Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Monterrico, Surco
Lima. Peru
CEL: ++51 19 9906 8514
meldrum.geo@gmail.com
2015
MINERAL EXPLORATION
GEOLOGICAL REFERENCE CODES
PORPHYRY, SKARN & EPITHERMAL SYSTEMS
ver 5.1
SAMPLE TYPE
OCRC Outcrop chip DDCO DDH composite
OCCH Outcrop channel DDSL DDH select
OCGR Outcrop grab RCCO RCH composite
OCPN Outcrop pannel OHCO Open hole composite
SCGR Subcrop grab UGSL Underground Select
PTCH Pit channel sample UGCH Underground channel
FLGR Float Sample UGRC Underground chip
SOPT Soil pit mesh MIDP Mine dump grab
SOAG Soil auger mesh MICO Mine concentrate grab
SOBL Soil pit BLEG MIFD Mine mill feed
SMMI Mobile metal ion SSBL SSED BLEG
SSMS SSED mesh
SSPC SSED pan con
OXIDATION STATE
5 Complete Oxidation - no sulphides remaining
4 Strongly Oxidised - trace Sx, strong FeO development
3 Moderately Oxidised - approx 50% Sx oxidised
2 Weakly Oxidised - most Sx preserved, signif FeO on partings
1 Trace Oxidation - trace FeO on partings, Sx
0 Unoxidised - fresh, no FeO, Sx
LITHOLOGY 1
Confidence Index - 1: positive 2: confident 3: probable 4: guess
LITHOLOGY DATA RECORDING COLUMNS
LITH BXT r BXC BXM %BM CI
S** sedimentary
M** metamorphic
confidence index
bx type/facies
clast rounding
V** volcanic
% bx matrix
bx matrix
bx clasts
I** igneous
IDY** dyke
IDM** dome
IH** hypabyssal
IP** plutonic
SURFICIAL DEPOSITS
VAct fhq D dark andesitic crystal tuff with feld hornblend and quartz crystals/phenos
VRDign fqh W welded rhyodacitic ignimbrite with feld & quartz phenos/crystals
numeric
FACIES
porphyry/breccia complexes
rf-clastic bx BX3 fine poor sort (dykes)
EPITHERMAL
CB carbonate CE celadonite (LS epi) SP silica patchy SA IA
il-sm
Increasing Temperature
VNM vein matrix GMS groundmass BED bedding select PHN phenocryst AA
PH
CFL cavity fill STR structure VES vesicle OPN o'print S2 pf-al
(SVM) PH se-kf
ALT INTENSITY (AINT) SM se
al
PR
0 nul 1 trace moderate 4 strong 5 intense
m
2 weak 3
itio
bi-ep-ac-kf
er
PH-AA AB
ns
tra
S1 se kf qz ab
ep
SP
hy
Adjusted after Hedenquist et al 1996 from Soc of resource Geology - Resource Geology Sepcial Publication 1, 1996
2 3 4 5 6
300
200
100
Increasing pH
op al ha ha ha sm
al
ch-sm/ch
op cs Silica Silica Silica ch-sm/ch ja
Silica
sm
Silica
cs silica
tr ka sm silica
al ka ka Silica zeolite ha
stb hu mo cz na
tr qz Silica cb cb/do
Silica Silica
100 + sd ka
ch/ch-sm
al
ka sm sm cb
sm qz/cd ch/ch-sm dk
qz qz/cz
ACID
ka qz+sd qz/cd
ka
qz
qz/cd
zeolite
pf
qz ka il sm
zeolites
al
il sm ch cb ca/do di
EPITHERMAL
qz qz+sd
qz/cz il-sm
tp, zu
Increasing Temperature
al
ka di ka dk cb qz/cd ch qz/chd
ka di
qz+di
qz+di il/il sm ad/ab aa
la
qz+sd il ch il ca do
al qz ab/ad rt
dk dk
ch qz ep
Increasing pH
wa
250 ad/ab
qz
DEEP EPITHERMAL
al dk dk
WEAKLY ACID
qz se
dk pf pf pf se
kf
ch qz ep py
qz+di qz+di se qz qz ad/ab ca/do
pf cb
qz ch ma
cb
al
se ep ac ch qz sm
al pf pf qz kf ca/do
qz
qz+di qz+di il-sm
se/mica
mica/se
mica/se
kf cb ac qz tm qz ch-sm
pf qz qz + ch kf ch ca/do
pf qz
300 il
se ?
PORPHYRY
ax al qz ax al ax mica qz bi ac cx qz
ax
ch
NEUTRAL
pf qz mica kf qz ca/do
pf qz mica qz + cb
kf qz
conditions of ax mica mica
+ cb bi kf gt qz ep
non-dissociation co qz wo vs
co qz cx mt mt bi
Silica Alunite al-ka kaolin il-ka illite Chlorite Calc-Silicate
Group Group Group Group Group Group Group Group
kf, ad
ALKALINE
ca
PT SK PH PR PS IA AR AA
mr
HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION MINERAL SYSTEMS la
From: Greg Corbett & Terry Leach, Southwest Pacific Rim Gold Copper Systems - Short Course Manual, 1997
wa
Includes the addition of IA to the original diagram - codes changed to suit this reference set Mo Cu Ag Au
ORE DEPOSITS
MINERALISATION 3
PRINCIPAL COPPER MINERALS Cu %
pm pitch limonite
mc malachite Cu 2 CO 3 (OH) 2 57.3%
az azurite Cu3 (CO 3)2 (OH) 2 55.0%
cr chrysocolla Cu 2H 2(Si 2O 5)(OH) 4 36.0% OX
tn tenorite CuO 79.9%
Cu
br
native copper
brochantite
Cu
Cu 4 (OH) 6 SO 4
100%
56.0%
TR
ck chalcantite CuSO 4 .5H 2O 35.0%
ENRICHMENT
cc chalcocite Cu 2S 79.8%
cu cuprite Cu 2O 88.8%
cv covellite CuS 66.4% SG
cn cubanite CuFe 2 S 3 23.0%
ox - no sx 0 cp (only) A PERIPHERY
py (only) 1 cp > bn B
Cu-Au
py > cp 2 cp = bn C
PORPHYRY
py = cp 3 cp < bn D
py < cp 4 bn (only) E CORE
en (only) O cv (only) S
HS en > py P cv > en
SYSTEMS T
en = py Q cv = en U
en < py R cv < en V
en (only) W
py > po 5 cp (only) V
PYRRHOTITE py = po 6 cp > po W
-Cu SKARNS py < po 7 cp = po X
po (only) 8 cp < po Y
po (only) Z
MAPPING
N D/DAZM LOGGING
315° 045°
DIPS
25° 45°
W E
CORE AXIS
STRAIN ELLIPSE
CONVERSION FACTORS PERCENTAGES
ONE = MULTIPLIER
acre = 4046.856m2
cubic metre = 35.3147 cubic ft
degree celsius = 0.555 ( F-32)
fathom = 1.8288m
foot = 0.3048m
furlong = 201.168m
gallon = 4.54609L
gallon (US) = 3.785412L
3
gram = 35.273962 x 10 ounces
gram/tonne = 0.0001%
= 0.032666oz (troy)/long ton
= 0.02917oz (troy)/short ton
hectare = 10,000m2
= 2.4710538 acres
inch = 25.4mm
kilogram = 2.2046226 pounds
kilometre = 0.621371 miles
litre = 0.219969 gallons
metre = 3.28084 feet
= 1.0936132 yards
mile = 1.609344 km
mile/hr = 0.44704 m/s
ounce (troy) = 31 103477g
ounce(T)/long ton = 30.61224 g/t
ounce(T)/short ton = 34.28571 g/t
km2 = 0.386102 miles2
mile2 = 640 acres
acre = 2.589988 km2
stone = 6.3502932 kg
ton, long = 1.016047 t (metric)
ton, short = 0.907185 t (metric)
tonne (t) = 0.9842 long tons
acre = 1.1023 short tons
acre = 2204.62 lbs
yard = 0.9144n