Bigay 3 B1

PHILIPPINE MERCHANT MARINE SCHOOL- Senior High School
DETERMINATION OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF Origanum vulgare

ESSENTIAL OIL MOSQUITO REPELLENT
A Capstone Project Presented to the Faculty

of Senior High School Department of
Philippine Merchant Marine School
Las Piñas City
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the

course Capstone Project for the Second
Semester, School Year 2021-2022
John Thomas B. Bigay

Rawenn Andrew J. Lardizabal
Anne Gella Cates P. Panizales
Ylhex H. Pangilinan
Ken Eldrich Jacob F. Salazar
May 2022
Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM) i

APPROVAL SHEET
This Research entitled “DETERMINATION OF PHYSICAL

PROPERTIES OF ORIGANUM VULGARE ESSENTIAL OIL MOSQUITO
REPELLENT” Prepared and Submitted by John Thomas B. Bigay,
Rawenn Andrew J. Lardizabal, Anne Gella Cates P. Panizales, Ken
Eldrich Jacob F. Salazar, Ylhex H. Pangilinan in Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements of the course Capstone Project, has been examined
and is recommended for ORAL EXAMINATION.
CHRISTIAN MARU G. GARCIA

Adviser
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade

of _____________.
Heather Nicole P. Belino
Chairman
Ana Margarita Jose Anne Corrine F. Sagun
Member Member
Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements of the

course Capstone Project for Second Semester, SY 2021-2022.
May 25, 2022 Sebastiana E. Tupaz, MAEd
Date SHS Program Head
Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM) ii

RESEARCH PAPER FINAL ORAL DEFENSE FORM
MEMBERS: RESEARCH TITLE:
1. Bigay, John Thomas B. “DETERMINATION OF PHYSICAL

2. Lardizabal, Rawenn
PROPERTIES OF ORIGANUM
Andrew J.
3. Pangilinan, Ylhex H. VULGARE ESSENTIAL OIL
4. Panizales, Anne Gella
MOSQUITO REPELLENT”
Cates P.
5. Salazar, Ken Eldrich Jacob
F.
___TOPIC ___PROPOSAL _✔_FINAL
DATE: May 12, 2022
TIME: 10:15-11:00 AM
EVALUATION: VENUE: GOOGLE MEET

____PASSED with MAJOR REVISIONS
✔ PASSED with MINOR REVISIONS PANEL COMPOSITION:
____ REJECTED RESEARCH STUDY
Signature of the Panelists:

1. HEATHER NICOLE BELINO
1. _______________________________ 2. ANA MARGARITA JOSE
2. _______________________________
3. ANNE CORRINE F. SAGUN
Noted by:
CHRISTIAN MARU G. GARCIA • RESEARCH STUDY evaluated as PASSED

Research Adviser
with major or minor revisions shall consult the
RESEARCH ADVISER before going to
SEBASTIANA E. TUPAZ BOOKBINDING.
SHS Program Head
• RESEARCH STUDY evaluated as
REJECTED SHALL UNDERGO AGAIN A
RESEARCH TITLE DEFENSE
•
Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM) iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers would like to express their heartfelt gratitude to
the following individuals who guided and taught us throughout the
course of this study: the Almighty God for providing strength and
power of the mind, protection, and skills to enable them to complete
the study; our community, which has contributed significantly to this
study as the researcher's donation for the Origanum vulgare;
and Christian Maru G. Garcia, the thesis adviser, for his continuous
effort in guiding the researchers throughout the study.
Finally, the researchers' parents. Most notably, for the love,
financial, and unconditional support they demonstrated during the
development of this research study, the friends and classmates, for
their guidance and support throughout the whole research study.
Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM) iv

ABSTRACT
Origanum vulgare (oregano), a mint family plant that may be
grown both indoors and outdoors, has mosquito repellent properties
in the essential oil extracted from it. Mosquitoes continue to be a
problem in many people's lives today, causing diseases such as
dengue, yellow fever, zika, and chikungunya. Many mosquito
repellents have been developed, but they all have disadvantages. In
this study, the researchers wanted to create repellent or essential oil
of O. vulgare (oregano) instead of another repellent that is expensive
and contains chemicals that are harmful to health and the
environment. The study was conducted at Philippine merchant
Marine School during the months of March 2022 to May 2022.
In the development of the project, the following processes were
used: cutting, steam distillation, collecting, storing, separation. The
observation was carried out the next day after pouring the extracted
oil into the glass container to determine the physical appearances of
the oil responsible to its repellency.
The data obtained from the observation is similar to the other
study. Oregano essential oil has a spicy, pungent odor, a brownish

Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM) v
liquid color, and a thin consistency through observation. These
physical properties of extracted essential oils are strongly associated
to compounds with repellent activity against Aedes aegypti.
Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM) vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL SHEET ii
RESEARCH PAPER FINAL ORAL DEFENSE FORM iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv
ABSTRACT v
TABLE OF CONTENTS vii
CHAPTER I THE PROJECT AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction 1
Conceptual Framework 2
The Scientific Problem 3
Scope and Limitations of the Project 4
Significance of the Study 4
CHAPTER II THE SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE
Origanum Vulgare 6
Aedes Aegypti Mosquitoes 6
Mosquito Repellents 7
Plant-based Repellents 7
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Materials 9
Procedures 10
Possible Risks 12
CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DATA ANALYSIS 13
Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM) vii

CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Conclusions 16
Recommendations 16
REFERENCES 17
APPENDICES
A Gantt Chart 21
B Certificate of Proofreading 22
C Budget Allocation 23
D Curriculum Vitae 24
Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM) viii

CHAPTER I
The Project and Its Background
1.1 Introduction
Mosquitoes have long been a problem from then until now that
are considered pests not only because of its itch and bite pain, but
also the diseases it causes such as dengue, zika, chikungunya and
other viruses. Especially here in the Philippines, the country is located
in the Southeast Asia known as a subtropical region, Anopheles
mosquitoes thrive in regions with warm temperatures, humid
conditions, and high rainfall. Thus, tropical and subtropical areas are
ideal. Mosquitoes use containers of water as egg-deposit sites, humid
environments preferred hot, also the most amenable to mosquito
growth and survival.
There are various repellents used in the Philippines but diseases
caused by Aedes aegypti (yellow fever mosquito) remain a problem
to this day. Edillo, et al. (2015) stated that dengue is endemic in the
Philippines, the world's most important mosquito-borne disease. The
country's Department of Health reported 117,065 dengue cases on
Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM) 1

average per year from 2008 to 2012, placing it fourth in dengue
burden among Southeast Asian countries.
In this study, the researchers wanted to create a repellent to
supplement the mosquito pest control equipment by the use of
Origanum vulgare (oregano plant), besides not having to buy
because oregano leaves can be harvested from plants, it is also safer
to use than the chemicals used in making other insect repellents.
1.2 Conceptual Framework
Input Process Output

• Cutting. • Determination
of the Physical
properties of the
• Steam Distillation.
extracted
Origanum
• Origanum vulgare vulgare essential
• Collecting.
oil
• Storing.
• Separation.
Figure 1: Conceptual Framework of the Project
Figure 1 Paradigm of the Study

Figure 1 shows the physical properties of the extracted O.
vulgare essential oil as it developed. The researchers used the input-
process-output framework.
As indicated above, the study was comprised of three different
phases: planning, developing, and testing.
For the planning, all the necessary materials and principles to
conduct this study were considered. In the developing process, the
gathering and procedures were applied. Then, after completing all
the methods, the researchers conducted an observation to
determine the physical properties of the O. vulgare essential oil
produced.
1.3 Scientific Problem
The study's primary objective is to determine the physical
properties of O. vulgare essential oil that is responsible for its
repellency against Aedes aegypti. It specifically sought to answer the
following question:
1. What are the physical properties of Origanum vulgare essential oil
that is responsible for its repellency?

2. What is the appearance of Origanum vulgare essential oil in terms
of?
a) color;
b) odor;
c) consistency.
1.4 Scope and Limitations of the Project
This study assessed the determination of the physical properties of
Origanum vulgare (oregano) essential oil that responsible for
repellency against Aedes aegypti (yellow fever mosquito). It covers
the making of the repellent out of O. vulgare (Oregano). This study
was conducted and prepared in the house of the researchers to
assure the safeness of the researchers while making the project. The
study duration ranged from March 2022 to April 2022. The limitation of
the study is the researchers are only using O. vulgare.
1.5 Significance of the Project
The findings of this study will be beneficial to the students, faculty,
community residents and future researchers.
Students. This study can help students learn about the physical
properties and components of oregano essential oil.

Teachers. This study can be used as a basis and used as an example
by teachers in their class, it can be used in their presentations to
teach students about doing a capstone project.
Community Residents. The researchers can give knowledge to the
residents of the community that the herbal plants like oregano can
be a mosquito repellent. The residents of the community can use this
to prevent the wide spread of mosquito diseases like dengue, zika,
chikungunya and other viruses, that can get through the mosquito
bites.
Future Researchers. This research project will benefit future
researchers, it can provide an idea or serve as a guide for their
scientific studies regarding repellents.

CHAPTER II
The Scientific Literature
Origanum Vulgare
According to Deziel (2022) on an article “Oregano oil as a
mosquito repellent,” oregano (Origanum vulgare) is a tasty herb
sometimes used as a folk remedy for diabetes and spasms, though
little research has been conducted to support these claims. There are
some gardeners who plant oregano in their gardens to repel pests,
such as mosquitoes, and others who claim that the essential oil repels
mosquitoes. Even though scientific evidence to support this claim is
limited, oregano does contain two chemicals that are known to repel
insects, and oregano is a plant that is generally considered safe by
the U.S Food and Drug Administration, so it shouldn't hurt to
experiment.
Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes
In the study made by Matthews, et al. (2016) cited from The Global
Distribution and Burden of Dengue (2013) in the world, Aedes aegypti
vectors dengue, chikungunya, and yellow fever, damaging and

death-causing diseases that account for hundreds of millions of
infections and thousands of deaths annually. Matthews, et al. (2016)
as cited to Christopher Sr. (2009) mosquito females undergo
remarkable behavioral changes throughout their adult life, Aedes
aegypti are anautogenous, which means that they do not lay eggs
without having consumed blood.
Mosquito Repellents
In a study conducted by Logan, et al. (2010) clarified that most
mosquito repellents are available only to people in advanced
countries who are both bothered by mosquitoes. Insect repellents
containing N, N-Diethyl-m-Toluamide (DEET) are among the most
widely used and effective compounds available, and it is often
referred to as the "gold standard," as it can provide protection for up
to eight hours after application.
Plant-based Repellents
Asadollahi, et al. (2019) clarified that plant-based repellents have
become a traditional practice as a strategy against various species of
Anopheles. A significant resource for the development of natural
repellents that are alternatives to chemical repellents is the

knowledge of traditional repellent plants. Among the oils tested for
repellency, Ligusticum sinense had the highest repellency effect,
followed by citronella, pine, Dalbergia sissoo, peppermint, and
Rhizophora mucronata oils, with complete protection lasting between
9.1 and 11.5 hours. In addition, oils and extracts of some plants might
serve as eco-friendly repellents against the Anopheles species, oils
from plants may serve as substitutes for synthetic repellents in the
future because they are relatively safe, inexpensive, as well as easy to
find in many countries Asadollahi et al. (2019).
Various mosquito-control measures have been demonstrated to
be effective as a primary treatment for preventing mosquito-borne
diseases. Some herbal plants can be repellent from their essential oil
including neem oil, horticulture oils, hurried lavender flowers, soybean
oil, thyme oil, Greek catnip oil, and lemon eucalyptus oil are also safe
to use (Aldina and Seno, 2019).

CHAPTER III
Methodology
This chapter presents the materials used in the construction of

repellent using O. vulgare. It reports the whole process of how the
experiment was performed.
3.1 Materials to be used
Distillation apparatus - It was used to extract essential oil. The

researchers built it using a pressure cooker, braided hose, coil pipe,
silicone, bucket, and jubilee clip.
Knife – It was used to cut the leaves into small pieces before
putting in pressure cooker.
Jar – It was used to collect distillate water forming 2 layers, the

hydrosol on the bottom and the floating oil on its surface.
Glass container - It was used as a container of essential oil

obtained in the separation process.
Syringe - It was used to get the oil that floated on the surface of
the hydrosol, as well as to properly separate the hydrosol from the oil.

3.2 Procedure
Figure 2. Cutting. The oregano leaves and its shoots were cut
into small pieces to fit it in the pressure cooker.
Figure 3. Steam Distillation. Water is boiled and then simmered,
producing steam. Hot steam rises to the top after passing through
plant material. It passes through ice on its way, which cools it down.

Figure 4. Collecting. The condensate of this steaming process is then
collected, resulting in a hydrosol with the oil floating on the surface.
Figure 5. Storing. The glass container was store in a cool place
for one day to allow the oils to rise to the surface of the hydrosol.

Figure 6. Separation. A syringe was used to collect the
extracted oil that floats on top of the hydrosol.
Possible Risks
In this project, the following risks may be encountered:
1. Hot pressure cooker - Due to steam distillation expect
excessive heat around it. That’s why allow first the apparatus to cool
down before touching it because it can cause skin burn.
2. Driller – While using electric hand driller you should always
be careful of using it. Hand driller can may cause electric shock,
puncture wounds, cuts, and eye injuries.
3. Knife - While cutting oregano, the researchers should
always be careful to use sharp object like knife to avoid any risk.
4. Silicone Sealant – While applying silicone sealant always
remember to wear mask and gloves, because it can cause acne and
little bit irritated.

CHAPTER 4
Results
This chapter presents and interpret the data obtained by the

researchers during the observation. Related studies are included to
serve as a support for this study.
Table 1
Physical Properties of the Extracted Essential Oil
Appearance Observation
Color Brownish
Odor Pungent
Consistency Thin
As the main ingredient Origanum vulgare leaves, using steam

distillation the extracted essential reached 3 ml and stored in a glass
container. The researchers observed that after a day of storing the
hydrosol and waiting for the oil to rise from the yellow color, it turned
into a brownish liquid. It has an herbaceous and spicy odor and a thin
consistency.
In a previous study conducted by Elizalde, et al. (2010)

discussed that the steam distillation was able to extract the essential
oil of dried leaves of O. vulgare which has a yellow color. It was similar
to the result of the researchers' extraction but with a slight difference.
At first the essential oil was yellow in color and not very dark, but when

it was stored for a day to wait for the oil to rise to the surface of the
hydrosol it turned into a brownish liquid.
In a study conducted by Węglarz, et al. (2020) discussed that

spicy, herbal, medicinal, phenolic, woody, cedar, and pungent are
some of the sensory qualities of carvacrol. Other volatiles present in
different dilutions in Greek oregano essential oil, such as y-terpinene
and p-cymene, may seriously affect its sensory profile. Both
substances have a gasoline and citrus odor, while y-terpinene is still
being described as herbaceous and turpentine.
According to Symeon, et al (2010) described that oregano

essential oil had a clear dark yellow color and an herbal, spicy,
pungent odor characteristic of oregano. Its main components, as
determined by gas chromatography (Shimadzu GC-14A, MSQP2000),
were (%): carvacrol (83.10), thymol (2.10), (-terpinene (3.97), p-
cymene (3.79) and $-caryophyllene (0.93).
According to Sadgrove (2022) narrated that essential oils are

mostly translucent or pale yellow in color. A compound called
Linalool is sometimes responsible for the yellow color of essential oils.
Linalool is a yellow chemical found in a large number of essential oils.
Linalool is one of the most significant compounds, and it may be
found in a wide variety of plants.
There have been previous reports that carvacrol (75.70%),

linalool (9.0%), p-cymene (4.33%) and thymol (1.99%) are the most
abundant compounds in oregano. A clothpatch test showed O.
onites EO as repellent at the minimal effective dosage (MED) of 0.011
(*0.00) mg/cm2 against Ae. aegypti compared to the reference

control, N, N-dimethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) with a MED of
0.007*(0.03) mg/cm2 (Carroll, 2017).

CHAPTER V
Conclusion and Recommendation
This chapter summarizes the results of the tests performed on the

tested product. It also covers the recommendation that can help the
other researchers to improve the effectiveness of the product.
Conclusions
Based on the results, the following are concluded:
1. The researchers have found that oregano essential oil has a

spicy, pungent odor, a brownish liquid color, and a thin
consistency through observation.
2. The data gathered to prove that the physical properties of extracted
essential oils are strongly associated to compounds with repellent
activity against Aedes aegypti.
Recommendation
The researchers recommended the following:
1. Examine the various physical properties of oregano essential oil.
2. Conduct a test to determine the repellent's compound and the
effectiveness of the extracted essential oil against Aedes
aegypti.

REFERENCES
Aldila, D. and Seno, H. (2019), “A population dynamic model of

mosquito-borne disease transmission, focusing on mosquitoes’-based
distribution and mosquito repellent use”, Bulletin of Mathematical
Biology, Vol. 81 No. 12, pp. 4977-5008.
Asadollahi, A., Khoobdel, M., Zahraei-Ramazani, A., Azarmi, S., &

Mosawi, S. H. (2019). Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against
different Anopheles species: a systematic review. Malaria journal,
18(1), 436.
Carroll, J. F., Demirci, B., Kramer, M., Bernier, U. R., Agramonte, N. M.,
Baser, K. H. C., & Tabanca, N. (2017). Repellency of the Origanum
onites L. essential oil and constituents to the lone star tick and yellow
fever mosquito. Natural Product Research, 31(18), 2192-2197.
Deziel, C. (2022). Can Oil of Oregano Be Used as a mosquito

repellent? Hunker.
Edillo, F. E., Halasa, Y. A., Largo, F. M., Erasmo, J., Amoin, N. B., Alera,
M., Yoon, I. K., Alcantara, A. C., & Shepard, D. S. (2015). Economic
cost and burden of dengue in the Philippines. The American journal of
tropical medicine and hygiene, 92(2), 360–366.

Elizalde, J. J., & Espinoza, M. (2010). Effect of ionizing irradiation on

Origanum leaves (Origanum vulgare L.) essential oil composition.
Journal of essential oil-bearing plants, 14(2), 164-171.
Logan, J. G., Stanczyk, N. M., Hassanali, A., Kemei, J., Santana, A. E.,
Ribeiro, K. A., Pickett, J. A., & Mordue Luntz, A. J. (2010). Arm-in-cage
testing of natural human-derived mosquito repellents. Malaria journal,
9, 239.
Matthews, B. J., McBride, C. S., DeGennaro, M., Despo, O., & Vosshall,
L. B. (2016). The neurotranscriptome of the Aedes aegypti mosquito -
BMC genomics. BMC genomics. Retrieved March 30, 2022, from
Sadgrove, N. J. (2022). Fundamental Chemistry of Essential Oils and

Volatile Organic Compounds, Methods of Analysis and
Authentication. Plants 2022, 11(6), 789. doi: 10.3390/plants11060789
Symeon, G. K., Zintilas, C., Demiris, N., Bizelis, I. A., Deligeorgis, S. G.

(2010). Effects of oregano essential oil dietary supplementation on the
feeding and drinking behaviour as Well as the Activity of Broilers.
International Journal of Poultry Science 9 (4): 401-405, 2010

Węglarz, Z., Kosakowska, O., Przybyt, J., Pioro-Jabrucka, E., Baczek, K.,
(2020) The Quality of Greek Oregano (O. vulgare L. subsp. hirtum
(Link) Ietswaart) and Common Oregano (O. vulgare L. subsp. vulgare)
Cultivated in the Temperate Climate of Central Europe, 9(11), p.1671.

Appendices

Appendices
Appendix A
Gantt Chart
Months and Weeks

March April May
Activities We We We We We We We We We We We We
ek ek ek ek ek ek ek ek ek ek ek ek
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Title Defense
Chapter 1
Revisions
Chapter 2
Revisions
Methodology
Chapter 3
Revisions
Chapter 4
Revisions
Submitting all
Chapters
Submission of
Final Manuscript
Defense/Presentation
Revisions
Final Paper

Appendices
Appendix B
Certificate of Proofreading
This is to certify that the capstone project entitled Determination

of Physical Properties of Origanum Vulgare Essential Oil Mosquito
Repellent to be submitted by John Thomas B. Bigay, Rawenn Andrew
J. Lardizabal, Anne Gella Cates P. Panizales, Ken Eldrich Jacob F.
Salazar, Ylhex H. Pangilinan was edited for proper English language,
grammar, punctuation, spelling and overall style by the undersigned.
Editor
Noted by:
CHRISTIAN MARU G. GARCIA
Research Teacher/ Adviser

Appendices
Appendix C
Budget Allocation
EXPENSES PRICE
Printing Php 500
Internet Allowances Php 1,500
Bookbinding Php 1,000
Materials Php 1,525
TOTAL: Php 4,525

Appendices
Appendix D
Curriculum Vitae
I. Personal Information:
Name: John Thomas Batocabe Bigay
Grade and Section: 12-STEM B1
Email Address: johnthomasbigay2004@gmail.com
II. Educational Attainment:

A. ELEMENTARY
Name of School: Gawaran Elementary School
Inclusive Years: 2010-2016
B. JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Name of School: Bacoor National High School

Curriculum Vitae
Name: Rawenn Andrew Jimenez Lardizabal
Grade and Section: 12 STEM B1
Email Address: lardizabal200311@gmail.com

A. ELEMENTARY
Name of School: St. Michael School Inc.
Name of School: St. Michael School Inc.

Curriculum Vitae
Name: Ylhex Hilario Pangilinan
Grade and Section: 12 STEM B-1
Email Address: lpangilinan123@gmail.com

A. ELEMENTARY
Name of School: Infanta Central Elementary School
Name of School: Captain Albert Aguilar National High School

Curriculum Vitae
Name: Anne Gella Cates Pacia Panizales
Grade and Section: 12-STEM B1
Email Address: annegellapanizales@gmail.com

A. ELEMENTARY
Name of School: Gawaran Elementary School
Inclusive Years: 2010 - 2012
Name of School: Green Valley Academy
Name of School: Green Valley Academy

Curriculum Vitae
Name: Ken Eldrich Jacob Fajardo Salazar
Grade and Section: 12 STEM B-1
Email Address: kenroa012@gmail.com

A. ELEMENTARY
Name of School: Dampalit Elementary School 1
Name of School: Malabon National High School
Name of School: Las Piñas North National High School

Bigay 3 B1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Bigay 3 B1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

PHILIPPINE MERCHANT MARINE SCHOOL- Senior High School

DETERMINATION OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF Origanum vulgare

A Capstone Project Presented to the Faculty

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the

John Thomas B. Bigay

Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM) i

This Research entitled “DETERMINATION OF PHYSICAL

CHRISTIAN MARU G. GARCIA

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade

Heather Nicole P. Belino

Ana Margarita Jose Anne Corrine F. Sagun

Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements of the

May 25, 2022 Sebastiana E. Tupaz, MAEd

Date SHS Program Head

Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM) ii

RESEARCH PAPER FINAL ORAL DEFENSE FORM

MEMBERS: RESEARCH TITLE:

1. Bigay, John Thomas B. “DETERMINATION OF PHYSICAL

DATE: May 12, 2022

EVALUATION: VENUE: GOOGLE MEET

Signature of the Panelists:

CHRISTIAN MARU G. GARCIA • RESEARCH STUDY evaluated as PASSED

Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM) iii

The researchers would like to express their heartfelt gratitude to

the following individuals who guided and taught us throughout the

power of the mind, protection, and skills to enable them to complete

the study; our community, which has contributed significantly to this

study as the researcher's donation for the Origanum vulgare;

effort in guiding the researchers throughout the study.

Finally, the researchers' parents. Most notably, for the love,

financial, and unconditional support they demonstrated during the

development of this research study, the friends and classmates, for

their guidance and support throughout the whole research study.

Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM) iv

Origanum vulgare (oregano), a mint family plant that may be

grown both indoors and outdoors, has mosquito repellent properties

in the essential oil extracted from it. Mosquitoes continue to be a

problem in many people's lives today, causing diseases such as

dengue, yellow fever, zika, and chikungunya. Many mosquito

repellents have been developed, but they all have disadvantages. In

this study, the researchers wanted to create repellent or essential oil

of O. vulgare (oregano) instead of another repellent that is expensive

and contains chemicals that are harmful to health and the

environment. The study was conducted at Philippine merchant

Marine School during the months of March 2022 to May 2022.

In the development of the project, the following processes were

used: cutting, steam distillation, collecting, storing, separation. The

oil into the glass container to determine the physical appearances of

the oil responsible to its repellency.

The data obtained from the observation is similar to the other

study. Oregano essential oil has a spicy, pungent odor, a brownish

liquid color, and a thin consistency through observation. These

physical properties of extracted essential oils are strongly associated

to compounds with repellent activity against Aedes aegypti.

Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM) vi

Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM) vii

CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM) viii

The Project and Its Background

also the diseases it causes such as dengue, zika, chikungunya and

other viruses. Especially here in the Philippines, the country is located

in the Southeast Asia known as a subtropical region, Anopheles

mosquitoes thrive in regions with warm temperatures, humid