fertility,
unreliable rainfall and termite infestation remain serious constraints to crop production practice.
4.3.6.3 Means of Livelihood
In socio-economic study, the household survey result indicates that 80.7% of the respondents
lead their livelihood by crop cultivation and livestock rearing or both as mixed agriculture. Of
these, pastoral activity (livestock rearing) alone as means of livelihood accounts for 71%, mixed
agriculture or both crop cultivation and livestock rearing accounts for 17% and petty trade takes
3% of the total as detailed in Table4.7
Agricultural activities, mini sale of local alcohol, ‘’Caticala’’, daily laborers, are the major
source of income for the Tiyo Aana in particular and Borana zone in general. However, with
regards to Moyale town and, trade, services provision businesses, government work and
Agriculture are the main source of lively hood for population of the town and immediate vicinity
of the community.
The other most important infrastructure among other is the telephone service provision of the
town. The telephone service provision of the town was developed with the development of
57
telephone service provision of the country. Moyale obtained semiautomatic telephone line since
1981 E.C and fully digitalized at present day. The major Telephone services of the town are
fixed line, mobile service, internet and fax. There is a demand for such service. It is difficult to
quantify the exact numbers of customers of mobile user in a town unless otherwise the number
of mobile line provided by Moyale Telecommunication authority. However, there is about 350
fixed line customers and 250 internet client in the town.
5.3.7 Education Services and Institutions
Based on data obtained from Borana Zone Education Office the Zone a whole has education
institutions ranging from KG to university with the corresponding population of students and
teachers by level of education and their sexes in the year 2021.
Table4.8: Educational institutions, students and teachers of Borana Zone, 2013 E.C
School Level (Grade) No. of schools Number of Students Number of Teachers
Male Female Total Male
KG 33 2,530 2,307
Grade 1-8 437 58,590 51,999
Grade 9-12 32 8,717 7,230
TVET 3 98 15
University 1 1,239 203
Total 506 71,174 61,754
Source: Borana Zone Education Office, October 2021
5.3.8 Health Services and Institutions

The existing health institutions in the project area by their type and level as well as by
ownership of the institutions (government-owned and private-owned) are shown below.
5.3.8.1 Health Institutions distributions

Data of health institutions of the project zone was collected from Borana Zone health
Office. The data indicates that there are 01 government hospitals, 02 Health Centers
and 16 health posts, 04 private clinics and 03 private pharmacies in the Phase-1 project
of the program (Table4.9) including Yabello Town, the zone center.
Table4.9: Health institution of the phase-1 project area of the program
Ser. Health InstitutionsOf Borana Health institutions by
No Zone ownership
Private Govt. NGO Total
1. Hospitals -- 01 - 05
-
2. Health Centers -- 2 - 02
-
3. Health Posts -- 16 - 16
-
4. Clinics 04 -- - 04
-
5. Laboratory centers -- -- - --
-
58
6. Rural Drug Shops - - - -

-
7. Pharmacies 03 -- - 03
-
Source: Borana Zone Health Office, October 2021.
5.3.8.2 Health Service staffs

Human resources or staffing are very important for health care. The number of health officers to
population ration based on WHO standard is 1:10,000 people for a physician or doctor and
1:5,000 for nurses of all types. The total populations of the phase-1 project area of the program
based on base data year or of last 2020 data is 101,730 peoples. Therefore, the health personnel
ratio for the area shows 1:25,432 and 1:2,677 respectively indicating that all are below the
standard for nurses and for physicians. Based on the WHO standard about 16 and 18 doctors are
needed at minimum. The existing number of health personnel is presented in Table4.10 below.
5.3.9 Gender Equity Issues

The low educational level and training hinder women from employment opportunities in
government and private sectors. These situations confine women to household management
activities, mini and commercial activities to cover cost of household expenses as in most parts
of the country. They are responsible for all domestic works, food preparation, child care, and
collecting fire wood and water for drinking and additionally occupied by farm activities.
Therefore, one can conclude that women have workload burdens. Their educational enrollment
both in high school and college is less than male. Women of the project site showed interest to
participate in the development activities of the project as concluded during the field assessment
due for availability employments opportunities and creation of space for mini business provision
that owned by women. In general, the gender issue currently the government solving the gender
issue in some part but in case economic empowerment there is some limitation still now.
5.3.10 Urban Infrastructure
5.3.10.1 Water Supply Hygiene and Sanitation
The water supply situation of the project area is very dire. The community depends on
unprotected water sources such as ponds (Haroo), traditional wells (Eelaa), water harvested from
roof and underground cistron. The water supply conditions and traditional condition can be seen
in Figure4.5 on next page.Developed water sources such as deep wells and shallow wells in the
project area are very few and have small capacity to serve the beneficiary community. As a
result, the community walk about 15 kilometres to get potable water per day.
Most of the sources were developed by NGOs and by government as emergency measures and
livestock also use from the same source with humans. In most parts of the project area,
traditional hand dug shallow wells as well as collection of water by digging down in river beds.
Shallow wells and riverbeds are not year around sources as they tend to dry out during the dry
season.
This means that the population in the project area are experiencing significant lack of access to
water which is also confounded by the general poor water quality of shallow wells and surface
water sources. Water collection is a major work burden for women and children as they can
spend several hours per day fetching water.
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Regarding sanitation, the Water Resource development and Energy office do not provide
sewerage services, as this is under the responsibility of the town administration. Most of the
district capitals town presently do not have any sewerage system. In the rural areas, households
normally have latrines of varying standards. During the consultations, the majority of the
households in villages/settlement areas were found having pit latrines while there are also
significant number of households use open defecation.
Open defecation in Borana is very detrimental. As most of their water sources are unprotected
and flush flood can easily wash all the wastes and pollute the water sources which eventually
increase exposure to diarrhea and other waterborne diseases.
5.3.10.2 Road networks

The project area has different types of roads such as all-weather and dry weather roads. The
allweather roads include Asphalt Road (which is a part of Addis_Moyale and the road from
Yabello to Konso), Gravel Road and the Cobblestones. The following table presents the type
and length of the existing roads.
Road is the main major economic and social infrastructures for any community. It is the means
of socio economic and human welfare. In case of Moyale town, the town is not well accessed
with standardized road both in quality and quantity wise. Only few 5-6km Asphalt road, few km
Cobble stone road and gravel road were built in the town. Because of this, every years in the
town many traffic accident have occurred and cause for loss on life and properties.
5.3.10.3 Electricity and Telephone

Moyale Town got 24hours Electrical power service in 1971 E.C. from Koka Power station. At
present time electrification coverage of the town is about 76% for dwellers while 42% for street
light coverage. Both services are very small with regard of the town and investment
opportunities that the town possessed at the present time.
5.3.11 Historical, Cultural, Religious and Archeological Resources
There is no reported historical or archeological resource in the project area. During the field visit
the Consultant do not encountered site of historical, cultural and archeological importance
located near to the project area that can be affected due to promotion of this plant. Enquiries to
residents in the area have indicated that there are no known sites of historical or archeological
significance in the vicinity of the proposed project site.
5.3.12 Public Consultation and Social Acceptability of the Project
Public consultation is one part of the Environmental Impact Assessment preparation process and
was conducted with communities and other stakeholders. The consultations were focused on
providing information and receiving the concerns and opinions of the participants regarding the
overall project objectives, EIA procedures were made to the consultation participants and
discussions were conducted to identify the opinion of the participants about the project going to
be implemented. Interviews were also conducted with sector bureaus and agencies involved in
the implementation of the.
In case of this project, the land is long term possessed by family and the area is demarcated as
business site and different commercial activities have been dominated around this site
community consultation indicates the construction of new building on this site have no any
negative impact and acceptable. Road side informal interviews were made for identifying issues
60
(scoping) and during impact study. The respondents justified that the implementation of this
project will bring market and job opportunity for the local residents, and they showed positive
attitude towards the implementation of the project.
6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IDENTIFICATION, PREDICTION AND

ANALYSIS
6.1 OVERVIEW
Safe and healthy environment has a direct relationship with sustainable development. Any
development project should be designed in harmony with the environment so that it should
generate minimal negative impacts on environmental resources including human health and
safety. As any development initiative, the proposed project has negative impacts to pose on the
environment and local residents, though there are positive impacts to be induced through
improving health conditions of local community and creation of employment opportunities to
local poor communities.
Development projects or economic developments has potential impacts associated with the
environmental impacts that need mitigations and enhancement measures mitigating the negative
impacts viz, avoidance, reduction, or restoration and enhancing positive effects of the project -
viz, improvements. The major positive impacts of the proposed project are mainly those of
economic benefits at the national, regional and local level by creation of employment as well as
technology transfer to local people, while adverse impacts are mainly related to wastes
generating from the construction materials, buildings and wastes generated from utilization of
building and production processes.
Impacts can be classified in the presentation as direct, indirect and cumulative impacts. These
can be further subdivided for convenience and clarity to positive and negative impacts, random
and predictable impacts, local and widespread impacts, temporary and permanent impacts, long
term and short-term impacts. The report should cover the impacts and describe each of them as
below.
6.2 DISCUSSION OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL

IMPACTS
In order to assess the significance of the proposed projects impacts, the impacts were first
identified from their source, which are the project‟s activities/equipment/processes/materials
and then the impact receptor, which are the baseline environmental and social conditions. The
impacts were then classified as either positive or negative and the project phase in which they
will occur and then they will be discussed individually in the later subsections of this chapter.
The following impacts are discussed with the assumption that the activities during operational
and post-construction phases are potent to result in the course of time. Thus, the points
hereunder are thoroughly discussed considering the pre-construction phase has almost no
significant adverse effects with the assumption that the demolishing of the existed store will be
accompanied with the necessary care not to damage or pose adverse impacts on both the lives as
well as properties of the delineated neighboring houses.
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6.3 POSITIVE IMPACTS

The development of this project will have a number of significant positive impacts locally,
Regional, national as well as international level and described as below in each phase of a
project.
6.3.1 During Design Phase
At design phase of the project will create employment and business opportunities for various
Professionals/consultants who will be involved in the planning stages of the project. They will
include: project managers, engineers, architects, building economists, land surveyors,
environmentalists, economists, urban planners among others. These professionals may be
employed directly in the project or be consultants whose services will be procured.
6.3.1.1 Socio-Economic benefits

6.3.1.1.1 Employment Opportunity
Impacts Origin and Characteristics
The design phase of the project will create employment and business opportunities for various
professionals/consultants who will be involved in the planning stages of the project. They will
include project managers, engineers, architects, building economists, land surveyors,
environmentalists, economists, and urban planners among others. These professionals are
supposed to be employed directly in the project or be consultants whose services will be
procured.
Benefit Enhancement Measures
Consideration shall be given to keep the above beneficial opportunity the project provides to
women and actions will be taken to avoid workplace problems related to women. The actions to
be taken include:
 Strict rule on work area sexual harassments,
 Job security,
 Appropriate payment (equal payment standard with men engaged on equivalent
workload).
6.3.1.1.2 Local Income Generation and Livelihood Improvement

Impact Origin and characteristics
The employment opportunity to be created by the project will have social benefit beside the
expected economic benefit. The employment income from the project will have a substantial
role for social livelihood improvement in the project area. This local income generation related
social benefit will have long term as well as cumulative benefits. As a result of creation of jobs,
the project will have a meaningful impact on poverty reduction as the project area is inhabited
by largely unemployed citizens, the employment priorities would focus on households subsisting
below the poverty line.
Benefit Enhance measures.

Consideration shall be given to keep the above beneficial opportunity the project provides to
women and actions will be taken to avoid workplace problems related to women. The actions to
be taken include:
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 Strict rule on work area sexual harassments,

 Job security,
 Appropriate payment (equal payment standard with men engaged on equivalent
workload).
6.3.1.1.3 Generation of Government Revenue

Income generated from the consultancies and services undertaken will provide income which
will be taxed and generate revenue for the state. In addition, fees levied for the submission of
plans to the local authorities and state agencies for approval and application for services will
generate revenue that is used to meet the various governmental goals and objectives. These
include Mekuria Enviro Friendly Consultancy Firm, EPA, and Bole Sub-city amongst others.
Additionally in order to operationalize the proposed project financial resources will have to be
mobilized and these will be injected into the economy. These resources may include
Engineering and Architectural cost, project business planning cost and Environmental and
Social Impact Passement study costs incurred will amount to the total project costs of 250
million Eth. Birr in one to two years of construction in local, regional or national
economy.period and it will be used for the services involved in the design and planning of the
project and also acquiring the raw materials of the project.
6.3.1.1.4 Environmental Opportunities
The design phase of the project will also present opportunities for green/sustainable designing of
the project, which support the minimization of environmental impacts whilst fortifying the
project to achieve its intended objectives. It‟s at this stage that the opportunities, which will
enable the project, achieve a sustainable development are discovered, explored and integrated
into the project. From the design, the consultant team observed that the proposed individual
rooms window will be covered by tempered glasses characterized by reflecting light which
could convey high frequency such as Gama rays. These makes minor effect on the environment.
6.3.2 During Construction Phase
6.3.2.1 Creation of Employment
The activities involved in the erection, maintenance and management of the proposed houses
will generate employment i.e. employees involved in the production, sale and transportation of
the buildings materials, construction of the building, maintenance of the building and
management (caretaker, domestic staff etc.). Security services, cleaning and waste collection are
also some of the services that will benefit indirectly. Other employment opportunities that will
be created will include for workers involved in the civil and interior works of construction such
as engineers, masons, foremen, bricklayers, machine operators, interior designers, electricians,
masons etc. According to the clients‟ key personnel, at least 300 people will be employed in
both temporal and permanent basis.
6.3.2.2 Market for Goods and Services

To facilitate the construction activities goods and services including raw materials, plumbing
services, electrical fittings, transport landscaping and finishing. It therefore offers a market for
these goods and services promoting the primary and secondary sectors involved in their
procurement such as: quarrying and brick production; furniture and carpentry; glass production;
plant and gardening; tarmac, asphalt and bitumen; chemicals; building contractors; electric
fittings; plumbing fittings and water infrastructure etc.
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6.3.2.3 Increased Population

The influx of labour into the area and subsequent people/workers to service them or provide
them with goods such as food will be another positive impact of the proposed project. This is
taken as positive since the population increase if sustainable will create additional market for
goods and services offered in the area, increase the amount of mobilized capital and also
increase the social capital in the area.
6.3.2.4 Increased Economic Activities and Revenue

The construction phase of the project will also increase the economic activities in the region, and
revenue for the central government through taxes, through businesses that will be formed to
service the increased population. These services include health, food and nutrition, transport and
recreation that the workers taking part in the construction will require from time to time.
6.3.3 During Operational Phases
6.3.3.1 Increased Commercial Viability
The establishment of the project in the area will increase the economic viability of the area and
will consequently increase the land values in the surrounding area due to the potential high
returns after development. This will attract more high-income investors into the region as well as
more middle income groups as settlers.
6.3.3.2 Creation of Employment Opportunities

The proposed project will create employment in three tiers, with the first being the staff that will
be primarily involved in its implementation, supervision and maintenance. the second tier will
be staff for the businesses that will be formed in the commercial and retail area and those
involved in these businesses supply and value chains. The third type of employment creation
will be for the people who will take the opportunities presented to service the increased
population and the population’s amenities.
Through these three tiers the project will create employment for high-level staff, middle level
staff and low-level staff in line with all development policies in the country. Also through the
third type and low level staff, the project will in advertently create jobs for locals since this has
always been the case with projects of similar nature due to the fact that the locals are readily
available and have the shortest access time to the site. It is also important to note that all these
employees will be taxed and generate revenue for the taxman thereby contributing to more state
implemented development projects.
6.3.3.3 Increased Access to Goods, Services and Social Amenities

The economic value of the project will increase access to quality goods and services that
encompass those that will be provided by other attracted businesses. Also the green component
created by the project will increase both the social benefits. This is psychologically linked to
human wellbeing and productivity. This will stimulate other economic activities linked to these
services and goods on top of improving the quality of life that is linked this access of goods and
services.
6.3.3.4 Increased Economic Activities and Government Revenue

The project will also increase the economic activities that will be carried in the area through
those that will be primarily as a result of: the project’s internal and ancillary activities; its supply
chain; its value chain, and those that will be formed as a result of the project to support its
occupants. The latter includes businesses that may form around the project site such as shops,
kiosks and transport. All these businesses activities will be taxed and generate revenue for the
central government in addition to providing a market for their supply and value chains.
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6.3.3.5 Stimulation to Urban Development

Cumulatively with other developments, the project will lead to turning the area from a lower tier
urban area to at least a middle tier urban area. This has benefits of increasing the quality of life
and revenue generation from increased activities. It is predicted that the project will increase the
viability of the area to develop more residential areas and commercial establishments. Since, it
will increase the market and labor available, and the socioeconomic status of the sub city and
Addis Ababa city in general.
Cumulatively with other developments in the area (Moyale) the project will lead to turning
the area from a lower tier urban area to at least a middle tier urban area. This has benefits of
increasing the quality of life and revenue generation from increased activities. It is predicted
that the project will increase the viability of the area to develop more residential areas and
commercial establishments.
6.3.3.6 The aesthetic appeal of the town

Construction of the Modern Hotel construction in the area provides and increases the positively
the aesthetic beauty of the Moyale town and will enhance the welfare and quality of life of the
resident community.
6.3.3.7 Population Increase

From the influx of labour and economic opportunities resultant of the project, the population of
the region will be increased. This will be positive if the increase is sustainable on the basis of the
opportunities and services available leading to the population being an increase in human and
social capital as well as market for the various goods and services sold in the area.
6.3.3.8 Impetus to Improve Amenities and Services

An increase in population to the area will provide an impetus for the county council to improve
the much needed amenities and infrastructure to the area. It will provide a stronger lobbing
group. The influx will also provide an impetus to develop shared facilities i.e. schools, hospitals,
shops. This will have the indirect effect of creating job opportunities in the area. Companies also
in the business of providing services such as telecommunication will also be encouraged to
extend their networks to the region since it will be a ready and capable market for their services.
6.3.4 Operational phase of Positive Impact of a project

6.3.4.1 Increased Commercial Viability
The establishment of the project in the area, the goods and services it will offer will
increase the commercial viability of the area and will consequently increase the land values in
the surrounding area due to the potential high returns after development. This will attract more
high income investors into the region as well as more middle income groups as settlers.
6.3.4.2 Creation of Employment Opportunities

The proposed project will create employment in three tiers, with the first being the staff
that will be primarily involved in its implementation, supervision and maintenance. The second
tier will be staff for the businesses that will formed in the commercial and retail area and
those involved in these businesses supply and value chains. The third tier of employment
creation will be for the people who will take the opportunities presented to service the
increased population and the population’s amenities.
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Through these three tiers the project will create employment for high level staff, middle level
staff and low level staff in line with all development policies in the region and county. Also
through the third tier and low level staff, the project will in advertently create jobs for locals
since this has always been the case with projects of similar nature due to the fact that the locals
are readily available and have the shortest access time to the site.
It is also important to note that all these employees will be taxed and generate revenue for the
taxman thereby contributing to more state implemented development projects.
6.3.4.3 Increased Accommodation/Housing
The project will also increase the amount and quality of housing available in the country through
the residential area with 724 units. Housing is challenge in the county mainly due to the high
population growth rate therefore the project will contribute to solving this problem and in line
with development policies such as Vision the regional house development program in general
and Moyale town in particular.
6.3.4.4 Increased Access to Goods, Services and Social Amenities
The commercial area of the project will increase access to quality goods and services that
encompass those that will be provided by the shops, supermarket and businesses. Also the
recreational facilities created by the project will increase both the social facilities and health of
the region, which is psychologically linked to human wellbeing and productivity. This will
stimulate other economic activities linked to these services and goods on top of improving the
quality of life that is linked this access of goods and services.
6.3.4.5 Increased Economic Activities and Government Revenue
The project will also increase the economic activities that will be carried in the area through
those that will be primarily as a result of: the project’s internal and ancillary activities; its
supply chain; its value chain, and those that will be formed as a result of the project to
support its occupants. The latte r includes businesses that may form around the project site
such as shops, kiosks and transport.
All these businesses activities will be taxed and generate revenue for the central
government in addition to providing a market for their supply and value chains.
6.3.5 Decommissioning Phases
6.3.5.1 Creation of Employment and Business Opportunities
The decommissioning phase and its activities will create business for the contracting company
that will be charged with pulling down the structure and transporting the resultant
materials/debris. Additionally on shut down moving companies will also benefit from being
contracted to move equipment and materials from the different businesses and residential units
in the project. All these income streams will be taxed and generate income for the central
government. Additionally the decommissioning activities will create employment and job
opportunities for the different professionals involved in them. These include: engineers,
demolition experts, landscaper and garners, foremen, supervisors, masons, truck drivers and
crane operators amongst others.
6.3.5.2 Provision of Cheaper Building Materials

The decommission phase of the project will create recyclable building materials such as bricks,
stones, metals, glass, wiring, furniture, electronics and water pumps, plumbing etc. which at
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present market trends will be cheaper than new materials. This will thus provide cheaper
building material for future projects strategically increasing the productivity of the purposes the
establishments in which they are used.
It is also possible that the materials may be donated and used for development projects (schools,
hospitals etc.) in much needed areas. This will assist in promoting development where it‟s
mostly needed and generally improve the quality of life in those areas and cumulatively in the
country.
6.3.5.3 Income Generation

Decommissioning the project will create recyclable materials and equipment such as: stones,
bricks, metals, furniture, switchboards, pumps etc. may be sold for income albeit cheaper than
new ones they will generate taxable income for the proponent.
6.3.5.4 Environmental Conservation and Restoration

The recycling of the waste to be used as raw materials in other construction process reduces the
demand for raw materials. This in turn reduces the potential impact to the environment that
would have been felt if the demand of the raw materials hadn‟t reduced. For instance, leaving
the land derelict and destroying the habitat as a result of mining activities.
6.4 POTENTIAL ADVERSE IMPACTS ASSESSMENT AND PROPOSED MITIGATION
MEASURES
The proposed project comprises different components to be executed at different phases of the
project lifetime. To make smooth the identification of their likely environmental impacts based
on the types of activities, analyzing them in separation helps more. And hence, the consultant
believes that the convenient way to do so is to see separately each activity into the following
phases: pre-construction, construction, and operation. The proposed project is characterized with
insignificant impacts at pre-construction period but significant environmental impacts during
construction and operation phases. This section of the report presents adverse impacts and
proposed mitigation measures are as below.
6.4.1 Pre-construction Phase Impacts
At present, there is no preconstruction phases that can cause potential negative impacts like loss
of income and assets of residents who uses the area as common place as a means of their
economic dependence because the proposed project land is owned by family residential use for
long time. Therefore, with regards to ownership, the community does not have any claim on the
land. Since the land is not used for other economic activities, the owner of the land and surround
community do not be affected due to the loss of this land since the owner of the land has possess
another residential place in the town. However, the owner of the land is using this land for more
income generating through construction of this Hotel Building. And hence an impact associated
with the pre - construction phase of the project may not cause any impacts on the nearby
residents no displacement and resettlement actions, etc. except impact due preparing land from
present use to future plan usages.
6.4.2 Construction phase Negative Impact
During construction of the intended project, there are direct and indirect negative impacts
supposed to influence the environment. It has influence on the flora and fauna, soil, hydrology,
air, on the neighboring residence.
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6.4.2.1 Loss of Flora and Fauna Habitats

Vegetation has a great effect on the general and localized environment and normally can modify
microclimate. Usually, the flora creates a good environment for habitats thus the two may go
together more often than not. In consequence, de-vegetation during construction may result to
negative effects on the fauna by creating a disturbance.
The vegetation is important in as food and habitat for various animals. It also assists in
maintaining the structure of the soil by holding the particles together. This enables the soil
microorganisms to flourish as their habitat; the soil is stable. This in turn allows the organisms
easily convert the dead leaves and plans to humus, which helps enrich the soil as well as
preventing soil erosion. Converting the land area into a mostly built environment will minimize
the natural process of the existing vegetation.
In the field assessment and design the consultant observed that the proponent formerly uses the
plot of the construction site as hotel. There is no additional clearance of residence for the project
purpose. In general the project does not have any significant negative impacts on the flora and
fauna of the project. But it gone has a little impact by denying the host for the flora and fauna in
the soil profile due to excavation and removal of the upper soil profile.
6.4.2.2 Changes in Surface and Sub-Surface Hydrology

Together with the loss of flora, changing the characteristics of the project site from its present
state to a more built state (65-75% built) and changing the soil‟s characteristics, the proposed
project will lead to a change in the water regime at the project site. This is because the built
areas will increase run-off while reducing percolation of water into the ground and thereby also
changing the sub-surface hydrology.
The wastes from the construction activities also pose a threat to the quality of water that will be
drained from the site through run-off and this may pollute aquifers and river in the downstream.
6.4.2.3 Changes in Soil Characteristics

Several changes in the characteristics of the soil may result due to the excavation and
compaction of soil for the foundation. The excavation may lead to losses in the accumulated soil
carbon and this is known source of GHG‟s i.e. Carbondioxide (Co2). Additively this excavation
can also alter the soil‟s structural stability and reducing its structural integrity. Compacting the
soil to lay the foundation, erecting temporary structures, and also from the heavy vehicles
(trucks, tractors etc.) can reduce the soil‟s percolative ability and thereby increasing run-off
either on the specific routes or large area. Together with the laying of foundation and erecting of
ancillary structures, this will further lead to changes in surface and sub-surface hydrology by
changing the flow and recharge rates at the project site.
6.4.2.4 Emission of Air Pollutants

The works involved in this phase of this project will also emit various air pollutants which can
have both negative effects on both human and environmental health. One of these is dusts from
the soil excavation, decommissioning of existing structures, carving of bricks and movement of
trucks on loose topsoil after the land has been cleared. Excavations and the use of cement and
sand among other like- materials are bound to increase the dust and particle levels in the air
around the development area. Such effects should be avoided through the use of dust screens.
Workers at the site should also be provided with protective clothing to avoid negative health
effects.
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Also engines burning fossil fuels (vehicular and generators) will emit oxides of carbon, sulphur
and nitrogen, and these also pose risks to human and environmental health on top some of them
being GHG‟s such as (Carbondioxide,Co2).
Welding operations will also emit gases and fumes such as Ozone(O 3), Chromium particularly in
its hexavalent state (Cr6+), Nickel (potential carcinogens), cadmium and Lead 10(Pb-10), whilst
others include: NOX, No2, O2, Co2, O3 from mild and stainless-steel welding (Matczak w. &
Gromiec j., 2000). The health effects of exposure to these fumes can include irritation of the
upper respiratory tract (nose and throat), tightness in the chest, wheezing, metal fume fever, lung
damage, bronchitis, pneumonia, or emphysema. While particulate welding fume is usually fairly
easy to see, gaseous fumes are invisible.
6.4.2.5 Generation of Noise

The construction activities and processes will also generate noise above the ambient levels of the
area. one of the sources of this noise would be from the trucks‟ and tractor‟s engines moving in
the area either undertaking the civil works or ferrying materials, wastes and equipment to and
fro the project site and these will form the mobile sources of noise during this phase. Some point
sources of noise will include civil works which will be o operation specific or localized at the
site due to the scope of the activities. This category of noise will include activities such as
excavation, hammering, sawing, grinding, moving of material to and fro storage and also the use
of generators.
One of the risks of the noise would be to the surrounding areas where they may create a
nuisance or disturbance. Whereas at the site the loud noises pose a risk to the workers and site
personnel since loud noises increase the risk of ear damage and deafness.
There will be an increase in the levels of noise in the construction site owing to the nature of
machinery in use and the activities such as drilling and excavation. The normal levels of 55
decibels recommended by world health organization, (which) will be surpassed in the duration
of the construction process. However, this is a minor negative impact since the site area is
largely an agricultural area with sparse residential settlement.
Table 4: Noise levels of some construction equipment

Equipment Noise levels
Back hoe 85-95 db
Chain saw 110 d b
Front end loader 90-95 db
Jack hammer 112 db
Lawnmower 90 db
Tractor 95-105 db
6.4.2.6 Increased Pressure on Utilities

The processes and activities involved in the construction of the project would place added
pressure on infrastructure services and utilities such as roads, water, drainage and energy. This
may contribute to service disruptions since the utility and service requirements of this stage are
intensive. This impact is made more probable due to the challenges faced in the county to
provide these services and compounded by the growth of the population.
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6.4.2.7 Increased Heavy Traffic

In this phase, the main roads leading to the site area will serve the additional vehicles used for
the transportation of materials, equipment and staff to the site. The road is currently being
upgraded highway and this will steer other developments in the area. Thus together with other
developments the project will contribute to increasing the amount of heavy traffic plying the
roads around it. Heavy trucks do not have the risk of causing accidents due to their limited
maneuverability but also place added pressure on the roads and can lead to failure (cracks and
potholes). This is failure is however a combination of factors:- the total of trips of heavy trucks;
the strength of the roads in context of carrying the heavy loads, and the resilience of the roads
towards weathering.
The road in the project sites is partly gravel road and some way Asphalt. Therefore, they will be
most at risk of imposing some environmental problems such as air emission while the trucks
carry construction material into the site and drive back by carrying soil and other excavated
materials.
6.4.2.8 Population Influx

During the construction phase there will be an influx of people mainly working in the
development. There will also be an increase of population due to the opportunities presented in
providing goods and services to primary population increment for the construction activities and
employees. This secondary increase will mainly entail retailers of foodstuffs and other
commodities. The population will increase since the opportunities will be open to both local and
people from other areas and thereby increasing the population.
This increase in population will create pressure on utilities as well as present social risks through
the interaction of people. Also it may present a security risk since people with ill intentions may
see an opportunity in the belongings of those attracted by the project for economic reasons.
6.4.2.9 Generation of Construction Waste

The construction phase will also lead to generation of construction wastes from the civil works
and operations on the materials involved in the processes. these wastes include: plastics, metal
shavings, wood shavings, food wastes, plants, gases (Carbon, Nitrous and Sulphurous Oxides),
fumes (from glues and other Hydrocarbons), stone shavings, ceramics, bricks, glass, cardboard,
soil, cement, asphalt, sand, concrete, paper, paints, sealants, adhesives, fasteners, construction
effluent (grey water).
This phase will also lead to generation of waste heat through its run-off (water used for cooling)
and the electric and diesel machines used in the construction activities. The waste heat can
contribute cumulatively with other projects/activities in the area to change the microclimate,
while waste heat in run-off can lead thermal pollution if it eventually drains into river.
This type of waste poses risks to both human and environmental health and thus the proposed
project would require an adequate waste management strategy, occupational health and safety
strategy, and hazardous material safety plan. Some environmental impacts would include soil
contamination, water and air pollution, whereas health risks include: breathing complications
and respiratory diseases, cancer, skin disorders, poisoning etc.
6.4.2.10 Occupational Health and Safety (OSH) Risks

Several OSH risks will occur from the activities, processes, materials and equipment involved in
the construction phase of the project,
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Table 5: OSH risks involved in the construction.

OSH risk Sources
Injuries or  Moving parts of equipment e.g. saws, tractors, grinders etc.
injurious . moving heavy materials,
substances,  open foundation pits
materials  raised building materials and equipment e.g. bricks, saws, hammers, Steel
and equipment pipes & fittings etc. sharp edges of nails, knives, saws, glass
 Open flames, heat generating or using processes.
 working at heights,
 emission of radiation i.e. EMFs from electrical equipment and bright
lights from welding operations
 corrosive chemicals
Fire flammable liquids & gases, chemicals, electricity, welding, open flames,
heated materials and heat producing processes such as grinding, burning
fuels etc.
Intoxication Toxic substances, corrosive chemicals, adhesives, waste gases, smoke,
dusts and emitted particulate matter.
Source:- Washington state department of labor and industries, 2012
6.4.3 Operational Phase

6.4.3.1 Increased Pressure on Available Utilities
The expected increase in population and the needs of this population would place more pressure
on infrastructure, utilities and social amenities in the area during the operational phase of the
project. This may mainly be at the early stages of the project since they may not be capable to
handle the extra demand created especially during rush hours. These services also encompass
security as the project may attract people with different motives to the area.
Additionally, the roads in the area will experience more traffic due this increased in population
and this can cause more or increase the duration of traffic jams as well as increase the
probability of traffic hazards.
6.4.3.2 Micro-Climate Modification

Though the project area is quite small to cause any considerable microclimate change it bears
the potential of adding to cumulative effects of other infrastructural development that together
emit GHGs. Change in land surface from natural vegetation to manmade built landscape will
have an effect on the area microclimate by reducing the amount of evapotranspiration from the
vegetation in the area which are also a GHG sink.
The microclimate will also be modified by the project activities that produce waste heat (emitted
heat) and this will result in the area producing more heat than originally emitted without the
project. Waste heat will be produced from vehicles, electronics, generators, water pump, air
conditioning etc.
6.4.3.3 Increased Land Values and Land Use Changes

It is predicted that as a result of the project and other projects being carried out in the area the
values of land in the area may increase at rates significantly more than normal. This is because
the increase in population will increase demand for land and since its supply can‟t be increased,
the value of land will increase. Also these projects will cumulativ cumulatively turn the area into
a more commercial and middle income region therefore pushing the value per acre in the region
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since more and more commercial establishments and higher value residential areas will be
created out of opportunity.
This increase of land values and attraction of businesses to the area will cause land use changes
in the region both in terms of uses of land (residential to commercial) and changing its character
(vegetated areas to built-up areas). This will have impacts of loss of vegetation and emissions of
GHG‟s on top of increasing the cost of living in the region, which may socially push the
residents of the region further away if their econometric capacities are not improved in
commensurate. It is important to note that the project in its self can‟t lead to this impact since it
will only involve land use change at the site but its combination with other projects in the area
can possibly cause this impact.
6.4.3.4 Increased Surface Run-Off

The paved surfaces and the project structures created from the construction phase of the project
can lead to increased run-off by preventing the natural percolation of water through the soil.
This will also aggregate to the changes in the surface and subsurface hydrology as a result of the
project.
Additionally, the increased run-off may lead to soil erosion in the areas where the water drains
off to or drainage blockages by overloading the present drainage systems in the area. The
increased run-off from the project and other construction projects may also cumulatively cause
urban flooding and inundation of low-lying areas during the rainy season.
6.4.3.5 Socio-cultural Impacts

The proposed project will attract a mixed-use development and used as Five Star International
Hotel building that will attract different Addis Ababa city residence and foreigners to the site.
Social cohesion and blending with the existing communities may pose a conflict of interests in
the short term since the influx population will come with their differing cultural and social
practices. The locals may also be forced to move from the area if the land values increase and
they end being bought out to pave way for more commercial developments that are predicted to
occur in the region. Thus they would face a loss of social control and ownership to the region if
this happens and economic segregation may occur on the basis of richer middle and upper class
moving into the area and displacing the local lower class.
However, this may be treated as a minor impact since most communities in Addis Ababa are
welcoming and easy to interact with. Also since Addis Ababa is a predominantly urban and
developed area that has a higher level of social permissiveness than most other urban areas in
the country.
6.4.3.6 Increased Air Pollution

Cumulatively with other projects and activities carried out in the area the proposed project will
emit pollutants to the air that present risks to human and ecosystem health. Table 6 below
delineates some of the air pollutants expected from the project and the environmental and social
aspects that they present a risk on.
Table 6: Operational phase air pollutants, their sources and risks
Pollutants Sources Risks
Co2 Fossil fuel engines (vehicles, GHG and micro-climate
generators, water pumps etc.) modification acid run-off
cooking any burning activities suffocation – poisonous in large
e.g. welding quantities
Co Fossil fuel engines (vehicles, acid run-off suffocation –
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generators, water pumps etc.) poisonous gas

cooking any burning activities
e.g. welding.
SO2 Fossil fuel engines (Vehicles, Acidified run-off GHG poisonous
generators, water pumps etc.) gas respiratory diseases and
welding complications
NOx, Nx(g) Fossil fuel engines (Vehicles, some forms are poisonous GHG –
generators, water pumps etc.) NO2 smog respiratory illnesses and
welding complications
Dusts and Fossil fuel engines (vehicles, heavy metals are poisonous when
particulates (pm- generators, water pumps ingested respiratory diseases
10) heavy metals etc.)construction activities pollute rivers and underground
(Lead-Pb) undertaken for O&M water environmental haze
Source: Lisa Benton Short and John Rennie Short, 2008.
6.4.3.7 Increased Traffic

From the increased population; demand for goods and services, and ancillary project operations
more vehicles will be plying the roads in the region around the project. This may lead to
increased traffic jams and hazards in the area especially if the roads in the region are not
upgraded to cater for this demand. This situation will be remedied by the completion of the
upgrading of the existing road into a super highway since it will be able to carry part of the
excess traffic since this is the intention of upgrading the road. however as a result of the project
and other projects targeting the area, the area will experience an increase in traffic albeit
intermittent, and this will increase the risk of traffic hazards since the probability of occurrence
of the hazards will be increased by having more cars on the roads.
6.4.3.8 Generation of Waste

Several waste streams will be generated from the operational phase of the project and these have
are delineated in Table 8 below alongside their sources and risks they present if not properly
managed.
Table 8: Waste generations during operation
Waste Sources Risks
Municipal waste kitchen, rooms, garden, parking lot water pollution, nuisances, air
solid waste and repair works, plants, plastics pollution on decomposition, soil
garbage, kitchen & (tubes, binders, wrappings, metals contamination, water borne
office wastes (from clips, pins, lids), paper, cloth diseases, respiratory illnesses
etc.
Municipal waste kitchen, bath rooms, garages etc… water pollution (surface &
liquid waste grey from activities like washings, subsurface),air pollution, soil
water, sewerage cooking oils, adhesives, fuel, contamination, water borne
chemicals, toilets, soaps and diseases
detergents
Waste heat electronics, vehicles, air thermal pollution of rivers from
conditioning, power generators, run- off microclimate
water pumps, cooking and heating modification
activities (in house), cooling water
for machines
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6.4.3.9 Occupational Health and Safety (OSH) Risks

Several OHS risks will also be created by either the activities, equipment and materials of the
operational phase of the project, and these have been listed in table 9 below alongside their
sources.
Table 9: Operational phase OHS risks.
OHS risk Sources
o Slippery floors from washing with soaps and detergents, oil
Injuries or injurious
substances and spills (both fuel and kitchen oil).
equipment o Parking barriers – can hit people passing below them.
o Corrosive chemicals o working at heights,
o moving parts
o vehicles and trucks
o corrosive chemicals
Fire fuel, electricity, and electrical equipment that cause heat such as
kettles, cookers both electric and or gas, and other electronics and
machinery in the project
Intoxication chemicals, soaps & detergents, adhesives, inks, fuels
Thus, a plan to manage the OHS risks during this stage will also enable the proposed project will
also be important and necessary. This plan may simply be an extension of the one developed for
the construction phase and can be further extended to the decommissioning phase.

The activities of this phase of the project will also generate noise and these will be from various
point sources such as if diesel generators without silencers are used and also any repair works
that may be carried as necessitated by the project‟s operations. Mobile sources of noise will
mainly include cars and the trucks that will be ferrying goods to the project. Although the noise
levels emitted during this stage will be less than during the construction the impact will have
more receptors since there will be more people in the area as a direct result of the project being
operational.
6.4.4 Decommissioning phase
There will be a considerable increase in noise owing to the demolition process. This will be a
short term impact and will be felt throughout the demolition process. The main sources of noise
will include: cars and trucks; the civil works of pulling down the project’s built structures
(especially of explosives are used), and mechanized equipment that will be used in the processes
involved in this project phase.
6.4.4.2 Generation of demolition waste

The decommissioning phase of the project will create demolition wastes which share similar
characteristic with construction wastes and therefore similar risks. The only two main
differences are that:
1) demolition waste can easily be accounted for before the empty building shell is pulled down,
and
2) if explosives are used, they will form part of the waste.
Waste in form of debris and pieces of metal and wood will arise. Thus creating a need of
disposing off of the waste and all the disadvantages associated with waste mismanagement will
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arise such as spread of diseases. it is hoped that this phase will be implemented only under
unavoidable circumstances for instance aging of the building and/or pertinent rights arising.

For the processes of these phase materials from the buildings and equipment will have to be
ferried to and fro the site through the use of trucks and tractors/bulldozers and these will
increase the amount of heavy traffic in the area. although it is expected that at the time when the
project will be decommissioned there will be substantial developments in infrastructure
(transport), the trucks with limited maneuverability will pose a risk to the general public and
other vehicles/drivers on top of placing extra pressure on the roads.
6.4.4.4 OHS risks

The decommissioning phase will have several OHS risks from the civil works involved,
equipment, materials and processes. This may be added to if explosives are used and although
their use is not known for now, an assessment has been made assuming or incorporating their
use since they present a cost-effective way of demolition, which is safe when controlled. Table
10 that follows outlines the major OHS risks from this phase and their sources.
Table 10: Decommissioning phase OHS risks

OHS risk Source
injuries or injurious explosives (if used) ;falling debris ; moving parts of equipment
substances and equipment such as mechanized saws and other cutting equipment
Fire heat from gas cutters, friction from abrasive processes, fuel,
electricity andelectrical equipment
Intoxication particulates, dusts from debris; fumes and gases emitted from
friction & cutting processes, engines burning fossil fuels
6.4.4.5 Emission of Air Pollutants

The processes, material and equipment involved in this stage of the project and their wastes will
also emit air pollutants either: as gases such as oxides of Carbon, Nitrogen and Sulphur from the
burning of fossil fuels in engines, or particulate matter from cuttings and breakages of steel,
glass, shavings, bricks and movement of soil. these pollutants will pose risks to both human and
environmental health such as air pollution, water pollution, soil contamination, respiratory
diseases, skin disorders and irritations.
source of raw materials the building build with it and routen activities carried during life time of
the building. The following Impact can Identified in any building in most cases and summarized
in table 6.1 below.
Table 6.1: Summary of Impacts
Positive Impacts Negative Impacts

Design Phase
6.1.1.1 Creation of Employment and
Business opportunities
6.1.1.2 Generation of Income and Source
for Government Revenue
6.1.1.3 Environmental opportunities
Construction Phase
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6.1.2.1 Creation of Employment 6.2.1.1 Loss of Flora and Faunal Habitats

6.1.2.2 Market for goods and services 6.2.1.2 Changes in Surface and Sub-Surface Hydrology
6.1.2.3 Increased population 6.2.1.3 Changes in soil characteristics
6.1.2.4 Increased Economic Activities and Revenue 6.2.1.4 Emission of Air pollutants
6.2.1.6 Increased Pressure on Utilities
6.2.1.8 Population Influx
6.2.1.9 Generation of Construction Waste
6.2.1.10 OHS Risks
Operational Phase
6.1.3.1 Increased Commercial Viability 6.2.2.1 Increased Pressure on Available Utilities

6.1.3.2 Creation of Employment Opportunities 6.2.2.2 Increased Land Values and Land Use Changes
6.1.3.3 Increased Accommodation/Housing 6.2.2.3 Micro-Climate Modification
6.1.3.4 Increased Access to Goods, Services and 6.2.2.4 Security Threats
Social Amenities 6.2.2.5 Sociocultural Impacts
6.1.3.5 Increased Economic Activities and 6.2.2.6 Increased Air Pollution
Government Revenue 6.2.2.7 Increased Surface run-off
6.1.3.6 Stimulation to Urban Development 6.2.2.8 Increased Traffic
6.1.3.7 Aesthetic Enhancements 6.2.2.9 Generation of waste
6.1.3.8 Improved Roads 6.2.2.10 OSH Risks
6.1.3.9 Population Increase 6.2.2.11 Generation of Noise
6.1.3.10 Impetus to Improve Amenities and Services
Decommissioning Phase
6.1.4.1 Creation of Employment and Business 6.2.3.1 Generation of Noise
Opportunities 6.2.3.2 Generation of Demolition Waste
6.1.4.2 Income Generation 6.2.3.3 Increased Heavy Traffic
6.1.4.3 Provision of Cheaper Building Materials 6.2.3.4 OSH Risks
6.1.4.4 Environmental Conservation and Restoration 6.2.3.5 Emission of Air Pollutants
The conventional practice of clay, brick consumes large quantity of energy in terms of coal and
other fuels which are primarily non-renewable and highly polluting. Water requirements of
building industry are also very high. Steel which is used in the construction process is
manufactured by non-renewable resource. Normally conventional materials used for
construction are non-renewable sources.
Use of alternative technologies for each component of the buildings of envelope, superstructure,
finishes and the road and surrounding areas are discussed in detail. Some of them are given
below:
 Brick and block products with waste and recycled contents such as fly ash (waste from coal
burning plants), blast furnace slag, sewage sludge, waste wood fibre etc.
 Fly ash based lightweight aerated concrete blocks can be used for walls.
 Perforated bricks can be used for wall structures,
 Brick panel with joists, Filler slab roofing, brick funicular shell roofing, RCC channel
units, micro-concrete roofing tiles are some of the alternative techniques for roofing.
Some of the alternate materials for openings in construction are: -
 Use of precast thin lintels, use of ferrocement-sunshade cum lintel etc.
 Use of renewable timber for doors and windows
 Use of steel manufactures from recycled content
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 Aluminum from verified recycled content,

 Saw dust-based doors and window frames
 Ferrocement shutters, PVC doors and windows, Rice husk boards, Natural fiber reinforced
polymer composite door panels
 Bamboo based products, bamboo strips boards.
 Alternatives for finishes include Fly ash, Ceramic tiles, Terrazzo floors
The use of the alternatives for building materials will help reduce the use of non-renewable
resources and impact on natural resources.
Identification of Environmental Aspects
The environmental aspects of Hotel project can be classified into the following major
environmental aspects:
 water as input during production process,
 Wastes from Restaurant and cafeteria food leftovers, vegetable peels, plastic, house
sweepings, clothes, ash, etc.
 Commercial waste generally comprises of paper, cardboard, plastic, wastes like batteries,
bulbs, tube lights etc.
 Electricity power consumption:
 Various types of electrical and electronic wastes generated in the building.
 Lead containing products.
 Paints, pigments, dyes and primers
 Explosives and related products and equipment used in excavations
 Product packaging (cement bags, cartons, containers, plastic covers etc.)
 Plastics, Acrylics, Silica, PVC
 Fluorescent Lamps Intact and Crushed, Halogen Lamps, Arc Lamps, UV Lamps, High
Pressure Sodium Lamps, Neon Lamps, Incandescent Lamps.
 Mercury Containing Lamps and Tubes, Mercury Vapor Lamps, Mercury Containing
Devices Mercury switches, relays, regulators, thermostats, thermometers, manometers and
debris containing mercury
 All types of Batteries
 Electronic Ballasts, PCBs, Transformers, capacitors, switchgear, Lead Cable, Oil filled /
gel filled cables
 Electronic Waste computer products, circuit boards, CRTs, electronic parts, solder dross,
weld waste.
Table 6.2: Operational Phase Environmental Aspects and Significance
No. Environmental Aspect Significance
1 Use of raw materials
1.1 Impact on quality of air Moderately significant impacts
1.2 Impacts on employees’ health safety significant impact
1.3 Impacts on dust emission during Moderately significant impact
2 preparation
Wastes during processing
2.1 Generation of wastewater Moderately significant impact
2.2 Generation of solid wastes significant impact
2.3 Generation of offensive odor significant impact
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2.4 Generation of heat and Vapor stress significant impact

2.5 Generation of Emission Moderately significant Impact
3.0 Generation of employment Highly significant impact
6.4.4.6 Land Environment

Impact nature and characteristics
It is predicted that as a result of the project and other projects being carried out in the area the
values of land in the area may increase at rates significantly more than normal. This is because
the increase in population will increase demand for land and since its supply can’t be increased,
the value of land will increase. Also these projects will cumulatively turn the area into a more
commercial and middle income region therefore pushing the value per acre in the region since
more and more commercial establishments and higher value residential areas will be created out
of opportunity.
This increase of land values and attraction of businesses to the area will cause land use changes
in the region both in terms of uses of land (residential to commercial) and changing its character
(vegetated areas to built-up areas). This will have impacts of loss of vegetation and emissions of
GHGs on top of increasing the cost of living in the region, which may socially push the
residents of the region further away if their econometric capacities are not improved in
commensurate.
It is important to note that the project in its self can’t lead to this impact since it will only
involve land use change at the site but its combination with other projects in the area can
possibly cause this impact.
Mitigation Measure
 Establishment of land lease police for all communities with affordable price
 Seat priority of land provision for local and inhabitant community
 Planting tree in 2% of land of project area
 Selecting environmental social and economic sound able construction material
 Selection of appropriate design and building orientation
6.4.4.7 Water Environment
Impact Nature and Characteristics
6.4.4.8 Air Environment
Impact Origin and characteristic
Operational phase would involve emission from vehicular movement and diesel generators, and
negligible emissions from sewage and solid waste handling and disposal.
The building material carrying vehicles as well as the construction machinery generate
emissions and pollute the environment. Dusts include brick and silica dusts, wood dust from
joinery and other woodworking and from earthmoving and other vehicle movements within the
site. Asbestos containing dust especially during the demolition of buildings is very harmful. It is
a difficult task to separate these wastes. Construction machineries pose a special threat to air
quality. It is estimated that construction machineries emit toxic pollutants and are sources of fine
particulate matter, which lodges deeply in the human lung and oxides of nitrogen (NOx), a key
ingredient in the formation of ground-level ozone and urban smog.
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Table 6.2: Operational Phase Air Pollutants, their Sources and Risks
Pollutant Sources Risks
CO2 Fossil fuel engines (vehicles, generators, water GHG and micro-climate modification
pumps etc.) Acid run-off
Cooking Suffocation Poisonous in large
Any burning activities e.g. welding. quantities
CO Fossil fuel engines (vehicles, generators, water Acid run-off
pumps etc.) Suffocation – Poisonous gas
Cooking
Any burning activities e.g. welding.
SO2 Fossil fuel engines (vehicles, generators, water Acidified run-off GHG Poisonous gas
pumps etc.) Respiratory diseases and complications
Welding
NOx, NX(g) Fossil fuel engines (vehicles, generators, water Some forms are poisonous, GHG NO2 Smog
pumps etc.) Respiratory illnesses and complications
Welding
Dusts and Particulates (PM-10) Fossil fuel engines vehicles, generators, water Heavy metals are poisonous when
Heavy metals (Pb) pumps etc.) ingested
Construction activities undertaken for Respiratory diseases
O&M Pollute rivers and underground water
Environmental Haze
Mitigation Measures
The mains concerns during demolition activities are the emissions generated by the vehicles and
the machineries. Air Pollution may be caused by areas or point sources such as cities, industrial
areas, factories or by linear sources such as highways. Vegetation buffers can minimize the
buildup of pollution levels in urban areas by acting as pollution sinks.
 Plants are good absorbers of sulphur dioxide. Parks with trees have an SO2 level lower
than city streets.
 Paving is a more permanent solution to dust control, suitable for longer duration projects
 On-Road- Inspection should be done for black smoke generating machinery.
 Use of covering sheet to prevent dust dispersion at buildings and infrastructure sites, which
are being constructed.
 Use of covering sheets should be done for trucks to prevent dust dispersion from the
trucks, implemented by district offices.
 Paving is a more permanent solution to dust control, suitable for longer duration projects.
 Reducing the speed of a vehicle to recommended speeds and installing speed indicating
sign to the site can reduce emissions by a large extent. Speed
6.4.4.9 Noise Environment
Impact origin and characteristic
The activities of operation phase of the project will also generate noise and these will be from
various point sources such as if diesel generators without silencers are used and also any repair
works that may be carried as necessitated by the project’s operations. Mobile sources of noise
will mainly include cars and the trucks that will be ferrying goods to the project. Although the
noise levels emitted during this stage will be less than during the construction the impact will
have more receptors since there will be more people in the area as a direct result of the project
being operational.
Mitigation Measures
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The stand-by generators would be placed in a honeycomb structure and each plant set would
have a silencer and lagging (sound proof casing) around the engine to control noise generation.
It is therefore unlikely that the generator would increase the ambient noise levels significantly
above the existing range of 38.4-67.8 dB (A).
Take following operational measures at noise sources:
 Maintain devices and pieces of equipment regularly
 Meet plant standards/rules and follow instructions for the operation of particular devices
and equipment (keeping the doors and other openings on the buildings during plant
operation open, the run/operation of devices and machines in the designed mode of
operation, etc.
6.4.4.10 Biological Environment

The mitigation measures should be suggested that will help in reducing the impact on terrestrial
ecology and aquatic ecology. Massive plantation, landscaping are to be ensured in the new
construction areas. Also trees, plants should be identified for specific areas so that the plants
survive in these conditions
6.4.4.11 Socioeconomic
The impact on the socio-economic status of the people in the area is to be studied and detailed
out. Positive impacts could include job creation, preservation of environment, infrastructure
development and benefits to local population by way of job opportunities. Long term impacts
include aspects of demography, aesthetics, and archeological sites. Negative impacts include
impacts on cultural aspects and wellbeing.
Township and area development projects could create a severe social impact. Some of these
could include increase in noise and interference with existing access to habitation, storm water
drainage and enjoyment of open space. Unhygienic site sanitation facilities cause damage to
environment and to health of the workers.
Mitigation Measures
The objective is to ensure health and safety of the workers during construction, with effective
provisions for the basic facilities of sanitation, drinking water, safety of equipment’s or
machinery etc. Following are some of the recommendations to be followed:
 Comply with the safety procedures, norms and guidelines (as applicable) as outlined in the
document Part 7 Constructional practices and safety, 2005, National Building code of
guide line
 Provide clean drinking water to all workers
 Provide adequate number of decentralized latrines and urinals to the users.
 Guarding all parts of dangerous machinery.
 Precautions for working on machinery.
 Maintaining hoists and lifts, lifting machines, chains, ropes, and other lifting tackles in
good condition.
 Durable and reusable formwork systems to replace timber formwork and ensure that
formwork where used is properly maintained.
80
 Ensuring that walking surfaces or boards at height are of sound construction and are
provided with safety rails or belts.
 Provide measures to prevent fires. Fire extinguishers and buckets of sand to be provided in
the fire-prone area and elsewhere.
 Provide sufficient and suitable light for working during night time.
6.4.4.12 Security Threats
The proposed project will attract a variety of people to the region either as residents, business
people, suppliers, visitors and customers. Their variety of economic and social activities
will also generate income and increase both the economic and social capital in the area. These
may attract thieves to the area since they may target either the businesses or the people
themselves and their belongings. Also the diversity of people in the project during its
operational phase and the creation of a hub by the project may also be a target for terrorists
as has been experienced in the past where malls have been put on high alert towards terror
threats.
Mitigation Measures
 Establishment of fence around the building which is easy to access of entrance for the thief
 Hiring Security guard to the compound
6.4.4.13 Micro-Climate Modification
Impact nature and Characteristic
Though the project area is quite small to cause any considerable microclimate change it
bears the potential of adding to cumulative effects of other infrastructural development that
together emit GHGs. Change in land surface from natural vegetation to manmade built
landscape will have an effect on the area microclimate by reducing the amount of
evapotranspiration from the vegetation in the area which are also a GHG sink.
The microclimate will also be modified by the project activities that produce waste heat
(emitted heat) and this will result in the area producing more heat than originally emitted
without the project. Waste heat will be produced from vehicles, electronics, generators, water
pump, air conditioning etc.
Mitigation Measure
6.4.4.14 Increased Surface run-off
The paved surfaces and the project structures created from the construction phase of the
project can lead to increased run-off by preventing the natural percolation of water through the
soil. This will also aggregate to the changes in the surface and subsurface hydrology as a result
of the project.
Additionally the increased run-off may lead to soil erosion in the areas where the water drains
off to or drainage blockages by overloading the present drainage systems in the area. The
increased run-off from the project and other construction projects may also cumulatively cause
urban flooding and inundation of low lying areas during the rainy season.
Mitigation Measures
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 Appropriate establishment of drainage structures for extra run of generated from the
building to main drainage canal of municipality
 As much as possible construction of water harvesting structure for domestic use
 Construction of semi permeable pavement for portion of runoff water to infiltrate to soil.
6.4.4.15 Solid wastes Generation
Several waste streams will be generated from the operational phase of the project and these have
are delineated in Table 6-3 below alongside their sources and risks they present if not properly
managed.
Table 6.3:Waste Generated and Impact expected
Waste Source Risks
Municipal Waste | Solid Kitchen, restaurants, shops, supermarkets, Water pollution, nuisances, air
Waste Garbage, Kitchen & residential area, offices, repair works, plants, pollution on decomposition, soil
Office Wastes plastics (tubes, binders, , wrappings, metals contamination, water borne diseases,
(from clips, pins, lids), paper, cloth etc. respiratory illnesses
Municipal Waste | Liquid Kitchen, , shops, offices, recreational areas, Water pollution (surface &
Waste Grey water, Sewerage residential area, washings, cooking oils, subsurface), air pollution, soil
adhesives, fuel, chemicals, toilets, contamination, water borne diseases
Waste Heat Electronics, Vehicles, Air Conditioning, Thermal Pollution of Rivers from
Power Generators, Water Pumps, Cooking and run- off
Heating activities (in house), Cooling water Microclimate modification
for machines
Mitigation Methods/Management Options:-

Proper time period (still wind period) should be selected and water should be spilled on the
working area to minimize dust particles emanated during raw material purification, cleaning and
production processes to mitigate the impact on quality of air. Workers should be oriented before
starting any activity in the project, protective equipment should be provided and periodically
clinical health test must be conducted to decrease the health impacts on employees’ health
safety. Economic water usage practice must be experienced and after use the waste water has to
be treated and reused as much as possible. Generation of solid wastes is inevitable at all stages
of the project, solid wastes like dregs particles (pieces grass, fats fragment, and others, soil
particles), chemical droplets and solid droplets of raw materials, etc. will occur that will cause
odor and decrease in aesthetic value in the vicinity. Proper handling, preparing for reuse and
reproduction, fertilizers, etc. can mitigate the impacts.
Cause and Effect Analysis

Checklist was used to analyze the relation between those identified environmental aspects and
the impact they can induce on the environment. Apart from this, the consulting firm assessed
past experiences, case studies and employed experts’ knowledge for the analysis.
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The consultant’s cause and effect analysis indicates that: generation of dust, odor, effluents, etc.,
emission will be highly significant adverse environmental impacts while generation of
employment is expected to be highly significant socio-economic beneficial impacts. Adverse
health hazards on employees, ambient air quality deterioration and generation of wastewater
shall be moderately significant environmental impacts of Hotelproject.
Raw Materials Use Caused Adverse Impacts

The proposed Building plant will use different construction materials during construction phase
that emission of GHGs. The operation phase of the project although used for different uses and
each uses produces different solid, liquid and gases as end product of consumption and
production. It also uses water as an important water for different activities. The use of these
materials will have moderately significant adverse environmental impacts on ambient air and
cause immediate air quality degradation and employees’ health conditions unless properly
handled. Therefore, the expected adverse pollution impacts from raw materials will be ambient
air quality depletion and health effects on employees.
Proposed mitigation measures,
 The uses of modern dust suckers,

 Provide employees with protective devices,
 Plant trees around the factory premises (>2% of land secured) as a wind break and dust
absorber
6.4.4.16 Hazardous Waste Management

Products, such as paints, cleaners, oils, batteries, and pesticides that contain potentially
hazardous ingredients require special care when you dispose of them. Improper disposal of
household hazardous wastes can include pouring them down the drain, on the ground, into storm
sewers, or in some cases putting them out with the trash.
Hazardous wastes from construction and demolition activities are centering oil, formwork oil,
tar and tar products (bitumen, felt, waterproofing compounds, etc.), wood dust from treated
wood, lead containing products, chemical admixtures, sealants, adhesive solvents, Explosives
and related products and equipment used in excavation, acrylics, and silica, etc. The dustbins for
these wastes should be made of durable materials like metal, HDPE, fiber glass and masonry if
the projects spans for more than a year.
List of Hazardous wastes from construction projects
 Asbestos products – insulation, tiles etc.
 Fuels and Heating oils and other volatile / flammable liquids such as coolants, grease etc.
 Centering oil, formwork oil
 Tar and Tar products (bitumen, felt, water proofing compounds etc.)
 Lead containing products
 Chemicals, admixtures, sealants, adhesives solvents etc.
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 Paints, pigments, dyes and primers

 Pesticides
 Tarpaulin
 Explosives and related products and equipment used in excavations
 Product packaging (cement bags, cartons, containers, plastic covers etc.)
 Plastics, Acrylics, Silica, PVC
 Fluorescent Lamps Intact and Crushed, Halogen Lamps, Arc Lamps, UV Lamps, High
Pressure Sodium Lamps, Neon Lamps, Incandescent Lamps.
 Mercury Containing Lamps and Tubes, Mercury Vapor Lamps, Mercury Containing
Devices Mercury switches, relays, regulators, thermostats, thermometers, manometers and
debris containing mercury
 All types of Batteries
 Electronic Ballasts, PCBs, Transformers, capacitors, switchgear, Lead Cable, Oil filled /
gel filled cables
 Electronic Waste– computer products, circuit boards, CRTs, electronic parts, solder dross,
weld waste.
Due to the characteristics, the wastes generated from the healthcare establishments are also
hazardous in nature. Biomedical wastes have to be dealt with as per the Biomedical Wastes.
 Lead based paints and other hazardous materials may be removed from the structure prior
to deconstruction or demolition activities to minimize special handling and disposal
requirements for the construction and demolition waste. These activities must be conducted
by qualified personnel using appropriate health and safety procedures in accordance with
the regulatory requirements.
 Isolated storage for hazardous wastes released from the whole site should be provided on
site.
 Source segregation of similar wastes is highly recommended.
 Installation of fire extinguisher is mandatory near storage of hazardous wastes.
6.4.4.17 E-waste Management
Collection and storage various types of electrical and electronic wastes generated in the
building, which includes PC in case of offices and homes, Xerox machine components from
office and shops, should be collected separately for transportation to the authorized recyclers
approved by the state/Central pollution control boards. There should also be provision for
storage of these wastes in the building before transportation.
6.4.4.18 Increased Pressure on Available Utilities
Impact and Origin characteristics
The expected increase in population and the needs of this population would place more
pressure on infrastructure, utilities and social amenities in the area during the operational
phase of the project. This may mainly be at the early stages of the project since they may not
be capable to handle the extra demand created especially during rush hours. These services
also encompass security as the project may attract people with different motives to the area.
The increased demand has been estimated for each available existing resources such as water
although not all of this will be placed on existing systems, since the project will use
other on-site options, a considerable amount of demand will be place electricity and
telecommunication lines, water. Additionally the roads in the area will experience more traffic
due this increased in population and this can cause the duration of traffic jams as well as
increase the probability of traffic hazards.
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6.4.4.19 ImpactS on Soil

As already pointed out the impacts on soil will result mainly from secondary operations of the
facility. They will result from accidental spills and bad “housekeeping” procedures of mostly
mechanical personnel. The impacts on soils, which are of concern here, are those mainly from
Hydrocarbons though spills of other hazardous substances which are not excluded such as
lubricating oils and fuels used for the machineries.
Most of the time soil is impacted through accidental spills that can happen without warning
during the dispensing of fuels or lubricating oils, or through bad work practices and non-respect
of correct procedures in the Garage or the workshop, or just through bad “Housekeeping” and
general carelessness of personnel. These surface spills, if not immediately attended to, can find
their way into water courses and possibly also on shallow underground water sources.
Mitigation Measures
 In order to avoid such eventualities a Spill Response Plan is required to be available in all
of the operations.
 The impacts of hydrocarbons spills can have very adverse effects on the environment. Soil
contaminated by hydrocarbon spills must be remediated, a relatively expensive procedure
which can be easily avoided through good work practices and a “Spill Response Plan”.
 Furthermore, all wastewaters exiting from mechanical workshops, garages, and similar
areas must have their own independent drainage system. This drainage system must be
enhanced with an Oil/Water separator to ensure that no oily hydrocarbon exits to the
outside of the project compound.
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7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)

7.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW
The project management has to plan how to approach to any challenge caused in or by the project
starting from the first time of operational phase. Environmental management is concerned with
implementation of the measures necessary to minimize or offset adverse impacts and to enhance
beneficial impacts. The mitigation and benefit enhancement measures identified in the EIA should
be fully implemented because they are the prime functions of EIA. This implementation paves the
way for shaping the plant so that overall environmental performance is enhanced with proper
achievements.
In order to be effective, environmental management must be fully integrated with the overall project
management effort at all levels, which itself should be aimed at providing a high level of quality
control, leading to a project which has been properly designed and constructed and functions
efficiently throughout its life. Hence, the overall goal of the Environmental Management Plan
(EMP) of Multipurpose Hotel is to minimize adverse impacts of the project by managing and
implementing the proposed impact alleviation measures and good working practices.
Under this section specific management activities (at construction and operation phases) to
overcome possible impacts of the project are outlined.
7.2 PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Prior to the establishment and construction of Multipurpose mixed use building, the environmental
and social management plans shall take into account. In ABDURAHAMAN MOHAMMED cases,
there is demolition of the preexisting houses and fence and other related activities will be under
taken and attention should be provided for every activates that have potential impacts.
As the developer and a responsible organ for managing and minimizing environmental and social
impacts, ABDURAHAMAN MOHAMMEDTreading will be responsible for handling the above
concerns before the commencement of the project operation. Thus, the project owner will hire a
responsible contractor that will be in charge for proper implementation of the processing project as
per design and specifications and promote inter-institutional relationships for the environmental and
social management measures only during machineries installation.
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As a regulatory body, the Moyale Town Administration Environmental, Forestry and Climatic
Change (ATAEFCC) is responsible to regulate environmental and social issues related to the local
community nearby of the plant and shall take possible regulatory measures.
7.3 CONSTRUCTION PHASE

During construction of the Hotel the plant units, the contractor will be responsible for implementing
the environmental mitigation measures proposed in this EIA study report. The construction
supervisor shall monitor impacts and their proper implementation of mitigation measures. They will
be fully responsible for ensuring that all the works to be carried out in accordance with the
specifications and designs, that the environmental impacts will be taken into the consideration and
that good workmanship be followed. The responsible personnel should be empowered to deal
within fragments at the time and on the spot. It is also proposed that an environmental inspector to
be arranged by the proponent. The major environmental management issues to be undertaken during
the construction phase are presented in the following subsections.
Site Preparation Management
Site preparation management is handled by experts experienced in the field. Take care should be
taken not to change the ecology and physical condition of the surrounding environment.
Waste management
Solid and liquid wastes from the project activities will be managed properly innovatively. The goal
of the project is to maintain an environmentally friendly attitude and operation.
Air pollution and dust management
The construction action is the major source of dust emission and air pollution. However, it can be
managed by:
 The construction action is the major source of dust emission and air pollution. However, it can
be managed by:
 Discarding construction wastes in an appropriate or authorized waste management
facilities/land fill sites.
 Preventing the generation of air pollution during the construction period by water sprinkling
 The management bodies have to set a plan to use new vehicles rather than old vehicles that can
generate greenhouse gases
On site cultivation and infrastructure
The regional government of Oromia has allowed ABDURAHAMAN MOHAMMED to use the
aforementioned land for the Hotelindustry. At the time of conducting the EIA Study, the project
land planted with nil l to few trees were planted around the fence as wind break, while the
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remaining land is bare and demolished of old house and made free for future expansion of the
project. The land is found not to possess any sort of indigenous tree species, and shrubs of any
types.
Health and risk management
Health and risk management should be done to avoid unnecessary impact on human health.
Providing health facility (mobile clinic or first aid service depending on the size of workforce,
making ready vehicles or ambulances, etc.) is the main element of health and risk management.
Period clinic test by the workers should be experienced regularly.
7.4 OPERATIONAL PHASE
Most of project environmental management activities will be carried out during the operation phase,
because it is the period that counts long term of significant impacts expectation and supposed to be
raised - including environmental pollution and human health hazard.
The objective of the environmental management program at this phase of the project are: protection
of the environment from debris and other pollutants, protection of workers from work area health
hazard, efficient use of water and energy sources, waste management and to improve the
environmental performance of the project. The study of consultant team proposes an Environmental
and Safety Management Unit (ESMU) in the project’s structure to operate the environmental
management program at this stage of the project as:
 coordinate and administer all aspects of the environmental management programs;

 develop further an environmental oversight capability within the company;
 Facilitate for the implementation of project -wide Environmental Management System (EMS).
A three person staff comprising chemical engineering expert, environmentalist and health officer
would be sufficient to perform the environmental management program (this has to be fulfilled in
the long run). The unit requires additional support from other departments. Sufficient budget should
be allocated for environmental monitoring activities. Regular internal auditing and monitoring
should be made and audit report should be submitted to the city environmental protection agency on
quarter basis.
7.4.1 Cleaner Production Audit Team

Since the environmental management program serves as a tool to avoid or mitigate potential
negative and to enhance potential positive environmental impacts of the project, the consultant
prefers the involvement of everyone in the factory especially in preventing and minimizing waste at
the source of generation. For this, the consultant proposes a cleaner production audit team organized
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from different departments of the factory to operate subordinately the environmental program of the
production phase of the project. The audit team would prominently generate cleaner production
options and implement them: to avoid industrial pollution by reducing waste generation at every
stage of the production process in order to minimize or eliminate wastes at their source before any
potential pollutants. Specific duties of the audit team will include the following:
 Develop a systematic waste and emission reduction audit procedures;

 Identifies sources of wastes and causes for their generation
 Generate possible options to mitigate (i.e. prevent or minimize) generation of wastes
 Evaluate all generated possible options from economic, environmental and technical
perspectives and select the feasible option
 Develop a systematic waste reduction plan that contains specific waste reduction goals for the
feasible option
 Educate and involve employees at all level in identifying and quantifying the problems and in
seeking creative solutions to eliminate or to minimize problems at their source
 Obtain the best management and technical information possible to help the project advantage
of efficiency improvement and waste reduction opportunities.
 Review and update efficiency improvement and waste reduction goals and time tables
regularly
The number of people the team can comprise depends on the cleaner operation technologies levels
the Multipurpose Hotel preferred to implement. However it is an obligatory for presence of
environmental and safety officer and top management representative in the team. This is because
the environmental and safety officer lead the cleaner production projects whereas the top
management representative ensures the top management commitment for the projects.
Cleaner Production
Cleaner Production is defined as the continuous application of an integrated, preventive,

environmental strategy applied to processes, products and services to increase overall efficiency and
reduce risks to humans and the environment.
Cleaner Production is an approach to environmental management that aims to improve the

environmental performance of products, processes and services by focusing on the causes of
environmental problems rather than the symptoms. In this way, it is different to the traditional
‘pollution control’ approach to environmental management. Where pollution control is an after-the-
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event, ‘react and treat’ approach, Cleaner Production reflects a proactive, ‘anticipate and prevent’
philosophy.
Cleaner Production is most commonly applied to production processes by bringing about the
conservation of resources, the elimination of toxic raw materials and the reduction of wastes and
emissions. However it can also be applied throughout the life cycle of a product from the initial
design phase through to the consumption and disposal phase. Techniques for implementing Cleaner
Production include improved housekeeping practices, process optimization, raw material
substitution, new technology and new product design.
The other important feature of Cleaner Production is that by preventing inefficient use of resources
and avoiding unnecessary generation of waste, an organization can benefit from reduced operating
costs, reduced waste treatment and disposal costs and reduced liability. Investing in Cleaner
Production, to prevent pollution and reduce resource consumption is more cost effective than
continuing to rely on increasingly expensive ‘end-of - pipe’ solutions. There have been many
examples demonstrating the financial benefits of the Cleaner Production approach as well as the
environmental benefits.
As a comprehensive analysis of the material from production to disposal, life cycle analysis is
important in determining the environmental impact of a package. The analysis incorporates a
quantitative evaluation of environmental costs, considering issues such as material use, energy
consumption, and waste generation (Smith and White 2000). The sustainability goal inherent within
the cradle-to-gravel concept (imposing zero impact on future generations) builds on life cycle
analysis to address material and energy recovery as well (McDonough and Braungart 2002).
Furthermore, new packaging materials are being developed to facilitate the goal of true
sustainability.
7.4.2 Work area safety
Particular attention should be given for controlling work man - ship health from hazardous wastes
or chemicals that can cause acute as well as chronic or cumulative health problems. Both technical
and administrative management aspects should be considered. The environmental and safety officer
and the production supervisors will be responsible for managing the technical management aspects.
They ensure that procedures for hazard and accident response are ready and well placed. The labor
officer will be responsible for administrative management aspects.
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7.4.3 Waste Management

7.4.3.1 Integrated Waste Management System
In an integrated waste management the concept of ‘waste’ is replaced by a concept of ‘resource’,
combined with a well-organized and controlled waste stream. A modern integrated waste
management policy is based on a combination of waste prevention and avoidance, maximized
recycling of used goods, waste re-use, sorting and separate waste collection. Such a concept
automatically results in minimized land filling leaving only a final amount of municipal solid waste
for further treatment. In this way, in an integrated waste management center/system, waste as a
resource is not only converted into valuable electricity and heating but it’s a total and sustainable
solution turning each waste fraction into the most valuable resource.
An Integrated waste management system (refers to the strategic approach to sustainable

management of wastes covering all sources and all aspects, covering generation, segregation,
transfer, sorting, treatment, recovery and disposal in an integrated manner, with an emphasis on
maximizing resource use efficiency with collaboration of responsible stakeholder bodies: the owner
and its managements, the communities, the workers, the government bodies ( from) EPA, non –
governmental institutions, etc. with time allotment, human power, energy and financial budget
mechanisms) should be implemented. All solid, wastewater and outdoor generated from the
production process should be managed properly. A project - wide integrated waste management
system to be implemented for this purpose. The system to be applied for each aspect of the issue
and it must provide a hierarchical waste management approach for each aspect in which waste
prevention to be at the top of this hierarchy. The environmental and safety officer will prepare cost
effective and environmentally sound management options for managing every waste concerns at
this production phase. The production manager will be responsible for the implementation plans.
The responsible body will ensure effectiveness of the management system in usual bases. The
environmental and safety officer will review the management plan and evaluator the sustainability
of the management plans.
7.5 BUDGETS FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

Most of the cost for the environmental management is mainstreamed in the design of the project
infrastructure, choice of production technology and operation practice and in implementation of
emission and effluent control units. Therefore, most of the environmental concerns are addressed in
the construction, operation and management of the project. Most compensation issues are dealt with
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by the Oromia National Regional State Government. Nevertheless, some cost is involved for the
environmental management practice. The important cost (in ETB per annum) component of the
environmental management of the project includes (ETB/annum):
 Salary of the environment and safety officer (as freelancer) = 60,000.00

 Periodic training and awareness program for the employee = 20,000.00
 Environmental monitoring and reporting = 30,000.00
 Waste management = 30,000.00
 The total cost for annual environmental management is estimated at 140,000.00.
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Table 7.1 Annual Budget for Environmental Management Program

Project Env’l Mitigation measures Specific activities to implement the Unit Quantity Budget in Effective time Responsible
phase impacts mitigation measures ETB bodies/imple
menter
Construc Air Dust reduction measures- - On time watering of the land under g/kg- Based on the Next to phase Project
tion pollution reduction of GHGs generated by excavation and vehicle roads - renewal volume area , depth of one after the management
phase vehicles of the motor of vehicles and generators the hole , permission letter + contractor
10634.3
volume to be
on time is released and
dug, the
complexity of 6,800.00 phase one is over
the construction
Water Control of oil spills from vehicles Collecting and burying at specific Kg or Based on the Project
and Soil - collecting and sorting of solid constructed protected area Volume spilled oil and management
pollution wastes - reuse and recycling the produced +contractor
- establishment of treatment -soil damping or land filling solid wastes
plant g or land filling "
10,634.30
Health Teaching and orientation on self- giving of proper safety devices Number Based on the Project
impact protection - Teaching of safety rules or hour types of management
-accident prevention - periodic checkups activities + contractor
- establishment of clinic
- toilet construction and creating of
clean env’t
- strict rule on sexual harassment
8,540.00 “
- giving of proper safety devices
- Teaching of safety rules
- periodic checkups
- establishment of clinic
- toilet construction and creating of
clean env’t
- strict rule on sexual harassment
Solid - Prevention or reduction - Sorting, Reuse, recycle, land filling, Kg/ Based on the " Project
waste mechanisms and damping the inevitable waste at day/ kinds of 5,670.00 management
impact proper site Person activities +contractor
Risk Awareness raising Teaching safety rules hr/day, Based on " Project
- protective device provision - training on, device or tools or number Number of management
instrument operation worker 10,634.30 + contractor
- preparation of first aid or mobile clinic trained/yr
or ambulances, etc.
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Noise Reduce Noise from Equipment turning off engines when they are not dB Types of " Project
and vehicles- Working Hours in use - checking the brakes are activities management
adjustment- Protecting properly adjusted and don’t squeal- matter + contractor
Workforce not revving the engine unnecessarily-
only using the horn in emergencies-
10634.3
replacing exhaust systems as soon as
they become noisy- use of shift
systems- Regular hearing tests-
provision of personal hearing
protectors
Operatio Air reduction of GHGs generation renewal of the motor of vehicles and G/kg Based on the Just after the Project
n phase pollution by vehicles and products generators on time area and construction management
1 evaporation - uses of proper airtight lid to each pipe volume depth of the works are + contractor
- Dust reduction measures if any - keeping closed all the times the pipe area and completed to life
- prevention of fire accident at all and checking timely for any leakage volume to be 10,634.30 long
times - forming firefighting team/brigade and cleared (Per
- greening the compound readying of vehicle with container filled annum)
with water all the time
- planting trees in around the
compound of the project
- On time watering of the working area
Water Control of oil spills from vehicles collecting and burying at specific Kg or Based on the Project
and Soil and during loading and unloading constructed protected area Volume effluents 5,670.00 management
pollution - collecting and sorting of solid - wastewater pond or treatment plant produced and (per
2 wastes implementation the produced annum) "
- reuse and recycling solid wastes
Solid prevention or reduction sorting, reuse, recycle, land filling, and Kg/day/ Based on the Project
wastes 3 mechanisms dumping the inevitable waste at proper person kinds of 10,634.30 management
site activities "
Liquid - Economic uses preparation of treatment plant Volume Based on the Project
wastes - reusing kinds of 16,200.00 management
activities "
Odor Teaching and orientation on self- giving of proper safety devices- Number Based on the Project
protection- accident prevention- training- Teaching of safety rules- or hour types of management
Noise pollution Control periodic checkups- establishment of activities
clinic-toilet construction and creating of "
110634.30
clean env’t- strict rule on sexual
(per
harassment- reshuffling of workers
annum)
within short period time to Reduce long
contact with effluents- keeping the
Noise release within the standards-
hazards area classification and mapping
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Occupati ergonomic Working area open air work Number - effluents Project
onal - Medicinal treatment - uses of Noise protection or Management
health - shifting Working time rate/mo 5,670.00 "
- respiratory system checkups nth
- skin checkups
Aesthetic sanitation program Solid and liquid wastes management Number Based on the Project
value - compound beautification - awareness raising or Working area " Management
- greening the compound by planting volume - Based on
5,670.00
trees, Or Kg area coverage
- engineer designing of the compound.
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7.6 INSTITUTION ARRANGEMENT

Monitoring of recommended mitigation measures enforcement of the project implementation will
be ensured by establishing monitoring procedures in which the proponent, competent environmental
agency and the affected communities play their parts.
ABDURAHAMAN MOHAMMED will establish an environmental unit which will organize,

manage and control the implementation of proposed environmental and social management plans
and regularly monitor performance standards on social and environmental sustainability of the
project. This environmental unit will work under the guidance and supervision of the management
of the company and according to the requirements of the environmental laws. The Environmental
and Safety Management Unit/ ESMU, (which is to be established by the company), will carry out
regulatory actions i.e., internal environmental and social management and monitoring activities on
regular basis. The unit will consist of three professionals namely; an environmentalist, civil
engineer and health officer, who will be responsible for regular conducting of internal
environmental and social management and monitoring works within the processing plants. The
affected communities together with key local stakeholders will jointly monitor social and
environmental management performances of the Multipurpose Hotel plant against the plans to
ensure effectiveness and proper implementation of recommended mitigation measures for
significant adverse impacts.
1. Compliance monitoring, which checks whether prescribed actions have been carried out,
usually by means of inspection or enquiries.
2. Effects monitoring, this records the consequences of activities on one or more environmental
components, and usually involves physical measurement of selected parameters or the
execution of surveys to establish the nature and extent of induced changes.
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8 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

Monitoring a project or a program and its surrounding is a tool for decision making not an end
product. Relating to the Multipurpose Hotel, the monitoring will involve both quantitative and
qualitative data, as appropriate to the nature of the information. Both due to its significance and
comprising different components, the production stage environmental management monitoring and
implementation program presented in detail.
Environmental monitoring is very essential part of the project implementation. It helps to follow up
the implementation of the proposed mitigation measures, as they are required and to anticipate
possible environmental hazards and/or to detect unpredicted impacts over time. Such monitoring
has to be carried out by the project’s Environmental and Safety Management Unit (ESMU) in a
regularly bases. The company top management together with affiliated units of the Asella
Administration Environmental Protection Office (ATAEPO) its affiliates and representatives of the
local community’s cabinet should have to carry out an occasional monitoring on the performance of
the environmental management plan. Random monitoring on selected environmental indicators by
ATAEPO also important as it is essential for auditing the environmental protection program of the
company. The ESMU as the central point in monitoring the environmental management plan of the
operation phase of the project; the responsibility of the unit will be ensuring the implementation of
all the proposed mitigation measures. The unit should focus at least on the following main
environmental management plan themes:
Even though the project’s establishment is to generate returns to the shareholders and the
stakeholders, the company will also be committed to minimize potential negative impacts on the
environment and the community. Therefore, ABDURAHAMAN MOHAMMEDMultipurpose Mix
Building is committed to sustainable both social and Environmental Building in the region. To that
end, the company will:
 Use the best available technology and construction Materials,

 Apply industry best practices in its operations,
8.1 MONITORING PLAN AND IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM
Environmental monitoring is an essential tool in relation to environmental management as it
provides the basis for rational management decisions regarding impact control. The monitoring
program for the present project will be undertaken to meet the following objectives:
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 check on whether mitigation and benefit enhancement measures have actually been adopted,
and are proving effective in practice
 provide a means whereby any impacts which were subject to uncertainty at the time of
preparation of the EIA, or which were unforeseen, can be identified, and to provide a basis
for formulating appropriate additional impact control measures
 Provide information on the actual nature and extent of key impacts and the effectiveness of
mitigation and benefit enhancement measures which, through a feedback mechanism, can
improve the planning and execution of future, similar projects.
Two basic forms of monitoring:
 Comply with regional, national and international environmental laws & regulations,
 Rehabilitate the environment affected by its activities,
 Engage effectively with local communities and work on local environmental conservations
and management, and
 Engage in and recycle treated waste water for economic purposes.
8.2 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT
Though the land secured by the proponent is small, the HotelProject shall develop greenbelt inside
and outside the premises of the plant as much as possible. Besides, about 2% of project site should
be covered with trees of local variety that will be planted and reforested to play its role for fulfilling
the goal of ‘Bonn Challenge’ and Paris resolutions.
Green building
Green building is the practice of creating structures and using processes that are environmentally
responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle from siting to design,
construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and deconstruction. In other words, green building
design involves finding the balance between homebuilding and the sustainable environment. This
requires close cooperation of the design team, the architects, the engineers, and the client at all
project stages. This practice expands and complements the classical building design concerns of
economy, utility, durability, and comfort. Green building is also known as a sustainable or high
performance building.
Aspects of Built Consumption: Environmental Effects: Ultimate Effects :
Environment:
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 Siting  Energy  Waste  Harm to Human

 Design  Air pollution Health
 Water
 Construction  Water pollution  Environment
 Operation  Materials  Indoor pollution Degradation
 Maintenance  Natural  Heat islands  Loss of
 Renovation Resource  Storm water Resources
 Deconstruction s runoff
 Noise
Although new technologies are constantly being developed to complement current practices in
creating greener structures, the common objective is that green buildings are designed to reduce the
overall impact of the built environment on human health and the natural environment by:
 Efficiently using energy, water, and other resources
 Protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity
 Reducing waste, pollution and environmental degradation
A similar concept is natural building, which is usually on a smaller scale and tends to focus on the
use of natural materials that are available locally. Other related topics include sustainable design
and green architecture.
Goals of green building
 Life cycle assessment
 Siting and structure design efficiency
 Energy efficiency
 Water efficiency
 Materials efficiency
 Indoor environmental quality enhancement
 Operations and maintenance optimization
 Waste reduction
 The uses of solar cells for energy sources
Indoor sources of air pollution
 Office equipment
 Cleaning or deodorizing products
 Mold growth from damp or wet porous areas such as carpeting panels
 Chemical leakage from water cooler or fuel oil containers
 Contamination from nearby renovation or construction within the work area or office setting
 Perfumes, wall paints, white fluids, inks, shoe polishes, etc.
Environment Code
The Code is intended as a good practice global standard for measuring the environmental
performance of corporate buildings. Its aim is to accurately measure and manage the environmental
99
impacts of corporate buildings and enable property executives to generate high quality, comparable
performance information about their buildings anywhere in the world. The Code covers a wide
range of building types (from ofﬁces to airports) and aims to inform and support the following;
 Creating an environmental strategy
 Communicating a commitment to environmental improvement
 Creating performance targets
 Environmental improvement plans
 Performance assessment and measurement
 Life cycle assessments
 Acquisition and disposal of buildings
 Supplier management
 Information systems and data population
 Compliance with regulations
 Team and personal objectives
ISO 21931
ISO/TS 21931:2006, Sustainability in building construction Framework for methods of assessment
for environmental performance of construction works Part 1: Buildings, is intended to provide a
general framework for improving the quality and comparability of methods for assessing the
environmental performance of buildings. It identifies and describes issues to be taken into account
when using methods for the assessment of environmental performance for new or existing building
properties in the design, construction, operation, refurbishment and deconstruction stages. It is not
an assessment system in itself but is intended be used in conjunction with, and following the
principles set out in, the ISO 14000 series of standards
8.3 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT UNIT
Apart from having an EMP, it is also necessary to have a percent organizational set up charged with
the task of ensuring its effective implementation. A separate department consisting of officers from
various disciplines shall be created to coordinate activities concerned with the management and
implementation of the environmental control measures of the proposed plant operation. Basically,
this department shall undertake monitoring of the environmental pollution levels by measuring
stack emissions, ambient air quality, water and effluent quality, noise level etc., departmentally or
by appointing external agencies wherever necessary. In case, the monitored results of environmental
pollution are found to exceed the allowable values, the Environmental Management Cell shall
suggest remedial action and get these suggestions implemented through the concerned plant
authorities. To achieve the objective of pollution control, it is essential not only to provide best
pollution control systems but also to provide trained manpower resources to operate the same.
Training facilities would be strengthened for environmental control which would cover the items
listed below.
 Awareness of pollution control and environmental protection
 Operation and maintenance of pollution control equipment
 Knowledge of norms, regulations and procedures
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 Occupational health and safety. .

8.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES
This section presents those procedures and activities of general nature, which need to be implement
for conservation of the resources and for protection of environment. These can be grouped under the
following headings:
8.4.1 Wastes Management
Waste shall be managed in accordance with the company’s Waste Management Plan as stipulated in
Multipurpose Hotel Environmental Management System and compliance with the country’s
environmental regulations. The principles of waste reduction, recycling, recovery and reuse shall be
practiced.
8.4.2 Waste Minimization Guidelines
Waste minimization implies the reduction of the volume of air, liquid and solid wasters to
maximum possible extent. The four principles of waste minimization process (namely; recycling,
reduction, reuse and recovery) shall be adopted as applicable. Further, development activities are
functions of the activity level, age depreciation and maintenance level of facilitate and operating
equipment.
8.4.3 Waste Handling Guidelines
For proper handling and disposal, wastes shall be well defined at source and the definition
transmitted along with the waste until the final disposal state. All procedures shall be defined, and
documented appropriately for all wastes generated. The general information required, and a
minimum, for adequate definition of wastes include:
 Waste stream identification,
 Proper waste categorization,
 Waste segregation,
 Appropriate handling and disposal practice,
 Recommended management practices.
8.4.4 Waste Segregation Guidelines
For effective implementation of appropriate waste disposal methods and recycling, it is important
that waste material be segregated, preferably at source into clearly designated bins at strategic
locations.
8.4.5 Waste Disposal Guidelines
Instructions on the material safety-handling sheet shall be strictly adhered to, and shall form the
basis for the disposal of wastes related to such products. Adequate treatment measures shall be
undertaken, wherever applicable, for all waste before final disposal. Some of the information that
Materials Safety Disposal Sheet (MSDS) must contain:
 Chemical Identity: Name of the product.
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 Manufacturer’s Information: Name, address, phone number and emergency phone number of
the manufacturer.
 Hazardous Ingredients/Identity Information: List of hazardous chemicals.
 Depending on the state, the list may contain all chemicals even if they are not hazardous, since
chemicals are often known by different names, all common (trade) names should be listed.
 Physical/Chemical Characteristics: Boiling point, vapor pressure and density, melting point,
evaporation rate, etc.
 Fire and Explosion Hazard Data: Flash point, flammability limits, ways to
extinguish, special firefighting procedures, unusual fire and explosion hazards.
 Reactivity Data: How certain materials react with others when mixed or stored
together.
 Health Hazard Data: Health effects (acute= immediate; chronic= long-term), ways the hazard
can enter the body (lungs, skin or mouth), symptoms of exposure, emergency and first aid
procedures.
 Precautions of Safe Handling and Use: What to do in case materials spill or leak, how to
dispose of waste safely, how to handle and store materials in a safe manner.
 Control Measures: Ventilation (local, general, etc.), type of respirator/filter to use, protective
gloves, clothing and equipment, etc.
8.4.6 Monitoring
The various areas to be monitored shall be in accordance with the state of the environment. In the
light of this, there is a need to establish the monitoring schedule for sustainable development of the
project. In-house environmental monitoring program needs to be instituted for the project, while
external environmental monitoring shall address the foregoing key issues to ensure compliance with
good housekeeping and manufacturing practice in order to avoid unnecessary adverse effect.
Table 8.1: Description of environmental monitoring.

Environmental Parameters Measurement Monitoring Budget Time Responsible
components system Per annum table bodies
Air/atmosphere Chemical/Air Pollution - Laboratorial 20,000.00 From the Project
quality level, mg or test and start to management
ppm, etc. compliance to the project + ATAEPO +
existing Air life stakeholders
quality standard, yearly
Soil/lithosphere Chemical or Pollution - Laboratorial 20,000.00 From the Project
radiological or level, mg or test and start to management
biological /Soil microgram compliance to the project ATAEPO +
quality existing Soil life stakeholders
quality standards yearly
for agricultural
activities
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Water/ Chemicals or Pollution - Laboratorial 10,000.00 From the Project

hydrosphere radiological or level, mg or test and start to management
microbiological/ microgram or compliance to the project + ATAEPO
Water quality ppm existing water life +stakeholders
quality standard yearly +
for drinking, stakeholders
irrigation and
animals,
Flora and fauna Population Damage level Health quality 10,000.00 From the Project
biosphere decrease or or extinction standards start to management
increase level, DNA project + ATAEPO +
changes, in life stakeholders
number yearly
Social sphere Quality of health Number, Health quality 10,000.00 From the Project
system, population Standards, period start to management
health checkups, project ATAEPO
life +
yearly stakeholders
8.4.7 Capacity Building and Training

A training program is an essential part of an Environmental Management System (EMS).
Environmental Training will be given to key operators on those who are responsible for informing
their teams. In line with the guidelines, the proponent shall establish a Health Environment Safety
(HSE) Unit, which shall be staffed with qualified and competent scientists/engineers. There shall be
a corporate/Company HSE Manager who shall be responsible for implementing the project’s
Environmental Policy and ensuring compliance with all relevant international, national and state
environmental regulations and laws. The capacity of the HSE department would be strengthened
through institutional strengthening by purchasing portable environmental quality meters for
measuring pollutants instantly in air, water and soil as well as measurements of noise and heat. Staff
of the HSE will be trained on proficient use of the items of pollution monitoring equipment
including understanding and importance of Quality Assurance/Quality Control as well as
interpretation of field monitoring data and report writing for compliance monitoring.
There shall be periodic Sustainable Environmental Awareness Training/Seminars with consent
including Ecology, Sustainable Development, Environmental Management, Institutional and
Regulatory Framework, Pollution Control, Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring, Environment
Accounting, Corporate Environmental Responsibility, Environmental Health and Safety, Risk
Assessment, Environmental Assessment, Contingency Plan, Event Response, Liability and
Compensation etc., for Managers, Supervisors/Intermediate staff and junior staff to inculcate the
tenet of sustainable development in all member of staff. The project has to allocate ETB 140,000.00
for the execution of environmental management activities.
8.4.8 Reporting
Reporting of all incidents shall be made to the regulatory agencies and supervisory bodies as they
occur. The findings of each environmental audit shall also be submitted to Moyale Town
Administration Environmental protection Office /ATAEPO/ or its agents.
103
8.4.9 Environmental Audit

Environmental Audits are tools used by management to systematically and periodically evaluate the
performance of environmental management systems (EMS), procedures and equipment.
Environmental audits are required by the project as environmental monitoring tools to ensure that
project operation is carried out according to the regulatory requirements and standards. All the
project facilities shall be regularly audited once Operation commences. This audit shall check the
prediction of the Environmental Assessment Report and assess the general performance of the
project to ensure that environmental standards are maintained and Hotel Construction policies and
environmental management guidelines are strictly maintained. Each environmental audit shall be
geared towards achieving the following:
 Examine compliance with regulatory requirements
 Identify current and potential environmental problems
 Examine the line management systems, plant operations, monitoring practices and data,
procedures and plans
 Check the predictions of the Environmental Evaluation Assessment and ensure that its
recommendations are being implemented
 Recommend areas of improvement in operations management.
8.4.10 Environment labeling and life cycle assessment
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a method of checking the facts about the environmental burden of a
product from its design through to production and then final disposal. It can be used in design of a
new product or the evaluation of existing product. EIA is the analysis of a product or service
through all stages of its life cycle, raw martial acquisition, manufacturing, transportation; use/reuse/
maintenance, recycling/waste management and relevant energy supply systems. It includes:
 Evaluation and policy making
 Public education
 Internal decision making
 Public disclosure of information
In the same process, product also gets environment labeling. The proposed Multipurpose Hotel
project is committed to conduct all types of studies including EIA to preserve the natural
resources and to protect the environment.
8.4.11 The Proposed Building’s Statement on the Project
Buildings are the source of half the world’s greenhouse gas emissions making them the
largest contributor even more than manufacturing and transportation. Such emissions
would increase by 37% by 2030 if actions in making them sustainable are not taken
(Yudelson, 2007). The challenges of the urban environment posed by housing are more
pronounced in the developing world. Rapid urbanization, and with it, the large slum areas,
deteriorates the urban environment through unplanned settlement and construction.
Construction of Multipurpose Hotel Project shall adopt environmentally sustainable buildings

technology to have low to none carbon emissions through ways devised to keep them still functional
and by which, its impact on environment shall be significantly reduced, and the local government
104
regulations and the global guidelines would be completely fulfilled. Designed environmental
specifications of the proposed plant are in line with or more stringent than national environmental
guidelines. A comprehensive environmental management system will be developed to monitor
environment and safety performance. A total engineering concept to integrate the performance
parameters will be applied. Safety audits shall be carried out to ensure compliance with health and
safety legislation and assessing work place risk.
Culturally, the proposed project shall have no significant impact with regard to cultural effects.
Economically, the proposed Hotel Hotel project, provides multi service such as banking center,
Office rooms, Restaurant and Cafeteria service, Play station and Shopping Center. The project will
assist the national income, will provide job opportunities and in a long-term economic boost and
will help to supply the high demand processed Multipurpose Hotel the Ethiopian markets.
105
9 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

In conclusion the proposed project will have several positive economic impacts during its different
phases that include: creation of employment; stimulating development through revenue, taxes
and income, creating a market for goods and services, and creating business opportunities for
various companies and individuals. These will contribute to the achievement of vision 2030 and
contribute to making Nairobi a metropolitan City by increasing the infrastructure available in the
city and in quality.
However the project will present environmental and OSH risks similar to most building and
infrastructure projects, which include: generation of wastes (municipal, construction and
demolition wastes; changes in soil characteristics; emission of air pollutants amongst others. These
risks can be adequately managed and monitored through the proposed mitigation measures,
ESAP, HSEMP and EMP, that includes frameworks for developing waste management plans, OSH
plans and hazardous materials safety plans.
Thus the Environmental Management Authority is advised to license the project subject to it
following the proposed annual environmental audits and EMP and complying with all other
statutory requirements that the project subscribes to. The project should also develop a plan for
continuous engagement with stakeholders that include members of the public (its neighbor’s) and
government bodies. This will be in compliance with the Environmental Management and
Coordination Act of 1999 and the Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit regulations, 2003.
Above all the proponent should carry out Environmental Audit 12 months after the project is
completed and occupied.
In the recent decade Ethiopia has experience a boom in urban development curtailed by the
construction of numerous infrastructure projects encompassing: residential and housing projects;
commercial and industrial establishments; recreational facilities, and other amenities. These have all
been in support or service to the growing population in the city and also economic development in
both macro and micro scales. Most of these projects tend to have generic impacts with baselines
withholding but having a cumulative impact on the natural resources that the greater population
depends on. Thus as required by the EMCA of 1999 it is prudent for all these projects to comply
with regulations and where possible surpass legal stipulations/obligations in order to minimize or
avoid negative impacts on these resources
The project’s main aim is to address a gap in rising demand for better offices Moyale with many
multinational and established local companies setting up their building. There exists an untapped
market for affordable high standard business hotel accommodation for business travelers in the
town, where the upscale hotels dominate the market, while the affordable ones do not meet the
expected standards. Therefore, many hotel operators prefer to buy an already constructed structure
to fit out their hotels as per their needs that fits their workings through the social and cultural heart
landscape, to provide recreational facilities thereby stimulating both local and national society for
national economic growth. The project also aims at providing high quality office facilities for
business that form an integral part of the spine of the country’s economy. Thus the project will
explicitly contribute to economic development and through compliance to the requirements of this
106
report’s ESMP; it will be a sustainable development in terms of the management of the natural
resources pertinent to it.
The assessment established that there are no significant environmental impacts expected to ensue
from the construction work and during occupation provided that the proponent adheres to the
proposed mitigation measures. The minor concerns of the project and the necessary mitigation
measures have been highlighted in the report and mainly in the Environmental Management Plan of
the project. Some of the anticipated impacts include noise and air pollution. During construction, air
and noise pollution will increase as a result of construction activities. However, the contractor will
use manual labour as much as possible to minimize the noise and air pollution as well as creating
employment to reduce the cost of construction. There is no water body on site neither is the site a
sensitive area.
The main activities to be carried out in the development of the proposed project includes:
excavation/earthwork, actual construction and landscaping. Some of the recommendations made
include, ensuring proper disposal of waste, use of safety nets/sheets, erection of safety warning
signs, provision of the necessary personal protective equipment for the workers and ensuring
materials are sourced from genuine suppliers and use of manual labour to minimize noise and air
pollution. An Environmental Management Plan was established for the project describing the
parameters to be monitored and suggesting how monitoring should be done, how frequently, who
should be responsible
107
10 REFERENCES
Proclamation No.37/1996. Promotion of Investment, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Biodiversity Institute, 1998. The National Biodiversity Policy (NBP). Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Central Statistical Authority, 2008.Census Reports, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
EPA, 2002. Ethiopian Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Ethiopian Forestry Action Program, 2000. Survey of the Ethiopian Forest, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
FDRE, 1997. Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
FDRE, MOFED, 1997, Ethiopian Growth and transformation Plan (2010/11-2014/15).
Proclamation No. 299/2002. Environmental Impact Assessment. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Proclamation No. 300/2002. Environmental Pollution Control. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No. 1/1995.Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia.
Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) (1997), Environmental Policy of Ethiopia: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) (2000), Guideline Document: Environmental Assessment and
Management; EPA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. (2002), Environmental Pollution Control Proclamation.
Proclamation No. 300/2002, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (2002), Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation.
Proclamation No. 299/2002. Addis Ababa.
FDRE EPA, 2003. Guideline for reviewing environmental impact study reports (final drafts), Addis Ababa.
Source Category Survey: Construction Industry, EPA Contract No. 68-02-3059, June 1980
R. N. Shreve, Third Edition: Chemical Process Industries, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, NY.
J. H. Perry, Fourth Edition: Chemical Engineers Handbook, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, NY.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, April 1974.
Orimia BOFED, 2011. Physical and Social and Economic Profile for Borana Zone and District
Finfine
Abu Eresso, 2011. Assessment of Water Balance of Lake Ziway and Its Temporal Variation Due to
Water Abstraction. M.Sc. Thesis Research submitted to Haromay University, Harmaya.
MUDHC, August 2015. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK
URBAN PRODUCTIVE SAFETY NET PROJECT, Addis Ababa.
Ministry of Urban Development, Housing and Construction January 9, 2014 ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL
SYSTEM ASSESSMENT (ESSA) Ethiopia: Second Urban Local Government Development Program. Final for
Disclosure
Ministry of Urban Development, Housing and Construction, August 2015. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL
MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK. URBAN PRODUCTIVE SAFETY NET PROJECT, Addis Ababa.
108
Expertise Details
Personal Data: Name - Tamene Fite Duressa (Male), Tele: Mobile (+251)911343326, E-mail:
tamenefite@yahoo.com
Educational Back Ground: Higher Level Education: Addis Ababa University with the award of 1 st
degree in Chemistry, diploma in Pharmacy, 2 nd degree in Environmental Science and PhD student
on the field of environmental Science at University of South Africa
Summarized Experiences: 16 years of teaching at different Ethiopian high schools, 8 years as
department head, coordinator, laboratory performer; exam committee member and coordinator, 2
years as school principal, 1 year as script writer and radio teacher at Ethiopian educational
broadcasting media, 2 months of training on operation of ICP- AES at National University of
Lesotho (NUL), 3 years as a lecturer at Mada Walabu University (MWU) at College of Health
Science , 2 years as a lecturer and researchers at Adama Science and Technology university at the
Department of Chemistry, 2 years as Head, Department of Environmental Health at Mada Walabu
University, 2 years as Director of Teaching – Learning Enhancement Directorate at Mada walabu
University and a researcher on different topics to date.
Workshops on: Workshop prepared by Addis Ababa EPA water and waste management as a
presenter, PACN Congress on Sustainability in Africa energy, water and waste, Ethiopia., Annual
congress of Chemical Society of Ethiopia (CSE), Annual congress of Chemical Society of Ethiopia
(CSE), at Mekele, March, 2014, Technology Transfer through Industry – University – TVET
Linkage organized bt Adama Science and Technology University, March 15- 16, 2014, at Dire
Hotel, Adama, Ethiopia, Quality management system prepared by Madawalabu University
(MWU), Effective Teaching Skills, Training for health Science instructors organized by Ministry of
Education and Jhpiego Ethiopia, 2010, Bahir Dar, Basic Processing Re- engineering, BPR and
Balanced Score Card, BSC prepared by MWU, 2011. Bale Robe, Community based participatory
Research prepared by MWU, 2011, Bale Robe, Research Proposal Development Methods, by
UNISA, 2010 – 2011, AA, at Ethiopian Management Institute, training on ‘Drug Abuse and Illicit
Trafficking Prevention conducted in the 2003/04, at DACA (Drug Administration and Control
Agency) at A.A., Workshop on ‘finalizing grades 9 and 10 Curriculum Guides and grades 11 and 12
contents for Biology, Chemistry and Physics conducted from April 1 – 10, 1996, , Adama TTI,
Ethiopia
Major Researches Performed and written materials: Comparative Analysis of Iodine Concentration
in Water, Soil, Cereals and Table Salt of Horaboka, Mio and Besaso Towns of Bale Robe, South
East Ethiopia, Assessment of Levels of Lead in Piped Drinking Water of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
using ICP-MS, Extraction, characterization and determination of biofuel potential of oil of Maesa
lanceolata seeds, Extraction, characterization and determination of biofuel potential of oil of
A.mexicana, Research underway: ‘Bioavailability and Environmental Pollution of Heavy Metals
along Mojo River and Lake Koka Receiving Contaminants from Industries in Ethiopia: Implications
for Sustainable Use of Resources, Teaching material for Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology,
Teaching material for Industrial Safety and Quality Control, Training Manual for Environmental
Impact Assessment (EIA) and Legal Control of Pollution, Guiding manual of BPR for Research and
Community Service at Madawalabu University, 2011, Bale Robe, Ethiopia, etc.
109
II Abu Eresso Tufa

I. PERSONAL DATA
Name: Abu Eresso Tufa
Nationality: Ethiopian
Date of birth: 15 April 1971 G.C
Place of birth: Borana province, Qersa District
Marital status: Married, and have two daughters
Gender: Male
Languages proficiency: English fluent
Afaan Oromo (Native)
Amharic (Fluent)
Address: East Shao. P.O. Box 2579,
Adama (Ethipia).
Cell phone: +251923731896/251916827050
Email: durisiif@gmail.com
II. EDUCATION BACK GROUND
2008- 2009: M.Sc. in Irrigation Engineering, Haramaya University,
Major: Irrigation Engineering
Awarded: Degree of Master of Science in Irrigation Engineering
1989- 1993: B.Sc. Arid Zone Soil and water conservation Engineering, Haramaya University,
Major: Soil and Water Conservation.
Minor: hydrology:
Award: Degree of Bachelor Science
Specialization in irrigation Engineering, Hydrology.
Haramay, Ethiopia.
1987-1989 Assalla comprehensive School
Major Natural Science
Award ESLCE CERTAFICATE
Assalla, Ethiopia
III. TRAINING
29 April–May 2003. Training Course on Community facilitation and action planning Organized by OFSPCO. Adama,
Ethiopia.
23–31 Oct. 2002. WFP/MOA awareness workshop and training of trainers on MERET strategic directions and steps to
enhance land rehabilitation, assets creation and Livelihood improvement initiatives. Adama Ethiopia.
15–26 Jan. 2001: Training on water harvesting and soil conservation for moisture deficit areas in Ethiopia and
improved monitoring and evaluation system for project ETH 2488/04, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
August 27–Sep 1 2001.Training Workshop on Participatory Evaluation for Project ET/2488 (WFP). Adama Ethiopia.
9–14 March 1998. Training On soil and Water conservation Organized by CARE Ethiopia. Habro West Hararhge.
22- 24 August 2001: Gender Planning Training Workshop. WFP counterparts. Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
1-2 Oct 1997. 1st National workshop on Local Level Participatory Planning and Food for rehabilitation and development
of Rural lands MOA/WFP project ETH2488/III, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
IV. Work Experience
1. July 2003–Dec. 2009, productive conservation and Agricultural Field Officer at OSHO local Ngo, Shashemane.
Duties and Responsibilities
Designing, Implementing of small scale Irrigation, Developing and Rehabilitation of Rural water Supply to the project
area,
Ensures that the productive conservation activities in the project area are being implemented in a timely manner and
are in accordance with the overall objectives and strategies of the respective project,
In the consultation with the project manager, prepares annual plan and budget for project output,
Prepare monthly, quarterly, and annually plan and reports on the activities and submit to the project office,
Coordinate and follow up the overall project activities in the project area,
Regularly monitoring Project activities and work of the field staff through regular field visits and takes timely corrective
measures,
110
Provide training to community, project staff, line department and other stakeholder on natural resources
conservations, management and development.
2. June 2002 to July 2003 after decentralization, team leader of natural resources and LLPP project coordinator at
Chiro district (West Hararghe Zone).
Implementing Project Activities Such as Soil water conservation measures, Rural water supply and sanitation (spring
development and water point development, Pond construction, different water harvesting structures),
3. 1996 to June 2002. Land use Planning and Environmental protection Team Leader and LLPP project coordinator of
West Hararghe Zone agricultural Development Department.
Instruct and supervising construction of soil and water conservation structures, demonstrating irrigation and rural
water supply development,
4. 1995-1996. Dobba district Agricultural Development office (West Hararghe agricultural Development Department).
Implementing the district Agriculture budget as ear tagged according its plan for different team/sections
Organizing monthly, quarterly, Midyear and annual meeting of the district Agricultural staffs,
Solving the district problems together with other line offices and district administration as decision maker in the
district,
5. 1993-1995. Soil and conservation expert and LLPP project coordinator of Natural Resource Conservation and
Environmental protection office of Dobba district (Natural Resource Conservation and Environmental protection office
of West Hararghe Zone).
Implementing of all natural resources conservations measures (such as physical and biological SWC measures,
Agronomic SWC measures ,Forestry development measures etc., rural water supply such as (spring development pond
construction) and rural infrastructures at project sites and all over the district at the grass root level of the community,
Initiating local community to create their own asset from WFP assisted project,
Supervising the way of grain and oil (food items) distributions to the farmers by storekeeper,
Supervise the way how storekeeper handle and manage food items donated by WFP and other donors,
Controlling and handling and managing all over inputs (food items, finance, materials donated and others) the project
activities,
Preparing the payment formats for distribution of food items for the farmers.
V. PUBLICATIONS
1. Assessment of Water Balance of Lake Ziway and Its Temporal Variation Due to Water Abstraction. M.Sc. Thesis
Research submitted to Haromay University .
2. Climatic change implication on Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia (In case of Lake Ziway) Paper presented at Haramaya
University, Sep 2009.
3. Swell and Expansive Soils implication to Irrigation, drainage, soil and Water conservation and Mechanization. Paper
presented at Haramaya University, Sep 2009.
4. Reasons for Failers and Success of Siol and Water Conservation in West Hararghe. Paper presented on Zonal
Agricultural development of west Hararaghe Zone, Feb 2001.
VI. Other Experiences
Good knowledge of Computer applications:
All Microsoft office such as Word, Excel, Power point, publisher, access , outlook express, GIS, AutoCAD and other
Programs,
Internet explorer, video and photo editing, working with DVD maker.
Good knowledge and experience in Remote Sensing and GIS (principles and Applications)
Expertise Details
Personal Data: Name - Tamene Fite Duressa (Male), Tele: Mobile (+251)911343326, E-mail:
tamenefite@yahoo.com
111
Educational Back Ground: Higher Level Education: Addis Ababa University with the award of 1 st
degree in Chemistry, diploma in Pharmacy, 2nd degree in Environmental Science and PhD student
on the field of environmental Science at University of South Africa
Summarized Experiences: 16 years of teaching at different Ethiopian high schools, 8 years as
department head, coordinator, laboratory performer; exam committee member and coordinator, 2
years as school principal, 1 year as script writer and radio teacher at Ethiopian educational
broadcasting media, 2 months of training on operation of ICP- AES at National University of
Lesotho (NUL), 3 years as a lecturer at Mada Walabu University (MWU) at College of Health
Science , 2 years as a lecturer and researchers at Adama Science and Technology university at the
Department of Chemistry, 2 years as Head, Department of Environmental Health at Mada Walabu
University, 2 years as Director of Teaching – Learning Enhancement Directorate at Mada walabu
University and a researcher on different topics to date.
Workshops on: Workshop prepared by Addis Ababa EPA water and waste management as a
presenter, PACN Congress on Sustainability in Africa energy, water and waste, Ethiopia., Annual
congress of Chemical Society of Ethiopia (CSE), Annual congress of Chemical Society of Ethiopia
(CSE), at Mekele, March, 2014, Technology Transfer through Industry – University – TVET
Linkage organized bt Adama Science and Technology University, March 15- 16, 2014, at Dire
Hotel, Adama, Ethiopia, Quality management system prepared by Madawalabu University
(MWU), Effective Teaching Skills, Training for health Science instructors organized by Ministry of
Education and Jhpiego Ethiopia, 2010, Bahir Dar, Basic Processing Re- engineering, BPR and
Balanced Score Card, BSC prepared by MWU, 2011. Bale Robe, Community based participatory
Research prepared by MWU, 2011, Bale Robe, Research Proposal Development Methods, by
UNISA, 2010 – 2011, AA, at Ethiopian Management Institute, training on ‘Drug Abuse and Illicit
Trafficking Prevention conducted in the 2003/04, at DACA (Drug Administration and Control
Agency) at A.A., Workshop on ‘finalizing grades 9 and 10 Curriculum Guides and grades 11 and 12
contents for Biology, Chemistry and Physics conducted from April 1 – 10, 1996, , Adama TTI,
Ethiopia
Major Researches Performed and written materials: Comparative Analysis of Iodine Concentration
in Water, Soil, Cereals and Table Salt of Horaboka, Mio and Besaso Towns of Bale Robe, South
East Ethiopia, Assessment of Levels of Lead in Piped Drinking Water of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
using ICP-MS, Extraction, characterization and determination of biofuel potential of oil of Maesa
lanceolata seeds, Extraction, characterization and determination of biofuel potential of oil of
A.mexicana, Research underway: ‘Bioavailability and Environmental Pollution of Heavy Metals
along Mojo River and Lake Koka Receiving Contaminants from Industries in Ethiopia: Implications
for Sustainable Use of Resources, Teaching material for Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology,
Teaching material for Industrial Safety and Quality Control, Training Manual for Environmental
Impact Assessment (EIA) and Legal Control of Pollution, Guiding manual of BPR for Research and
Community Service at Madawalabu University, 2011, Bale Robe, Ethiopia, etc.
112
II Abu Eresso Tufa (Water Resources Engineer)

I. PERSONAL DATA
Name: Abu Eresso Tufa
Date of birth: 15 April 1971 G.C
Place of birth: Arsi province, Qersa District
Marital status: Married, and have two daughters
Gender: Male
Languages proficiency: English fluent
Afaan Oromo (Native)
Amharic (Fluent)
Address: East Shao. P.O. Box 2579,
Adama (Ethipia).
Cell phone: +251923731896
Email: durisiif@gmail.com
113
II. EDUCATION BACK GROUND

2008- 2009: M.Sc. in Irrigation Engineering, Haramaya University,
Major: Irrigation Engineering
Awarded: Degree of Master of Science in Irrigation Engineering
1989- 1993: B.Sc. Arid Zone Soil and water conservation Engineering, Haramaya University,
Major: Soil and Water Conservation.
Minor: hydrology:
Award: Degree of Bachelor Science
Specialization in irrigation Engineering and Hydrology.
Haramay, Ethiopia.
1987-1989 Assalla comprehensive School
Major Natural Science
Award ESLCE CERTAFICATE
Assalla, Ethiopia
III. TRAINING
29 April–May 2003. Training Course on Community facilitation and action planning Organized by
OFSPCO. Adama, Ethiopia.
23–31 Oct. 2002. WFP/MOA awareness workshop and training of trainers on MERET strategic
directions and steps to enhance land rehabilitation, assets creation and Livelihood improvement
initiatives. Adama Ethiopia.
15–26 Jan. 2001: Training on water harvesting and soil conservation for moisture deficit areas in
Ethiopia and improved monitoring and evaluation system for project ETH 2488/04, Dire Dawa,
Ethiopia.
August 27–Sep 1 2001.Training Workshop on Participatory Evaluation for Project ET/2488 (WFP).
Adama Ethiopia.
9–14 March 1998. Training On soil and Water Conservation Organized by CARE Ethiopia. Habro
West Hararhge.
22- 24 August 2001: Gender Planning Training Workshop. WFP counterparts. Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
1-2 Oct 1997. 1st National workshop on Local Level Participatory Planning and Food for
rehabilitation and development of Rural lands MOA/WFP project ETH2488/III, Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia.
IV. Work Experience
1. July 2003–Dec. 2009, productive conservation and Agricultural Field Officer at OSHO local
Ngo, Shashemane.
Designing, implementing of small scale Irrigation, Developing and Rehabilitation of Rural Water
Supply to the project area,
Ensures that the productive conservation activities in the project area are being implemented in a
timely manner and are in accordance with the overall objectives and strategies of the respective
project,
In the consultation with the project manager, prepares annual plan and budget for project output,
Prepare monthly, quarterly, and annually plan and reports on the activities and submit to the project
office,
Coordinate and follow up the overall project activities in the project area,
114
Regularly monitoring Project activities and work of the field staff through regular field visits and
takes timely corrective measures,
Provide training to community, project staff, line department and other stakeholder on natural
resources conservations, management and development.
2. June 2002 to July 2003 after decentralization, team leader of natural resources and LLPP
project coordinator at Chiro district (West Hararghe Zone).
Implementing Project Activities Such as Soil water conservation measures, Rural water supply and
sanitation (spring development and water point development, Pond construction, different water
harvesting structures),
3. 1996 to June 2002. Land use Planning and Environmental Protection Team Leader and LLPP
project coordinator of West Hararghe Zone Agricultural Development Department.
Instruct and supervising construction of soil and water conservation structures, demonstrating
irrigation and rural water supply development,
4. 1995-1996. Dobba district Agricultural Development office (West Hararghe agricultural
Development Department).
Implementing the district Agriculture budget as ear tagged according its plan for different
team/sections
Organizing monthly, quarterly, Midyear and annual meeting of the district Agricultural staffs,
Solving the district problems together with other line offices and district administration as decision
maker in the district,
5. 1993-1995. Soil and conservation expert and LLPP project coordinator of Natural Resource
Conservation and Environmental protection office of Dobba district (Natural Resource
Conservation and Environmental protection office of West Hararghe Zone).
Implementing of all natural resources conservations measures (such as physical and biological SWC
measures, Agronomic SWC measures, Forestry development measures etc., rural water supply such
as (spring development pond construction) and rural infrastructures at project sites and all over the
district at the grass root level of the community,
Initiating local community to create their own asset from WFP assisted project,
Supervising the way of grain and oil (food items) distributions to the farmers by storekeeper,
Supervise the way how storekeeper handle and manage food items donated by WFP and other
donors,
Controlling and handling and managing all over inputs (food items, finance, materials donated and
others) the project activities,
Preparing the payment formats for distribution of food items for the farmers.
V. PUBLICATIONS
1. Assessment of Water Balance of Lake Ziway and Its Temporal Variation Due to Water
Abstraction. M.Sc. Thesis Research submitted to Haromay University .
2. Climatic change implication on Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia (In case of Lake Ziway) Paper
presented at Haramaya University, Sep 2009.
115
3. Swell and Expansive Soils implication to Irrigation, drainage, soil and Water conservation and
Mechanization. Paper presented at Haramaya University, Sep 2009.
4. Reasons for Failers and Success of Siol and Water Conservation in West Hararghe. Paper
presented on Zonal Agricultural development of west Hararaghe Zone, Feb 2001.
VI. Other Experiences
Good knowledge of Computer applications:
All Microsoft office such as Word, Excel, Power point, publisher, access, outlook express,
Good knowledge and experience in GIS and Remote Sensing (principles and Applications),
AutoCAD and other Programs, video and photo editing, working with DVD maker.
iii. Gutama Moroda Gobana (Environmental

Email: gutemor@gmail.com
Key Qualifications:
Narrative summary of the candidate’s experience.
I have been working as Instructor, Researcher/Technologist, doing feasibility study for Modjo Leather City Common
Effluent Treatment Plant Project as local counterpart expert at Leather Industry Development Institute and preparing
Environmental Impact Assessment for different projects (Manufacturing Industries, Mining Industries, Agro-Industries,
Cattle fattening and Abattoir services (including Hawasa City Abattoir) and Asella City Road project sponsored by
World bank as par time with Gtwo Investment and Environmental Consultancy PLC.
Education:
Degree Major School Name City Country Year of Graduation

PhD Environmental AAU and CLRI sandwich Addis Ababa and Ethiopia and
candidate Engineering program Chennai India Expected 2016
Addis Ababa University,
Environmental Addis Ababa Institute of
MSc Engineering Technology Addis Ababa Ethiopia 20Halila
BSc Chemical Engineering Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa Ethiopia 2007
116
Faculty of Technology
(North)
EIA and wastewater Central Leather Research June 03, 2012 to
Certificate treatment technology Institute Chennai India August 02, 2012
Professional Experience:
Year Program Name
G.Two Investment and Environmental Consultancy PLC(as
January 5,20 Halila to today par timer)
Position Title Place of Employment
EIA-Environmental Engineer
Expert Addis Ababa
Country
Ethiopia
Description of position
Preparing detail/partial Environmental Social Impact Assessment, ESIA with team consisting
different professionals for different projects acting as EIA team leader. As a sample I have the
following projects EIA had been approved:
Green Valley Spinning and Terry towers manufacturing plant, Kombolcha
MNS, Milky Teknik Textile Sanayi. Inc , Lega Tafo
Serkaddis Soap and Detergent Manufacturing project, Bishoftu
Akseker Ethiopia Casting PLC, Offa and other animal by product, Modjo
Hawassa Abattoir Service project, Hawassa sponsored by world bank
Passion Agro and Furniture production PLC, Ada’a Woreda
Samuel Garedew Tire Retreading Factory, Gelan
Mehari Amleson Soap Factory, Kofale
Cartridge Remanufacturing and Assembly, Addis Ababa
Addis Ababa Flour Factory, Addis Ababa
ANCONA PLC, Metal ware and aluminum smelting and die casting plant, Gelan
HDPE PP bags, Tubes, Geo-membrane products manufacturing, Asella
Diary and Milk Processing plant, Tefki
Steel billets, reinforcement bars and wire rod manufacturing plant, Bishoftu
Alema Pig fattening farm p, Bishoftu
Ibrahim Mohammed Washed coffee processing Industry, Bukisa
Abayneh Melamine House hold products manufacturing plant, Burayu
Assefa Irrigation Pipe, conduit and fitting Manufacturing plant, Sebeta
Modern Plastic pipes and fittings manufacturing plant, Sebeta
ETHAMCO-LLC, Fruit and vegetable production, Abomsa
Matiket General trading, Foam and Plastic manufacturing plant, Menagasha
Girma Wet coffee pulping plant, West Arsi Zone
Bisrat Fuel station, North Shewa
Legesse Food Complex Factory, Shashamane
Daniel Mesele Pasta Factory, Burayu
Assella Gravel Road project, Assella
Tonner Recycling and Cash register thermal paper manufacturing, Sebeta
Diverting Migira Pond to other side of the Mountain, Assella
Plastic shoe manufacturing, Addis Ababa
Markos Sanitary Pad and Baby Diaper Manufacturing, Addis Ababa
117
Year Program Name

January, 2015to today Noble Consulting PLC
Position Title Place of Employment
Senior Environmental Engineer for Addis Ababa
EIA Expert
Country
Ethiopia
Preparing detail/partial Environmental social Impact Assessment, ESIA with team consisting
different professionals for different projects.
Year Program Name
January 9, 2010 till now Leather Industry Development Institute (LIDI)
Position Title Place of Employee
Researcher/Technologist and Addis Ababa

Environmental Engineering team
coordinator
Country
Ethiopia
I have been working on:
Teaching different course
Preparing teaching materials and hand outs
Giving training for stakeholders
Doing researches on wastewater treatment particularly application of immobilized technology for
wastewater treatment
Assisting tanning industries on solid and wastewater management
Doing on implementation of common effluent treatment plant at Modjo as secretary of the
technical team
Publications:
Language Skill
118
LanguageOralWritten
Amharic Advanced (fluent) Advanced (fluent)
Oromic Advanced (fluent) Advanced (fluent)
English Very good Very good
References
Dr.Ig Nurelegn Tefera (my MSc thesis Advisor)
President, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
Dr.Ing Birhanu Assefa (My local PhD Advisor)
Deputy Scientific Director –Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University
Telephone: (+251) (9Halila)(405491)
Dr.Tasisa Kaba (my teacher)
Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University,
Telephone: (+251)(9Halila)(663765)
1. Personal Data
Name: Hussien Abie Wako
Place of Birth: Arsi zone, Munessa District
Date of birth: 1970 G.C
Sex: Male
Marital Status: Married
Address: Tell 09Halila-84-2157/ 0912-75-17-44
2. Language
-Afan Oromo (Oromo language)
-Amharic
-English
3. Educational Background
3.1 Higher Education
-B.Sc. Degree from Harmaya University of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Economics from 1982
E.C-1985 E.C
3.2 High School
-Asella Comprehensive Secondary School from 1979 E.C-1981 E.C
4. Work experience
4.1 Local Economic Development (LED) Expert, (it is a UNDP Supported Program) at Assella City
Administration from August 16, 2004 E.C till now.
4.2 Monitoring and Evaluation Section Head at Oromia Water Works Construction Enterprise from January
5, 2003 E.C to – August 15, 2004 E.C.
4.3 Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation officer from February 30, 2002 E.C to January 4, 2003 E.C. at
MELCA, a local NGO working on Movement for Ecological Learning and Community Association
4.4 Head, Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation Department at Oromia Land and Environmental Protection
Bureau from April 1,2001 E.C – March 30,2002 E.C
4.5 Head, Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation team at Oromia Environmental Protection Office from
January 1996 E.C- March 30,2001 E.C
4.6 Environmental Economist from September 1,1995 E.C-December 1996 E.C at Oromia Environmental
Protection office
4.7 Socio-economist from April 1, 1993-Augest 30, 1995 E.C at Arsi zone, Agricultural development office,
4.8 Land use Expert from November 15, 1985 –March 30,1993 E.C at Arsi zone Natural Resources
Development and Environmental Protection Department
119
Training Attended
 Obtained training provided on PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal) Provided by GTZ/LUPO
 Data collection and Analysis provided by UNCRD together with Oromia Bureau of Finance and
Economic Development
 Computer Training (Ms word, Excel, Access, Power Point, SPSS)
 Training on Strategic Plan Preparation provided by Federal Environmental Protection Authority
 Trained on Business Plan Preparation, by Addis Ababa city Chamber of commerce
 Trained on Business Communication, by Addis Ababa city Chamber of commerce
 Business Development Service Advisors Training, organized by UNDP
 Entrepreneurship training workshop, organized by UNDP
6. A freelancer consultant
a) Being a freelancer consultant formed by three professional experts, I was employed by Oromia Water Works
Supervision and design enterprise to study and identify the environmental impacts of the Regional master
land use plan which was on preparation by the same office.
b) Prepared with co-professional experts, the five years development Plan of Oromia Region(2007-2010)
organized by Oromia Bureau of Finance and Economic Development(BOFED) since 2007.
c) Conducted the midterm evaluation of the five years development plan of Oromia Region, together with other
technical experts.
d) Conducted the midterm evaluation of the UN supported programs in oromia national region which was
organized by BOFED between April-May 2009.
e) Prepared Strategic plan and Income Generating Activities for a community around Tikur Inchini, that is
supported by Ethiopian wild lives and Natural Resources Conservation Society. In this assignment irrigation
development on 15 ha is selected as one of the feasible activities and intered in implementation
f) Employed by PANAF Consults as a freelancer consultant for data collection analysis and preparation of
wereda Integrated Development Plan document which was to be submitted to World Bank through Ethiopian
Road Authority.
g) Employed by RCWADA, a local NGO working on Rifty valley children and women development and
conducted a socio-economic survey and analysis on the significance of small scale irrigation for 42
households living around Lake Ziway.
h) Employed by Selam Development Association for data collection, analysis and preparation of a community
Development Plan with special referce to small scale irrigation development around Bulbula, west Arsi
zone.
i) I have also an experience of preparing various feasibility study particularly on fruits and vegetables, Milk and
Animal slaughtering and water bottling projects.
7. References
1.Ato Ahmed Yusuf, Deputy Mayor, Asella City Administration

↗ Tell: 0930-06-98-65
2. Ato Siraj Bekali, Head, Former oromia Environmental Protection office
120
↗ Tell: 09Halila-84-44-65
3. Ambassador Abdulmannen Sheka, Ethiopian representative at Swiss
↗ Tell: 0930-10-69-56
121
122
123
GT & HB
Consultancy
GT and HB Consultancy, PLC
ድርጅታችን ጂቲ እና ኤችቢ አማካሪ ኃ/የተ/ የግልማህበር (GT and HB Consultancy, PLC)
በአካባቢ፤ደንና አየር ንብረ ትለውጥ ሚኒስቴር
በአካባቢ ዘርፍ የአካባቢ ተፅዕኖ ጥናት አማካሪ ድርጅት ደረጃ አንድ ማረጋገጫ የተሰጠዉ ሲሆን
ፕሮጄክቶችን በመቅረጽና በማማከር አገልግሎት ላይ ተሰማርቶ በመስራት ላይ ያለ ድርጅት ነወ፡፡
ስልክ 0911343326/0923731896
በዋቀናነት በሚከተሉት ፕሮጄክቶች ዘርፍ ላይ አገልግሎት የመስጠት ብቃት አለዉ፤
 የኢንዱስትሪ ዞን ምስረታ
 የሀይድሮ ፓወር ግድብ ግንበታ (ከፍታ-ከ 15 ሜትር በላይ/ኃይል-ከ 15 ሜጋ ዋት በላይ)
 የመስኖ/የሰብል ልማት (ከ 3000 ሄክታር በላይ)
 የባቡር ግንባታ
 የትራፊ ክፍሰቱ 1000 እና ከዚያ በላይ የሆነ የመንገድ ግንባታ እንዲሁም ነባር መንገዶችን ማስፋፋት/ማሻሻል
 የኬሚካል ማምረቻ ፋብሪክ
 የነዳጅማከ ማቻግንባታ
 የአለም አቀፍ አውሮፕላን ማረፊያ ቦታ ግንባታ
 የነዳጅ እና የወርቅ ማዕድን ማውጣት
 የቆሻሻ ማስወገጃ/ ማከሚያ ግንባታ
 በጥብቅ ስፍራ የሚካሄዱ ልማቶች
 ከ 200 በላይ የሆኑ አባወራዎች የሚፈናቀሉባቸው የልማት ፕሮጀክቶች
 ልውጠ ህያው የሚጠቀሙ ፕሮጀክቶች
 የውጭ ዝሪያዎችን (እንስሳት፣ ዕፅዋት እና ደቂቅዘ አካላት) ከውጭ በማስገባት የሚጠቀሙ ፕሮጀክቶች
 የከርሰ ምድር ውሃ ልማት (ከ 4000 ሜ 3 በላይ/በቀን)
 ዘመናዊ የአሣ እርባታ
 የሥርዓተ-ምህድር አጠቃቀም ለውጥ
በተጨማሪም ፤ በጥናትና ምርምር (በዉሃ፤ በአፈር፤ ወዘተላይ)፤ በወርክሾፕ፤ ሲሚናር፤ ቢዝነስ ፕሮጌክት
ዝግጅት፤ ስልጠና፤ የምርምር ፕሮጄክት ዝግጅት፤ ገበያ ጥናት፤ ወዘተ ላይ አገልግሎት በመስጠት ላይ ነዉ ፡፡
124
Date ______________________________
To: Borana Zone Environmental Protection
Yabelo
Subject: Request for Environmental Clearance
Mr. Abdulrahaman Moammed Amin planned to Construct Three Star Hotlel Project in Oromia
National Regional State, Moyale District Moyale town Meleb Kebele Dosh Village. The promoter
is now ready to establish the project at the specified site to produce wheat flour and different food
items like Macron, Past, biscuit, etc that will fill the demand gap of the local markets.
As one component of the criteria, here, we submitted the project’s Environmental and Social Impact
Assessment report accompanied with this leading letter.
Therefore, we request your good office to provide us clearance letter on environmental impact
assessment that declare the assessment that meets the existing standards.
With best regards,
Abdulrahaman Mohammed
Project Promoters
125
Site Owner ship Certificate
126
127

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ABDULRAHAMAN MOHAMMED AMIN RESORT CONSTRUCTION EIA REPORT

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Location: Oromia National Regional State, Borana Zone, Moyale Worada,

Promoter: Abdulrahaman Mohammed Hamin

3.4.1 Proclamation 299/2002, Environmental Impact Assessment................................................................32

4.10.4 Expected Waste.................................................................................................................................49

6.3.2.2 Market for Goods and Services.....................................................................................................61

6.4.4.8 Air Environment............................................................................................................................76

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONIMS

ATAEPO Moyale Town Administration, Environmental Protection Office

The proponent, Abdulrahaman Mohammed is a newly emerged private company in Moyale to

Baseline Environmental Condition of the Project Area

Urbanization, especially in the developing world, is frequently accompanied by the deterioration

1.2 ESIA STUDY

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY

1.3.2 Specific Objectives

1.5 DETAILS OF THE ESIA PROJECT TEAM

4 Have adverse impacts on traditional practices or agricultural x

2.2.1 Baseline conditions and data establishment

2.2.3 Collection of Available Information

2.2.4 Field Visits

2.2.8 Use of data generated by other Disciplines.

3 POLICE, LEGAL, STRATEGIES AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

3.1 CONSTITUTION OF FDRE

 Recognizes the rights of groups identified as “Nations, Nationalities and Peoples”

3.2.2 Environmental Policy of Ethiopia (EPE)

3.2.2.1 The Guiding Principles of the EPE are:

development of environmental health, rehabilitation of health infrastructures, appropriate health

The policy has as its major goal:

3.3.2 Agricultural Development Strategy Conservation strategy

3.3.3 The Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia (CSE)

income while reducing emissions,

3.4 REGULATIONS, PROCLAMATIONS AND PROCEDURAL GUIDELINES

3.4.1 Proclamation 299/2002, Environmental Impact Assessment

Article 5 describes projects requiring Environmental Impact Assessment as follows:

3.4.2 Proclamation 300/2002, Environmental Pollution Control

3.4.3 Environmental pollution control proclamations No. 300/2002.

3.4.4 Proclamation 513/2007, Solid Waste Management

3.4.7 Labour Proclamation (377/2003)

3.4.10EIA Procedural Guideline, November 2003

Area code Category of Area Limits in DBA

Pollutant units Guideline Values

Table 3: Limit Values for Emissions to Air

3.5.1 National Environmental Institutional

3.5.1.1 Environmental protection Council

3.5.1.2 National Environmental Protection Authority

3.5.2.1 Zonal Environmental Protection Office

3.5.2.2 District Environmental Protection Office

3.5.2.3 Kebele Administration Organ

3.6 REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL MULTILATERAL AGREEMENT.

 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC), 1992: Ethiopia

 UNESCO’s Conventions and Recommendations: Standards for the protection and

4.1 GENERAL BACKGROUND

4.2.1 Project Location

Figer 4.1: Location of the Proposed Site from Google Earth

4.3 PROJECT OBJECTIVE AND JUSTIFICATION

4.6 LAND TENURE, USE, OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT

4.7 PROJECT DESIGN DESCRIPTIONS

4.8.3.1 Sewerage Water

4.8.3.2 Storm Water Drainage

4.8.3.3 Off-Site Drainage

4.8.3.4 On-Site Drainage

4.8.4 Fire Reticulation

4.10 CONSTRUCTION PHASES PROCESS, EQUIPMENT, MATERIALS, WASTES &