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Hematology Lec 1
Hematology Lec 1
1.) Hematology
a.) Branch of medicine that deals with
the study of blood, its composition,
function of the blood cells, the
morphology and physiology of
blood cells, and diseases or
disorders related to blood
b.) Hema / Haima / Hemato - “Blood”
c.) Logy / Logos - “Study of”
2.) History of Clinical Hematology
a.) Athanasius Kircher (1657)
i.) Known for his work on
Scrutinium Pestis
ii.) During the 17th century, a
part of the world b.) Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1674)
(particularly Europe) i.) Dutch
experienced the Bubonic ii.) Known for his work on
plague single lens microscope
(1) Bubonic plague iii.) He was interested in
was caused by a obtaining samples from the
bacterium environment (e.g. rain
iii.) 1646 water, pond water, etc.)
(1) Using a iv.) He used the single lens
microscope, he microscope to look at these
obtained samples samples and that is where
from the plague he observed the
victims single-celled
iv.) 1658 microorganisms which are
(1) Through his work the protozoa for the first
“Scrutinium Pestis” time
he found out that v.) His single lens microscope
“little worms” or paved the way for more
“animalcules” in the development in
blood samples of microscopes
the victims Picture of Anton van Leeuwenhoek:
(2) He concluded that
there must be
something that is
causing the disease
(3) The information
and observations
of Kircher was
noted in his work
“Scrutinium Pestis”
v.) Proposed hygienic
measures, isolation,
quarantine, burning clothes
worn by the infected, and
wearing facemasks
Picture of Athanasius Kircher: c.) Giulio Bizzozero (late 1800’s)
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i.) Italian pathologist (1) Useful in
ii.) Discovered: differentiating
(1) H. pylori leukocytes in blood
(2) Function of (2) The Wright stain is
platelets actually a
iii.) He observed circulating modification of the
blood of living animals and Romanowsky stain
also blood that were v.) Also known for his
removed from the blood discovery of the origin of
vessels platelets
(1) There he noticed (1) He identified that
platelets and platelets originated
carefully described from
the function of megakaryocytes
platelets in the (2) Won the Boylston
flowing conditions. Medical Prize in
And also the 1908 for his
relationship discovery on the
between the origin of platelets
platelet adhesion, vi.) Other contributions
platelet (1) He was able to
aggregation, and demonstrate
fibrin formation spirochetes in the
Picture of Giulio Bizzozero: sample
(a) Spirochete
s are spiral
bacteria
(b) He saw this
in a patient
with
Syphilitic
aneurysm
(2)
Picture of James Homer Wright:
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waste products
from other tissues
Picture of Arterial vs Venous blood:
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i.) Beneath, under
ii.) Deficient, decreased
m.) Iso-
i.) Equal, alike
ii.) Same
iii.) E.g. Isotonic solution
n.) Leuko-
i.) White
ii.) E.g. Leukocyte (white cell)
o.) Macro-
i.) Large
ii.) Long
iii.) E.g. Macrophage
p.) Mal-
c.) Ante-
i.) Bad, abnormal
i.) Before
ii.) E.g. Malabsorption,
ii.) E.g. Ante-mortem (before
Malformation
death)
q.) Mega-
d.) Brady-
i.) Large
i.) Slow
ii.) Giant
ii.) E.g. Bradycardia (slow heart
iii.) E.g. Megakaryocyte,
rate)
Megaloblast
e.) Cyto-
r.) Meta-
i.) Cell
i.) After, next
ii.) E.g. Cytology
ii.) Change
f.) Dia-
iii.) E.g. Metaplasia
i.) Through, throughout,
(transformation from 1
during, across
adult cell type to another)
ii.) E.g. Dialysis (removal of
s.) Mono-
waste in the blood
i.) One
THROUGH a machine),
ii.) E.g. Monocyte
Diagnosis
t.) Morph-
g.) Dys-
i.) Shape or form
i.) Abnormal
ii.) E.g. Morphology
ii.) Difficult, bad
u.) Myel(o)-
iii.) Pain
i.) From the BM or Spinal cord
iv.) E.g. Dysplasia (abnormal
ii.) E.g. Myelogenous (refers to
development), Dysuria
a condition or disease of
(pain in urination)
the blood-forming cells in
h.) Erythro-
the BM), Myeloma
i.) Red
(malignant cancer of
ii.) E.g. Erythrocyte (red cell)
plasma cells)
i.) Ferr-
v.) Pan-
i.) Iron
i.) All, overall
j.) Hemo-
ii.) All-inclusive
i.) Pertaining to blood
iii.) E.g. Pancytopenia
k.) Hyper-
(condition where all blood
i.) Above, beyond
cells (RBC, WBC, Plt) are
ii.) Extreme
decreased in number) (is a
iii.) E.g. Hyperchromic
hematologic characteristic
(increased red color
of Aplastic Anemia)
intensity = increased
w.) Phleb-
hemoglobin)
i.) Vein
l.) Hypo-
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ii.) E.g. Phlebotomy, Phlebitis aa.) Scler-
(inflammation of veins) i.) Hard
x.) Phago- ii.) E.g. Sclerotic
i.) Eat bb.) Splen-
ii.) Ingest i.) Spleen
iii.) E.g. Phagocytosis ii.) E.g. Splenectomy (removal
y.) Poikilo- of spleen)
i.) Varied cc.) Thromb(o)-
ii.) Irregular i.) Clot
iii.) Sometimes is associated ii.) Thrombus
with Anisocytosis and is iii.) E.g. Thrombosis
also sometimes confused dd.) Xanth-
with it i.) Yellow
(1) Poikilocytosis is the 7.) Common suffixes used in the vocabulary of
abnormal variation Hematology:
in shape, unlike a.) -blast
Anisocytosis which i.) Primitive
is the abnormal ii.) E.g. Erythroblast (younger /
variation in size primitive form of RBC),
iv.) E.g. Poikilocytosis Leukoblast
(abnormal variation in b.) -cyte
shape) i.) Cell
Picture of Poikilocytosis: c.) -ectomy
i.) Excision
ii.) Cut out
iii.) E.g. Splenectomy (removal
of spleen)
d.) -emia
i.) Blood
e.) -itis
i.) Inflammation
ii.) E.g. Phlebitis, Appendicitis
f.) -lysis
i.) Destruction
ii.) Dissolving
iii.) E.g. Autolysis, Cell lysis
g.) -(o)logy
Picture of Poikilocytosis vs Anisocytosis: i.) Study of
h.) -oma
i.) Swelling
ii.) Tumor
iii.) E.g. Sarcoma (malignant
tumor of the muscles),
Carcinoma (malignant /
tumor that is epithelial in
origin)
i.) -opathy
i.) Disease
ii.) E.g. Neuropathy
j.) -osis
z.) Schis- i.) State, condition
i.) Split ii.) Increase
ii.) E.g. Schistocytes
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iii.) E.g. Stenosis (stagnation of
blood flow)
k.) -penia
i.) Decrease
ii.) Lack of
iii.) E.g. Pancytopenia,
Neutropenia (decrease in
neutrophils)
l.) -phil(ic)
i.) Attracted to
ii.) Affinity for
iii.) E.g. Hydrophilic
m.) -plasia (-plastic)
i.) -plasia is noun; -plastic is
adjective
ii.) Cell production or repair
n.) -poiesis
i.) Cell production
ii.) Formation, development
iii.) E.g. Hematopoiesis
o.) -poietin
i.) Stimulates production
ii.) E.g. Erythropoietin
(hormone that stimulates
erythrocytes)
p.) -stasis
i.) Same
ii.) Standing still
iii.) Can also mean stopping or
cessation
iv.) E.g. Homeostasis, Stenosis
(idk, sabi ni maam sa
vidlec)
q.) -trophy
i.) Nourishment
ii.) E.g. Trophic factors
8.) Examples of Hematologic Terms
a.) Anisocytosis
i.) An + iso + cyt + osis
b.) Aplasia
i.) A + plasia
c.) Anemia
i.) An + emia
d.) Dysmyelopoiesis
i.) Dys + myelo + poiesis
e.) Panmyelosis
i.) Pan + myel(o) + osis