TEORI

SISTEM PERSAMAAN LINEAR (SPL) DENGAN 2 PEUBAH / VARIABEL

SPL dapat diselesaikan dengan 4 cara : Cara 2 : Substitusi

1. Metode grafik
2. Metode substitusi – 2x + 3y = – 13
3. Metode eliminasi y + 11 = 4x
4. Metode campuran / gabungan
5. Metode determinan matriks y + 11 = 4x
y = 4x – 11 → – 2x + 3y = – 13
Contoh : Tentukan himpunan penyelesaian – 2x + 3.(4x – 11) = – 13
dari sistem persamaan : – 2x + 12x – 33 = – 13
– 2x + 3y = – 13 10x = – 13 + 33
y + 11 = 4x x = 20 : 10
dengan x dan y  R =2
y + 11 = 4x
Jawab : y + 11 = 4 . 2
y + 11 = 8
Cara 1 : Grafik y = 8 – 11
= –3
– 2x + 3y = – 13 y + 11 = 4x
Hp = {(2,– 3)}
x 2 5 x 4 5
y –3 –1 y 5 9 Cara 3 : Eliminasi

– 2x + 3y = – 13
y y + 11 = 4x → – 4x + y = – 11
11

10 – 2x + 3y = – 13 x 2 – 4x + 6y = – 26
– 4x + y = – 11 x 1 – 4x + y = – 11 –
9
5y = – 15
8 y = – 15 : 5
7
= –3
6
– 2x + 3y = – 13 x 1 – 2x + 3y = – 13
5 – 4x + y = – 11 x 3 – 12x + 3y = – 33 –
10x = 20
4
x = 20 : 10
3 =2
2
Hp = {(2,– 3)}
1

Cara 4 : Campuran / gabungan

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
x
–1
– 2x + 3y = – 13
–2 y + 11 = 4x → – 4x + y = – 11
–3
– 2x + 3y = – 13 x 2 – 4x + 6y = – 26
– 4x + y = – 11 x 1 – 4x + y = – 11 –
5y = – 15
Hp = {(2,– 3)} y = – 15 : 5
= –3
y + 11= 4x
– 3 + 11 = 4x
8 = 4x
x=8:4
=2

Hp = {(2,– 3)}
Cara 5 : Determinan matriks
– 114 6 0
Contoh 2 variabel Dx = 2 – 1 – 3 2 – 1
0 2 –1 0 2
– 7p + 2q = – 27 19 – 3 2 19 – 3
6p – 5q = – 50 8 19 0
= (8 + 19 + 0) – (– 114 + 6 + 0)
–7 2 p – 27 = 27 – (– 108)
6 –5 q – 50 = 135
0 – 95 12
12 Dy = 5 2 – 3 5 2
D = – 7 2 = 35 – 12 = 23
3 0 –1 3 0
6 –5
35 1 19 2 1 19
– 100 0 – 2 – 171
Dp = – 27 2 = (0 – 2 – 171) – (0 – 95 + 12)
= 135 – (– 100) = 235
– 50 – 5 = – 173 – (– 83)
135 = – 90
– 162 4 0 – 57
Dq = – 7 – 27 Dz = 5 – 1 2 5 –1
= 350 – (– 162) = 512
6 – 50 3 2 0 3 2
350
1 – 3 19 1 –3
Dp 190 0 – 18
p=
D = (190 + 0 – 18) – (4 + 0 – 57)
235 = 172 – (– 53)
=
23 = 225
5
= 10 Dx
23 x =
D
Dq 135
q= =
D 45
512 =3
=
23
Dy
6 y =
= 22 D
23
− 90
=
Contoh 3 variabel 45
=–2
5x – y – 3z = 2
3x + 2y – z = 0 Dz
z=
x – 3y + 2z = 19 D
225
5 –1 –3 x 2 =
45
3 2 –1 y 0 =5
1 –3 2 z 19
– 6 15 – 6
D= 5 –1 –3 5 –1
3 2 –1 3 2
1 –3 2 1 –3
20 1 27
= (20 + 1 + 27) – (– 6 + 15 – 6)
= 48 – 3
= 45