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Developmental Mathematics 3rd Edition Martin Gay Solutions Manual
Developmental Mathematics 3rd Edition Martin Gay Solutions Manual
5. The height of the bar for 80−89 is 12, so 12 2. A pictograph is a graph in which pictures or
students scored 80−89 on the test. symbols are used to visually present data.
6. The height of the bar for 40−49 is 1, for 50−59 is 3. A line graph displays information with a line that
3, for 60−69 is 2, for 70−79 is 10. So, connects data points.
1 + 3 + 2 + 10 = 16 students scored less than 80
on the test.
4. A histogram is a special bar graph in which the width of each bar represents a class interval and the height of each
bar represents the class frequency.
5. Count the number of symbols and multiply this number by how much each symbol stands for (from the key).
6. A bar graph lets you visually see and compare the data.
2. Colorado and Washington have the (same) least number of wheat symbols, so the least amount of wheat acreage
was planted in the states of Colorado and Washington.
4. Kansas is represented by 9.5 wheat symbols, and each symbol represents 1 million acres, so there were
approximately 9.5(1 million) = 9.5 million or 9,500,000 acres of wheat planted in Kansas.
6 million
6. Each wheat symbol represents 1 million acres, so find the state that has = 6 wheat symbols. Texas and
1 million
North Dakota have 6 wheat symbols, so they each have about 6,000,000 acres of wheat.
8. Oklahoma is represented by 5.5 wheat symbols and Washington is represented by 2 wheat symbols. Oklahoma
has 5.5 − 2 = 3.5 more wheat symbols than Washington, so 3.5 million or 3,500,000 more acres of wheat were
planted in Oklahoma.
10. 2006 has 8 flames and each flame represents 12,000 wildfires, so there were approximately
8(12,000) = 96,000 wildfires in 2006.
72, 000
12. Since each flame represents 12,000 wildfires, look for the years that have more than = 6 flames. The
12, 000
years 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009 had more than 72,000 wildfires.
14. 2006 has 8 flames and 2012 has 5.5 flames, which is 2.5 fewer. Thus, the decrease in the number of wildfires
from 2006 to 2012 was 2.5(12,000) = 30,000.
18. The shortest bar corresponds to November, so the month in which the fewest hurricanes made landfall is
November.
20. The length of the bar for September is 104, so approximately 104 hurricanes made landfall in September.
1
22. One of 51 hurricanes made landfall in October 2012. The percent is ≈ 0.0196 or about 2%.
51
24. The bar between 26 million and 27 million corresponds to Jakarta, Indonesia, and the length of the bar is about
26.4 million. So the city whose population is between 26 million and 27 million is Jakarta, Indonesia and its
population is about 26.4 million or 26,400,000.
26. The two bars that are approximately the same length correspond to Delhi, India and Mexico City, Mexico. Thus,
Mexico City, Mexico and Delhi, India are the two cities whose populations are approximately the same.
28. The bar corresponding to Guangzhou, China has length 31.8 and the bar corresponding to Karachi, Pakistan has
length 22.8. Thus, the population of Guangzhou, China is about 31.8 − 22.8 ≈ 9 million or 9,000,000 larger than
that of Karachi, Pakistan.
30.
32.
34. The height of the bar for 200−249 miles per week is 9, so 9 of the adults drive 200−249 miles per week.
36. 9 of the adults drive 200−249 miles per week and 21 of the adults drive 250−299 miles per week, so
9 + 21 = 30 of the adults drive 200 miles or more per week.
38. 9 of the adults drive 150−199 miles per week and 9 of the adults drive 200−249 miles per week, so 9 + 9 = 18 of
the adults drive 150−249 miles per week.
40. 29 of the adults drive 0−49 miles per week and 17 of the adults drive 50−99 miles per week, so 29 − 17 = 12 more
adults drive 0−49 miles per week than 50−99 miles per week.
17
42. 17 of the 100 adults surveyed drive 50−99 miles per week, so the ratio is .
100
44. The shortest bar in the histogram represents the 85 plus age range, so the 85 plus age range will be the smallest
population group in 2020.
50. The population of 20-to-44 year olds is expected 70. Since the point corresponding to 2009 is greater
to be 109 million and the population of than the point corresponding to 2008, the total
45-to-64 year olds is expected to be 84 million, score in the Super Bowl increased between 2008
so 109 – 84 = 25 million more 20-to-44 year and 2009.
olds are expected to be there than 45-64 year
olds in 2020. 72. 45% of 120 is 0.45 ⋅ 120 = 54.
58. $300−$399 |||| 4 84. The difference between the graphs is the least for
Friday. The high temperature was 76°F and the
60. $500−$599 | 1 low temperature was 70°F, so the difference is
76 − 70 = 6°F.
30. 25 = 5 ⋅ 5 = 52
32. 16 = 4 ⋅ 4 = 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 = 24
34. 105 = 3 ⋅ 35 = 3 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 7
40. Arctic Ocean: 8. There are 4 dams whose bars extend above the
4% ⋅ 264, 489, 800 = 0.04 ⋅ 264, 489, 800 700 foot level on the graph, namely Oroville,
= 10, 579, 592 square Hoover, Dworshak, and Glen Canyon.
kilometers
9. The highest points on the graph correspond to
42. 59.8% ⋅ 2800 = 0.598 ⋅ 2800 ≈ 1674 respondents Thursday and Saturday. The high temperature on
those days was about 100°F.
44. 59.8% + 18.7% = 78.5%
0.785 ⋅ 2800 = 2198 respondents 10. The lowest point on the graph corresponds to
Monday. The high temperature on Monday was
percent of respondents who spend $0-$15 about 82°F.
46.
percent of respondents who spend $15-$175 11. The high temperature was below 90°F on
21.5 Sunday, Monday, and Tuesday.
=
59.8
21.5 ⋅10 12. The high temperature was above 90°F on
=
59.8 ⋅10 Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, and Saturday.
215
= 13. Whole milk accounts for 35% of the milk
598
consumed.
48. true; answers may vary 35% of 200 quarts = 0.35 ⋅ 200 quarts
= 70 quarts
Integrated Review About 70 quart containers of whole milk are sold
per week.
1. Registered nurses has 14 figures and each figure
represents 50,000 workers. Thus, the increase in 14. Skim milk accounts for 26% of the milk
the number of registered nurses is projected to be consumed.
14(50,000) = 700,000. 26% of 200 quarts = 0.26 ⋅ 200 quarts
= 52 quarts
2. General office clerks has 10 figures and each
About 52 quart containers of skim milk are sold
figure represents 50,000 workers. Thus the
per week.
increase in the number of general office clerks is
projected to be 10(50,000) = 500,000.
15. Buttermilk accounts for 1% of the milk
consumed.
3. Registered nurses, retail salespersons, and home
health aides each have 14 figures, so these 1% of 200 quarts = 0.01 ⋅ 200 quarts
occupations are projected to have approximately = 2 quarts
the same increase between the years shown. About 2 quart containers of buttermilk are sold
per week.
4. Food workers has the least number of figures, so
the least increase is expected for food workers. 16. Flavored reduced fat and skim milk accounts for
3% of the milk consumed.
5. The tallest bar corresponds to the Oroville dam. 3% of 200 quarts = 0.03 ⋅ 200 quarts
Its height is about 755 feet. = 6 quarts
About 6 quart containers of flavored reduced fat
6. The only bar whose top is between the 625 and
and skim milk are sold per week.
650 foot levels is the one for the New Bullards
Bar dam. Its height is about 635 feet.
21. Class Class Frequency 3. The mean (or average) of a set of number items
Interval Tally (Number of sum of items
is .
(Scores) Quizzes) number of items
90−99 |||| 5
4. The median of a set of numbers is the middle
number. If the number of numbers is even, it is
the mean (or average) of the two middle
22.
numbers.
45 + 36 + 28 + 46 + 52 207
2. Mean: = = 41.4
5 5
Median: Write the numbers in order:
28, 36, 45, 46, 52
The middle number is 45.
Mode: There is no mode, since each number occurs once.
10. Because the numbers are in numerical order, the median height is the middle number (of the top 5), 1667 feet.
2717 + 1972 + 1667 + 1614 + 1588 + 1483 + 1483 + 1476 14, 000
12. Mean: = = 1750 feet
8 8
1 ⋅1 + 0 ⋅1 + 2 ⋅ 4 + 3 ⋅ 5 24
16. gpa = = ≈ 2.18
1+1+ 4 + 5 11
3 ⋅ 2 + 3 ⋅ 2 + 2 ⋅ 3 + 4 ⋅ 3 + 3 ⋅ 3 39
18. gpa = = = 3.0
2+ 2+3+3+3 13
Exercise Set 7.4 18. Five of the six possible outcomes are less than 6.
5
a The probability is .
e 6
1 i
o
u 20. A 3 is one of three possible outcomes. The
2. a
10 outcomes 1
e probability is .
2 i 3
o
u 22. Not 3 is a 1 or a 2, which are two of three
2
1 possible outcomes. The probability is .
4. 2
4 outcomes
3
3
4
24. An even number is a 2, which is one of three
Red 1
Red Blue possible outcomes. The probability is .
Yellow 3
Red
6. Blue Blue 9 outcomes 26. One of the seven marbles is blue. The probability
Yellow 1
Red is .
Yellow Blue 7
Yellow
28. Three of the seven marbles are green. The
Red
1 Blue 3
Yellow
probability is .
7
Red
2 Blue
8. Yellow 30. Three of the seven marbles are either blue or
12 outcomes
Red 3
3 Blue yellow. The probability is .
Yellow 7
Red
4 Blue 32. The blood pressure was lower for 152 of the
Yellow
152 19
200 people. The probability is = .
H 200 25
Red
T
38 152 10 200
10. Blue
H
6 outcomes 34. + + = = 1; answers may vary
T
200 200 200 200
H
Yellow 7 2 7 2 2 7 4 7−4 3
T 36. − = − ⋅ = − = =
10 5 10 5 2 10 10 10 10
12. A 9 is zero of the six possible outcomes. The
7 2 7 5 7⋅5 7⋅5 7 3
0 38. ÷ = ⋅ = = = or 1
probability is = 0. 10 5 10 2 10 ⋅ 2 5 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 4 4
6
3 3 10 3 ⋅10 3 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 2 6
14. A 2 or a 3 are two of the six possible outcomes. 40. ⋅10 = ⋅ = = = =6
2 1 5 5 1 5 ⋅1 5 ⋅1 1
The probability is = .
6 3
42. One of the 52 cards is the 10 of spades. The
16. Three of the six possible outcomes are odd. The 1
probability is .
3 1 52
probability is = .
6 2
44. Four of the 52 cards are 10s. The probability is Tree diagram for 50.−52.
Die 2 Sum
4 1
= . Die 1 1 2
52 13 2 3
1
3 4
46. Thirteen of the 52 cards are clubs. The
4 5
13 1
probability is = . 5 6
52 4
6 7
1 4
2 5
3
3 6
4 7
5 8
6 9
1 5
2 6
3 7
4 4 8
5 9
6 10
1 6
2 7
3 8
5 4 9
5 10
6 11
1 7
2 8
3 9
6 4 10
5 11
6 12
36 outcomes
1
52. One of the 36 sums is 2. The probability is .
36
54. answers may vary 3. South has the greatest number of houses, so the
most new homes were constructed in the South.
Chapter 7 Vocabulary Check
4. Northeast has the least number of houses, so the
1. A bar graph presents data using vertical or fewest new homes were constructed in the
horizontal bars. Northeast.
2. The mean of a set of number items is 5. Each house represents 500,000 homes, so look
sum of items 3, 000, 000
. for the regions with = 6 or more
number of items 500, 000
houses. The South had 3,000,000 or more new
3. The possible results of an experiment are the homes constructed.
outcomes.
6. Each house represents 500,000 homes, so look
4. A pictograph is a graph in which pictures or for the regions with fewer than
symbols are used to visually present data. 3, 000, 000
= 6 houses. The Northeast, West,
5. The mode of a set of numbers is the number that 500, 000
occurs most often. and Midwest had fewer than 3,000,000 new
homes constructed.
6. A line graph displays information with a line that
connects data points. 7. The height of the bar representing 1972 is 12.
Thus, approximately 12% of persons had
7. The median of an ordered set of numbers is the completed four or more years of college in 1972.
middle number.
8. The tallest bar corresponds to 2012. Thus, the
8. A tree diagram is one way to picture and count greatest percent of persons completing four or
outcomes. more years of college was in 2012.
9. An experiment is an activity being considered, 9. The bars whose height is at a level of 20 or more
such as tossing a coin or rolling a die. are 1992, 2002, and 2012. Thus, 20% or more
persons had completed four or more years of
10. In a circle graph, each section (shaped like a college in 1992, 2002, and 2012.
piece of pie) shows a category and the relative
size of the category. 10. answers may vary
11. The probability of an event is 11. The point on the graph corresponding to 2012 is
number of ways that the event can occur about 962. Thus, there were approximately
. 962 medals awarded at the Summer Olympics in
number of possible outcomes
2012.
12. A histogram is a special bar graph in which the 12. The point on the graph corresponding to 2000 is
width of each bar represents a class interval and about 927. Thus, there were approximately
the height of each bar represents the class 927 medals awarded at the Summer Olympics in
frequency. 2000.
Chapter 7 Review 13. The points on the graph corresponding to 2000
and 2004 are at the same level, so the number of
1. Midwest has 2.5 houses, and each house medals awarded at the Summer Olympics were
represents 500,000 homes, so there were the same in 2000 and 2004.
2.5(500,000) = 1,250,000 new homes
constructed in the Midwest. 14. The points on the graph corresponding to 1996
and 2000 are the farthest apart, so the number of
2. West has 3 houses, and each house represents medals awarded at the Summer Olympics
500,000 homes, so there were changed the most from 1996 to 2000.
3(500,000) = 1,500,000 new homes constructed
in the West.
15. The points on the graph corresponding to 1996 27. Add the amounts for mortgage payment and
and 1992 are 842 and 815, respectively. Thus, utilities. Thus, $975 + $250 = $1225 is budgeted
there were 842 − 815 = 27 more medals awarded for the mortgage payment and utilities.
in 1996 than in 1992.
28. Add the amounts for savings and contributions.
16. The points on the graph corresponding to 2012 Thus, $400 + $300 = $700 is budgeted for
and 1996 are 962 and 842, respectively. Thus, savings and contributions.
there were 962 − 842 = 120 more medals
awarded in 2012 than in 1996. mortgage payment $975 39 ⋅ 25 39
29. = = =
total $4000 160 ⋅ 25 160
17. The height of the bar corresponding to 41−45 is 39
1. Thus, 1 employee works 41−45 hours per The ratio is .
week. 160
18. The height of the bar corresponding to 21−25 is food $700 7 ⋅100 7
30. = = =
4. Thus, 4 employees work 21−25 hours per total $4000 40 ⋅100 40
week. 7
The ratio is .
19. Add the heights of the bars corresponding to 40
16−20, 21−25, and 26−30. Thus, 31. The sector corresponding to Asia is 46.2%.
6 + 4 + 8 = 18 employees work 30 hours or less
46.2% of 65 = 0.462 ⋅ 65 ≈ 30
per week.
Thus, 30 tall buildings were located in Asia.
20. Add the heights of the bars corresponding to
32. The sector corresponding to North America is
36−40 and 41−45. Thus, 8 + 1 = 9 employees 18.5%.
work 36 or more hours per week.
18.5% of 65 = 0.185 ⋅ 65 ≈ 12
Thus, 12 tall buildings were located in North
Class Interval Class America.
(Temperatures) Tally Frequency
(Number of 33. The sector corresponding to the Middle East is
Months) 32.3%
21. 5 32.3% of 65 = 0.323 ⋅ 65 ≈ 21
80°−89° |||| Thus, 21 tall buildings were located in the
Middle East.
22. 90°−99° ||| 3
34. The sector corresponding to Europe is 1.5%.
23. 100°−109° |||| 4 1.5% of 65 = 0.015 ⋅ 65 ≈ 1
Thus, 1 tall building was located in Europe.
24. 13 + 23 + 33 + 14 + 6 89
35. Mean: = = 17.8
5 5
Median: Write the numbers in order.
6, 13, 14, 23, 33
The middle number is 14.
Mode: There is no mode, since each number
occurs once.
36. Mean:
45 + 86 + 21 + 60 + 86 + 64 + 45 407
= ≈ 58.1
25. The largest sector corresponds to the category 7 7
“Mortgage payment,” thus the largest budget Median: Write the numbers in order.
item is mortgage payment. 21, 45, 45, 60, 64, 86, 86
The middle number is 60.
26. The smallest sector corresponds to the category Mode: 45 and 86 are the mode, since they occur
“Utilities,” thus the smallest budget item is twice each.
utilities.
14, 000 + 20, 000 + 12, 000 + 20, 000 + 36, 000 + 45,000 147, 000
37. Mean: = = 24,500
6 6
Median: Write the numbers in order.
12,000, 14,000, 20,000, 20,000, 36,000, 45,000
20, 000 + 20, 000
The mean of the middle two numbers is = 20, 000.
2
Mode: 20,000 is the mode, since it occurs twice.
560 + 620 + 123 + 400 + 410 + 300 + 400 + 780 + 430 + 450 4473
38. Mean: = = 447.3
10 10
Median: Write the numbers in order.
123, 300, 400, 400, 410, 430, 450, 560, 620, 780
410 + 430 840
The mean of the middle two numbers is = = 420.
2 2
Mode: 400 is the mode, since it occurs twice.
4 ⋅ 3 + 4 ⋅ 3 + 2 ⋅ 2 + 3 ⋅ 3 + 2 ⋅1 39
39. GPA = = = 3.25
3 + 3 + 2 + 3 +1 12
3 ⋅ 3 + 3 ⋅ 4 + 2 ⋅ 2 + 1⋅ 2 + 3 ⋅ 3 36
40. GPA = = ≈ 2.57
3+ 4+ 2+ 2+3 14
1
2
H 3
4
5
41. 1
10 outcomes
2
T 3
4
5
H
Red
T
42. 4 outcomes
H
Blue
T
2 1
= .
58. There are 2 blue marbles in a bag of 8 marbles, so the probability of choosing a blue marble is 8 4
3
59. There are 3 yellow marbles in a bag of 8 marbles, so the probability of choosing a yellow marble is .
8
2 1
60. There are 2 red marbles in a bag of 8 marbles, so the probability of choosing a red marble is = .
8 4
1
61. There is 1 green marble in a bag of 8 marbles, so the probability of choosing a green marble is .
8
Chapter 7 Test
1
1. There are 4 dollar symbols for the second week. Each dollar symbol corresponds to $50.
2
1 9 $450
4 ⋅ $50 = ⋅ $50 = = $225
2 2 2
$225 was collected during the second week.
2. Week 3 has more dollar symbols than any other week, so the most money was collected during week 3. There are
7 symbols for week 3, each representing $50, so the amount collected in week 3 was 7 ⋅ $50 = $350.
3. The number of dollar symbols for all 5 weeks is 3 + 4.5 + 7 + 5.5 + 2 = 22. Each symbol represents $50, so the
total amount collected was 22 ⋅ $50 = $1100.
4. The bars for June, August, and September extend above the 9 cm level, so the normal amount of precipitation is
more than 9 cm during those months.
5. The shortest bar corresponds to February. The normal monthly precipitation in February in Chicago is
3 centimeters.
6. The tops of the bars for March and November are at the 7 cm level, so 7 cm of precipitation normally occurs in
those months.
7.
8. The point on the graph corresponding to 2011 is at about 3.0. Thus, the annual inflation rate in 2011 was about
3.0%.
9. The line graph is above the 3 level for 2004, 2005, and 2007. Thus the inflation rate was greater than 3% in 2004,
2005, and 2007.
10. Look for the sets of years where the line graph is increasing. During the sets 2003–2004, 2004–2005, 2006−2007,
2008−2009, and 2010–2011, the inflation rate was increasing.
85 17
11. 85 of the 200 people prefer rock music, so the ratio is = .
200 40
62 31
12. 62 people prefer country music, and 44 prefer jazz, so the ratio is = .
44 22
15. The top of the bar marked 5'8" − 5'11" is halfway between the levels marked 8 and 10, so 9 students are
5'8" − 5'11" tall.
16. 5 students are 5'0" − 5'3" tall and 6 students are 5' 4" − 5'7" tall, so 5 + 6 = 11 students are 5'7" or shorter.
22. Red
17. Class Class Frequency Blue
Red
Interval (Number of Green
(Scores) Tally Students) Yellow
Red
40−49 ⎥ 1 Blue Blue
Green
50−59 ⎥⎥⎥ 3 Yellow
Red
60−69 ⎥⎥⎥⎥ 4 Green Blue
Green
Yellow
70−79 |||| 5
Red
Blue
Yellow
80−89 8 Green
|||| ||| Yellow
16 outcomes
90−99 ⎥⎥⎥⎥ 4
23. H
H
18. T
H
T
T
4 outcomes
1 1 16 17 2 ⋅ 8 ⋅17 34 1 373 R 24
6. 5 ⋅ 2 = ⋅ = = = 11
3 8 3 8 3⋅8 3 3 14. 28 10468
−84
1 1 206
7. A = ⋅ b ⋅ h = ⋅ 5.6 ft ⋅ 3 ft = 8.4 sq ft −196
2 2
108
−84
8. P = 2 ⋅ l + 2 ⋅ w
24
⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞
= 2 ⋅ ⎜ 3 m ⎟ + 2 ⋅ ⎜1 m ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 15. 187
= 7 m+3 m × 33
= 10 m 561
5610
9. a. 12 − 9 = 3 6171
Check: 3 + 9 = 12 The total cost is $6171.
b. 22 − 7 = 15 16. The total length is
Check: 15 + 7 = 22 21
4800
c. 35 − 35 = 0 3270
Check: 0 + 35 = 35 2761
+ 5760
d. 70 − 0 = 70 16591
Check: 70 + 0 = 70 16,591 feet
10. a. 20 ⋅ 0 = 0 5
17. 3 15
b. 20 ⋅ 1 = 20
3 45
c. 0 ⋅ 20 = 0
45 = 3 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 5 = 32 ⋅ 5
d. 1 ⋅ 20 = 20
18. 64 = 8, since 8 ⋅ 8 = 64.
11. To round 248,982 to the nearest hundred, notice
that the digit in the tens place is 8. Since this 19. 4.6% = 4.6 ⋅ 0.01 = 0.046
digit is at least 5, we add 1 to the digit in the
hundreds place. 248,982 rounded to the nearest 20. 0.29% = 0.29 ⋅ 0.01 = 0.0029
hundred is 249,000.
21. 190% = 190 ⋅ 0.01 = 1.9
12. To round 248,982 to the nearest thousand, notice
that the digit in the hundreds place is 9. Since 22. 452% = 452 ⋅ 0.01 = 4.52
this digit is at least 5, we add 1 to the digit in the
thousands place. 248,982 rounded to the nearest 1 40 20 ⋅ 2 2
thousand is 249,000. 23. 40% = 40 ⋅ = = =
100 100 20 ⋅ 5 5
13. a. 25
1 27
× 8 24. 27% = 27 ⋅ =
200 100 100
b. 246 1 1 1 100 1 1
25. 33 % = 33 ⋅ = ⋅ =
× 5 3 3 100 3 100 3
1230
1 1 1 428 1 428 107
26. 61 % = 61 ⋅ = ⋅ = =
7 7 100 7 100 700 175
27. Let n be the unknown percent. 34. The supplement of a 48° angle has measure
5 = n ⋅ 20 180° − 48° = 132°.