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Chapter 08 System Initialization and X Windows

TRUEFALSE

1. The /etc/rc.d/rc 5 script only executes files that start with S in the /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/ directory.

(A) True

(B) False

Answer : (B)

2. Most daemon scripts accept the arguments start, stop, and restart.

(A) True

(B) False

Answer : (A)

3. You can choose to use a window manager only, and not use a desktop manager.

(A) True

(B) False

Answer : (A)

4. Fedora 20 makes use of the XFree86 ​implementation of X Windows.

(A) True

(B) False

Answer : (B)

5. ​Much like the SysV init daemon, the Systemd init daemon is used to start daemons during system
initialization as well as start and stop daemons after system initialization.

(A) True

(B) False

Answer : (A)

MULTICHOICE
6. Under what directory is the Linux kernel stored?

(A) /

(B) /boot

(C) /root

(D) /krnl

Answer : (B)

7. What stage of the GRUB boot loader typically resides on the MBR / GPT?

(A) Stage1

(B) Stage1.5

(C) Stage2

(D) Stage2.5

Answer : (A)

8. In the /etc/lilo.conf file, what keyword should be specified in order to provide the absolute
pathname to the Linux kernel?

(A) image=

(B) default=

(C) install=

(D) root=

Answer : (A)

9. In Linux, what runlevel is also known as the multiuser mode?

(A) 1

(B) 2

(C) 3

(D) 4

Answer : (B)

10. At what runlevel does a Linux system have no daemons active in memory, allowing it to be safely
powered off?
(A) 0

(B) 1

(C) 6

(D) 7

Answer : (A)

11. Which command below can be used to start, stop, or restart any daemons in the /etc/init.d
directory?

(A) daemon

(B) manip-daemon

(C) service

(D) daemon-service

Answer : (C)

12. In order to change keyboard layout if X Windows can't detect the layout, you should use what
CLI command?

(A) sys-conf-kb

(B) system-config-kb

(C) sys-config-keyboard

(D) system-config-keyboard

Answer : (D)

13. Once X Windows is configured, what command can be used to fine tune the vertical and
horizontal refresh rate?

(A) xvidtune

(B) xvideotune

(C) xtune

(D) vidtune

Answer : (A)

14. In Fedora 20, where are user configured settings for Xorg stored?​
(A) ​/etc/X11/xorg.conf

(B) ​/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/

(C) ​/etc/inittab

(D) ​/etc/X11.conf

Answer : (B)

15. ​When using Systemd, what command can be used to start, stop, and configure daemons to start
automatically when the system starts?

(A) ​chkconfig

(B) ​service

(C) ​systemctl

(D) ​syscontroller

Answer : (C)

16. What command below can be used to re-install GRUB2 in the event that the boot loader becomes
corrupted?​

(A) ​grub-install

(B) ​grub2-install

(C) ​install_grub

(D) ​install_grub2

Answer : (B)

17. After modifying the /etc/default/grub file, what command should be run to rebuild the grub
config files?​

(A) ​grub2-install

(B) ​grub-config

(C) ​grub-mkconfig

(D) ​grub-compile

Answer : (C)

18. What file controls the default runlevel when using Systemd?​
(A) ​/etc/inittab

(B) ​/etc/systemd/system/default.target

(C) ​/etc/systemd/inittab.target

(D) ​/etc/systemd.conf

Answer : (B)

19. What is the default target on a system with a GUI installed?​

(A) ​multi-user.target

(B) ​single-user.target

(C) ​graphical.target

(D) ​gui.target

Answer : (C)

20. The GUI components and related software take up how much space on a typical Linux
installation?

(A) ​1 GB

(B) ​2 GB

(C) ​3 GB

(D) ​4 GB

Answer : (D)

21. On Linux systems that use the traditional ​UNIX SysV init, what command below can be used to
list and modify the runlevels that a daemon is started in?

(A) systemctl​

(B) ​chkconfig

(C) ​autoservice

(D) ​run-daemon

Answer : (B)

22. What command can be used to configure the LILO, ELILO, GRUB, and GRUB2 bootloaders?​

(A) ​boot-config
(B) ​loaderconf

(C) ​grubby

(D) ​parted

Answer : (C)

23. What keyword tells the Linux kernel to avoid printing errors to the screen during system
startup?​

(A) ​silent

(B) ​noerror

(C) ​whisper

(D) ​quiet

Answer : (D)

24. What command below can be used to uninstall the LILO bootloader from an active partition?​

(A) ​lilo --remove

(B) ​lilo -d

(C) ​lilo delete

(D) ​lilo -U

Answer : (D)

25. In standard GRUB notation, select the option below that represents the first hard drive in a
system, and the first partition on that hard drive.​

(A) ​(hd0,0)

(B) ​(hd1,1)

(C) ​(hda,0)

(D) ​(hda,1)

Answer : (A)

SHORTANSWER

26. When a computer first initializes, the system BIOS performs a(n) ____________________.Answer :
Power On Self Test (POST)
Answer : Power On Self Test
Answer : POST

27. The first daemon process on a system is called the ____________________ daemon.Answer :
initialize (init)
Answer : initialize
Answer : init

28. A(n) ____________________ defines the number and type of daemons that are loaded into memory
and executed by the kernel on a particular system.Answer : runlevel

29. The ____________ command can be used to start X Windows and the default window manager or
desktop environment.​Answer : startx

30. The _________________ file often contains a single uncommented line that configures the default
runlevel for a system.​Answer : /etc/inittab

ESSAY

31. Describe the GRUB root partition, and explain how it is located by GRUB.

Graders Info :

GRUB calls the partition that contains Stage2 of the GRUB boot loader the GRUB root partition.
Normally, the GRUB root partition is the filesystem that contains the /boot directory and should not
be confused with the Linux root filesystem. If your system has a separate partition mounted to /boot,
GRUB refers to the file /boot/grub/grub.conf as /grub/grub.conf. If your system does not have a
separate filesystem for the /boot directory, this file is simply referred to as /boot/grub/grub.conf in
GRUB.

32. List and describe the seven Linux runlevels. Mention the common name of each.

Graders Info :

Runlevel 0 (Halt): A system that has no daemons active in memory and is ready to be powered off.
Runlevel 1, s, S, or single (Single User Mode): A system that has only enough daemons to allow one
user to log in and perform system maintenance tasks. A user is automatically logged in to the system
as the root user when entering Single User Mode.
Runlevel 2 (Multiuser Mode) A system that has most daemons started and allows multiple users the
ability to log in and use system services. Most common network services other than specialized
network services are available in this runlevel as well.
Runlevel 3 (Extended Multiuser Mode): A system that has the same abilities as Multiuser Mode, yet
with all extra networking services started (for example, SNMP, NFS).
Runlevel 4: Not normally used, but can be customized to suit your needs.
Runlevel 5 (Graphical Mode): A system that has the same abilities as Extended Multiuser Mode, yet
with a graphical login program called the GNOME Display Manager (gdm) started on tty7 that
allows for graphical logins.
Runlevel 6 (Reboot): A special runlevel used to reboot the system.

33. How is X Windows configured by default? Where would you find the configuration file for X
Windows should you need to edit it manually?

Graders Info :

X Windows is the component of the GUI that interfaces with the video hardware in the computer.
For X Windows to perform its function, it needs information regarding the keyboard, mouse,
monitor, and video adapter card. By default, X Windows attempts to automatically detect this
information. If the automatic detection fails, you may need to specify the correct hardware
information manually.
If your system uses the X.Org implementation of X Windows, the mouse, keyboard, monitor, and
video adapter card information is stored in the /etc/X11/xorg.conf file in text format. If your system
uses the XFree86 implementation of X Windows, this information is stored in the
/etc/X11/XF86Config file instead. You can edit these files manually or use a program to edit them
indirectly.

34. Provide an overview as to how GRUB2 is different from GRUB.​

Graders Info :

​GRUB2 has a similar structure to GRUB. GRUB2 Stage1 typically resides on the MBR/GPT, and
Stage1.5 and Stage2 reside in the /boot/grub directory (or /boot/grub2 directory on some Linux
distrubutions). However, Stage2 loads a terminal-friendly boot loader screen. As with GRUB, you can
select the kernel that you would like to boot at the boot loader screen, as well as highlight your
kernel and press e to edit the entire boot configuration for the kernel or press c to obtain a prompt
where you can enter GRUB configuration commands.

The main configuration file for GRUB2 is /boot/grub/grub.cfg (or /boot/grub2/grub.cfg); this file is
automatically built via entries within the /etc/default/grub file, and the output of any shell scripts
stored within the /etc/grub.d directory. When you install a device driver that needs to be loaded by
the boot loader (e.g., disk controller devices), the device driver package will often add a file to the
/etc/grub.d directory that provides the necessary configuration. For any other settings, you can add
or modify the existing lines within the /etc/default/grub file.

35. Explain what System​d is, and describe service units and target units.
Graders Info :

Like the UNIX SysV init daemon, the Systemd init daemon is used to start daemons during system
initialization as well as start and stop daemons after system initialization. However, Systemd can
also be used to start, stop, and configure many other operating system compo- nents. To Systemd,
each operating system component is called a unit. Daemons are called service units because they
provide a system service, and runlevels are called target units (or targets). By default, each target
maps to a UNIX SysV runlevel:

● poweroff.target is the same as Runlevel 0.

● rescue.target is the same as Runlevel 1 (Single User Mode).
● multi-user.target is the same as Runlevel 2, 3 and 4.
● graphical.target is the same as Runlevel 5.
● reboot.target is the same as Runlevel 6.

MATCH

36. ​Match each correct item with the statement below.​​

MULTICHOICE

37. Select the two keywords that can be used in the lilo.conf file in order to specify where LILO
should be installed, and what parameters should be passed to the Linux kernel when loaded:​

(A) ​append=

(B) ​map=

(C) ​initrd=

(D) ​boot=

Answer :

38. Select the two window managers that have been used in GNOME:​

(A) ​kwin

(B) ​lxde

(C) ​metacity

(D) ​mutter

Answer :
39. What two window managers is the Compiz Fusion window manager based upon?​

(A) ​compiz

(B) ​sawfish

(C) ​fvwm

(D) beryl​

Answer :

40. The K desktop environment utilizes what window manager and toolkit below?​

(A) ​kwin

(B) ​mutter

(C) ​Qt toolkit

(D) ​GTK+ toolkit

Answer :

41. The GNOME 3 desktop environment utilizes what window manager and toolkit below?

(A) ​kwin

(B) ​mutter

(C) ​Qt toolkit

(D) ​GTK+ toolkit

Answer :