Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1. How successful is the technique of cloning adult mammals by implanting DNA into donor eggs?
a. Few embryos survive until birth, and of those that do, many have serious health problems.
b. About half of the embryos survive until birth, but many of these die before adulthood.
c. Of the embryos that survive until birth, health outcomes are predictable.
d. Most embryos survive, but are not able to reproduce as adults.
e. Most embryos survive and lead healthy adult lives.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember
REFERENCES: 8.1 A Hero Dog’s Golden Clones
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.10 - Examine the potential advantages and disadvantages of cloning
organisms.
3. Which structures have the same length, shape, and centromere location?
a. karyotypes
b. histones
c. bacteriophages
d. nucleosomes
e. autosome pairs
ANSWER: e
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember
REFERENCES: 8.4 Eukaryotic Chromosomes
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8. 5 - Determine the structure of DNA.
6. Fred Griffith's experiment, in which he used two strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, demonstrated that _____.
a. pathogenic bacteria function differently in mice than in other organisms
b. harmless bacteria can become transformed into disease-causing bacteria by a bacteria transformation factor
c. pure DNA extracted from disease-causing bacteria transformed harmless strains into killer strains
d. dead cells lose their genetic information
e. DNA is a protein rich in nitrogen and phosphorus
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember
REFERENCES: 8.2 The Discovery of DNA's Function
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.4 - Examine the experiments that proved that DNA carries hereditary
information.
Figure 8.3
Answer the following questions about Griffith’s experiments involving Streptococcus pneumoniae.
7. If an injection to the mouse contains live S strain Streptococcus pneumonia, ____.
a. the mouse will die
b. live R strain will be detected in the mouse's blood
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
Chapter 08 - DNA Structure and Function
9. If an injection to the mouse contains live R strain and heat-killed S strain Streptococcus pneumonia, ____.
a. the mouse will live
b. the mouse will became fatally ill and live S strain bacteria will be detected in its blood
c. the mouse's blood will contain live pathogenic R strain bacteria
d. the dead S strain bacteria will transform to live R strain bacteria
e. DNA from the live R strain bacteria will revive the dead S strain bacteria
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Apply | Evaluate
REFERENCES: 8.2 The Discovery of DNA's Function
PREFACE NAME: Figure 8.3
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.4 - Examine the experiments that proved that DNA carries hereditary
information.
10. Extracts of pathogenic bacteria can transform harmless bacteria to harmful bacteria unless ____ enzymes are added to
the extract.
a. protein transfer
b. mRNA-degrading
c. tRNA-degrading
d. DNA-degrading
e. nucleic transfer
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3
Chapter 08 - DNA Structure and Function
11. Which scientist(s) identified the transforming substance involved in changing harmless (R) bacteria to lethal (S)
bacteria?
a. Avery and McCarty
b. Griffith
c. Chargaff
d. Hershey and Chase
e. Pauling
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember
REFERENCES: 8.2 The Discovery of DNA's Function
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.4 - Examine the experiments that proved that DNA carries hereditary
information.
Figure 8.4
12. The accompanying figure represents the research of which scientist(s)?
a. Delbrück
b. Avery and McCarty
c. Chagraff
d. Luria
e. Hershey and Chase
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4
Chapter 08 - DNA Structure and Function
ANSWER: e
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand
REFERENCES: 8.2 The Discovery of DNA's Function
PREFACE NAME: Figure 8.4
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.4 - Examine the experiments that proved that DNA carries hereditary
information.
13. What is the concept illustrated by the experiment in the accompanying figure?
a. Protein is not the encoding material.
b. Protein cannot enter the host cell.
c. Protein renatures due to radiation.
d. Protein is composed of subunits with phosphate.
e. Protein is composed of subunits with sulfur.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Apply | Evaluate
REFERENCES: 8.2 The Discovery of DNA's Function
PREFACE NAME: Figure 8.4
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.4 - Examine the experiments that proved that DNA carries hereditary
information.
14. The Hershey and Chase experiments, in which radioactive phosphorus (32P) and radioactive sulfur (35S) were used,
demonstrated that ____.
a. DNA labeled with 35S and proteins labeled with 32P can be traced over the course of an experiment
b. DNA labeled with 32P is transferred from the bacteriophage to the virus
c. proteins labeled with 35S become deactivated and unable to be transferred
d. bacteriophages transfer their DNA, not their coat proteins, into their hosts
e. DNA may be the hereditary material, although bacteriophages transfer both DNA and proteins into their hosts
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Apply | Evaluate
REFERENCES: 8.2 The Discovery of DNA's Function
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.4 - Examine the experiments that proved that DNA carries hereditary
information.
15. If a mixture of bacteriophages, some labeled with radioactive sulfur and others labeled with radioactive phosphorus, is
placed in a bacterial culture, the bacteria will eventually contain ____.
a. primarily radioactive sulfur
b. primarily radioactive phosphorus
c. both radioactive sulfur and phosphorus
d. neither radioactive sulfur nor radioactive phosphorus
e. complete viruses with radioactive sulfur coats
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Apply
REFERENCES: 8.2 The Discovery of DNA's Function
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.4 - Examine the experiments that proved that DNA carries hereditary
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5
Chapter 08 - DNA Structure and Function
information.
16. The experiments that clearly distinguished DNA and not protein as the hereditary material were conducted by _____.
a. Pauling
b. Hershey and Chase
c. Griffith
d. Watson and Crick
e. Avery
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember
REFERENCES: 8.2 The Discovery of DNA's Function
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.4 - Examine the experiments that proved that DNA carries hereditary
information.
18. DNA contains all of the following nitrogen-containing bases EXCEPT ____.
a. adenine
b. uracil
c. guanine
d. adenine
e. thymine
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Analyze
REFERENCES: The Discovery of DNA's Structure
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.5 - Determine the structure of DNA
20. ____ discovered the basis for the ____ rule, which states that the amounts of adenine and thymine are identical, as are
the amounts of cytosine and guanine.
a. Avery; base-pair
b. Griffith, double helix
c. Chargaff; base-pair
d. Chase; double helix
e. Pauling; base-pair
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember
REFERENCES: 8.3 The Discovery of DNA's Structure
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.5 - Determine the structure of DNA
21. Which technique did Rosalind Franklin use to determine many aspects of DNA’s structure?
a. transformation
b. transmission electron microscopy
c. density-gradient centrifugation
d. x-ray crystallography
e. chromatography
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember
REFERENCES: 8.3 The Discovery of DNA's Structure
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.5 - Determine the structure of DNA
23. Which discovery was determined about DNA from x-ray diffraction data?
a. DNA is uniform in length.
b. DNA is short and narrow.
c. DNA has a repeating pattern.
d. DNA molecules are flat.
e. DNA molecules are round.
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand
REFERENCES: 8.3 The Discovery of DNA's Structure
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7
Chapter 08 - DNA Structure and Function
24. Each DNA double helix has a backbone that consists of alternating ____.
a. covalent and ionic bonds
b. nitrogen-containing bases
c. hydrogen bonds
d. sugar and phosphate molecules
e. covalent and hydrogen bonds
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember
REFERENCES: 8.3 The Discovery of DNA's Structure
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.5 - Determine the structure of DNA
26. In a 3-D double helix model of DNA, the center consists of ____.
a. deoxyribose sugars
b. hydrogen bonds
c. nucleotide base pairs
d. phosphate groups
e. sugar–phosphate backbones
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember
REFERENCES: 8.3 The Discovery of DNA's Structure
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.5 - Determine the structure of DNA
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.7 - Examine the process of DNA replication using a diagram.
Figure 8.11.
30. The accompanying figure best illustrates ____.
a. DNA repair
b. semiconservative replication
c. the action of the ligases
d. the binding of initiator proteins
e. DNA hybridization
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand
REFERENCES: 8.5 DNA Replication
PREFACE NAME: Figure 8.11
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.7 - Examine the process of DNA replication using a diagram.
32. What characteristic of a species refers to having two of each type of chromosome?
a. autosomal
b. karyotype
c. diploid
d. base-paired
e. helical
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Apply
REFERENCES: 8.4 Eukaryotic Chromosomes
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.6 - Examine the role played by DNA sequence in the diversity of
organisms.
40. Somatic cell nuclear transfer is used to create human embryos for research purposes in ____.
a. embryo cloning
b. embryo splitting
c. therapeutic cloning
d. artificial twinning
e. stem cell cloning
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand
REFERENCES: 8.7 Cloning Adult Animals
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.9 - Outline the different methods of reproductive cloning.
Matching
42. Chargaff
ANSWER: f
43. Franklin
ANSWER: h
46. Wilkins
ANSWER: g
47. Miescher
ANSWER: b
Classification. Answer the following questions in reference to the five nucleotides listed below:
a. guanine
b. cytosine
c. pyrimidine
d. thymine
e. uracil
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember
REFERENCES: 8.3 The Discovery of DNA's Structure
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.5 - Determine the structure of DNA
49. Erwin Chargaff's data indicates that within a species, the amount of adenine is always equal to the amount of this
nucleotide.
ANSWER: d
50. This nucleotide is not incorporated into the structure of the DNA helix.
ANSWER: e
52. If one chain of a DNA molecule has a purine at a given position, this nucleotide complements it on the other chain.
ANSWER: c
53. Three hydrogen bonds connect guanine to __________ in the DNA molecule.
ANSWER: b
Completion
54. Experiments with bacteria and ____________________ offered solid evidence that deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), not
protein, is the hereditary material.
ANSWER: bacteriophages
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember
REFERENCES: 8.2 The Discovery of DNA's Function
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 14
Chapter 08 - DNA Structure and Function
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.4 - Examine the experiments that proved that DNA carries hereditary
information.
55. A free nucleotide has a five carbon sugar (deoxyribose), ____________________ phosphate group(s), and one of four
nitrogen-containing bases.
ANSWER: one; 1
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember
REFERENCES: 8.3 The Discovery of DNA's Structure
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.5 - Determine the structure of DNA
Essay
59. A bacterium undergoes four rounds of replication. How many cells would result, and how many of those cells would
still have part of an original DNA strand from the starting bacterium?
ANSWER: After four rounds of replication there would be 16 cells. Of those 16 cells, only two would
have an original DNA strand.
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember
REFERENCES: 8.5 DNA Replication
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.7 - Examine the process of DNA replication using a diagram.
60. Does reproductive cloning always involve somatic cell nuclear transfer?
ANSWER: No, there are various reproductive interventions available that produce genetically identical
individuals. One example is embryo splitting which occurs naturally in the case of identical
twins, but can also be done by technicians teasing the embryo apart from an early,
multicellular stage. However, to clone an adult animal, SCNT would be necessary.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 15
Chapter 08 - DNA Structure and Function