Biology Tutorial Worksheet DB014

BIOLOGY WORKSHEET

CHAPTER 6 : MUTATION
SUBTOPIC : 6.1 and 6.2
6.1 Mutation classification and types
Learning outcomes:
a) Define mutation
b) Classify mutation to i. gene / point mutation ii. chromosomal mutation
c) State two types of mutation: i. Spontaneous mutation ii. induced mutation
d) Define mutagen
e) State types of mutagen: i. physical ii. chemical
6.2 Gene mutation
Learning outcomes:
a) Define gene mutation
b) Define the four types of gene mutation
c) Describe the consequences of base substitution e.g. sickle cell anaemia
6.1 MUTATION CLASSIFICATION AND TYPES (C1)
1.
Definition of mutation :

Class of mutation Type of mutation

1. 1.
2. 2.

2. Mutagen : Definition
Types of mutagen & example

1 I KMPK
Biology Tutorial Worksheet DB014

6.2 GENE MUTATION

1. State the types of gene mutation (C2)

Figure 1

Based on Figure 1. Complete the table below.

Type of gene Description Examples
mutation
AAA ATG CTT CTC

AAA ATG TTT CTC

Base insertion

Loses of nucleotide pairs or bases in gene /

DNA

AAA ATG CTT CTC

Base inversion
AAA TAG CTT CTC

2 I KMPK
Biology Tutorial Worksheet DB014

2. Figure below shows the normal sequence of DNA (template) and mRNA with its translated
amino acid sequence.

3’_ _ _GTG GTC ATG GTG ACT_ _ _5’

5’_ _ _ CAC CAG UAC CAC UGA_ _ _3’

------ His – Gln -- Tyr – His – STOP

Parts of the genetic code table are given below:

(a) What is the amino acid sequence if,

(i) Thymine in the third triplet bases on DNA is substituted with adenine?

(ii) Guanine in the second triplet bases on DNA is substituted with adenine?

(iii) Guanine in the third triplet bases on DNA is substituted with adenine?

(b) Name the type of base substitution in (a)

3 I KMPK
Biology Tutorial Worksheet DB014

3. Figure 4 shows the DNA base sequence for normal hemoglobin and sickle cell hemoglobin.

Figure 4
(a) Define gene mutation. [1 mark]
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

(b) Identify the class of gene mutation shown in FIGURE 4. [1 mark]

______________________________________________________________________________

(c) State TWO types of mutagens. [2 marks]

______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

(d) What would be the consequences of mutation in FIGURE 4 in an affected person? [2 marks]

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

(e) State TWO classes of gene mutations that could cause frameshift mutation. [2 marks]

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

(f) Base substitution mutation introduced a stop codon in DNA base sequence of hemoglobin
gene. What kind of mutation shown by this condition and predict its effect. [2 marks]
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

4 I KMPK
Biology Tutorial Worksheet DB014

4. Figure 5 shows the normal sequence of an mRNA and its corresponding translated amino
acid.

Figure 5
The mRNA codons for some amino acids are listed below:

(a) What is the sequence of the normal template DNA strand? [1 mark]
______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

(b) Frequent exposure of the normal gene to radiation can lead to mutation, thus resulting in the
production of a mutant mRNA. What is the amino acid sequence if:
(i) uracil in the fifth codon is replaced by cytosine? [1 mark]
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

(ii) guanine in the second codon is deleted? [1 mark]

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

(c) State the type of mutation in b(i) and b(ii), and what are their effects.
(i) Mutant b(i): [2 marks]
Type : ___________________________________________________________________
Effect : __________________________________________________________________

(ii) Mutant b(ii) : [2 marks]

Type : ___________________________________________________________________
Effect : __________________________________________________________________

5 I KMPK
Biology Tutorial Worksheet DB014

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. Which of the following statement is 5. The substitution of a nucleotide is a

TRUE about mutation?
A. Translocation
A. Mutation does not change the B. Base inversion
genotype of an individual C. Point mutation
B. Mutation can be inherited if it D. Deletion
occurs in the somatic cell.
C. Mutation can only occur
6. Sickle cell anaemia is a disease caused by
spontaneously
a point mutation. What is the point
D. Mutation will affect the base
mutation type?
sequence of the DNA
A. Base substitution
B. Nonsense mutation
2. Which of the following is caused by gene
C. Inversion
mutation?
D. A and B are correct
A. Down syndrome
B. Sickle cell anaemia 7. A mutation involving the changing of one
C. Klinefelter syndrome pair of nucleotide with another pair in a
D. Cri-du-chat DNA molecule is called

A. Base substitution
3. The type of point mutation that usually
B. Base insertion
affects only a single amino acid is called
C. Base deletion
D. Base inversion
A. Base deletion
B. Frameshift mutation
C. Base substitution
D. Base inversion

4. Which the following mutagens can inhibit

spindle formation during cell division?

A. Chlorine
B. Colchicines
C. Gamma ray
D. Ultra-violet ray

6 I KMPK
Biology Tutorial Worksheet DB014

BIOLOGY WORKSHEET
CHAPTER 6 : MUTATION
SUBTOPIC : 6.3
6.3 Chromosomal mutation
Learning outcomes:
a) Define chromosomal mutation
b) State two types of chromosomal mutation
c) Define the four types of gene mutation -base substitution, base insertion, base deletion, base
inversion
d) Describe the consequences of base substitution e.g. sickle cell anaemia

6.3: CHROMOSOMAL MUTATION

1. Describe chromosomal mutation.

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
2. Complete the organizer below to classify the chromosomal mutation.
Chromosomal mutation

1. aneu
Aneuploidy
2.

3. Autoploidy
Autopolyploidy

4.
Autosomal
abnormalities

Turner syndrome

3. Complete the table below to show the types of chromosomal mutation

Chromosomal aberration Alterations in Chromosome Number
Explanation: Explanation:

7 I KMPK
Biology Tutorial Worksheet DB014

4. Complete the compare-and-contrast table of types of chromosomal aberration

Type Description Examples

ABCDEF ABCEF

Duplication
ABCDEF

Part/segment of a chromosome becomes

oriented in the reverse( turned around 180) of ABCDEF
its usual direction, rearrange the linear gene
sequence.
Translocation
ABCDEF

5. FIGURES below show the change of chromosome because of mutation. Name each type of
chromosomal aberration shown and explain your answer.

a) ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

b) ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

c) ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

8 I KMPK
Biology Tutorial Worksheet DB014

d) ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

6. Draw chromosomes for P,Q,R, S, T and U in the diagram below to show non-disjunction of
sex chromosomes during meiosis.

P Q R

S T U

7. Aneuploidy is a type alteration of chromosome number.

a) What is aneuploidy?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

9 I KMPK
Biology Tutorial Worksheet DB014

b) Explain autosomal abnormalities and their symptoms. Complete the table below.
Autosomal
Chromosome Symptom
abnormalities
Monosomy 21

Trisomy 21
(Down syndrome)

c) Explain sex chromosome aneuploids and their symptoms. Complete the table below.

Sex abnormalities Explanation Symptom

Turner

Klinefelter

8. Euploidy / polyploidy is a condition where an individual has more than two sets of
chromosomes. Two types of euploidy are autopolyploidy and allopolyploidy.
a) What is the difference between autopolyploidy and allopolyploidy? How does each arise?
Autopolyploidy Allopolyploidy
Condition

b) Identify the type of euploidy / polyploidy shown below

i) ii)

10 I KMPK
Biology Tutorial Worksheet DB014

2. Figure 7 shows karyotype of an abnormal individual.

Figure 7
(a)(i) Name the abnormality of the individual. [1 mark]
_________________________________________________________________________
(ii) How does the karyotype differ from a normal person? [1 mark]
_________________________________________________________________________
(iii) Give the number of chromosome in sperm cell of the individual in Figure 7 [1 mark]
_________________________________________________________________________
(iv) Name the type of chromosomal number alteration in FIGURE 13 and state how it happens.
[2 marks]
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
(b) Give TWO common symptoms of monosomy 21. [2 marks]
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
(c) (i) Give a common name of trisomy 2l and state how it happens. [2 marks]
_________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
(ii) State the facial characteristic of an individual with trisomy 2l. [1 mark]
_________________________________________________________________________

11 I KMPK
Biology Tutorial Worksheet DB014

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS 9. Which of the following is caused by

deletion of a large part of short arm of
5. Cri- du-chat syndrome is a result of chromosome 5?

A. Cri-du-chat
A. Non-disjunction of the sex
B. Down syndrome
chromosome
C. Sickle cell anemia
B. Non-disjunction of the
D. Thalassemia
chromosome-21
C. Gene mutation
D. Deletion of the short arm of
10. Which of the following statements is
chromosome-5
FALSE regarding a gamete missing one
chromosome?
6. Which of the following is TRUE
A. The chromosome number in the
regarding triploids?
gamete can be expressed as n-1.
B. It occurs because on non-disjunction.
A. Formed by the fusion of two C. When a gamete that is missing one
haploid gametes chromosome fuses with a normal
B. Usually fertile gamete, the chromosome number of
C. Occur when there are less than the zygote can be expressed as 2n-1.
three sets of chromosomes D. This condition is known as euploidy.
D. Cannot undergo meiosis

11. Which of the following conditions is not

7. A male with underdeveloped testes and an example of a chromosomal mutation?
some breast development most likely has
A. Inversion
A. Down syndrome B. Translocation
B. Jacobs syndrome C. Linkage
C. Turner synder D. Duplication
D. Klinefelter syndrome

12. Which type of chromosomal mutation

8. The gene arrangement on a chromosome occurs when two simultaneous break in a
changes from ABCDEF to ABCDEDEF. chromosome lead to the loss of a
This is an example of segment?

A. Deletion C. Inversion A. Inversion

B. Duplication D. Insertion B. Translocation
C. Deletion
D. Duplication

12 I KMPK