Lab Report

Submitted To:

MD. SOHANUR RAHMAN

Lecturer (Chemistry)
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Faculty of Science & Engineering
Northern University of Business and Technology, Khulna

Submitted By:
Name:
Student ID:
Department:
Group:

Date of Performance: 01-11-2023

Date of Submission: 08-11-2023
Experiment Number: 01
Name of the experiment: Standardization of NaOH solution with standard oxalic acid solution
Objective:
To understand the acid-base neutralization behavior in the presence of an indicator.
To prepare a standard solution
To determine the unknown concentration of the supplied NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide) solution
To perfectly choose an indicator by knowing the working interval, the interval in which it
changes the pH of a solution.
To learn the basic laboratory method for titration
To learn how to calculate the unknown concentration from titration data

Theory:

This estimation involves titration of a weak acid that is oxalic acid against a strong base sodium
hydroxide and phenolphthalein is the indicator of choice. The reaction between oxalic acid and
sodium hydroxide is

(COOH)2 + 2NaOH → (COONa)2 + 2H2O

Since sodium hydroxide is not a primary standard a standard solution of oxalic acid is prepared
and used for standardization of sodium hydroxide.

In acid-base titration, at the endpoint, the amount of acid becomes chemically equivalent to the
amount of base present. In the case of strong acid and strong base titration at the endpoint of the
solution, the solution becomes neutral.

Chemicals:

Sodium Hydroxide
Oxalic Acid
Phenolphthalein
Apparatus:

Weighing Bottle
Conical Flask
Pipette
Burette
Wash Bottle
Funnel
Beaker

Preparation of Standard Solution:

𝐒𝐒𝐒𝐒𝐒𝐒
𝐖𝐖 =
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏

Data Collection:

Calculation:
a*VbSb = b*VaSa

Results:

The strength of the given sodium hydroxide solution is _______ g/L.

Error analysis:
(𝐊𝐊𝐊𝐊𝐊𝐊𝐊𝐊𝐊𝐊 𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯 − 𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨 𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯)
% 𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨 𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞 = ∗ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏%
𝐊𝐊𝐊𝐊𝐊𝐊𝐊𝐊𝐊𝐊 𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯
Discussion:

Precautions are taken to avoid error to the best:

• The weight of (COOH)2 was measured using a 4-digit digital balance

• 50 mL water was added to 10 mL NaOH to ensure that no NaOH was left unused

• The indicator was chosen appropriately

• All the apparatus was cleaned with distilled water to prevent contamination of the water

• The pipette was rinsed using NaOH before transferring NaOH

• Lower meniscus of the burette was taken as reading.

Still, there were some unavoidable errors, the justifications of those are given below:

• The accuracy of the burette is 0.1 mL, which created uncertainty while taking a

measurement less than that interval

• The evaporation & loss in other ways of chemical compounds affected the weighted

amount.

• The color change of the indicator happened so instantly that it is improbable to measure

the equivalence point 100% accurately even if the drops were added sharply.