ANTONIO R. PACHECO COLLEGE, INC.

San Gregorio Ext., KimpoSubd., RH 12, Cotabato City

Tel. No. (064) 557-48-54 / arpachecocollege@gmail.com

MODULE in
Criminology 3
(Human Behavior and
Victomology)

First Semester, SY. 2020-2021

Prepared by:

HASMIN SAMAR MANTORINO

Instructor
ANTONIO R. PACHECO COLLEGE INC,
San Gregorio Ext., Kimpo Subdivision, Cotbato City
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 College Department
Name: ________________________________________Yr. &Section:_________________
Course/Subject: Criminlogy 3(Human Behavior and Victimilogy) Time: ____
SCHEDULE: MWF TTH

Instructor: HASMIN S. MANTORINO

Contact Number: 09654638379
Facebook: HASMIN SAMAR MANTORINO

Gmail: Hasmin_mantorino77@.gmail

COURSE GUIDE

This module was prepared for you to learn independently and intelligently. Its content
covers our topic/discussion for this semester. As your Instructor, I will always be available to
assist and guide you for this kind of schooling appropriate for the “new normal”. Each of you
is expected to be a responsible learner and the following are the guidelines for you to follow
in order to finish this modular and online class successfully:

1. You have to manage your time in reading and understand every part of this module.
Read it again and again until you get the point of our topic. DO NOT LEAVE A
SINGLE WORD IN READING YOUR MODULE.

2. During our class session, try not to open any apps on your cell phone except the
Messenger where we will be having our conversation.

3. If you are confused with a word(s), you can review its definition on dictionaries or
Google it for you to understand the statements you are reading.

4. Since we are also adapting the online type of class, I will be organizing a group chat
on messenger with the corresponding subject and section for you to be guided for the
instructions/assignments I will be giving.

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 5. Change your user names with your complete name (if you are not using your real
name) on Messenger & Facebook for me to recognize you and join the group chat I
will be creating for this subject.

6. I may send a voice recording or video clip of me discussing a certain topic (if
necessary) to our group chat on messenger. Those video clips and voice recordings
are strictly intended only for our group chat and you are not allowed in any way to
share it online or with others.

7. We can also have a video call through messenger but I am encouraging you to set a
schedule for each of us to be prepared in terms of acquiring internet connection.

8. This module includes some activities for you to answer and you may submit it to me
by taking a picture of your answer and send it to my messenger. If you do not have an
internet connection, you can just text me your answer on my contact number.

9. YOUR SINCERE COOPERATION AND PARTICIPATION FOR THIS TYPE OF

CLASS IS BADLY NEEDED. Let us discipline ourselves and be a responsible
learner.

The following are the guidelines for our class sessions:

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1. When you are done changing your user name with your complete name on Facebook
and Messenger, you may now join the group chat that I have created for this subject
named: Criminology 3 3We will be starting our class session through Attendance,
exactly on the time schedule of this subject. Each of us will be opening our group chat
on messenger and just send a message saying “present - your complete name”
(example: Present – Yara Alesha Dadir). If you are having difficulties with the
internet connections, you can say that you are present by sending me a text message
or through phone call on my contact number indicated above. Failed to inform me of
your presence during our attendance will be marked absent.

2. After the attendance, I will be giving instructions regarding the topic and its
corresponding pages on your module that we will be discussing for the day.

3. You are obliged to read and understand the topic I have given for the day. Read it
again and again until you understand the statement.

4. Due to the problems on erratic internet connections, you can send me a message or
call me on my contact number for your questions regarding our topic.

5. Our examination for this subject is consisting of Finals only. The schedule of each
examination will be posted on our group chat the week before the examination as well
as its procedure.

6. The Prelim period will cover our topics discussed from September to October while
the coverage of our Final period will be from November to December.

7. Reminder: Do not use acronyms/abbreviations on sending messages/queries on our

group chat. Always use proper sentence and complete spelling of every word.

8. Avoid sending unnecessary messages on our group chat. If you wish to talk with your
classmates, you may message him/her directly.

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5
 SELF-LEARNING MODULE

Course: CRIMINOLOGY 3

Course Title: Human Behavior and Victimology

Course description:

This course, Aims to understand others, to determine how and why people behave the way
they do. A complicated phenomenon influenced by many factors. A collection of activities
influenced by culture, attitudes, emotions, values, ethics, authority, rapport, hypnosis,
persuasion and coercion.

Course Outcome:

1. Explain the principles associatedwith the electromagnetic spectrum and identify the
different types of energy found in the nonionizing range of the spectrum.

2. Explain the transfer of energy from one object to another and identify the factors that may
affect that transfer.

3. Describe the physiologic effects of cryotherapy and thermotherapy.

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4. Describe the indications and contraindications for the various methods of cold and heat
treatments, including ultrasound and diathermy.

5. Describe the principles behind ultrasound and explain the physiologic effects and mode of
application.

6. Explain the principles of electricity and describe the different types of current.

7. Internalized the nature of victimization and victim’s rights.

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PRELIMINARY ACTIVITY:

ACTIVITRY 1. WHAT COMES IN YOUR MIND IF YOU HEARD OR READ THE

HUMAN BEHAVIOUR FIRST. WRITE ANSWER INSIDE THE BOX ( NOT MORE
THAN 100 WORDS)

TOPIC 1

Human Behavior

OBJECTIVES:

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 At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

 Understand the Human Behavior

 Understand the description of human behavior

 Understand the Characteristics of human behavior

 Understand the Classification of human behavior

 Know the kinds of behavior

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

Human behavior and Victimology handouts and power

point

DURATION: TWO WEEKS

TEACHING-LEARNING ACTIVITY/LESSON PROPER

Human Behavior

Definition
Human behavior – refers to the array of every physical action and observable emotion

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associated with individuals, as well as the human race as a whole.

- Behavior is any activity which can be observed, recorded and measured. Individual
behave with in an environment, it is human nature to respond stimulus situation
created by internal and external environment.

Description of human behavior

1. Human behavior is motivated.

Motivation- is a driving force behind all action of an organism.

2. Human Behavior has multiple causes.

3. Human Behavior can be adaptive and maldaptive.

4. Human lives are continuous process of change.

5. Every person is different yet the same.

6. Individual is unique person.

Characteristics of Human Behavior

1. Social rules and regulations: Human are social beings and obedient to social rules and
regulations. Social rules and regulation drives an individual in a particular way.

2. Language and understanding: Human brings express their feelings and emotion and
convention with each other through language. Interaction of individual and group helps
them convey their news and views.

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3. Education and knowledge: Education is power which enables an individual to
acknowledge the difference between right and wrong. The value of practice in acquiring
skill or knowledge common feature of human behavior. Education and knowledge are
important modification of human behavior.

4. Adaptability: it is human nature to change in order to deal successfully with new

situation. Human beings always face changing environment of human behavior.

5. Capacity to learn knowledge: Only human being is capable enough to learn knowledge.
Human beings can increase their capacity by acquiring knowledge and experience. This is
unique characteristics of human beings.

6. Drive/Aim: Human being behave with a view to accomplishing their common aim that
drives him to a particular direction. Drive or aim pursues goal directed behavior.

7. Human being is great in behavior and knowledge: Human being is great in their behavior
and knowledge, capable enough to board their knowledge and experience.

Classification of Human Behavior

1. Habitual- refers to manners which are resorted to in a regular basis it may be further
characterized as emotional and language.

2. Instinctive- are human conduct which is unlearned and inherent, said to be present at
birth of a person, and significantly influenced by heredity.

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3. Symbolic- are human conduct in response to stimuli undertaken by means of
substitution.

4. Complex- refers to two or more habitual behavior which occurs in one situation.

Classification of Human Behavior

- According to Richard Chaptham Atkinson (born 19 March 1929) is an American

professor of psychology and academic administrator. He is the former president and
regent of the University of California system, and former chancellor of UC San
Diego.

1. Normal Behavior (Adaptive or Adjusted Behavior)- is the standard behavior, the totality
accepted behavior because they follow the standard norms of society.

Characteristics of Normal Behavior

1. Efficient perception of reality

2. Self-knowledge

3. Ability to exercise voluntary control over his behavior

4. Self-esteem and acceptance

5. Productivity

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6. Ability to form affectionate relationship with others.

2. Abnormal behavior (Maladaptive Maladjusted behavior)-A group of behaviors that is

deviant from social expectations because they go against the norms or standard behavior of
society.

Kinds of Behavior

1. Molecular and Moral Behavior

Molecular behavior: The sudden behavior what occurs without thinking something is
called molecular behavior.

Moler Behavior: Moler behavior is the opposite of molecular behavior. When human
behavior occurs with a thinking process is called moler behavior.

2. Overt &Covert Behavior

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Overt behavior: The behavior that is visible and what occurs outside of human being is
called overt behavior.

Covert behavior: The behavior that is not visible and what occurs inside of human being is
called covert behavior.

3. Voluntary and Involuntary Behavior

Voluntary behavior: The behavior what depend on human want is called

Voluntary behavior: Human beings always have control on voluntary behavior.

Involuntary behavior: Behavior what occurs naturally is called involuntary behavior.

4. Conscious or Unconscious Behavior

Conscious Behavior: Behavior is conscious when acts are within the level of awareness.
Unconscious Behavior: it is unconscious when acts are surrounded in one’s subconscious
or unaware.

5. Simple or Complex Behavior

These acts categorized according to the number of neurons (a cell that caries messages
between the brain and other parts of the body and that is the basic unit of the nervous
system) involved in the process of behaving.

Simplex Behavior: involves less number of neurons

Complex Behavior: Involved more number of neurons, a combination of simple behaviors

6. Rational or Irrational Behavior

Rational Behavior: When a person acted with sanity or reason.

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Irrational Behavior: When the person acted with no apparent reason or explanation.

Aspects of Behavior

1. Intellectual Aspect- this pertains to our way of thinking, reasoning, solving problem,
processing information and coping with the environment.

2. Emotional Aspect- this pertains to our feelings, moods, temper and strong motivational
force.

3. Social Aspect- this pertains to how we interact or relate with other people.

4. Moral Aspect- this refers to our conscienceand concept on what is good or bad.

5. Psychosexual Aspect- this pertains to our being a man or a woman and the expression of
love.

6. Political Aspect- this pertains to our ideology towards society and government.

7. Value/Attitude Aspect- this pertains to our interest towards something, our likes and
dislikes.

Determinants of Human Behavior

1. Heredity- the transmission of genetic characters from parents to offsprings. This refers to
the genetic influences; those are explained by heredity, the characteristics of a person

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acquired from birth transferred from one generation to another.

2. Environment Factors- this refers to anything around the person that influences his action
such as family background and community.

3. Needs-is a biological requirement for well-being of the individual.

4. Drives- an aroused state of psychological tension that typically arises from a need. A
drive, such as hunger or thirst, motivates the organism to act in ways that will reduce the
tension. So, for example, when you become hungry (tension caused) by need for food) you
are motivated to eat (method of reducing the tension).

Quality of Human Behavior

1. Duration- refers to the aspects of human behavior in terms of function of time, how long
or briefs the interval.

2.Extensity- traits of human behavior which centers on size, distance and location.

3. Intensity- features of human behavior which focuses in terms of magnitude, mild, strong.

4. Quantity- refers to the aspect of human behavior dealing with the normal and abnormal
behavior

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ENHANCEMENT ACTIVITY/OUTCOME

Activity 1. Explain briefly in your own the following;

1. Human Behavior

2. Normal Behavior

3. Abnormal Behavior

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Activity 2.

Explain briefly in your own the four (4) classification of Human behavior. Write
inside the box your answer.

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REFLECTION

Write inside the box about your feeling in this activity and reason why.

REFERENCES:

 Nieliza F. Cepeda Human behavior and Crisis Management

 Tancangco, D. (2018) Victimology

 Eduardo J., Panganoron (2015) Human Behavior and Crisis Management

 Kirchengast, T. (2017) Victimology and Victim Rights

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PRELIMINARY ACTIVITY

ACTIVITY 1. EXPLAIN THE MOTIVATION TO HUMAN BEHAVIOR? WRITE

YOU ANSWER INSIDE THE BOX.

TOPIC 2

Theories that Explain Motivation to Human Behavior

OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the lesson, students are expected to;

 Understand the theories that Explain Motivation to Human Behavior

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  Understand the Organization of the Mind

 Know the Freud’s Psychosexual Development

 Understand the types of Abnormal behavior and

 Types of Neurosis

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

Human behavior and Victimology handouts and power point

DURATION: TWO WEEKS

TEACHING-LEARNING ACTIVITY/LESSON PROPER

Theories that Explain Motivation to Human

Behavior
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A. Human Needs or Hierarchy of Needs Theory by Abraham Maslow

1. Physiological Needs- needs such as food, water, shelter, rest, sleep, activity and
temperature maintenance for survival.

2. Safety and Security Needs- the need for safety has both physical and psychological
aspects.

person needs to feel safe both in the physical environment and in relationship.

3. Love and Belonging Needs- the third level needs includes giving and receiving
affection, attaining a place in group, and maintaining the feeling of belonging. 4. Cognitive
Needs- the individuals for learning exploration.

5. Self-esteem Needs- the individual needs both self-esteem

6. Aesthetic Needs- the needs for beauty and order.

7. Self-Actualization- When the need for self-esteem is satisfied, the individual strives for
self-actualization, the innate need to develop one’s maximum potential and realize one’s
abilities and qualities.

B. Psychoanalytic Theory by Sigmund Freud

- This theory explained by Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) was an Austrian physician who
worked as neurologist, that human behavior is motivated by an inner force called the
human mind.

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- Freud theorized that people have two (2) basic instincts- Sexual and Aggression. These
two (2) basic instincts are not always socially acceptable.

- For Freud, a person’s core tendency is to maximize instinctual gratification while

minimizing punishment and guilt.

Organization of the Mind

1. Id- represents psychological energy, or libido and it operates on pleasure principles

which can be understood as a demand to take care of needs immediately.

2. Ego- is the one that relates to the world or reality to satisfy the demands of the Id.
3. Super-ego- is the one that rewards the moral behavior and punishes actions that are not
acceptable by creating guilt.

Freud’s Psychosexual Development

1. Oral Stage- 0-18 months the infant’s pleasured is believed to center around gratification
from using his mouth for sucking and satisfying hunger. Feeling and activities are focused
on & expressed by the mouth and are orally dominated.

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2. Anal Stage- a8 months – 3 yeas –begins with attainment of neuromuscular control of
the anal sphincter. Toilet training is the crucial issue requiring delayed gratification in
compromising between enjoyment of bowel function and limitations set by social
expectation for type toddler.

3. Phallic Stage- 3 to 6 years increased curiosity regarding on the genitals, questioning and
self-stimulation or masturbation.

4. Latent Stage- 6-12 years the child realizes that desires directed to the parent of opposite
sex are not feasible, and become occupied with can now be expressed in an overt
heterosexual relationship.

Study of Abnormal Behavior its definition types

A. Definition
Abnormal Behavior- is a behavior that deviates from what is commonly accepted by group
or society.

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B. Types of Abnormal Behavior

1. Neurosis- Also called psychoneurosis. A functional disorder in which feelings of

anxiety, obsessional thoughts, compulsive acts, and physical complaints without objective
evidence of disease, in various degrees and patterns, dominated the personality.

2. Psychosis- refers to an abnormal condition of the mind described as involving a “loss of

contact with reality”.

3. Personality Disorders- are a class of mental disorders characterized by enduring

maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition and inner experience, exhibited across many
contexts and deviating markedly from those accepted by the individual’s culture.

Types of Neurosis

1.Anxiety Disorder- A chronic condition characterize by an excessive and persistent sense

of
Apprehension, with physical symptoms such ussweating, palpitation, and feelings of stress.

Treatments include the comfort offered by understanding the condition, avoiding or

desensitizing

Exacerbating situations, and medications.

2. Depression- a mental state of altered, mood characterize by feelings of sadness, despair,

and discouragement; distinguished from grief, which is realistic proportionate to a personal
loss.

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3. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) – is characterize by unreasonable thoughts and
fears (obsession) that lead you to do repetitive behaviors.

4. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PSTD)- is a mental health condition that’s by a

terrifying event—either experiencing it or witnessing it.

5. Dissociative disorder (DD) – are conditions that involve disruptions or breakdowns of

memory , awareness , identity , or perception.

The Different types of Dissociation

1. Amnesia- This is when you can’t remember incidents or experiences. That happened at a
particular time, or when you can’t remember important personal information.

2. Depersonalization- a feeling that your body is unreal, changing or dissolving. It also

includes out of body experiences, such a seeing yourself as if watching a movie.

3. Decreolization- The world around you seems unreal. You may see objects changing in
shape, size or color, or you may feel that other people are robots.

4. Identity confusion- Feeling uncertain about who you are. You may feel as if there is a
struggle within to define yourself.

5. Identity alteration- There is when there is a shift in your role or identity that changes
your behavior in ways that others could notice. For instance, you may be very different at

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work from when you are at home.

D, Types of Psychosis

1. Schizophrenia or Dementia Praecox- a psychiatric disorder characterized by disorder

thinking and behavior, which often includes delusions and hallucinations. Psychotic
symptoms are experienced for at least six months, together with significant social or
occupational dysfunction.

2. Schizophreniform disorder: symptoms are similar to schizophrenia, but persist for

between one and six months. .

3. Schizoaffective disorder: prominent mood symptoms occur with the characteristic

symptoms of schizophrenia, but occasionally psychotic symptoms are experienced in the
absence of mood symptoms.

4. Delusional disorder: involves holding strong, false beliefs (delusions). Hallucinations are
usually not present. Apart from the neither impact of the delusions, psychosocial
functioning may not be marked impaired nor behavior blatantly strange. However, under
some circumstances delusions are sufficiently false to cause problems with day-to-day life.

5. Substance-included psychosis: drug and alcohol use or withdrawal can result in

psychotic symptoms. These may disappear once the effects of the substances or withdrawal

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symptoms wear off. In some cases, psychosis persist after the initial substance-include
psychosis. This is common with stimulant drugs, e.g. methamphetamine.

6. Dementia: psychotic symptoms may appear with memory disturbances in conditions that
cause physiological deterioration of the brain, such as a head injury, AIDS, or a brain
tumor.

7. Bipolar disorder (manic depression): psychosis generally appears as part of a more

general severe mood disturbance. Psychotic symptoms tend to match your mood. (for
example, when depressed, you may hear voices urging you to commit suicide.)

8. Major Depressive Disorder: psychosis can be a feature of a severe major depression.

9. Postpartum psychosis: psychosis that may develop during the six month period after
childbirth. This is usually part of severe mood disorder.

10. Delirium: psychotic symptoms may be part of an acute confessional state that results
from another severe medical disorder, such as meningitis, septicemia or after an epileptic
convulsion.

11. Brief psychotic episode: psychotic symptoms appear suddenly in response to a

recognizable and highly stressful life event, such as being a victim of violent crime.
Symptoms may be severe but are short-lived: the psychosis lasts between one day and one
month. You may or may not be aware of your bizarre behavior.

12. Psychosis due to a general medical condition:psychotic symptoms may appear as a

result of brain tumors, epilepsy, and other chronic medical conditions. The psychotic
symptoms can sometimes be the first sign of the underlying medical condition.

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ENHANCEMENT ACTIVITY/OUTCOME
Activity 1.
Explain the briefly the Organization of the Mind in your own. Write your answer inside the
box.

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Activity 2.
Explain the Freud’s Psychosexual Development in your own. Write your answer inside the
box.

Activity 3.
Explain the Types of Abnormal behavior

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REFLECTION

Write inside the box about your feeling in this activity and reason hwy.

31
REFERENCES:

 Nieliza F. Cepeda Human behavior and Crisis Management

 Tancangco, D.(2018) Victimology

 Eduardo J., Panganoron (2015) Human Behavior and Crisis Management

 Kirchengast, T. (2017) Victimology and Victim Rights

PRELIMINARY ACTIVITY

ACTIVITY 1.

WHAT THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SCHIZOID PERSONALITY DISORDER AND

BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER?

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TOPIC 3

Types of Personality Disorder

OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

 Understand the Schizoid Personality Disorder

 How to Calm an Angry Person

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS
Human behavior and Victimology handouts and power point

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DURATION: ONE WEEK

TEACHING-LEARNINF ACTIVITY/LESSON PROPER

1. Schizoid Personality Disorder

Schizoid personalities are introverted, withdrawn, solitary, emotionally cold, and distant.
They are often absorbed with their intimacy with others.

2. Paranoid Personality Disorder

 The essential feature for this type of personality disorder is interpreting the actions
of others a deliberately threatening or demeaning.

 People with paranoid personality disorder are untrusting, unforgiving, and prone to
angry or aggressive outbursts without justification because they perceive others as
unfaithful, disloyal, condescending or deceitful.

 This type of person may also be jealous, guarded, secretive, and scheming, and may
appear to be emotionally “cold” or excessively.

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3. Schizotypal Personality Disorder
 A pattern of peculiarities best describes those with schizotypal personality
disorder.

 People may have odd or eccentric manners of speaking of dressing.

 Strange, outlandish or paranoid beliefs and thoughts are common.

 People with schizotypal personality disorder have difficulties forming relationships

and experience extreme anxiety in social situations.

4. Antisocial Personality Disorder

 People with antisocial personality disorder characteristically act out their conflicts
and ignore normal rules of social behavior.

 These individuals are impulsive, irresponsible, and callous.

 Typically, the antisocial personality has a history of legal difficulties, quarrelsome

and irresponsible behavior, aggressive and even violent relationships.

 They show no respect for other people and feel no remorse about the effects of
their behavior on others.

 These people ware at high risk for substance abuse, especially alcoholism, since it
helps them to relieve tension, irritability and boredom.

5. Borderline Personality Disorder

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  People with borderline personality disorder are unstable in several areas, including
interpersonal relationships, behavior, mood, and self-image.

 Abrupt and extreme mood changes, stormy interpersonal relationships, an unstable

and fluctuating self-image, unpredictable and self-destructive actions characterize
the person with borderline personality disorder.

 These individuals generally have great difficulty with their own sense of identity.

 They often experience the world in extremes, viewing others as either “all good” or
“all bad”.

 A person with borderline personality may form an intense personal attachment with
someone only to quickly dissolve it over a perceived slight.

6. Narcissistic Disorder

 People with narcissistic personality have an exaggerated sense of self-importance,

are absorbed by fantasies of unlimited success, and seek constant attention.

 The narcissistic personality is oversensitive to failure and often complains of

multiple somatic symptoms. Prone to extreme mood swings between self-
admiration and insecurity, these people tend to exploit interpersonal relationships.

7. Avoidant Personality Disorder

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  Avoidant personalities are often hypersensitive to rejection and are unwilling to
become involved with others unless they are sure of being liked.

 Excessive social discomfort, timidity, fear of criticism, avoidance of social or work

activities that involve interpersonal contact are characteristic of the avoidant
personality.

8. Dependent Personality Disorder

 People with dependent personality disorder may exhibit a pattern of dependent and
submissive behavior, relying on others to make decisions for them.

 They require excessive reassurance and advice, and are easily hurt by criticism or
disapproval.

 They feel uncomfortable and helpless if they are alone, and can be devastated when
a close relationships ends.

9. Obsessive-Compulsive Personality

 Compulsive personalities are conscientious and have high levels of aspiration, but
they also strive for perfection.

 Never satisfied with their achievements, people with compulsive personality

disorder take on more and more responsibilities.

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 How to Calm an Angry

- Calming an angry person requires a lot of patience. When someone’s feeling heated
up, hearing the words “calm down” just make matters worse. Being a good listener
and offering some good distractions can both help. However, when someone’s
anger is explosive or unpredictable, walk away instead of attempting to use reason.

1. Avoid a fight.

- When someone else is at boiling point, getting equally angry is only going to make
matters worse.
- A way to remain neutral is to let go of your own ego and not take things personally.

2. Try not to get defensive.

- When someone’s so mad they can barely speak in a level tone, it’s easy to absorb
that negativity and feel defensive.
- When you are communicating with someone who is angry, realize that the anger is
likely not about you.

3. Stay in the present.

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 - People who are angry will often bring up situations or conversations from the past,
particularly if they are trying to draw you into their anger.

- Try to counteract that by keeping them focused on the present situation and solving
a solution to the current problem. Don’t let yourself get draw in to feeling angry
about past events.

4. Stay calm and quit.

- If someone is yelling, you can decide to let them yell to blow off steam, but the best
thing for you to do is remain quiet or to say nothing. If you do speak, keep a quiet
level voice.
- If you remain quiet, try to keep a neutral facial expression and open body language.
You remain in more control if you do not react to the “bait” of the person yelling.

5. De-escalting Someone’s Anger

- Apologize if you were in the wrong. If you did something to anger the person,
maybe what they need is a heartfelt apology;

- Apologizing is not a sign of weakness. It shows that you care about the feelings of
the other person.

6. Don’t say “calm down”

- Someone who is really angry is being ruled by their emotions and is not accessing
the rational part of their brain.
- Trying to use reason or making suggestion to “remain calm” or “be reasonable” are
likely to fuel the fire and make the person feel invalidated.

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7. Use good listener techniques

- When people are feeling emotional they want to know someone understands. Really
listen to the person talk.

- Look him or her in the eye, nod when appropriate and ask questions to find out
more. The act of conversing and feeling heard could help the person calm down.

8. Validate the person’s feelings

- Everyone gets angry from time to time. Sometimes anger actually masks another
emotion, like feeling hurt, embarrassed or sad. Whatever the reason for the person’s
anger, listen to them and respond by validating hid feeling (without necessarily
agreeing with them). You should also withhold judgment of the person, as judging
will likely come through in your words or body language As a lack of support.

9. Show empathy

- Empathy can take the form of understanding another’s perspective, feeling distress
at the trouble of another person and being able to relate to the emotions of another.

- Showing empathy towards someone who is angry may take the form of showing
that you have been listening to him and know what he is saying.

- To empathize with someone who is angry, try paraphrasing the source of their
anger back to them. You might say. “so, you are saying that you feel angry because
you think you have to take on all the household responsibilities alone.”

10. Lighten the situation with humor

- You may have to read the situation or know the angry person fairly well to

40
determine whether this approach will work.

- Humor can effectively fight anger because it changes the chemical processes in the
body. Making a joke or stopping and pointing out something funny in the situation and
getting both of you laughing can diffuse the situation and could snap the person out his
anger.

11. Give the person some space

- Some people are talkers and some people prefer to process their emotions alone. If
the idea of talking it out just seems to make the person madder, give them some space and
time instead.

- Most people take at least 20 minutes to calm down from anger, but some may need
even longer.

- If you think someone needs some time alone, try saying “I understand that you are
angry, but I don’t feel like I am helping you feel better and I think you may need a few
minutes to yourself. I’ll be right here for you if or when you feel ready to talk”.

ENHANCEMENT ACTIVITY/OUTCOME

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Activity 1. Give at least three (3) Types of Personality Disorder and Explain briefly in your
own write your answer inside the box.

Activity 2. Give at least five (5) How to Calm an Angry Person and Explain briefly in your
own. Write you’re inside the box.

REFLECTION

Write your answer inside the box about your feeling in this activity.
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REFERENCES:

 Nieliza F. Cepeda Human behavior and Crisis Management

 Tancangco, D. (2018) Victimology

 Eduardo J., Panganoron (2015) Human Behavior and Crisis Management

 Kirchengast, T. (2017) Victimilogy and Victim Rights

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PRELIMINARY ACTIVITY

Why Victimology and Criminal behavior focuses on the criminal event from both the
perspective of victims and the motives of offenders? DISCUSS YOURE ANSWER

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TOPIC 4

Victimology

OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:

 Understand the Victimology

 Know the types of Victimization

 Know the Typology of Criminals Victims

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

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 Human behavior handout and power point

DURATION TWO WEEKS

TEACHING-LEARNING ACTIVITY/LESSON PROPER

Victimology

- Is the study of victimization, including the psychological effects on victims,

relationships between victims and offenders, the interaction between victims and
the criminal justice system- that is, the police and courts, and corrections officials-
and the connections between victims and other social groups.

- Victimilogy and Criminal behavior focuses on the criminal event from both the
perspective of victims and the motives of offenders. It examines victimization
patterns, typologies, lifestyles, causal factors, consequences, and the treatment of
victims by the criminal justice system.

Victim – a victim is a person who suffers direct or threatened physical, emotional or

financial harm as a result of an act by someone else, which is a crime.

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Types of Victimization
 Sexual Misconduct

 Rape

 Sexual touching

 Sexual Harassment

 Stalking

 Physical Assault/Battery

 Dating/Relationship/Domestic Violence

 Theft

 Threat of Harm

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Sexual Misconduct- is an umbrella term that includes any non-consensual sexual activity
that is committed by force or fear or mental or physical incapacitation, including through
the use of alcohol or drugs. Sexual misconduct can vary in its severity and consists of a
range of behavior, including rape, statutory rape (sexual contact with a person under 18
years old), sexual touching, sexual exploitation, sexual harassment, and conduct suggestive
of attempting to commit any of the aforementioned acts.

Rape- Rape is the sexual penetration (however slight) of the victim’s vagina, mouth, or
rectum without consent.

- Rape involves penetration with (a) the use of force/fear or the threat of force/fear,
or (b) with a person who is otherwise incapable of giving consent, including
situations where the individual is under the influence of alcohol or drugs and this
condition was should have reasonably been known to the accused.
Sexual Touching- Sexual touching, also known as sexual battery, is the act of making
unwanted and sexually offensive contact (clothed or unclothed) with an intimate body part
of another person or action, which causes immediate apprehension that sexual touch will
occur. Intimate body parts organs, anus, the groin, breasts or buttocks of any person.
- Sexual touching includes situations in which the accused engages in the contacts
described with a person who is incapable of giving consent.
Sexual Exploitation- Sexual exploitation is the taking advantage of a non-consenting
person or situation for personal benefit or gratification or for the benefit of anyone other
than the alleged victim; and the behavior does not constitute rape, sexual touching or
sexual harassment.
- Sexual exploitation includes, but is not limited to:
 Photographing or making audio or video recording of sexual activity
without consent.
 Dissemination of images or recordings without consent of the
participant(s);
 Allowing others to observe sexual activity without the knowledge or
consent of the partner;
 Voyeurism (peeping tom);

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  Knowingly transmitting a sexually transmitted infection or HIV to another
student;
 Prostituting another person;
 Giving alcohol or other drugs to another student with the intention of
rending him or her incapable of giving consent.

Sexual Harassment- Sexual Harassment is any unwelcome sexual conduct or behavior that
creates an intimidating, hostile or offensive working or education environment.

- Stalking-Stalking is prohibited. It is willful, malicious and repeated following of a

person or harassing behaviors against another person, putting the person in
reasonable fear for his or her personal safety, or the safety of his or her family. This
includes use of notes, mail, gifts, communication

technology (e.g., voicemail, text messages, internet and social networking sites- using any
electronic or telecommunication is also known as cyber-stalking) to harass or convey
threat. This offense may also be treated as a type of sexual misconduct in certain situations.

Physical Assault/Battery-Physical assault or battery is prohibited.

- It is to touch or strike a person against his or her will or to threaten violence against
that person.

Dating/Relationship Domestic- Dating/relationship/domestic Violence is prohibited.

- This type of violence may be emotional, verbal, physical and/or sexual abuse by an
intimate partner, family members or parties in a dating relationship.

Theft-Theft is the unlawful and unauthorized removal of any personal property for ones
own use.

Threat of Harm- Conveyances of threats, which result in, or may result in, harm to any
person by willful and deliberate means is prohibited.

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Victimology
- Studies the nature and cause of victimization.
a. Bonger- Classified crimes by the motives of the offenders as economic crimes,
sexual crimes, political and miscellaneous crimes with vengeance as the principal
motive.

White Collar Crimes

- Crimes committed by persons on the upper socio economic level of occupying a
high position in the organization.

EHANCEMENT ACTIVITY/OUTCOME

Activity 1. What is Victimology? Explain briefly in your own. Write inside the box your
answe

Activity 2. Give at least five (5) Types of Victimization. Explain in your own. Write your
answer inside the box

REFLECTION

Write inside the box about your feeling in this activity and reason why.

50
REFERENCES:

 Nieliza F. Cepeda Human behavior and Crisis Management

 Tancangco, D. (2018) Victimology

 Eduardo J., Panganoron (2015) Human Behavior and Crisis Management

 Kirchengast, T. (2017) Victimilogy and Victim Rights

PRELIMINARY AVTIVITY

ACTIVITY 1. AS A POLICE OFFICER HOW TO HELP CRIME VICTIMS?

DISCUSS YOURE ANSWER.

TOPIC 5

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Theories of Crime Causation, Theory Advocators Concepts
OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:

 Understand the Victim classification
 Know how to help Crime Victims

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

Human Behavior hand out and power point

DURATION: TWO WEEKS

TEACHING-LEARNING/LESSON PROPER

Victim Classification
- Victimology is concerned with three categories of victim: primary victims,
secondary victims and related victims. This is because crime creates a ripple effect,
depending on the severity of the offense. The following are the three main types of
victims discussed in the study of victimology:
 Primary victims- are individuals who are injured or otherwise directly affected by a
crime committed against them. For example, the primary victim of an armed
robbery loses his or her possessions and may require therapy to cope after
experiencing violence.
 Secondary victim- are present at the scene of a crime and may be injured as a result
of witnessing it. They might also be the parent or guardian of the primary victim.
The family and friends of the robbery victim above would be considered secondary
victims because the crime has indirectly affected them.
 Related victims- are people who are dependent on the primary victim, have a close
relationship with the primary victim or are connected to the victim in some other
way. For example, the neighbors of the robbery victim would be considered related
victims if the crime occurred on their street.

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How to help Crime Victims
- Often, victims experience trauma after being exposed to crime. Of course, this
trauma may stem from physical injury. But emotional trauma is just as common.
The National Center for Victims of Crime notes that common effects include
intense stress reactions and exhaustion, along with “emotional wounds or shocks
that may have long-lasting effects”. No two victims are alike , so providing
advocacy and access to resources is personalized to each case. Though they may
not carry out all of these services directly, criminal justice professionals can help
victims access resources such as the following:
-
 Assistance in filing compensation claims
 Counseling or therapy
 Domestic violence shelters
 Grief counseling for secondary or related victims
 Crisis hotlines

- Criminal justice professionals have the unique opportunity to work with victims
and help them take steps to recover.
-
Theories of Victimization
Lack of capable guardians
 Police officers
 Homeowners
 Security Systems
Motivated offenders
 Teenage boys
 Unemployed
 Addict population

Suitable targets

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  Capacity jewelry
 Expensive Cars
 Easily transportable goods

Theory of Personal Victimization

 Lifestyle stands the centerpiece of the theory of personal victimization because it is
the patterned routines of a person’s everyday activities that predict the chances of
exposure to high-risk situations.

 Differential association refers to the concept that people who associate regularly
with others engaged in unlawful behavior are more likely to be victimized because
of their increased exposure to high-risk situations and environments.

Three Facets of Victim Precipitation

1. Victim Contribution: Victim Contribution refers to aa person’s actions or lack of action

that makes their victimization more likely.

2. Victim proneness: This implies that some individuals or groups have a quality that
makes them more likely to become a victims of crimes. This can also refer to the fact that
some victims are easily targets. For example, illegal immigrants may be targeted because
they cannot report victimization to the police for fear of being deported.

3. Victim Provocation: The victim provocation theory suggests that the victim is the
primary cause of his her victimization.

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Theories of Crime causation and theory advocators concepts
 Demonological Theory Individuals were thought to be possessed by good or evil
spirits, which caused good or evil spirit.
 Neo- classical theory Children and lunatics cannot be calculate pain and pleasure,
therefore, must be exempted to criminal liability.
 Classical theory Cesare Beccaria & Jeremy Bentham
- Utilitarian Hedonism which explains that a person always acts in such a way to
seek pleasure always acts in such a way as to seek pleasure and void pain.
(Bentham)
- Men are rational being who has the freewill to choose between good or evil.
(Beccaria)
 Positivist theory
- Raffaele Garofalo, Enrico and Cesare Lombroso
- Criminals are like sick people who requires rehabilitation rather than the imposition
of punishment.
 Anomie theory
- Emile Durkein
- Crime is an important ingredient to all healthy socities.
 Psychoanalytical theory
- Sigmund freud
- Crime is a symbolic expression of one’s inner tension which a person but fails to
control.
 Somatotyping theory
- William Sheldon
- Heredity is the primary determinant of one’s behavior and body physique is a
reliable indicator of one’s personality.
 Differential Association theory
- Edwin Sutherland
- Criminal behavior is learned through social interaction in the process of
communication.

 Strain theory

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 -Robert king Merton
- it maintains that the failure of a man to achieve a higher status of life caused them
to commit crimes in order for that status or goal to be attained.

 Cartographical School of Criminology

-Adolphe Quetelet
-Crimes against person increase during summer and crimes against property
increase during winter.

 General Inferiority Theory

-Earnest Hooton
- Criminals are originally inferior and that crime is the result of the environment.

 Evolution Theory
-Charles Darwin
-Humans, like other animals, are parasites.

 -Man is an organism having an animalistic behavior that is dependent on other

animals for survival. Thus, man kills and steals tolive

 Labeling theory
- Frank Tannenbaum, Edwind Lemrt and Howard Becker
- Behavior becomes criminal if it is labeled as such.
ENHANCMENT ACTIVITY/OUTCOME

Activity 1. Explain briefly in your own the Victims Classification. Write your answer
inside the box
Activity 2. Explain the three Facets of Victim in your own. Write your answer inside the
box
REFLECTION
Write inside the box about your feeling in this activity and reason why.

REFERENCES

 Nieliza F. Cepeda Human behavior and Crisis Management

 Tancangco, D. (2018) Victimology

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  Eduardo J., Panganoron (2015) Human Behavior and Crisis Management

Kirchengast, T. (2017) Victimilogy and Victim Rights



ANTONIO R. PACHECOCOLLEGE Inc.

San Gregorio Ext., Kimpo Subdivision, Cotabato City

College Level, Criminology Department

Final Examination

Name: Time / Date: Score:

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Instructor: Hasmin S. Mantorino Subject/Year:

General Direction: This is a 100-items test, read each direction written in every
type of test, answer this test in 1 hour in 30 minutes .Write your answer directly.

TEST | Identification: 1pts each

_______________1. A psychiatric disorder characterized by disorder thinking and behavior,

which often includes delusions and hallucinations.

______________2. Psychotic symptoms are experienced for at least six months, together
with significant social or occupational dysfunction.

_______________3. Symptoms are similar to schizophrenia, but persist for between one and
six months.

_______________4. Delusional disorder: involves holding strong, false beliefs (delusions).

Hallucinations are usually not present.

_______________5.from the neither impact of the delusions, psychosocial functioning may

not be marked impaired nor behavior blatantly strange. However, under some circumstances
delusions are sufficiently false to cause problems with day-to-day life.

_______________6. Drug and alcohol use or withdrawal can result in psychotic symptoms.

_______________7. Psychotic symptoms may appear with memory disturbances in

conditions that cause physiological deterioration of the brain, such as a head injury, AIDS, or
a brain tumor.

_______________8.Psychosis generally appears as part of a more general severe mood

disturbance. Psychotic symptoms tend to match your mood. (for example, when depressed,
you may hear voices urging you to commit suicide.

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_______________9. Can be a feature of a severe major depression.

________________10. Is a person who suffers direct or threatened physical, emotional or

financial harm as a result of an act by someone else, which is a crime?

_______________11. Is an umbrella term that includes any non-consensual sexual activity

that is committed by force or fear or mental or physical incapacitation, including through the
use of alcohol or drugs.

______________12. May be emotional, verbal, physical and/or sexual abuse by an intimate

partner, family members or parties in a dating relationship.

______________13. The transmission of genetic characters from parents to off springs. This
refers to the genetic influences; those are explained by heredity, the characteristics of a
person acquired from birth transferred from one generation to another.

______________14.This refers to anything around the person that influences his action such
as family background and community.

_______________15.A biological requirement for well-being of the individual.

______________16. . A feeling that your body is unreal, changing or dissolving. It also

includes out of body experiences, such a seeing yourself as if watching a movie.

______________17. The world around you seems unreal. You may see objects changing in
shape, size or color, or you may feel that other people are robots.

_______________18. Feeling uncertain about who you are. You may feel as if there is a
struggle within to define yourself.

______________19.There is when there is a shift in your role or identity that changes your
behavior in ways that others could notice.

______________20. You may be very different at work from when you are at home.

TEST || ENUMERATION

1. Enumerate the Theories of Crime causation and theory advocators concepts?

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2. Enumerate the Types of Victimization?

TEST ||| DEFINITION OF TERM

1. VICTIMILOGY –

2. HUMAN BEHAVIOR-

3. NORMAL BEHAVIOR-

4. POSITIVIST THEORY-

5. CLASSICAL THEORY-

6. ANOMIE THEORY-

7. NEO CLASSICAL THEORY-

8. RAPE-

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9. THEFT-

10. PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS-

11. STRAIN THEORY-

12. GENERAL INFERIORITY THEORY-

13. EVOLUTION THEORY-

14. LABELLING THEORY-

15. EVOLUTION THEORY-

TEST V ESSAY

1. Give at least five (5) Types of Victimization. Explain in your own. Discuss your answer.

2. Give at least three (3) Types of Personality Disorder and Explain briefly in your own.
DISCUSS YOUR ANSWER.

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3. Explain briefly in your own the four (4) classification of Human behavior. Discuss
your answer.

GOODLUCK FUTURE CRIMINOLOGIST

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