Emft

Singnal and System
EMFT
Electromagnetic Theory
Chapter 1 – Electrostatics .................................................................................................................................................. 2

Solutions .................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
Chapter 2 – Magnetostatics............................................................................................................................................ 27
Solutions ................................................................................................................................................................................ 33
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EMFT
Chapter 1 – Electrostatics
01. Which of the following equations represents the Gauss’ 08. If v, w, q stand for voltage, energy and charge, then v
law in a homogeneous isotropic medium? [1992] can be expressed as [1996]
dq dw
(a)  D.ds =   dV (b) V  H = D (a) v = (b) v =
dw dq

(c) V.J +  = 0 (d) V.E = dw dq
 (c) dv = (d) dv =
dq dw
02. An electrostatic potential is given by  = 2x y volts in
the rectangular co-ordinate system. The magnitude of the 09. In a uniform electric field, field lines and equipotentials
(a) Are parallel to one another [1997]
electric field at x = 1m , y = 1m is _____________ V/m [1992]
(b) Intersect at 45°
(c) Intersect at 30°
03. When a charge is given to a conductor [1994] (d) Are orthogonal
(a It distributes uniformly all over the surface
(b) It distributes uniformly all over the volume 10. The capacitance of the arrangement shown in figure is
(c) It distributes on the surface, inversely proportional to ________ pF [1997]
the radius of curvature
(d) It stays where it was placed
04. In electrostatic field   E = 0 [1994]
05. A hollow conductor us at a potential V. The potential at

any point inside the hollow is ______________ [1994]
06. A spherical conductor of radius ‘a’ with charge ‘q’ is

placed concentrically inside an uncharged and unearthed
spherical conducting shell of inner and outer radii
r1 and r2 respectively. Taking potential to be zero at 11 The capacitance of an isolated sphere of radius 10cm in
air is equal to ________ pF [1997]
infinity, the potential at any point P within the shell
(r1  r  r2 ) will be: [1995] 12. Determine the electric field intensity at the point p for
q the arrangement shown in figure above [1997]
(a)
4 0r
q
(b)
4 0 a
q
(c)
4 0r2
q
(d)
4 0r1
07. Insider a hollow conducting sphere [1996]

(a) Electric field is zero
(b) Electric field is an non-zero constant
(c) Electric field changes with the magnitude of the charge
given to the conductor
(d) Electric field changes with distance from the centre the
sphere

EMFT
13. An infinite number of charges, each equal to ‘q’ are 19. A point charge of +1nC is placed in a space with a
placed along the x = 1 , x = 2 , x = 4 , x = 8 , x = 16 permittivity of 8.85 × 10−12 F/m as shown in Figure. The
and so on. Find the potential and electron field at point potential difference VPQ between two points P and Q at
x = 0 , due to these systems of charges. [1998] distances of 40 mm and 20 mm respectively from the point
charge is [2003]
14 When the plate area of a parallel plate capacitor is
increased by keeping the capacitor voltage constant, the (a) 0.22 kV
force between the plates [1999]
(a) Increase (b) −225 V
(b) Decreases (c) −2.24 V
(c) Remains constant (d) 15 V
(d) May increase or decrease depending on the metal
making up the plates 20. A parallel plate capacitor has an electrode area of 100
mm2, with a spacing of 0.1 mm between the electrodes.
15. A charge +Q uniformly distributed throughout the The dielectric between the plates is air with a permittivity of
volume of a dielectric sphere of radius R and dielectric 8.85×10-12 F/m. The charge on the capacitor is 100 V. The
stored energy in the capacitor is [2003]
constant R based on Gauss law, determine the
(a) 8.85 pJ (b) 440 pJ
expressions for the electric field E as a function of distance (c) 22.1 nJ (d) 44.3 nJ
r from the center of the sphere, within the rages 0<r<R and
R  r . Indicate expression(s) for the critical point(s) on the 21. A composite parallel plate capacitor is made up of two
sketch. [1999] different dielectric materials with different thickness (t1 and
t2) as shown in Figure. The two different dielectric materials
16 The electric field E (in volts/metre) at the point (1, 1, 0) are separated by a conducting foil F. The voltage of the
due to a point charge of +1µC located at (−1, 1, 1) conducting foil is [2003]
(coordinates in metres) is [2001]
10 −6 10−6
(a) ( 2i − k ) (b)
200
( 2i − k )
20 50
−10 −6 −10−6
(c) ( 2i − k ) (d)
200
( 2i − k )
20 50 (a) 52 V (b) 60 V
(c) 67 V (d) 33 V
17. Given the potential function in free space to be
(
V ( x ) = 50x 2 + 50y 2 + 50z 2 ) volts, the magnitude (in
22. A parallel plate capacitor is shown in figure. It is made
of two square metal plates of 400 mm side. The 14 mm
volts/metre) and the direction of the electric field at a point space between the plates is filled with two layers of
(1, -1, 1), where the dimensions are in metres, are [2001] dielectrics of r = 4, 6 mm thick and r = 2, 8 mm thick.
100 Neglecting fringing of fields at the edges the capacitance is
(a) 100; (i + j + k ) (b) ; (i − j + k ) [2004]
3
100  ( −i − j − k )  100  (i − j − k ) 
(c) ;   (d) ;  
3  3  3  3 
18 Given a vector field F , the divergence theorem states

that [2002]
(a)  F . dS =   . FdV
s v
(b)  F . dS =  
s v
 FdV
(c) F  dS =    FdV (d)  F  dS =   . FdV (a) 1298 pF (b) 944 pF

s v s v (c) 354 pF (d) 257 pF

EMFT
( )
23. If E is the electric field intensity, .   E is equal to
29. A capacitor is made with a polymeric dielectric having
an r of 2.26 and a dielectric breakdown strength of
[2005]
50kV/cm. The permittivity of free space is 8.85pF/m. If the
(a) E (b) E rectangular plates of the capacitor have a width of 20cm
and a length of 40cm, then the maximum electric charge in
(c) Null vector (d) Zero
the capacitor is [2011]
(a) 2C (b) 4C
24. A solid sphere made of insulating material has a radius
R and has a total charge Q distributed uniformly in its (c) 8C (d) 10C
volume. What is the magnitude of the electric field
intensity, E, at a distance r (0<r<R) inside the sphere? 30. The direction of vector A is radially outward from the
1 Qr 3 Qr
oigin, with A = k r
n where r2 = x2 + y 2 + z2 and k is a
(a) (b) [2007]
4 0 R 3 4 0 R 3
constant. The value of n for which .A = 0 is [2012]
1 Qr 1 QR (a) -2 (b) 2
(c) (d)
4 0 r 2 4 0 r 3 (c) 1 (d) 0
Statement for Linked Answer Questions 25 & 26: 31. In the following figure, C1 and C 2 are ideal capacitors.
An inductor designed with 400 turns coil wound on an iron C1 has been charged to 12V before the ideal switch S is
core of 16 cm2 cross sectional area and with a cut of an air
gap length of 1mm. The coil is connected to a 230 V, 50 Hz closed at t = 0. The current i(t) for all t is [2012]
AC supply. Neglect coil resistance, core loss, iron
reluctance and leakage inductance (µ0 = 4 10−7 H/m)
25. The current in the inductor is [2007]

(a) 18.08 A (b) 9.04 A
(c) 4.56 A (d) 2.28 A
26. The average force on the core to reduce the air gap will (a) zero
be [2007] (b) a step function
(a) 832.29 N (b) 1666.22 N (c) an exponentially decaying function
(c) 3332.47 N (d) 6664.84 N (d) an impulse function
27. A capacitor consists of two metal plates each 500500 32. Three capacitors C1, C2, and C3, whose values are 10μF,
mm2 and spaced 6 mm apart. The space between the metal 5μF, and 2μF respectively, have breakdown voltages of 10V,
plates is filled with a glass plate of 4 mm thickness and a 5V, and 2V respectively. For the interconnection shown, the
layer of paper of 2 mm thickness. The relative permittivity maximum safe voltage in volts that can be applied across
of the glass and paper are 8 and 2 respectively. Neglecting the combination and the corresponding total charge in μC
the fringing effect, the capacitance will be stored in the effective capacitance across the terminals are
(Given that 0 = 8.85  10-12 F/m) [2008] respectively [2013]
(a) 983.33 pF (b) 1475 pF
(c) 6637.5 pF (d) 9956.25 pF
28. Two point charges Q1 = 10µC and Q2 = 20µC are

placed at coordinates (1, 1, 0) and (−1, −1, 0) respectively.
The total electric flux passing through a plane z = 20 will be
[2008]
(a) 7.5 µC (b) 13.5 µC (a) 2.8 and 36
(c) 15.0 µC (d) 22.5 µC (b) 7 and 119
(c) 2.8 and 32
(d) 7 and 80

EMFT
33. A dielectric slab with 500mm × 500mm cross –section 37. A perfectly conducting metal plate is placed in x-y
is 0.4m long. The slab is subjected to a uniform electric plane in a right handed coordinate system. A charge of
field of E = 6ax + 8ay kV / mm . The relative permittivity of +32 0 2 coulombs is placed at coordinate (0, 0, 2). 0
the dielectric material is equal to 2. The value of constant ε₀
is the permittivity of free space. Assume î, ˆj, kˆ to be unit
is 8.85 × 10-12 F/m. The energy stored n the dielectric in
joules is [2013] vectors along x, y and z axes respectively. At the coordinate
(a) 8.85×10-11
(c) 88.5
(b) 8.85×10-5
(d) 885
( )
2, 2,0 , the electric field vector E (Newtons/Columbs)
will be [2014-03]
34. C 0 is the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with

air as dielectric (as in figure (a)). If, half of the entire gap as
shown in figure (b) is filled with a dielectric of permittivity
r , the expression for the modified capacitance is
C
(a) 0 1+ 
2 ( r ) [2014-01]
( 0 r)
(b) C + 
C ˆ
(a) 2 2kˆ (b) −2k
(c) 0 
2 r (c) 2kˆ (d) −2 2kˆ
(d) C
0 (1+ r ) 38. A parallel plate capacitor is partially filled with glass of
dielectric constant 4.0 as shown below. The dielectric
35. A parallel plate capacitor consisting two dielectric strength of air and glass are 30kV/cm and 300kV/cm,
materials is shown in the figure. The middle dielectric slab respectively. The maximum voltage (in kilovolts) which can
is placed symmetrical with respect to the plates. be applied across the capacitor without any breakdown is
_____________. [2015-01]
39. Match the following: [2015-02]

If the potential difference between one of the plates and
P. Stoke’s Theorem 1.  D.ds = Q
the nearest surface of dielectric interface is 2 Volts, then
the ratio 1 : 2 is [2014-02] Q. Gauss’s Theorem 2.  f ( z ) dz = 0
(a) 1:4 (b) 2:3 R. Divergence Theorem 3.  ( .A. ) dv =  A.ds
(c) 3:2 (d) 4:1 S. Cauchy’s Integral 4.  (   A ) .ds =  A.dl
Theorem
36. A hollow metallic sphere of radius r is kept at potential
(a) P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-3 (b) P-4, Q-1, R-3, S-2
of 1 Volt. The total electric flux coming out of the
(c) P-4, Q-3, R-1, S-2 (d) P-3, Q-4, R-2, S-1
concentric spherical surface of radius R (> r) is [2014-03]
(a) 40r (b) 40r 2 40. Two semi – infinite dielectric regions are separated by a
2 plane boundary at y = 0. The dielectric constants of region
(c) 40R (d) 4 0R
1 (y < 0) and region 2(y > 0) are 2 and 5, respectively.

EMFT
Region 1 has uniform electric field E = 3a + 4a + 2a 44. A parallel plate capacitor filled with two dielectric is
x y z
shown in the figure below, If the electric field in the region
where a ,a and a are unit vectors along the x, y and z A is 4 kV/cm, the electric field in the region B, in kV/cm, is
x y z [2016-02]
axes, respectively. The electric field in region 2 is
[2015-02]
(a) 3a + 1.6a + 2a (b) 1.2a + 4a + 2a
x y z x y z
(c) 1.2a + 4a + 0.8a (d) 3a + 10a + 0.8a
x y z x y z
(a) 1 (b) 2
41. Two semi-infinite conducting sheets are placed at right (c) 4 (d) 16
angles to each other as shown in the figure. A point charge
of +Q is placed at a distance of d from both sheets. The net 45. Two electrodes, whose cross-sectional view is shown in
figure below, are at the same potential. The maximum
Q2 K
force on the charge is , where K is given by [2015-02]electric field will be at the point [2016-02]
4  0 d2
(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D
46. Consider an electron, a neutron and a proton initially at

1 1 rest and placed along a straight line such that the neutron
(a) 0 (b) − i − j
4 4 is exactly at the center of the line joining the electron and
proton. At t = 0, the particles are released but are
1 1 1−2 2 ˆ 1−2 2 ˆ
(c) − i− j (d) i+ j constrained to move along the same straight line. Which of
8 8 8 2 8 2 these will collide first? [2017-01]
(a) the particles will never collide
42. In cylindrical coordinate system, the potential produced (b) all will collide together
(c) proton and neutron
by a uniform ring charge is given by  = f ( r, z ) , where f is
(d) electron and neutron
a continuous function of r and z. Let E be the resulting
47. The figures show diagrammatic representations of
electric field. Then the magnitude of   E [2016-01] vector fields X, Y, and Z . Respectively. Which one of the
(a) increase with r (b) is 0 following choices is true? [2017-02]
(c) is 3 (d) decrease with z.
43. Two electric charges q and -2q are placed at (0,0) and
(6,0) on the x-y plane. The equation of the zero
equipotential curve in the x-y plane is [2016-01]
(a) x=-2
(b) y=2 (a) .X = 0,   Y  0,   Z = 0
(c) x
2 + y2 = 2 (b) .X  0,   Y = 0,   Z  0
(c) .X  0,   Y  0,   Z  0
2
(
(d) x + 2 ) + y 2 = 16 (d) .X = 0,   Y = 0,   Z = 0

EMFT
48. Consider a solid sphere of radius 5 cm made of a [2019]

perfect electric conductor. If one million electrons are
added to this sphere, these electrons will be distributed
[2017-02]
(a) Uniformly over the entire volume of the sphere
(b) Uniformly over the outer surface of the sphere
(c) Concentrated around the center of the sphere
(d) Along a straight line passing through the center of the
sphere
49. A thin soap bubble of radius R = 1 cm, and thickness a 53. The vector function expressed by
= 3.3 m (a  R) ), is at a potential of 1 V with respect to F = ax (5y – k1z) + ay(3z + k2x) + az(k3y – 4x)
represents a conservative field, where ax, ay, az are unit
a reference point at infinity. The bubble bursts and
vector along x, y and z directions, respectively. The values
becomes a single spherical drop of soap (assuming all the
of constants k1, k2, k3 are given by: [2020]
soap is contained in the drop) of radius r . The volume of
(a) k1 = 3, k2 = 3, k3 = 7
the soap in the thin bubble is 4R2a and that of the drop (b) k1 = 3, k2 = 8, k3 = 5
4 3 (c) k1 = 4, k2 = 5, k3 = 3
is r . The potential in volts, of the resulting single
3 (d) k1 = 0, k2 = 0, k3 = 0
spherical drop with respect to the same reference point at
infinity is ___________. (Give the answer up to two decimal 54. The static electric field inside a dielectric medium with
places.) [2017-02] relative permittivity, r = 2.25, expressed in cylindrical
coordinate system is given by the following expression
3
E = ar 2r + a   + az 6
r
where ar, a, az are unit vectors along r,  and z directions,
respectively. If the above expression represents a valid
electrostatic field inside the medium, then the volume
charge density associated with this field in terms of free
space permittivity, 0, in SI units is given by: [2020]
50. A positive charge of 1nC is placed at (0, 0, 0.2) where all (a) 30 (b) 40
dimensions are in metres. Consider the x - y plane to be a (c) 50 (d) 90
conducting ground plane. Take 0 = 8.85  10−12 F m . The
55. Let ar, a, and az be unit vectors along r,  and z
Z component of the E field at (0, 0, 0.1) is closest to [2018]
directions, respectively in the cylindrical coordinate system.
(a) 899.18 V m (b) −899.18 V m
For the electric flux density given by D = (ar 15 + a 2r – az
(c) 999.09 V m (d) −999.09 V m 3rz) Coulomb/m2, the total electric flux, in Coulomb,
emanating from the volume enclosed by a solid cylinder of
51. The capacitance of an air-filled parallel-plate capacitor radius 3 m and height 5 m oriented along the z-axis with its
is 60pF. When a dielectric slab whose thickness is half the base at the origin is: [2020]
distance between the plates, is placed on one of the plates (a) 54  (b) 90 
covering it entirely, the capacitance becomes 86pF. (c) 108  (d) 180 
Neglecting the fringing effects, the relative permittivity of
the dielectric is _______ (up to 2 decimal places). [2018] 56. A 1 C point charge is held at the origin of a cartesian
coordinate system. If a second point charge of 10 C is
52. A co-axial cylindrical capacitor shown in figure (i) has moved from (0, 10, 0) to (5, 5, 5) and subsequently to (5, 0,
dielectric with relative permittivity r1 = 2 . When one-fourth 0), then the total work done is _______ mJ. (Round off to 2
decimal places).
portion of the dielectric is replaced with another dielectric
1
of relative permittivity r2 , as shown in Figure (ii), the Take = 9  109 in SI units. All coordinates are in
4 0
capacitance is doubled. The value of r2 is ___________.
meters. [2021]

EMFT
57. Consider a large parallel plate capacitor. The gap d cd(V2 − V1 ) V1c + V2d − 2V1d
between the two plates is filled entirely with a dielectric (a) V(r) = −
(d − c)r d−c
slab of relative permittivity 5. The plates are initially
charged to a potential difference of V volts and then cd(V1 − V2 ) V2d − V1d
(b) V(r) = +
disconnected from the source. If the dielectric slab is pulled (d − c)r d−c
out completely, then the ratio of the new electric field E2 in cd(V1 − V2 ) V1c − V2c
the gap to the original electric field E1 is _________. [2021] (c) V(r) = −
(d − c)r d−c
cd(V2 − V1 ) V2c − V1c
58. Let E(x, y, z) = 2x 2î + 5yjˆ + 3zkˆ . The value of (d) V(r) = −
(d − c)r d−c
V (   E ) dV , where V is the volume enclosed by the
unit cube defined by 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1, 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 1, and 0 ≤ 𝑧 ≤ 1, is
(a) 3 (b) 8 [2022]
(c) 10 (d) 5
59. As shown in the figure below, two concentric

conducting spherical shells, centered at r = 0 and having
radii r = c and r= d are maintained at potentials such that
the potential V(r) at r = c is V1 and V(r) at r = d is V2.
Assume that V(r) depends only on r, where r is the radial
distance. The expression for V(r) in the region between r =
c and r = d is [2022]

EMFT
Solutions
01. Ans: (a)
Solution:
Gauss law in a homogeneous isotropic medium is
 D.ds = Q
s enc
 D.ds =   dV
s
02. Ans: (2.236 V/m)

Solution:
The given potential is, V = 2x y
x
E = −V = −aˆ x 2 y − aˆ y
y
ˆ x − aˆ y
At (1, 1), E = −2a
E = 5 V m = 2.236V / m
03. Ans: (a)

Solution:
It distributes uniformly all over the surface as the charge cannot reside inside the conductor for electrostatic condition.
04. Ans: (True)

Solution:
Electrostatic field is a conservative field so closed loop integral of electrostatic field is always zero .
Applying stokes theorem
 E.dl =  (  E).ds
 E.dl = 0
 E = 0
05. Ans:( V )
Solution:
A hollow conductor is at a potential V.
Conductor surface is an equipotential surface, hence everywhere on the surface potential will be V.
Charge inside a hollow conductor is zero and by Gauss’s Law the electric field inside the hollow conductor would also be
zero. The electric field is related to electric potential as,
dV
E=−
dr
Due to zero electric field, the potential gradient is zero and hence the potential remains same at all points inside the
conductor.
For electric field to be zero inside hollow conductor sphere potential difference between a point on surface and inside
conductor must be same i.e. V.

EMFT
06. Ans: (d)

Solution:
The conducting shell is a perfect conductor so electric field inside the shell is zero and hence the electric potential will
remain same at all points inside the shell.
Hence, potential of inner surface = potential at radius ‘r’
V (r1 ) = V (r )
q
V (r ) =
4 0r1
07. Ans: (a)

Solution:
The potential of a shell is same in its interior and surface. For a shell of radius R with charge Q potential on the surface or
any point inside is given by
Q
V
R
E = −V
But V is constant. So, E=0.
E = 0 inside hollow conducting sphere
08. Ans: (c)

Solution:
Electric Potential Difference is defined as work done per unit test charge in bringing a charge from one point to another
point.
dW
dV =
dq
09. Ans: (d)

Solution:
Field lines are always from higher potential point to lower potential point.
So, at equipotential surface, no component of field can be tangential to surface as otherwise potential difference will be
produced.
Hence, electric field lines are orthogonal to equipotential surface.
10. Ans: (4.72)

Solution:
The given dielectric arrangement can be treated as a combination of three capacitors.
C1C2
C= + C3
C1 + C2

EMFT
 A  A
 0 1   0 2 
 2 . 2
 d  d  A
2   2  0 3
C=  + 2 = 0 A  12 + 3 
 
 A  A d d  1 + 2 2 
 
 0 1   0 2   
 2 + 2
 d   d 
 2   2 
8.85  10−12  400  10−4  1  2 4 

C=  1 + 2 + 2  = 4.72  10 F = 4.72pF
−12
20  10−2  
11. Ans: (11.11)

Solution:
10
C = 40R = 4   8.85  10 −12  = 11.11pF
100
12. Ans:---
Solution:
Since, R  a , the distance of point P from all the charges can be considered to be equal to R.
Electric field due to charge Q1 is,
1 Q1 2000  10 −12
E1 = a y
= 9  10 9
 ay = 18ay V / m
4 0 R 2 12
Since, the distance from both Q2 and Q3 is identical. And also Q 2 = Q 3 so, E2 = E3
1 Q2 1000  10−12
E2 = E3 = = 9  109  = 9V / m
4 0 R 2
12
From the figure shown below,

Since, Q3 is negative the electric field will be directed towards
Q3 and due to positive charge Q2 will be directed away
from the charge.
The horizontal components of the electric field E2 and E3
will add up and vertical components will cancel each other.
a
B 1
cos  = = 2 =
H R 200
E = E1 + E2 + E3 = E1aˆ y + 2E2 cos aˆ x
E = 18ay + 2  9ax 
1
200
( )
= 0.09ax + 18ay V / m
13. Ans: ---

Solution:
q  1 1 1 
V= 1 + + + + ........ 
4   2 4 8 
 
q  1  q
V=  = V
4  1 − 1  2
 2 

EMFT
 
q  1 1  q  1  q
E= 1 + 2 + 2 + ......  ( −aˆ x ) = = Vm
4   2 4  
4  1 − 1  4 
 
4
14. Ans: (a)

Solution:
As long as the potential difference and the distance between the plates is kept constant the electric field remains same.
A
As the area of plates is increased the capacitance of parallel plate capacitor, C = increases.
d
So, the charge on the plate, Q = CV increases and hence the force on plate even for a constant field increases.
15. Ans:
Solution:
For 0  r  R
Q
Uniform Volume Charge Density, V =
4 R 3
3
3
Q r
Enclosed charge within a radius r is, Qenc =  4 r 3 = Q  
4 R 3 3 R 
3
 D.ds = Q enclosed
3
r 
D.4 r 2 = Q  
R 
D Qr
E= =
 4 0 rR 3
Q
At r = R, E1 =
4 0 rR 2
For, r>R
 D.ds = Q enclosed
D.4r2 = Q
D Q
E = =
 4 0R 2
Q
At r = R, E2 =
4 0R 2
So, rE1 = E2
The plot of electric field is shown in the figure above.
16. Ans: (a)

Solution:
Position vector of the point is, r1 = î + ˆj + 0kˆ
Position vector of charge is, r2 = −î + ˆj + kˆ

Position vector of point from charge is, r = r1 − r2

EMFT
10−6
(2iˆ − kˆ ) = 20105 (2iˆ − kˆ )
−6
Q
3 ( )
Electric Field, E = r =
( )
3
4 0r 4 0 5 0
17. Ans: (None)

Solution:
V ˆ V ˆ V ˆ
E = −V = − i− j− k V m = −100xiˆ − 100yjˆ − 100zkˆ V m
x y z
( )
At, +1, −1, +1 , E = −100iˆ + 100ˆj − 100kˆ
Magnitude, E = 3  100 V / m
E −î + ˆj − kˆ
Unit vector in field direction, aE = =
E 3
18. Ans: (a)

Solution:
Gauss Divergence Theorem,  F.ds =  .FdV
S V
19. Ans: (b)

Solution:
Potential due to a point charge at a point is given by,
q
V=
4 0r
Where, r is the distance of point from charge q.
q q  10 −9 10 −9 
VP − VQ = − = 9  109  −  =-225 Volts
4 0 ( OP ) 4 0 ( OQ )  40  10
−3
20  10 −3 
20. Ans: (d)

Solution:
1 1 1 0 A 2
E= Q.V = CV 2 = V
2 2 2 d
1 8.85  10 −12  100  10 −6  10 4
E=  =44.3nJ
2 10−4
21. Ans: (b)

Solution:
The given dielectric combination can be treated as a combination of two series connected capacitors. Each capacitance is,
r10 A
C1 =
t1
r20 A
C2 =
t1
C1 (100 − V ) = C2 V
r1 
t1
(100 − V ) = tr2 V
2

EMFT
6 (100 − V ) = 4V
600
V= = 60V
10
22. Ans: (d)

Solution:
C1C2
Ceq =
C1 + C2
r10 A r20 A

d1 d2
C=
r10 A r20 A
+
d1 d2
C=
(8.85  10 )( 400  10 )  4  2 =257pF
−12 −3
( 4  8  10 ) + (6  2  10 )
−3 −3
23. Ans: (d)

Solution:
Divergence of the curl field is always zero by vector identity.
24. Ans: (a)

Solution:
By Gauss’s Law,
Q enclosed
 E. ds =
s 0
Q
Charge Density,  =
4 R 3
3
3
Q r
Charge Enclosed, Qenc =   4 r =  4 r 3 = Q  
3
3 4 R 3 3 R 
3
3
Qr 
 E.ds =
s
 
0  R 
Qr 3  1
E  4 r 2 =
R 3  0
Qr
E=
4 0R 3
25. Ans: (d)

Solution:
 N2 A 4   10  ( 400 )  16  10
−7 −4 2
Inductance of a coil is, L = 0 = =0.3217 H

l 1  10−3 ( )
Reactance, XL = 2fL

EMFT
V 230
I= = = 2.275Amp
XL 2    50  0.3217
26. Ans: (a)

Solution:
1 2 1
LI =  0.3217  ( 2.275 ) =0.83249J
2
Energy stored =
2 2
E 0.83249
Force to reduce 1mm air gap = = =832.49N
d 1  10−3
27. Ans: (b)

Solution:
Since, the multiple dielectrics are divided along the thickness of the capacitor, they can be considered as series connection
of two capacitors.
C1 refers to the capacitance with Glass Dielectric and C2 refers to capacitance with paper dielectric.
C1C2
Ceq =
C1 + C2
Ar10 Ar20

d1 d2
C=
Ar10 Ar20
+
d1 d2
Ar1r20 500  500  10 −6  8.85  10 −12  8  2
C= = =1475pF
r1d1 + r2d1 ( 8  2 + 2  4 )  10−13
28. Ans: (c)
Solution:
Construct an imaginary Gaussian surface of cuboidal shape with xy plane at the center and height 40 units and the
dimensions along x and y to be infinite.
Then half of flux passes through z = 20 plane and other half through z = -20 plane. There is no flux through planes
perpendicular to x and y as they are at infinite distance.
By Gauss’s Law, flux through a surface is equal to charge enclosed in Gaussian Surface.
Q1 + Q2 10 + 20
Q= = =15 C
2 2
29. Ans: (c)

Solution:
 0 r A V
Q=CV = V =  0 r A
d d
Q = 0r AE
Q = 8.85  10−12  2.26  20  10 −2  40  10 −2  5000  103
Q = 8C
30. Ans: (d)

Solution:
Since, the vector A is radially outward from origin

EMFT
( )
A = kr n aˆ r
.A can be defined in spherical co-ordinates as,

1  2    1
.A =
r sin  
2 ( )
 r r sin  kr +  (0) +  (0) = 2
n
 r sin 
kr n+1 (n + 2 ) sin  = krn-1 (n + 2)
 
.A = 0
If n = 2
31. Ans: (d)

Solution:
Drawing the Laplace Equivalent for the Capacitor arrangement given,
By KVL,
12  1 1 
= I (s)  + 
s C
 1 s C s
2 
C C 
12 = I ( s )  1 2 
 C1C2 
12C1C2
I (s) =
C1 + C2
12C1C2
i(t) =  (t)
C1 + C2
i ( t ) is an impulse function
Note: It can also be though in terms of resistance that since the resistance is zero time constant would be zero and charge
transfers instantaneously from one capacitor to another so the current is impulse function.
32. Ans: (c)

Solution:
Let C 3 has its maximum voltage across it, i.e. 2V
Then, the charge across C3, Q3 = C3V3 = 2  2 = 4C

Since, C2 and C3 are connected in series, the charge across them will be same.
Q3 = Q2 = C2V2 = 5  V2 = 0.8V
Total voltage across parallel path=2.8Volt
( ) (
Total charge = Q 2 + Q1 = 2  2 + 2.8  10 =32μC )
33. Ans: (c)
Solution:
1 2
Energy density= E
2
Energy=Energy density  Volume
1
U= ( )
   62 + 82  1012  0.5  0.5  0.4
2 0 r
1
U =  8.85  10 −12  2  100  1012  0.1 = 88.5J
2

EMFT
34. Ans: (a)

Solution:
A 0
C0 =
d
A capacitor with half filed dielectric can be considered as a parallel combination of two capacitors
A  0 
C1 =   (for air filled part)
2  d 
A  0r 
C2 =   (for dielectric filled part )
2  d 
A 0 A  C
Ceq = C1 + C2 =
2 d
(1+ r ) = 12  d 0  (1+ r ) = 20 (1+ r )
 
35. Ans: (c)
Solution:
The combination can be considered as a series combination of three capacitors.
A 01 4A 01
C1 = =
d d
 
4
A 02 2A 02
C2 = =
d d
 
2
A 01 4A 01
C3 = =
d d
 
4
Voltage across C1 & C 3 each is 2V
C1C3 2A 01
Ceq = =
C1 + C3 d
Voltage across Ceq = 4V
 2A 01 
Qeq = CeqV =   4
 d
 
Voltage across C 2 = 10 – 4 = 6 V
 2A 02 
Q= 
  6
 d 
Q = Qeq (due to series combination)
2A 02 2A 01
6 = 4
d d
1 3
=
2 2
36. Ans: (a)

Solution:
The potential of a charged sphere is,

EMFT
Q
V=
4  0 r
V = 1V  Q = 4 0 r
By Gauss’s law,
Flux =  D.dA = Qenc = 4 0 r
37. Ans: (b)
Solution:
Due to presence of infinite conducting plane, this is an image charge problem & hence, we will have to use image theory.
To compute the electric field, we will have to consider another charge Q = −32 0 2C at the point (0, 0, – 2)
Let the point ( )
2, 2,0 be point P.
Distance between the points P ( )

2, 2,0 & Q1 ( 0,0,2 ) ,
( ) +( )
2 2 2
dP1 = 2 −0 2 −0 + (0 − 2) = 2 2
Distance between the points ( )

2, 2,0 & ( 0,0, −2 ) ,
( ) + ( 2 − 0 ) + (0 + 2) = 2 2
2 2 2
dP2 = 2 −0
d̂P1 =
( 2 − 0) î + ( 2 − 0) ˆj + (0 − 2)kˆ = 2iˆ + 2ˆj + ( −2 ) kˆ
2 2 2 2
d̂P2 =
( ) (
2 − 0 î + )
2 − 0 ˆj + ( 0 + 2 ) kˆ
=
2iˆ + 2ˆj + 2kˆ
2 2 2 2
Electric field at point P due to charge Q1,
ˆ
Qd 32 0 2  2iˆ + 2ˆj + ( −2 ) kˆ   2iˆ + 2ˆj + ( −2 ) kˆ 
EP1 = P1
=   = 2 N / C
( )
2
4 0 d 2
2 2   2 2 
P1 4  0 2 2    
Electric field at point P due to charge Q2,
−Q −32 0 2  2iˆ + 2ˆj + 2kˆ   2iˆ + 2ˆj + 2kˆ 
EP2 = =   = − 2 N / C
( )
2   
4  0 dP2
2
 2 2   2 2 
4 0 2 2
Total electric field at point P,
 2iˆ + 2ˆj + ( −2 ) kˆ   ˆ ˆ ˆ
EP = EP1 + EP2 = 2   − 2  2i + 2 j + 2k  = −2kˆ N/C
 2 2   2 2 
   
38. Ans: (a)

Solution:
A
Capacitance of air capacitor = 0  1 
5mm
=C
1
( )
A
Capacitance of glass capacitor = ( 0  4 )  = 4C
5mm 1
If air reaches dielectric strength 30 kV/cm,

EMFT
Voltage across air capacitor = 30 x 0.5 = 15 kV

1
Since impedance  , glass capacitor will have impedance one-fourth of air capacitor.
C
Hence, voltage across glass capacitor will be one-fourth of voltage across air capacitor.
15
Therefore, V = = 3.75 kV
g 4
Total voltage =Va + Vg = 18.75 kV
If glass reaches dielectric strength of 300 kV/cm, the air will exceed dielectric strength & dielectric breakdown will occur.
So, we cannot equate glass voltage to breakdown voltage.
39. Ans: (b)

Solution:
Stoke’s Theorem:  (  A).ds =  A.dl
Gauss’s Theorem:  D.ds = Q
Divergence Theorem:  (.A).dV =  A.ds
Cauchy’s Integral Theorem:  f(z).dz = 0

40. Ans: (a)
Solution:
Boundary conditions in wave propagation,
E||,1 = E||,2
This means, component of electric filed parallel to boundary of dielectric media remains same.
1E⊥1 = 2E⊥2
This means, perpendicular component of electric flux density remains same.
Since, the planes are separated by boundary y=0, the perpendicular component of field is y-component and the parallel
component is x and z component.
E||,2 = (3ax + 2az ) = 3ax + 2az
2
E⊥ ,2 = 4ay = 1.6ay
5
E2 = 3ax + 1.6ay + 2az
41. Ans: (d)

Solution:
By Image Charge Concept, charge configuration is shown below,
Q2
F14 = ( − y)
4  0 (2d)2
Q2
F12 = ( −x)
4  0 (2d)2
Q2  x y 
F13 =  + 
4  0 (2 2 d)2  2 2 
Q2  1 1  1 1 
F1 = F12 + F13 + F14 = 
2 
− x +  −  y 
4  0 (d)   8 2 4  8 2 4 

EMFT
1−2 2 1−2 2 1−2 2 1−2 2

K= x+ y= i+ j
8 2 8 2 8 2 8 2
42. Ans: (b)

Solution:
Since electric field produced by given charge is not time varying, the field is static.
We know, for electrostatic field curl of electric field is zero.
 E = 0
43. Ans: (d)

Solution:
Let point B whose co-ordinate is (x, y) has zero potential.
( x − 0) + ( y − 0)
2 2
BO = = x2 + y 2
(x − 6) + ( y − 0) (x − 6)
2 2 2
BA = = + y2
q
Potential at B due to charge q = = VOB
4 0 x 2 + y 2
−2q
Potential at B due to charge −2q = ( ) = VAB
( x − 6) + y2
2
4 0
VOB + VAB = 0
q 2q
− =0
4 0 x + y 2 2
4 0 ( x − 6) + y 2
( x − 6) + y − 2 x + y
2 2 2 2
=0
( x − 6) + y = 4 (x + y )
2 2 2 2
4x2 + 4y2 − x2 + 12x − 36 − y 2 = 0

3x2 + 3y2 + 12x − 36 = 0
x2 + y2 + 4x − 12 = 0
x2 + 4x + 4 − 4 + y2 − 12 = 0
( x + 2)
2
+ y 2 = 16
44. Ans: (c)

Solution:
The electric field in a capacitor is perpendicular to the plates and hence it is tangential to the interface between the
dielectrics.
By Boundary condition in Electrostatics,
Et1 = Et2
The tangential component of field remains same in both dielectrics.
Hence, E2 = Et2 = 4kV / cm

EMFT
45. Ans: (a)

Solution:
Since, both the electrodes are at the same potential. We can say that both have same nature of charge either positive or
negative.
In such a case, of we draw electric field, the field due to both will be in same direction at A and hence get added up. So,
electric field at A will be maximum.
46. Ans: (d)

Solution:
The arrangement is shown
Only proton & electron experience columbic force but since mass of e−  mass of proton e− moves faster towards
proton and collides with neutron in this process
47. Ans: (c)

Solution:
The vector field X diverges from a point
Hence .X  0
The other two vector field are rotating or curling
Hence   Y  0 and   Z  0
48. Ans: (b)

Solution:
In case of perfect conductor, no charge can be inside the surface of conductor & hence charge will be uniformly
distributed over the surface of sphere.
49. Ans: 317.82

Solution:
The potential of spherical soap bubble
Q
V=
4 0 R
Q = 40 R V
Potential of drop
Q R 
V = = V 
4 0r r
4 3
Since volume remains same 4 R a = r
2
3
1
(
r = 3R 2a ) 3
R 10−2
V = V  1
= 1 1
= 10.03V
(3R a) 2 3
(3  10 −4
 3.3  10 )
−6 3

EMFT
50. Ans: (d)

Solution:
Due to infinite conducting plane, we have to consider an image charge symmetrically below plane
Since one charge is placed at (0.0, 0.2), the image charge will be at (0, 0, -0.2)
Electric field at P will be sum of Field due to Q & -Q
Q Q  
Q  1 1 
EP = + = +
( ) ( ) 4 0  ( 0.1 )2 ( 0.3)2 
2 2
4 0 0.1 4 0 0.3  
10−9  1 1 
Ep =  +  = 999.09 V m
4   8.85  10−12  0.01 0.09 
Since it is downwards, E = −999.09 V m
51. Ans: (2.53)

Solution:
Assume plate area = A
Plate separation = d
0 A
Capacitance without dielectric C = = 60
d
When dielectric is inserted in half of separation it can be treated as two capacitor is series
0 r A  A
C1 = ,C2 = 0
d d
2 2
2 0 r A 2 0 A
C1 = ,C2 =
d d
CC 2 r 0 A
C = 1 2 = = 86
C1 + C2 (1+ r ) d
C 86 2 r
= =
C 60 1+ r
86 + 86 r = 120 r
86
r = = 2.5294
34

EMFT
52. Ans: 10
Solution:
2
20 r  0 0r
Initial capacitance C1 = =
b b
ln   ln  
a
  a
4 0
C1 =
b
ln  
a
When distance is inserted as shown in figure, then electric field is tangential to dielectric interface & hence capacitance are
in parallel.

02  0r2 

2
 /2
 0 2
C2 = C21 + C22 = +
b b
ln   ln  
a a
 0  r2 
C2 =  + 3
b 2
ln    
a
 
 0  r2 
 + 3  = 2  C1
b 2
ln    
a
r2 + 6 = 16
r2 = 10
53. Ans. (c)

Solution:
For a conservative field
F = 0
aˆ x aˆ y aˆ z
  
=0
x y z
5y − k1z 3z + k 2 x k 3 y − 4x
aˆ x (k 3 − 3 ) − aˆ y ( −4 + k1 ) + aˆ z (k 2 − 5 ) = 0
k1 = 4
k2 = 5
k3 = 3
54. Ans. (d)

By Gauss’s law
v v
 E = =
 0 er
In cylindrical co-ordinates

EMFT
1    
 E = 
  
(
A + )
  z
( )
A + ( A z ) 

1   3  
=  (r  2r ) +   + (r  6 ) 
r  r   r  z 
=4
v
4= i.e. v = 90
2.250
55. Ans. (d)

Solution:
By Gauss’s law
 D  ds = Q enc

Total flux  = D  ds
S1 : ds = rdraˆ z
D  ds = 3rzdr
2 3 3
 3
1 =  ( −3rz ) rdrdz = −15  r3   2 = −270
0 0  0
z =5
S2 : ds = rdd2aˆ p
D  ds = 15rddz
2 5
2 =  15rddz = 45  2  5 = 450
0 0
r =3
S3 : ds = −rdrdaˆ z
D  ds = 3rzdrd
2 5
3 =   ( −3rz ) drd = 0
0 0
z =0
Total flux,  = 1 + 2 + 3 = 180
56. Ans. 9.00

Solution:
Electric field of point charge is conservative in nature and hence work done does not depend on path taken but on initial
and final points.
Q 9  109  10−6
Vi = = = 900V
4 e0r ( 0 − 0 ) î + (10 − 0 ) ˆj + ( 0 − 0 ) kˆ

EMFT
Q 9  109  10−6
Vf = = = 1800V
4 e0r (5 − 0 ) î + ( 0 − 0 ) ˆj + ( 0 − 0 ) kˆ
Work done = qV = q(Vf – Vi)

= 105[1800 – 900] = 9 mJ
57. Ans. 5
Solution:
0  5  A
Capacitance with dielectric
d
1 2
energy stored = CV
2
1 50 A 2
E1 = V
2 d
When capacitor is removed from source, then
Charge on capacitor remains constant
0  5  A
Q= V
d
 A
Capacitance without dielectric = 0
d
Q2
Energy stored =
2C
250 A
E2 = V2
2d
E2
=5
E1
58. Ans. (c)

Solution:
  E = 4x + 5 + 3 = 4 ( x + 2 )
111
   E dv =  4 ( x + 2) dxdydz

000
11
1
 2x + 8x  dydz
2
=
0
00
11
= 10dydz = 10  x = 10
00

EMFT
59. (b)
Solution:
By Laplace equation 2 V = 0
In spherical co-ordinates
1   2 V 
2 V = r ; V = f(r) so terms of  and  do not appear
r 2 r  r 
1   2 V 
r =0
r 2 r  r 
V
r2 =k
r
V k
=
r r 2
k
 V=− +m
r
at r = c, V = V1
k
V1 = − + m
c
at r = d, V = V2
k
V2 = − +m
d
k k
V2 − V1 = −
c d
cd
k = ( V2 − V1 )
d−c
m = V1 +
k
= V1 +
( V2 − V1 ) d
c d−c
V2d − V1c
=
d−c
k cd ( V1 − V2 ) V2d − V1c
 V=− +m = +
r (d − c)r d−c

EMFT
Chapter 2 – Magnetostatics
01. The line integral of the vector potential A around the 07. A steady current I flows through a long cylindrical wire
boundary of a surface S represents [1993] of radius R. find the magnetic vector potential at any point
(a) Flux through in the surface S outside the conductor at radius. Vector potential on the
(b) Flux density in the surface S surface of the conductor may be taken to be equal to zero.
(c) Magnetic density [1995]
(d) Current density
08. The energy stored in the magnetic field of solenoid 30
02. When a transformer winding suffers a short-circuit, the cm long and 3 cm diameter wound with 1000 turns of wire
adjoining turns of the same winding experience [1994] carrying a current of 10A is [1996]
(a) an attractive force (b) a repulsive force (a) 0.015 joule (b) 0.15 joule
(c) no force (d) none of the above (c) 0.5 joule (d) 1.15 joule
03. Static magnetic fields induce currents in closed 09. An infinitely long straight wire carries 1000A of current
conducting loops. [1994] and in the vicinity there is a circular conducting loop of
100mm diameter with the center of the loop 1m away from
04. Match the appropriate item from the right hand side the straight conductor. Both the wire and the loop are
with those on the left hand side. [1994] coplanar. Determine the magnitude and direction of
(a) Line charge (P) Maxwell current in the loop that produces a zero flux density at its
(b) Magnetic flux density (Q) Poynting’s Vector center. [1997]
(c) Displacement current (R) Transmission line
conductors 10. A square coil of turns and 10cm side is moved through
a steady magnetic field of 1Wb / m2 at a constant velocity
(d) Power flow (S) Biot-Savart’s law of 2m/sec with its plane perpendicular to the field as
(T) Gauss’s
shown law Plot the variation of induced e.m.f as the
in figure.
(U) Faraday’s law the field.
coil moves along [1997]
05. The inductance of a coil is proportional to the

_____________ of the number of turns, all over parameters
remaining the same. [1994]
06. A monochromatic plane electromagnetic wave travels

in vacuum in the positive X direction (x, y, z system of
coordinates). The electric and magnetic fields can be
expressed as [1995]
(a) E ( x, t ) = E0 cos (kx − t ) ay
H ( x, t ) = H0 cos (kx − t ) az 11. The laws of electromagnetic induction (Faraday’s and

(b) E ( x, t ) = E0 cos (kx − t ) ay Lenz’s law) are summarized in the following equation: [1998]
di
  (a) e = iR (b) e = L
H ( x,t ) = H0 cos  kx − t −  az dt
 2
d
(c) E ( x, t ) = E0 cos (kx − t ) ay (c) e = − (d) None of the above
dt
H ( x, t ) = −H0 cos (kx − t ) az
(d) E ( x, t ) = E0 cos (kx − t ) ay 12. An electron moves in the X-Y plane with a speed of
106 m / s . Its velocity vector makes an angle of 60 with
  X-axis. A magnetic field of magnitude 10−2 T exists along
H ( x,t ) = −H0 cos  kx − t −  az
 2 the Y-axis. Compute the magnetic force exerted on the
electron and its direction. [1998]

EMFT
13. Two parallel wires separated by a distance d are 5A in the y direction, passes through this region as shown
carrying a current I in the same direction. The magnetic in Figure. [2002]
field along a line running parallel to these wires and
midway between them [1999]
(a) Depends upon I
(b) Is zero
(c) Depends upon d
(d) Depends upon the permeability of medium between the
wires
14. An electromagnetic field is radiated from [1999]

(a) A stationary point charge
(b) A capacitor with a DC voltage
(c) A conductor carrying a DC current
(d) An oscillating dipole Determine the expression for (a) B and (b) force density f
exerted on the conductor.
15. An electron with velocity u is placed an electric field E
and magnetic field B. the force experienced by the electron 18. Two conductors are carrying forward and return current
is given by [2000] of +I and –I as shown in Figure. The magnetic field
(a) –eE (b) −eu  B
intensity H at point P is [2003]
(c) −e (u  E + B ) (d) −r (E + u  B )
16. [2000]
I I
(a) y (b) x
d d
I I
(c) y (d) x
2d 2d
(a) Show via the construction of a suitable Gaussian surface, 19. Two infinite strips of width w m in x direction as shown
that the capacitance of a spherical capacitor consisting of in Figure, are carrying forward and return currents of +I
two concentric shells of radii a and b is given by and –I in the z direction. The strips are separated by a
ab distance of x m. The inductance per unit length of the
C = 4 0
(b − a ) configuration is measured to be L H/m. If the distance of
x
Where 0 is the free space permittivity separation between the strips is now reduced to m , the
2
(b) A current I in the short conducting element shown in fig inductance per unit length of the configuration [2003]
produces a flux density B1 at point 1.
Determine the magnitude and the direction of
the flux density vector at point 2.
17. The magnetic vector potential in a region is defined by

A = e− y sin ( x ) .az . An infinitely long conductor, having a
cross section area, a = 5mm2 and carrying a dc current, I =

EMFT
L 25. The following four vector fields are given in Cartesian

(a) 2L H/m (b) H/m co – ordinate system. The vector field which does not
4
satisfy the property of magnetic flux density is [2014-01]
L
(c) H/m (d) 4L H/m (a) y 2 ax + z 2 ay + x 2 az
2
(b) z 2 ax + x 2 ay + y 2 az
20. The inductance of a long solenoid of length 1000 mm 2 2 2
wound uniformly with 3000 turns on a cylindrical paper (c) x a + y a + z a
x y z
tube of 60mm diameter is [2004]
(d) y z ax + x z ay + x 2 y 2 az
2 2 2 2
(a) 3.2 µH (b) 3.2 mH
(c) 32.0 mH (d) 3.2 H
21. Which of the following statements holds for the

26. The magnitude of magnetic flux density B at a point ()
having normal distance d meters from an infinitely
divergence of electric and magnetic flux densities [2006]
0 I
extended wire carrying current of I A is (in SI units).
(a) Both are zero 2d
(b) These are zero for static densities but non zero for time An infinitely extended wire is laid along the x-axis and is
carrying current of 4A in the +ve x direction. Another
varying densities infinitely extended wire is laid along the y-axis and is
(c) It is zero for the electric flux density carrying 2A current in the +ve direction.  0 is permeability
(d) It is zero for the magnetic flux density of free space. Assume î, ˆj, kˆ to be unit vectors along x, y
and z axes respectively. [2014-02]
22. Consider the following statements with reference to the


equation [2006]
t
(1) This is a point format the continuity equation
(2) Divergence of current density is equal to the decrease
of charge per unit volume per unit at every point
(3) This is Maxwell’s divergence equation
(4) This represents the conservation of charge
Select the correct answer
(a) Only 2 and 4 are true (b) 1, 2 and 3 are true
(c) 2, 3 and 4 are true (d) 1, 2 and 4 are true Assuming right handed coordinate system, magnetic field
intensity, H at coordinate (2,1,0) will be
23. A coil of 300 turns is wound on a non-magnetic core
having a mean circumference of 300 mm and a cross- 3 4
(a) k̂ weber / m2 (b) î A / m
sectional area of 300 mm2. The inductance of the coil 2 3
corresponding to a magnetizing current of 3A will be 3
(Given that µ0 = 4 10-7 H/m) [2008] (c) k̂ A / m (d) 0 A/m
2
(a) 37.68 µH (b) 113.04 µH
(c) 37.68 µH (d) 113.04 µH 27. Consider a one – turn rectangular loop of wire placed
in a uniform magnetic field as shown in the figure. The
24. The flux density at a point in space is given by plane of the loop is perpendicular to the field lines. The
resistance of the loop is 0.4 and its inductance is
B = 4xax + 2kyay + 8az Wb/m2 . The value of constant k negligible. The magnetic flux density (in Tesla) is a function
of time, and is given by B(t) =0.25sin t , where
must be equal to [2013]
 = 2 50 radian/second. The power absorbed (in Watt)
(a) -2 (b) -0.5 by the loop from the magnetic field is _____________.
[2015-01]
(c) +0.5 (d) +2

EMFT
30. A soft-iron toroid is concentric with a long straight

conductor carrying a direct current I. If the relative
permeability  of soft-iron is 100, the ratio of the
r
magnetic flux densities at two adjacent points located just
inside and just outside the toroid, is _____________. [2016-01]
31. The flux linkage () and current (i) relation for an
electromagnetic system is  = ( i ) / g . When I = 2A and

g (air-gap length) = 10 cm, the magnitude of mechanical
force on the moving part, in N, is ________________. [2016-02]
28. A steady current I is flowing in the –x direction through

1 32. A rotating conductor of 1 m length is placed in a
each two infinitely long wires at y =  as shown in the
2 radially outward (about the z-axis) magnetic flux density
figure. The permeability of the medium is  0 . The B -field ((B) of 1 Tesla as shown in the figure below. Conductor is
parallel to and at 1 m distance from the z-axis. The speed
at (0, L, 0) is [2015-01]
of the conductor in r.p.m. required to induce a voltage of
1V across it, should be _________________. [2016-02]
4 0 l 4 0l
(a) − Ẑ (b) + Ẑ
3L 3L
33. A solid iron cylinder is place in region containing a
30l uniform magnetic field such that the cylinder axis is parallel
(c) 0 (d) − Ẑ
4 L to the magnetic field direction. The magnetic field lines
inside the cylinder will [2017-01]
29. A circular turn of radius 1m revolves at 60rpm about its
(a) bend closer to the cylinder axis
diameter aligned with the x – axis as shown in the figure.
(b) bend farther away from the axis
The value of  0 is 4  10−7 is SI unit. If a uniform
(c) remain uniform as before
magnetic field intensity H = 107 z A/m is applied, then the (d) cease to exist inside the cylinder
peak value of induced voltage, Vturn (in Volts), is 34. The magnitude of magnetic flux density (B) in micro
_____________. [2015-02] Teslas (µT), at the center of a loop of wire wound as a
regular hexagon of side length 1 m carrying a current (I = 1
A) and placed in vacuum as shown in the figure is _________.
(Give the answer up to two decimal places). [2017-01]

EMFT
35. A transformer with toroidal core of permeability  is ˆ y,

( x, ˆ and ẑ are unit vectors along x-axis, y-axis, and z-
shown in the figure. Assuming uniform flux density across axis, respectively.) [2021]
the circular core cross-section of radius r  R , and
neglecting any leakage flux, the best estimate for the mean 39. A long conducting cylinder having a radius ‘b’ is placed
radius R is [2018] 3
along the z axis. The current density is J = Jar zˆ for the
region r < b where r is the distance in the radial direction.

The magnetic field intensity (H) for the region inside the
conductor (i.e. for r < b) is [2022]
J 4 J
(a) a r (b) a r3
4 3
J
Ir2NpNs  (c) a r 4 (d) Ja r3
Vr2NP2  5
(a) (b)
I V
Vr2NP2  Ir2NP2  40. If the magnetic field intensity (H) in a conducting
(c) (d)
2I 2V region is given by the expression,
36. A conducting square loop of side length 1 m is placed H = x2î + x2 y 2ˆj + x 2 y 2 z 2kˆ A/m . The magnitude of the
at a distance of 1 m from a long straight wire carrying a current density, in A/m2, at 𝑥 = 1 m, 𝑦 = 2 m, and 𝑧 = 1 m,
current I = 2 A as shown below. The mutual inductance, in is [2022]
nH (rounded off to 2 decimal places), between the (a) 8 (b) 12
conducting loop and the long wire is __________. [2020] (c) 16 (d) 20
41. In the figure, the electric field 𝐸 and the magnetic field
𝐵 point to 𝑥 and 𝑧 directions, respectively, and have
constant magnitudes. A positive charge ' 𝑞 ' is released
from rest at the origin. Which of the following statement(s)
is/are true. [2023]
37. Which one of the following vector functions represents

ˆ yˆ , and ẑ are unit vectors along x-
a magnetic field B ? ( x,
axis, y-axis, and z-axis, respectively) [2021]
(a) 10xxˆ + 20yy
ˆ − 30zzˆ (b) 10yxˆ + 20xy
ˆ − 10zzˆ
(c) 10zxˆ + 20yy
ˆ − 30xzˆ (d) 10xxˆ − 30zy
ˆ + 20yzˆ (a) The charge will move in the direction of 𝑧 with constant
velocity.
(b) The charge will always move on the 𝑦 − 𝑧 plane only.
38. One coulomb of point charge moving with a uniform
(c) The trajectory of the charge will be a circle.
ˆ m/s enters the region x  0 having a magnetic
velocity 10x
(d) The charge will progress in the direction of 𝑦.
flux density
42. An infinite surface of linear current density 𝐾ˆ = 5𝑎ˆ𝑥 𝐴/𝑚
B = (10yxˆ + 10xyˆ + 10zˆ ) T . The magnitude of force on the
exists on the 𝑥 − 𝑦 plane, as shown in the figure. The
charge at x = 0+ is ________ N. magnitude of the magnetic field intensity (𝐻) at a point

EMFT
(1,1,1) due to the surface current in Ampere/meter is

(Round off to 2 decimal places). [2023]

EMFT
Solutions
01. Ans: (a)
Solution:
By Stokes Theorem,
 A.dl =  (  A).ds
A =B
 A.dl =  B.ds
which is flux through the surface ‘S’
02. Ans: (a)

Solution:
When the transformer winding suffers a short circuit, then current in adjoining turns are parallel. From basic field theory we
know that two current carrying conductors, with current in same direction attract each other.
This can be determined by Lorentz Force Law. The magnetic field due to both conductors is shown below and then the
force on each conductor can be computed as F = I ( B )
03. Ans: (False)

Solution:
Static magnetic fields cannot induce currents in closed conducting loops,
Because according to faraday’s law -for current to be induce in closed conducting loops magnetic flux crossing the loop
must be time varying which can be produced by time varying magnetic fields.
 d 
Vinduced = −  
 dt 
04. Ans: (a-R, b-S, c-P, d-Q)
Solution:
(a) → (R)
(b) → (S)
(c) → (P)
(d) → (Q)
Poynting vector = E  Hw m2
05. Ans: (Square)

Solution:
N0N2 A
L=
l
L  N2
Hence, inductance is proportional to square of number of turns.
06. Ans: (a)

Solution:
EM wave is travelling in X-direction
In vacuum

EMFT
Ey
=  = 120
HZ
There won’t be any phase difference between E x,t and H x,t ( ) ( )
 These two conditions are satisfied by option ‘a’ only.
07. Ans.---
Solution:
Magnetic vector potential due to a current element is,
L µo I dx
A=
−L 4 1
(r 2
+ x2 ) 2
From the figure

x = r tan 
dx = r sec2  d
A = 2
L
2
(
µo I r sec  d )
o 4 2 2 1
(
r + r tan2  2 )
A = 2
L (
µo I r sec  d
2
)
o 4 r sec 
µo I L
4  o
A=2 sec  d
µI
A = 2 o ln ( sec  + tan  ) 
4
L
µ I   r 2 + x2 x  
A = o ln  + 
2   r r 
  o
µo I   L2 + r 2 L  
A= ln  +  − ln 1 
2   r r 
   
Sine L >> r
µo I  2L 
A= ln  
2  r 
08. Ans: (b)

Solution:
0N2 A
Inductance of a Solenoid is, L =
l
( )
2
4   10−7  (1000 )    3  10 −2
2
L= 2 =2.96mH
30  10−2 ( )
1 1
E = LI2 =  2.96  10 −3  102 =0.148 0.15 Joule
2 2

EMFT
09. Ans: (15.92)

Solution:
Total magnetic flux density at ‘O’=0
0 I1
Magnetic Flux density due to line current, â
2R x
I
Magnetic Flux density due to ring current, 0 2 ( −âx )
2R
Net magnetic Field, +

( )
0 I1aˆ x 0 I2 −aˆ x
=0
2R 2r
r=50mm
I1r 1000  50
I2 = = = 15.92A
R   1000
10. Ans: ----

Solution:
The given system is,
When the loop has entered B by a distance ‘x’
area = ax
flux = B (ax)
−d dx
Induced emf = = – Ba
dt dt
e = – Bav
e = –1 × 0.1 × 2 = – 0.2V
When x = a, the loop has entered the field completely & overlapping area becomes constant.
 = B.A = constant
e=0
When x > d, then loop starts to exit the magnetic field region.
area overlap = a (a – x)
flux = Ba (a – x)
−d dx
induced emf, e = = Ba
dt dt
e = Bav = 1 × 0.1 × 2
e = 0.2V
The waveform for induced emf is
11. Ans: (c)

Solution:
There are two parts of Faraday’s laws that are stated as below:

EMFT
(i) Whenever there is a rate of change of flux linkage associated with a circuit, an EMF is induced in it.
d
(ii) The magnitude of the EMF induced is given by E = N
dt
Lenz’s law states that the direction of the above induced EMF is such that it opposes the very cause of its production. This
is incorporated by a minus sign in the equation.
d
E = −N
dt
N =  [  is called flux linkage]
d d
e=−
dt
( N ) = −
dt
d
e=−
dt
12. Ans: (0.8x10-15N)

Solution:
(
F = q V B )
F = −1.6  10 −19 106  10 −2  sin30 
1
F = 1.6  10 −19  10 4  N = 0.8  10−15 Newton
2
It will be along z-direction.
13. Ans: (b)

Solution:
The magnetic field produced by a current carrying conductor is along a closed loop around the wire. So, the magnetic field
along a parallel wire is zero.
14. Ans: (d)

Solution:
Electric field can be generated by a stationery as well as a moving charge but magnetic field can only be generated by a
moving charge. Hence to generate electromagnetic field we need a moving charge.
An electromagnetic field is radiated from an oscillating dipole.
15. Ans: (d)

Solution:
By Lorentz Force Law,
( ) (
F = −eE + ( −e ) u  B = −e E + u  B )
16. Ans: ---
Solution:
(a) Electric field at a distance ‘r’
Q 
E= ar
4 or 2
Potential difference between two shells

EMFT
a −Q a 1
Vab = −  E.dr =  dr
b 4 o b r2
a
Q 1 
Vab =
4 o  r b
Q 1 1 
Vab =  − 
4 o  a b 
Q 4 oab
Capacitance, Cab = =
Vab (b − a )
(b) The given system is,
By Biot – Savart law

B=
(
µo I d l  aR )
4 R 2
Where R is distance from centre.


aR is unit vector from centre to point
µo I dl sin90  µoI dl 
B1 = a2 = a2
d
2
d 2
4  
2

B2 =
(
µ I d l  ar )
4r 2
r2 = d2 + d2 = 2d2
 −dl 
dl  ar = dl sin (180 + 145) = – a2
2
 −dl  
µ I a2 
B2 =  2  = −µI dl a = −1 B
4  2d2 ( ) 8 2d2
2
8 2
1
17. Ans: ---

Solution:
Magnetic flux density can be determined by curl of magnetic vector potential.
aˆ x aˆ y aˆ z aˆ x aˆ y aˆ z
B = A =    =   0
x y z x y
Ax Ay Az 0 0 e−6 sinx
A z A
B= aˆ x − z aˆ y
y x
B = −e− y sinxaˆ x − e− y cos xaˆ y
dF = IdL  B
(
F =  I.dy aˆ y  B )

EMFT
y = 
F =  ( )
I.dy aˆ y   −e− y sinxaˆ x − e− y cos xaˆ y  =  5dye− y sinxdyaˆ z
y =0 0
F = 5sinxaˆ zN
Force
Force density =
Volume
Volume= area  length = 5  10−6 m3
F 5sinx
F= = aˆ = 106 sinxaˆ z N m3
Vol 5  10−6 z
18. Ans: (a)

Solution:
By right hand thumb rule the magnetic field of +I current would be clockwise and directed in y direction at P.
Magnetic field of –I current would be anti-clockwise and directed in y direction at P. So, both the field will be added.
I I I
H = H1 + H2 = yˆ + yˆ = ŷ
2d 2d d
19. Ans: (c)

Solution:
Inductance/m  Separation between the strips
So, when separation is reduced to x/2 then inductance will become L/2 H/m.
20. Ans: (c)

Solution:
Magnetic Flux Density in a solenoid is, B = 0nI
where n is the Number of Turns/Length
If the cross sectional area is S.
Magnetic Flux is given by,  = BS = 0nSI
Flux linkage = N = 0nNSI = 0n2SI

Inductance is given by, L = = 0n2S
I
3000
Number of turns per unit length, n = n = = 3000
1
( ) ( )
2 2
L =  0n S = 4   10 −7  3000
2
   30  10 −3  1 = 32mH
21. Ans: (d)

Solution:
Divergence of magnetic flux densities is always zero for both static and time varying magnetic fields.
.B = 0
V
Divergence of electric flux densities is never zero for both static and time varying electric field. .E =
0

EMFT
22. Ans: (d)

Solution:
p
is a point form of continuity equation.
t

Continuity equation can also be expressed as, .J =
t
Continuity equation represents conservation of charge.
23. Ans: (b)

Solution:
n=300
Circumference= = 2r = 300mm
Cross sectional area of coil, A = 300  10−6
0N2 A 4   10 −7  300  300  300  10 −6
Inductance is given by, L = = =113.04 H
l 300  10 −3
24. Ans: (a)

Solution:
By Gauss’s Law of Magnetism, .B = 0
BX B y Bz
+ + =0
x y z
4 + 2k + 0 = 0
2k = −4
k = −2
25. Ans: (a)

Solution:
The property of magnetic flux density is that its divergence is always zero, i.e.,
.B = 0
This is violated in option (C) as,
.B = 2 ( x + y + z )  0
26. Ans: (c)

Solution:
Magnetic Flux Density, B = μ0 H
 0  4 4 0
Magnetic flux density due to current along x -axis = = k̂
2  1 2
0  2 0
Magnetic flux density due to current along y-axis = =
2  2 2
−k̂( )
The direction of these magnetic fields have been determined on the basis of Right Hand
Rule.
30
Btotal = k̂
2
3 Â
Htotal = k
2 m

EMFT
27. Ans: (0.1927)

Solution:
−d 
Emf induced in loop, e =
dt
 = BA = 0.25sin t  (10  5 )  10−4 = 12.5  10−4 sin t Wb
e = −12.5  10 −4   cos t = −12.5  10 −4  (100  ) cos t = −0.3927cos t
e2 .39272
Power absorbed = rms = = 0.1927W
R 2  0.4
28. Ans: (a)

Solution:
The direction of current in both the wires is in −x̂ direction.
So, magnetic field at y = L due to both wires will be in −ẑ
direction as per Right hand thumb rule.
By Ampere’s Circuital law,
For first wire:
 B .d l =  I
1 0
L 
B1  2   = 0 I
2
I
B1 = 0
L
For second wire,

 B .d l =  I
2 0
 3L  I
B2  2   =  0 I , B 2 = 0
2
  3L
Since, the current in both wires is in same direction the magnetic field will be clockwise and will get added up at (0, L, 0)
 I  1
B ( 0,L,0 ) = B + B = 0 1 + 
1 2 L  3 
4 0 I
B ( 0,L,0 ) = − zˆ
3L
29. Ans: (248.05)

Solution:
(
The area of the ring perpendicular to magnetic field = r sin t
2
)
= angular speed of rotation
Magnetic field density, B = 0H = 4 Wb

m2
Flux,  = B.A = 4( r 2sin  t) = 42r 2 sin t

EMFT
−d
Vturn = = −4 2r 2 cos t
dt
 2 
 =   60 
 60 
 2 
Peak value = 42r 2 = 4. .(1) .   60  = 248.05 V
2 2
 60 
30. Ans: (100)

Solution:
 0 r I
The flux density inside toroid = , where r = 100
2r
Since, only air is present outside toroid, r = 1
0 I
Therefore, the flux density outside toroid =
2r
0r I
Ratio = 2r = r = 100
0 I
2r
31. Ans: (188.56)

Solution:
Energy in a magnetic system is given by, E = i  d ( )
From, the relation given, i = 2g2
3
E =   2g2d = g2
3
3 3
dE 3 i2 2i2
Mechanic force is given by, F = = 2g = 2g 3 = 2
dg 3 3g 3g
3
2  22
F= = 188.56N − m
3 ( 0.1 )
2
32. Ans: (9.55)

Solution:
Induced emf E = Blv ()
Linear Velocity, v=  r
2N
=
60
B = 1T, l = 1 m, r = 1 m
2N
1 = 11 1
60
60
N= = 9.55 rpm
2

EMFT
33. Ans: (a)

Solution:
Iron is a ferromagnetic material so magnetic field lines are attracted &
they closer to cylinder axis
34. Ans: 0.6928

Solution:
By Pythagoras theorem
3
r = l2 − l
2
= l
4 2
nI
H= sin 
2r n
0nI
B= sin 
2r n
Number of sides, n=6
B=
( 4  10 )  6  1 sin 
−7
=
12  2
 1  10−7 =
12
 10−1 T = 0.6928T
6 3 2 3
2  3 1
2
35. Ans: (d)

Solution:
Since secondary is open circuited, then there is no flux due to secondary
Hence, ratio of current & voltage is impedance of primary
V
= L
I
V
L=
I
L (pri) =
NP 2 A
=
( )= V
NP 2 r 2
2R I
INP r 2 2
R=
2V
36. Ans. 138.33

Solution:
Magnetic flux density at distance ‘x’ from
0I
wire =
2x
0Iadx
d = B  adx =
2x
d+ a
0Ia 1 4   10−7  2  1  d + a 
=
2  x
dx =
2
ln 
 d 

d
= 4 × 10–7 ln 2/1

EMFT

M= = 2ln2  10 −7 = 138.63 nH
I
37. Ans. (a)

Solution:
For a magnetic field   B = 0
Option (a)
  
x
(10x ) + ( 20y ) + ( −30z ) = 10 + 20 − 30 = 0
y z
Option (b)
  
x
(10y ) + ( 20x ) + ( −10z ) = −10  0
y z
Option (c)

x
(10z ) + y ( 20y ) + z ( −30z ) = 20  0
Option (d)

x
(10z ) + y ( −30z ) + z ( 20y ) = 10  0
38. Ans. 100

Solution:
Magnetic force on a moving charge = q v  B ( )
F = 1C 10xˆ  (10yxˆ + 10xyˆ + 10zˆ ) 
= 100xzˆ − 100yˆ
at x = 0+
ˆ
F = −100yN
39. Ans. (c)

Solution:
By ampere’s law
 H  dl = Ienc
Ienc =  J  ds =  Jar 3  rdrd
2 r
 r5  2Jar5
=  Jar 4 drd = Ja    2 =
 5  5
0 0
H × 2r = Ienc
Jar 4
H=
5
40. Ans. (b)

Solution:
By ampere’s law
 H = J

EMFT
î ˆj kˆ
  
=J
x y z
x2 x2 y 2 x2 y 2 z 2
( ) ( ) (
J = î 2x2 yz 2 − 0 − ˆj 2xy 2 z 2 − 0 + kˆ 2xy 2 )
at x = 1m, y = 2m & z = 1m
J = 4iˆ − 8ˆj + 8kˆ
1/2
J =  4 2 + 82 + 8 2  = 12 A/m2
 
41. Ans. ()
Solution:
MTA
42. Ans. (2.5)

Solution:
2.49 to 2.51
k
Magnetic field intensity due to surface current density kA/m is
2
5
 H= = 2.5 A / m
2

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Singnal and System

Chapter 1 – Electrostatics .................................................................................................................................................. 2

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04. In electrostatic field   E = 0 [1994]

05. A hollow conductor us at a potential V. The potential at

06. A spherical conductor of radius ‘a’ with charge ‘q’ is

07. Insider a hollow conducting sphere [1996]

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18 Given a vector field F , the divergence theorem states

(c) F  dS =    FdV (d)  F  dS =   . FdV (a) 1298 pF (b) 944 pF

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25. The current in the inductor is [2007]

28. Two point charges Q1 = 10µC and Q2 = 20µC are

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34. C 0 is the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with

39. Match the following: [2015-02]

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46. Consider an electron, a neutron and a proton initially at

(a) increase with r (b) is 0 following choices is true? [2017-02]

(c) is 3 (d) decrease with z.

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48. Consider a solid sphere of radius 5 cm made of a [2019]

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59. As shown in the figure below, two concentric

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02. Ans: (2.236 V/m)

03. Ans: (a)

04. Ans: (True)

zero. The electric field is related to electric potential as,

conductor must be same i.e. V.

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06. Ans: (d)

07. Ans: (a)

08. Ans: (c)

09. Ans: (d)

10. Ans: (4.72)

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8.85  10−12  400  10−4  1  2 4 

11. Ans: (11.11)

From the figure shown below,

13. Ans: ---

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14. Ans: (a)

16. Ans: (a)

Position vector of charge is, r2 = −ˆi + ˆj + kˆ

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17. Ans: (None)

18. Ans: (a)

19. Ans: (b)

20. Ans: (d)

21. Ans: (b)

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22. Ans: (d)

23. Ans: (d)

24. Ans: (a)

25. Ans: (d)

Inductance of a coil is, L = 0 = =0.3217 H

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26. Ans: (a)

27. Ans: (b)

29. Ans: (c)

30. Ans: (d)

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