) 9temp: moeANeD Pim- 30C to 60°¢, Hn wat i

heunalPybics*
TheuOmt om t u MsScal
hotnes Coldauoss o abod Hhe clage m- temperakua
Jemperakwais He dearee o
as

30+ 25 z
X
emperakuwu Óales
X25
XC)-LAP COMbt idenity to Comnert ome
scale 0 ading

UAP-LAP to amor ChaugQ m neD SCale 145-85

LFPpemimg- poink-of comten docoen Liouad. pont
UPPboiling poiut ofucben. [ueper linad. poimt hounaD Expansiom
Koma s Cale
e c)- OC y(R) 243K oR - 80R toheu any object (matter) is hoated witput am dhome n
00-O 373-23 tS skake Hon it usualy expamds aud Huis phomominan
Roroth dano hotm icalled. H mal ePambion.
c)+2a3- Y(K) h aHaxwnodnac 3 ermal epambion wlbe loapt im 2olidaud man-m gdes
c)-d)YCE)- 39 i
im. tiwual eapilarium
too distem Hon t
saparal
ILADO being imtermolocular fosce>).
00-D 1-32 Lattentoo lalso be im *Thaznal enpanbion is ika
wadsreuila eaplibriml pes otunal expamsion photoaraphic enlargne
c) 180 32 z (P) eaoh oton Jhe eommon
OCentar brpansion
ptopent having eaual mogiude
00 on Hase Ustee ptems 's alkl Al L
temp'as empirical temp AlAT
9xC 32 =YCF) oAl OC LAT
5
Coel pieub o inaar exponsiom
LOhon uwil be 'C eanding P SCalo snodinqwill be one
4C1+oAT)|> isotrepic ohject
32 - A uoall suporakes a sbtem fom t o eacdh pasut ta ob jack is
Suondtngs (ast te swens)
-uWal 94 t s misobuopic objecl
- 4 32 Adisbnie Parous Oiatae
Ineulated) cesae allouo oALouss lesb ha
Acesmotalloo bot mab & socs tamalor .d T dn
-40 (c/e); haak mass
enchang h E cuáug but alloos ma
tronal
Ga Scale ib dusigned. titn its LAP d as 25 t s 00 nall
Oud OFP ob 225 wts.iaC scal
eKpambiom
gives a Aadma- comstawt fax åmalltempetatuw. chaug
60C, them imd Eu seading om n meuo Malo T

( C ) -O
O +(T) al= (L fT)dT
Y3-25 hconodynamic Eauilibrium
O0-6 95-25 Mechauital
5) 2)+25 Lharnal
% 0 +25 145 >Cheical
Aerio/upotiial Epamsisn. ( EPfock ondousilu
7d

Yox iootuopic.object. SV;-S,N4

SyfS, W1+TAT)
l'lCl+,AT)
b'-bl+AT) S 1+AT
.A 7l'b' S S71+PAT)
Lb(1+0,AT) (1+2ST)
A4 At (1+(AT)
4TK o obxopic.olj PpplicaHiomb
O Electtemp on tine period ok penduuumm-
AAr(+2aAT)
A Ai+bAT)
+ 40
i) Vouwwwtric epavsiom3
L+AT) T 20
b bl1+AT) V T 4LCnot)
hahl+oAT)
b'h 1+C00
Lbh-(+ oAT)
VV (1+ 3AT) T (14oCA (14ase saoKi
- 3 / VL+T AT) T -OAO
T

I t cambe usedl
8
 has
A oa Steel wi w OComstamE Volwme gas bwUmometer. -
pemdumn clock mace up
Ha dlck ibeused
V

5 at 2oC
p e u o d ef ao>tLCim PV mRT PPobLUXL at ukuown
40'C, a t
Cnate hee tua temo: POT tomp TC
aE Ele eud o oda P P u s e at tep oc
m a n y be mecesbary T P-o100
4107C O0De
-hoo
day. = 8.64x10 Sucomds Assuiming
au ideol gdby
T A PaT
Poa(o+ 243)
102 ooC1oo +243) Pza(T+273)
aTT
4x106 Poo- a(j0o) (Poo-)T
4T IOx4x0 days a Poo-B loo
100
z xtd x 8 64 x10
m a CVG temn.ometerr preb ib 80 m oHg at ico

So.48x10 s Poimt. twsuna s 96 m o{ Hg at Steam-Poim ohok

wil be t a prersua at I90'c?
6048 5 2 0 C - P- 80
96-&
48-+e tme los
2x16 P-8o
Lweek . P 80+19-2
C o o uch ttme petson lo&e Ax aaiim. he uDeda
a

penduluumm cdock modu up e ateol wye aud

Callibraed at 20o'C. is used at temp 40C Platimum. Rosistam.cu Ihomometor
Rosistamco o P wite id Yaies witu temp

TR-R J00
/00
higb BP of L
2 RI0o- Ro
xRx10T®x
10®xo
4xlo
Ackually, R=Ro(14 oAT+ BCT)+TCAT)°4
Abboute temp scols mabeial -

imdependomt
AT
8 C 4 x/01
Kaluim [cale)
T (60 48x2:4)x/0
4552 x10
 thorunodymamo T
ioolope <locus of all statesoa troo kuown P mg
hasimg-atloast
System
vaiables ot oc
>V
a t &oc has d z T 9 L a l o'c (1+ «c0)2
uodl mode.of mebal of.Im
2
a
ren
at QL 380
C mg mgs4 a
etemine Hs lougtn To- +040)
4T=(980-20) ('c) o d 2
360 (C) )2
2 Bo
. o(o-.) -ml To1 A ) oAGKL
90 om +A6)
'Li=1 (1+x LO
T-To TA
4 peactiona
(1+ 6)m T change m tm2

AG peri
Noh alat B02Lot 5m 9Lhaated hun
z
e
d
S A be amall,oAOKKI
3
e 14+ Ams
3!
e+K
loC1+0) S haak uafauml4 then

AL Lo a &
. AL
6am Anbs
metal
arciattom m. nwading_ im
Arvoags coe metal sCal
o Lintar e
L i 1 alibsotal at Ockgives cosora.ct measoemet
AR 8tnten

57AR AR =5R (1+ CAO)

AR26 R(1- aAe)|
R-
Rect om. buoyamk arce Jlomal, iEosi=

At At O Lo

At (Cot 4e)c
tod. iduuileuml
1+0A0)L-P hoated ujhenkspe
L4840
Fo 36
fee
becomes lot Al.
BimetallicSbuip ougth ComIaction-due to obslsuctton?
Euds one istted igid
A A Co+a0) e lXA&-AL
Stal Ds ackiomal chamge m. ough agaimst ils wis
z L AG -AL IhecmalL
Pel uill beon u lo lcaim Y
Comver ida hasing
Aigr o
me0 xAA
CurwaturQ.
hwinal.lA-4L
lo

(R+ LA
*he od is compbkey ohucted. Hann
TR- sigia Al7o)
ooll
R+ L+a AG)
R-d/q 1 + sAG) Elasttc PE stoad
+ a t s) A& P Ae
2 Uze, Vot
d/ a-sAG Ae)(*a®) ALo
YoxAB
A
d. (a-Og)A Fin YAsA YCoAe) ALo
R dh
Riga ASan Eponsion of gu'd,
Norbotu
Y 2
Pmawnalous expamsisn et00tter
- lat by A0c S(9'an)
SKFR Eue :0D0000
hon botn yiod aTe uormly haaked. nd
s i t t h e aital" of He too od
ofcombainer- V. ? O-99999
87
ob vol:
tHae johnt gut Slitted bg diBi
Sn e9ibscium > f = PR imitial vol. e uiaid-V|ac >&
A0+2)-%A(%A0 oth arce tuiosmly. heaked.
tuen Liguid enpamds wre contairen.
( + ) = &-Y,)4
a = , *2 -«)AG
V =Vo (1+ 4
v-V = V, (?-e)40 V- -3
Toni tial Coocdinate. o CM : oeovot enparsbm.o
igid w-TE Cankaimer
(elakive vol:expansion Coe
m4 Vol: o overlouwn
Vol eepombion ofiauid wr-Comtaine
=,(L) +m}L-) +a 2 u Coppe
20C
MtITlo
-m 4o'C
-

m +m2 TTTTT7TTTTTTTTUTTT nd ouginal

0
lougthecope
m+M2
- M AL
z
m, 40c
z
lo4o 4)
m+Tl9
in thodiun
- g - 2 JointsLuts
CM
suits
CalariemaE9y

(1)

Heat lodoz Heat gain

I calosue zmoumtef heat xag uiud to naise ua tOmpoToh

ogm o Dooker by 1(t1K). ebpeiolly om.
Ikcal 1000 cal4-5
cto 15:5c.
cal-42J

peoilc Hent Capociu

(AT) m)
9mó AT
chauge im temp.
ATs +ve >hoat is alsacbed lgaim)
AT 6-W haat s ujected toss).

Molar Heat opaciy

MS2 M
(AT) m

94T
Molar heak capoat
Cal mol C
hwma Capacy
- m 5/AT
hwtmal capaci (H)
Cal. K ol Cal c
oatent Heat -
Ohen átake et, matez chamged, tha
Cuamae m tem perakwradoes mot
take ploca amd. t a amnowmtoL haat
Ouppied, ox taken is ginem by
m L | , cohana L is lakent hoa
Ccal gn
HooJt 8LosE -
a ol'd.
Ragalakiom
Meltimg of io due to prw8ute. amd. Hs
9oSolidgicakon astd. n TOmoral, o
psrOsbI K callod ab xagelation.

atemt Heat Heaking vwe

Jeup
datent kaak akent haat Comstaut Power- P
oubion ovapousuSaion Tv
Ly d dt ms/do
Solid
P má d&
COOter-Vapau dt
Coater-ica t mi
t2
80 cal/ Ly2640 Cal/gm dd 5
P:per
gm X>b>T
tam > tam tam
Oaker enuivalent ea body oo

sCat), >(a),
Qm(aT) Q , mcombtJ
L Ly
atmal Jlwna
Capocy Copacity o
obje
C0ater
Heat lo - leat gaim.
m mo
 ot 60C
n ecmtez at loC s minud with gm..Dator
mintwra (ASk
imd the mal poad tevne ef e
0
wiltswwomelng). otenLal. g
c
no hoat enchauqe,

Heat loz heat gaim

5xx(s0-T)- 10xIx(T-10)
3005T 10T-100
15Tz4o
T 80

m ica at Ocis minec ith 10 gmumter ak 2oc.nd

Compob'tomamd kmal temp ica omintua
L480 Cal
lcalge
7 10 gm oaten at oc>l0gm water ab o'c
10xl» 20 5gmia ot|
z 200 Cal Ho gu coakez at|
o'C+ 200ca
Arnoauwt ef co melted =
00 29 00

80
emmpobiton z
2-5 m ia + 19:6 m 0onken at Oc
gm vapowr at 150'c aud 8qm ica
Compobiton and emp.
ak-30'c,Gmo na
Lice 80cal a
Lvap 540 cal q
5 ice - O5 cal q 'c7

vap O 8 cal q1 C7
uoteL cal at