SAN PEDRO COLLEGE – MAIN CAMPUS

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY FOR MLS (LEC)
LECTURER: RONALD FLORALDE

○ Even though that is considered to be as a

OUTLINE
whole, you are already identifying the
WEEK 1: INTRODUCTION TO ANALYTICAL components of a particular chemical and
CHEMISTRY later on, once you have already loosen or
I. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY broke down those different components,
A. ANALYSIS you separate them and determine the
B. TWO MAJOR AREAS OF
relative amounts.“
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
II. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY IN DEPTH ● Analytical chemistry involves: Separation
III. IMPROVING NICKEL ANALYSIS ○ Identifying
IV. MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPLICATION OF ○ Determining
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
V. SPECIFIC AREAS WHERE ANALYTICAL
CHEMISTRY IS INVOLVED
B. TWO MAJOR AREAS OF ANALYTICAL
VI. THE ROLE OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMISTRY
FOR THE PRACTITIONERS IN THE
HEALTH SCIENCES ● Qualitative Analysis
VII. ANALYTICAL METHODS ○ Involves identification of substances of
A. CLASSICAL METHODS
B. MODERN METHODS interest. It answers the question “What is
VIII. MODERN (INSTRUMENTAL in the sample?/Composition of the
EQUIPMENTS) sample”
IX. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CLASSICAL ○ You identify the components that are
AND MODERN (INSTRUMENTAL)
METHODS present
A. CLASSICAL METHODS ■ Ex. (recognized by) color, boiling point,
B. INSTRUMENTAL METHODS solubility, taste (not required to know
the identity of the substance of interest)
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY ● Quantitative analysis
○ Determination of concentration or amount of
● A branch in chemistry involved with the substances present in a given sample. It
analysis of chemical substances answers the question, “How much is in the
● Characterization of matter sample?”
■ Ex. Gravimetric or Titrimetric
A. ANALYSIS
measurements
● Originates from Greek words ‘Ana’ meaning Is Analytical Chemistry Limited Only to
‘up’ and ‘lyein’ meaning ‘loosen’. It means Qualitative or Quantitative Analysis?
loosen up or separate into parts. ● Also used to solve analytical problems: ex.
● Therefore, it can be defined as the disease diagnosis, research
identification and determination of the
relative amounts of one or more components
in a mixture.

1
 SAN PEDRO COLLEGE – MAIN CAMPUS
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY FOR MLS (LEC)
LECTURER: RONALD FLORALDE

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY IN DEPTH

● Analytical chemistry is distinct and different

from chemical analysis
● Chemical analysis is concerned solely with
the qualitative and quantitative analysis of
matter
● Analytical chemistry is also concerned with
the above analysis, analytical chemistry is
also concerned with improving,
innovating, modifying, or otherwise
exploring how analysis techniques can be
applied
● Can be best understood as a perspective
or a way of thinking about solving
complex problems
○ It is about how you perceive it; do
something to solve the problem
○ Expand and evolve your learning
○ It is more on the mind or perspective.
Your way of thinking on how you
perceive that you can somehow do
something about the problem and solve
it.
○ Focuses also on improving wherein we
also consider time.

IMPROVING NICKEL ANALYSIS

● Series of steps to detect nickel from the

● Present day: from 58 hours → 18 hours
sample
● It would take 58 hours

2
 SAN PEDRO COLLEGE – MAIN CAMPUS
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY FOR MLS (LEC)
LECTURER: RONALD FLORALDE

● Relating properties to composition and

MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPLICATION OF
structure
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
○ Both physical and chemical properties of
alloys, adhesives, lubricants, plastics
depend on their chemical composition. Also
activity of pesticides, herbicides, drugs
depend on their structure
● Research activities
○ Determining accumulation and fate of
pesticide in the food chain or metabolic
pathways of drugs in the human body,
looking for way to separate, identify and
determine new products, enzymes and
● It encompasses different and almost all proteins etc. developing new and better
fields instruments for carrying out qualitative
measurements
SPECIFIC AREAS WHERE ANALYTICAL
CHEMISTRY IS INVOLVED THE ROLE OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY FOR
PRACTITIONERS IN THE HEALTH SCIENCES
● Economic value
○ Determining the amount of silver or gold ● Practitioners can work to improve the reliability
in a coin or amount of protein in animal of existing techniques to meet the demands of
feed, the amount of vitamin or aspirin in modern times
a tablet. ○ Demand for speedy results
● Health hazard ○ Demand for accurate results
○ Determining the amount of CO2, SO2 in ○ Demand for cheaper tests emphasizing the
emission from charcoal burning, amount comfortability of life
of lead from a car exhaust ● Practitioners can adopt proven methodologies to
● Disease diagnosis a new set of materials and answer questions
○ Determining glucose in urine for related to the problem
Diabetics ○ With your understanding and good
● Quality control background of analytical chemistry, you will
○ Drugs and food manufacturers be able to be a good practitioner applying the
determine quality of starting material different techniques and then later on can be
and finished products to make sure able to adopt proven methodologies.
stated standards are maintained ○ You cannot give if you don’t have and that
same goes to experience.

3
 SAN PEDRO COLLEGE – MAIN CAMPUS
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY FOR MLS (LEC)
LECTURER: RONALD FLORALDE

● Practitioners can carry out research to

discover new methods of measurements
and are at the forefront in the utilization of
novel discoveries such as lasers and
microchip devices for practical use
● In summary, a practitioner can have a vast
opportunity in the fields of:
○ Instrumental design
○ Sampling techniques
○ Development and evaluation of new
procedures
○ Laboratory management
○ Classical analysis
○ Statistical analysis
○ Optical systems development
ANALYTICAL METHODS
A. CLASSICAL (CHEMICAL OR WET)
METHODS
● These are methods in which basic
equipment is used based on simple
chemical analysis. In the early years, the
separation of analytes via precipitation,
extraction/distillation, titration, etc
○ Gravimetric methods - determine the
mass of the analytes or some
compound chemically related to it
○ Volumetric methods - measure the
volume of a solution containing
sufficient reagent to react completely
with the analyte
B. MODERN (INSTRUMENTAL) METHODS
● These are methods which are based on
measurement of physical or chemical properties
of a substance and use of electronic, thermal, or
optical principles for determination. Considered
as newer, faster, and more efficient
○ Electroanalytical methods - involve the
measurement of electrical properties such as
voltage, current, resistance, and quantity of
electrical charge
○ Spectroscopic methods - are based on the
measurement of the interaction between
electromagnetic radiation and analyte atoms
or molecules, or the production of such
radiation by analytes
○ Miscellaneous methods - include the
measurement of such quantities as
mass-to-charge ratio, rate of radioactive
decay, heat of reaction, rate of reaction,
sample thermal conductivity, optical activity,
and refractive index

4
 SAN PEDRO COLLEGE – MAIN CAMPUS
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY FOR MLS (LEC)
LECTURER: RONALD FLORALDE

MODERN (INSTRUMENTAL
EQUIPMENTS)

● AAS (Spectrometer)

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CLASSICAL AND

MODERN (INSTRUMENTAL) METHODS

● UV - Vis Spectrophotometer
A. CLASSICAL METHODS

● Accounts for about 10% of all the current

analytical work because of the following:
○ Less sensitive (up to microgram units)
○ Determine one analyte at a time
○ Small concentration range of 2-3 orders of
magnitude i.e. powers of 10
○ Labor intensive
○ Less efficient in data handling for example in
● NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance recording hence, less reliable data.
Spectroscopy) Advantages of Classical Methods:
● Simple procedures
● Procedures are often accurate
● Method based on absolute measurements
● Specialized training not required
● Cheaper equipment
Disadvantages of Classical Methods:
● Storage of large volume of solution
● Instability of some reagents
● Need clean glassware
● HPLC (High Performance Liquid
Chromatography)

5
 SAN PEDRO COLLEGE – MAIN CAMPUS
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY FOR MLS (LEC)
LECTURER: RONALD FLORALDE

B. MODERN (INSTRUMENTAL) METHODS

● Accounts for 90% of the current analytical

work because of the following:
○ Very sensitive
○ May determine several samples
compounds (multi-analyzer, even>10)
○ More than 6 orders of magnitude
i.e.power of 10
○ Quicker and cheaper for large samples
○ More efficient thus modern equipment
have automatic data handling hence
more reliable
Advantages of Instrumental Methods:
● Automated equipments makes
data/statistical handling easy
● Require small volume of solution
Disadvantages of Instrumental Methods:
● Expensive equipment
● Complex procedures
● Require skillful operator