A

Project Report
On
“PREPARE A REPORT ON CONCEPT OF 4Rs”

Submitted & Presented in the fulfillment of the

requirement for the award of
Diploma in Electronics and Tele-Communication Engg.
By
1.Mr. Pruthviraj Gurav[E.N. 2116150097]
Ms. Sakshi Tukaram Sargar
2.Mr. Avinash More[E.N. 2116150093]
Ms. Vaishnavi Shrikant Deshpande
3.Mr. Saurabh Aiwale[E.N. 2016150023]
Ms. Shobha Vijay Dhaygude
4.Ms. Rutuja Babar[E.N. 2016150019]

Under the Guidance of

Mr.Kamble.P.S.

Department of
“ELECTRONICS

AND
TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING”
Fabtech Technical Campus of Engineering & Research,
Sangola
A.Y- 2023-24

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This is to certify that the project report on “preper a report on concept of
4Rs” has been presented successfully and
submitted by,

Ms. Sakshi Tukaram Sargar

Ms. Vaishnavi Shrikant Deshpande

Ms. Shobha Vijay Dhaygude

1.Mr. Pruthviraj Gurav[Roll no. 09]

2.Mr. Avinash More[Roll no.10]
Student of Diploma in (Electronics And telecommunication
3.Mr. Saurabh Aiwale[Roll no.01] Engg.) class in the
4.Ms. Rutuja
fulfillment for the award of Diploma Babar[Roll And
in Electronics no.02]tele-communication

Engg. as per curriculum laid by the Maharashtra State Board of Technical

Education, MUMBAI during the academic year 2023-2024.

PROJECT GUIDE H.O.D PRINCIPAL

(Kamble.P.S.) (Mr. Walunjkar M.D.) (Dr..Pawar. S.L.)

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 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that, Dissertation entitled “report on concept of 4Rs ”is

completed andsubmitted by me for the award of diploma engineering in
E&TC branch, Fabtech Technical Campus of Engineering &
Research, sangola

Has not been previously presented and to the best of my knowledge, for the
award of diploma engineering title of this or any other university or examination
body

PLACE- Sangola

DATE-

Group Members

MS. Sakshi
1.Mr. Tukaram
Pruthviraj Sargar no. 09]
Gurav[Roll
Ms.Vaishnavi
2.Mr. AvinashShrikant Deshpande
More[Roll no.10]
Ms.Shobha
3.Mr. Vijay
Saurabh Dhaygude no.01]
Aiwale[Roll
4.Ms. Rutuja Babar[Roll no.02]

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We feel happiness in forwarding this project design report as an image of

sincere efforts the successful design report reflects efforts of our guide in giving
us good information. Our sincere thanks to our guide Mr.Kamble.P.S. Who has
been a constant source of inspiration and guiding star in achieving our goal.

We express our deep gratitude to all staff members who lend us their
valuable support and co-operation.

We are also equally indebted to our principal Dr. Pawar S.L. for his
valuable help whenever needed.

At last we thank all those who directly or indirectly encouraged and helped us.

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 ABSTRACT

The construction industry consumes a substantial amount of raw materials

in its processes and the output is obviously the product and most
importantly the waste material. Other than that, the construction industry
is well known as one of the worst environmental polluters. This study is to
determine the use of waste minimisation technique in creating sustainable
waste management in order to identify the technique which has the most
capabilities to reduce on-site waste.
The objective of this study is to assess the waste minimization techniques
taken from the 4R concept (which includes reduce, reuse, recycle and
recovery techniques) in minimizing the waste in construction waste
management. The most used waste minimization technique found in the
4R concept would be waste reduction. This shows that the local
construction industry has the knowledge necessary to plan out the waste
management processes but the implementation is still far from satisfying.
Additionally, the findings reveal that because the industry is profit-driven,
construction practitioners are motivated by profit to adapt to this
techniques.

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 INDEX

Sr. No. Name Page no.

1) Introduction 07

2) Principle of 4Rs 08

3) Concept of 4Rs 09

4) Need of 4Rs 14

5) Examples 16

6) 4Rs plane for plastic 18

management
7) Reference 20

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 INTRODUCTION

Reducing, reusing, recycling and recovering remind us of the importance of

reducing our waste production on a daily basis and thus avoiding our contribution
to the piles of materials found on landfill sites.
There is no need to manage wastes when we reduce because everything is taken
care of at the source. In other words, buying less and reusing to the maximum
reduces the contents in recycling bins. If the recycling bin is less full,
automatically the environmental impact is reduced, because remember that the
recycling process is not done without an impact on the environment. Sorting,
cleaning, melting and transforming recyclables into new products use a lot of
energy.That is why it is important to reduce and reuse as much as possible and to
recycle as a last resort
The construction industry consumes a substantial amount of raw materials in its
processes and the output is obviously the product and most importantly the waste
material. Other than that, the construction industry is well known as one of the
worst environmental polluters. This study is to determine the use of waste
minimisation technique in creating sustainable waste management in order to
identify the technique which has the most capabilities to reduce on-site waste.
The objective of this study is to assess the waste minimization techniques taken
from the 4R concept (which includes reduce, reuse, recycle and recovery
techniques) in minimizing the waste in construction waste management. The
most used waste minimization technique found in the 4R concept would be waste
reduction. This shows that the local construction industry has the knowledge
necessary to plan out the waste management processes but the implementation is
still far from satisfying. Additionally, the findings reveal that because the
industry is profit-driven, construction practitioners are motivated by profit to
adapt to this techniques.

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  Principle of 4R concept :

1. Waste is defined as unwanted and unusable materials and is regarded as a

substance that is of no use.
2. Waste that we see in our surroundings is also known as garbage.
3. Garbage is mainly considered a solid waste that includes wastes from our
houses, wastes from schools and offices, and wastes from industries and
factories.
4. The 4R means Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Recover.

(i) Reduce: We should reduce the use of non-biodegradable compounds

that are harmful to us.
Example: Instead of using polythene bags we should give preference to paper bags.
(ii) Reuse: We should reuse the materials instead of dumping them.
Example: Plastic bags can be reused to make decorative things.
(iii) Recycle: Non-biodegradable materials should be subjected to the
recycling process.
Example: Plastic materials.
(iv) Recovery: If the waste remains after it is been reused and recycled, we
can use it to generate energy at our waste-energy plant. This is known as Recovery

Fig 1: 4R principle

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  4Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Recover):

Fig2: concept of 4R

The 4R principle refers to Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Recover. These 4

processes refer to the process to be followed by us to ensure nature continues to be
sustainable and life on earth continues to thrive.

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1) REDUCE:

Fig 3: reduce

This means to use the environmental resources in a sustainable way and

prevent the wastage. For example, using a bucket full of water instead of a
shower while bathing.
We should always try to minimize the unnecessary use of artificial things
or products in our daily life.

We can reduce the solid waste in our community by considering the

followings points:

8. We should choose durable items while buying.

2. We should change our habit of using things i.e. use washable clothes,
napkins instead of napkins paper.

3. Use washable containers for lunches

9. Sacks instead of using non-reusable plastic bags.

10.We should buy recycled products.

11.It is better to use cotton bags for shopping.

7. Print on both sides of a paper so that we can reduce waste production.

8. Warning signs should be printed on products showing the disposal

method.

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 2)

this means we can use the same thing many times. For example, using a
polythene bag again for different purposes.
Reuse is a process or practice of reusing something. This can be done to either
use the product for its intended purpose, or to perform a new function. Reusing
a product more than once benefits both us and the environment.
Reusing also saves time, money, energy, and materials. Glass jars, for example,
can be found in the kitchen. After being emptied, these jars are reused several
times. Old books can be reused by others after they have been used once. If the
book is a notebook, it can be read or the paper can be used for other purposes.
By using cloth gift bags, you may avoid ripping the paper from your gifts. If you
carefully remove the wrapping paper, you can reuse it.

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3)RECYCLE:

Fig 5: recycle

This means things are processed and may get converted into some other
product so that they can be used again. For example, paper is recycled.
It is an important part of the waste management. It is the transformation of
waste resources into new materials and things. It is the technique of
reprocessing and reusing objects that would otherwise be disposed as waste, in
the same or a different form.
This procedure saves a significant amount of time, energy, resources, and
money. It also decreases the utilization of natural raw materials in
manufacturing. To lessen environmental stress, it is critical to purchase recycled
as well as recyclable products. Your old notebooks, for example, can be recycled
into recycled paper, and then used to bind new notebooks.

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4)RECOVER :

Fig6: recover

This means a safe and eco-friendly alternative should be used in place of a thing.
For example, using a clothing bag instead of a polythene bag.
the fourth R in the 4R concept of plastic waste management meaning is Recover.
When the recycling of the waste is not feasible or there is no market for the
recycled product in the product can be used to generate energy from the waste
combustion heat.
Those plastic materials which consist of the high calorific value that waste of
plastic contribute highly to generate the energy from in the information plant.
They can also used as fuel in many applications such as powerplants, lndestrial
furnaces and also in the cement industries .

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  need of 4R concept for waste minimization:
 Reduce is to limit the amount of waste created at the source. Reducing
the waste at the source means to buy only what we really need - there will
be no waste to treat, when there is no waste to begin.
The vegetable vendors may give you separate plastic bags for each vegetable we
buy. This also includes buying products with less packaging. By reducing
consumption, we reduce or eliminate the use of products and therefore
minimize the utilization of natural resources which may be required in
production of those products. This would result in lesser pollution and re
 Reuse
duction of financial burden.
Reuse means to use something again that would be normally thrown away. Glass
jar for food or plastic bags for bin liners are always thrown. Don't throw away
items that are reusable. Reduce waste by making full use of any item. By reusing
the products, we reuse the natural resources from which the products were
manufactured to the fullest possible extent and therefore consumption of
additional natural resources can be limited.
 Recycle
Recycle means the product goes through a mechanical process to change its
form. This is only recommended when reducing and reusing are not possible.
Effective Segregation/separation is the stepping stone to ensure proper
recycling. Ensure a good separation of waste into "one-material fractions that
can be more easily recycled. Recyclable materials like paper, plastic, wood,
cardboards, metals etc. should be properly segregated. Recycling items into new
products requires the use of fewer natural resources than new production of
that particular item. For example if we recycle the used papers in manufacturing
new paper the numbers of tree that are required to be cut for producing papers
will get reduced.
 Recover
Recover is to convert waste into resources (such as electricity, heat, compost
and fuel) through thermal and biological means. Resource recovery occurs after
reduce, reuse and recycle have been attempted. Recover the substances /matter
still left after first three R's have being applied. For examples compost can be
prepared from the solid waste after separation of all recyclable

 Here are same examples:

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  reducing materials:
Ensure printed documents are double-sided.
Buy sturdy cloth or recyclable bags that can be reused.
Buy a larger container instead of two smaller ones.
Buy products that do more than one thing—for example, 2 in 1 shampoo and
conditioner.
Buy concentrated products or compact packages, such as juices, fabric softeners,
and cleaners you can mix with water at home.
Look for products with minimal packaging- so that you will have less to throw
away.

 reusing or repurposing materials:

Pass on magazines, catalogs, and books to neighbors, hospitals, libraries,
schools or other local organisation.
Use tin cans or types for potting new plants
Reuse plastic or glass containers for storage of food or other household items.
Reuse glass jars as drinking glasses.
Reuse shopping bags and sturdy cardboard boxes for storage.
Reuse wrapping paper, newspapers, gift bags, and bows for future gifts.

 Here are some reasons why recycling should be upheld:

Recycling saves landfill space.
Separating your recyclables from your general waste improves efficiencies at
waste facilities which in turns reduces the cost of waste management.
Recycling benefits the environment and has a positive effect on the economy.
Recycled products can be lucrative – turn your rubbish into your next business
venture.

 We should always try to minimize the unnecessary use of artificial things

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 or products in our daily life.

We can reduce the solid waste in our community by considering the followings
points:
1. We should choose durable items while buying.

2. We should change our habit of using things i.e. use washable clothes, napkins
instead of napkins paper.

3. Use washable containers for lunches

4. Sacks instead of using non-reusable plastic bags.

5. We should buy recycled products.

6. It is better to use cotton bags for shopping.

7. Print on both sides of a paper so that we can reduce waste production.

8. Warning signs should be printed on products showing the disposal method.

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Fig 7:the 4R plane

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 Conclusion

In recent times, waste has become a major issue for both the environment and
mankind. Our water sources, grasslands, pastures, and public areas are all
impacted by the waste we generate. It is critical to begin Refusing, Reducing,
Reusing, and learning about Recycling at an early age.

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Reference

Websites:
https://www.netsolwater.com/the-r-of-waste-management-reduce,-reuse,-
repair-and-recycle.php?blog=3690

https://askmeplastics.com/4r-concept-detail-guide-with-importance/

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