英語兔_語法合集_bilibili

### 英語子句(subordinate clause)的原理

➢ 一個句子 A 成了另一個句子 B 的部分成分，因而無法獨立存在，則稱 A 為
子句
➢ 一個句子中除了謂語動詞，所有成分都可用子句代替
### 英語子句的分類
➢ 形容詞子句=定語子句=關係子句
a. 思維方式
當定語成分較為複雜時，會將定語放在限定形容的名詞後方組成子句。
e.g. Philza ate the stew that Techno made.
b. 構成
b.1. 關係詞: 用來引導形容詞從句的詞，可分為
b.1.1. 關係代詞: that, who, whom, whose, which，替代的是子句作為單
獨陳述句中的先行詞。在關係代詞後方陳述句做子句時順序不變動。
e.g. Techno made the stew(先行詞). → Techno made that. → that
Techno made. → Philza ate the stew that Techno made.
*b.1.1.extra. that vs. which (限定性)
先行詞唯一: that
e.g. Philza ate the first stew that Techno made.
先行詞多選一: which/that
e.g. Philza ate the stew which/that Techno made.
b.1.2. 關係副詞: where, when, why，關係詞本身不代稱先行詞，而是做
為副詞存在。可以利用介詞將其轉換為關係代詞 which 的形式。
e.g. That was the day when Philza built the memorial statue.
= That was the day on which Philza built the memorial statue.
c. 限定性與非限定性
c.1. 限定性子句: 用於限定先行詞的範圍
c.2. 非限定性子句: 沒有限定先行詞範圍的子句，只是換句話接著說。經
常充當補充語。
c.f.
I have a head which is round.
(暗指我有好幾顆頭，其中一顆是圓的)
I have a head, which is round. = I have a head, and the head is round.
(指我只有一顆頭，那顆頭是圓的)
➢ 名詞子句=主語子句+賓語子句+表語子句+賓語補語子句+同位語子句
a. 主語子句
 e.g. Tommy ate Techno’s gapple. The fact is obvious. → That Tommy ate
Techno’s gapple is obvious. (確定訊息的子句，用 that 做引導詞)
e.g.2 Who ate Techno’s gapple is obvious. (不確定訊息的子句，此處用
who 做引導詞)
e.g.3 It is obvious that Tommy ate Techno’s gapple. (形式主語 It，用來代稱
整個子句)
b. 賓語子句
e.g. I saw the fact. Tommy ate Techno’s gapple. → I saw (that) Tommy ate
Techno’s gapple. (賓語子句中的引導詞 that 可省略)
e.g.2 I saw who ate Techno’s gapple. (這邊的引導詞不能省略)
e.g.3 I didn’t know who ate Techno’s gapple. (否定要加在主句，而不是子
句)
※主句和賓語子句的時態在大部分情況下應當保持一致。
c. 表語子句
e.g. The problem is this. There is no gapple left. → The problem is that
there is no gapple left.
e.g.2 The question is who ate the gapple.
e.g.3 It seems that Tommy ate Techno’s gapple. (形式主語 It，用來代稱整個
子句)
d. 同位語子句
e.g. The fact that Tommy ate Techno’s gapple didn’t surprise me. (引導詞
that 代替了一般同位語中逗號的功能)
e.g.2 The question who ate Techno’s gapple is consuming me.
e.g.3 I have no idea who ate Techno’s gapple.
e. 賓語補語子句
e.g. Call me what you like.
➢ 副詞子句=狀語子句
a. 表時間
a.1. before (在某一時間點之前)
e.g. Tommy drank the invisible potion before Dream stopped by.
= Before Dream stopped by, Tommy drank the invisible potion.
a.2. when, while, as (在某一時間點之中/當時)
e.g. I was having dinner when Philza started to stream. (when 引導的子句有
突然發生的含意)
e.g.2 Techno was PVPing with someone while Wilbur was bridging. (while 引
導的子句強調的是一段時間內)
 e.g.3 I had dinner as I watched Tommy streaming. (as 引導的子句強調兩個
動作同時進行)
a.3. after (在某一時間點之後)
e.g. Techno used the totem of undying after he was hit by an anvil.
a.4. since (從先前某個時間點起，往往暗示對之後有影響)
e.g. Three months have passed since Techno left for visiting Dream.
a.5. until (直到之後某個時間點)
e.g. Techno waited until Philza activated the ender pearl.
a.6. as soon as (一個動作緊跟另一個動作)
e.g. Wilbur will push the button as soon as he finds it. (主句一般將來式，子
句一般現在式)
a.7. the next time (下一次)
e.g. We will talk about it with laughter the next time we meet up.
b. 表地點
b.1. 普通形式
e.g. Tommy ate the gapple where he found it.
c.f. 相同表述的定語子句 Tommy ate the gapple at the place where he
found it.
b.2. 強調形式，wherever, everywhere, anywhere
e.g. Philza will follow Techno wherever he goes.
c. 表比較: 簡化後會變成一般比較式用法
e.g. He is stronger than I am. = He is stronger than me.
d. 表條件: 即條件句，if, unless, provided, as long as, in case
e.g. If Techno sees the statue, he will love it. = Techno will love the statue if he
sees it.
e.g.2 Unless I see the proof, I won’t believe you.
e. 表讓步: even if, although, though, even though, no matter/regardless of+疑問
句
e.g. Even if you travel back to 2018, you cannot save Techno from tumor.
e.g.2 No matter what happens, I will not leave you alone.
f. 表方式: as if, as, the way
e.g. He wrote all day long as if he had been running out of time.
e.g.2 Leave the table as it is.
e.g.3 He spends money the way (in which) millionaires do.
g. 表原因: because(切實因果關係), since(眾所周知的情況), as(顯而易見的事
實)
e.g. He lashed out to you because he was worried.
e.g.2 As Techno wasn’t there, Wilbur photoshoped his Minecraft figure in their
 group photo. (since 與 as 引導的子句只能放在主句前面)
h. 表目的: 一般子句中使用情態助詞 can, could, may, might…
e.g. In order that I could finish the video in time, I pulled an all-nighter.
= I pulled an all-nighter so that I could finish video in time. (so that 不可放句
首)
i. 表結果: so that, so (+adj.) …that…, such (+n.) …that…
e.g. I ate a lot of carrot for lunch so that I wasn’t hungry in the afternoon.
e.g.2 The temperature was low so that the lake froze.
= The temperature was so low that the lake froze.
= It was such a low temperature that the lake froze.