Network

Network Analysis
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1
Network Analysis
Network Analysis
Chapter 1 – Network Basics .............................................................................................................................. 3

Solution .................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Chapter 2 – Network Theorems ................................................................................................................... 34
Solution .................................................................................................................................................................... 38
Chapter 3 – Transient Analysis ..................................................................................................................... 49
Solution .................................................................................................................................................................... 61
Chapter 4 – Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis ..................................................................................... 101
Solution .................................................................................................................................................................. 112
Chapter 5 – Two port network ................................................................................................................... 144
Solution .................................................................................................................................................................. 150
Chapter 6 – Graph theory .............................................................................................................................. 168
Solution .................................................................................................................................................................. 170
Chapter 7 – Three phase circuits................................................................................................................ 172
Solution .................................................................................................................................................................. 174
Chapter 8 – Magnetically coupled circuits ........................................................................................... 177
Solution .................................................................................................................................................................. 180
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Network Analysis
Chapter 1 – Network Basics

01. A dc circuit shown in figure has a voltage source V,
a current source I and several resistors. A particular
resistor R dissipates a power of 4 watts when V alone is
active. The same resistor R dissipates a power of 9
watts when I alone is active. The power dissipated by R
when both sources are active will be [1993]
(a) – 105 V (b) + 105 V

(c) – 15 V (d) + 15 V
05. An infinite grid is built up by connecting resistors

in the manner indicated in figure, where each branch
represents one ohm resistor. Calculate the effective
resistance between the nodes A and B. [1993]
(a) 1 W (b) 5 W
(c) 13 W (d) 25 W
02. In the circuit of figure, when switch S1 is closed,

the ideal ammeter M1 reads 5A. What will be ideal
voltmeter M2 read when S1 is kept open? (The value
of E is not specified). [1993] 06. The RMS value of a rectangular wave of period T,
( )
having a value of + V for a duration, T1  T and –V
for the duration, T − T1 = T2 , equals [1995]

T1 − T2
(a) V (b) V
T
V T
(c) (d) 1 V
2 T2
07. The current i 4 in the circuit of the figure is equal

to [1997]
03. A network contains linear resistors and ideal

voltage sources. If values of all the resistors are
doubled, then the voltage across each resistor is
[1993]
(a) halved (b) doubled
(c) increased by four times (d) not changed
04. The two electrical sub network N1 and N2 are

connected through three resistors as shown in figure.
The voltage across 5 ohm resistor and 1 ohm resistor (a) 12 A (b) – 12 A
are given to be 10 V and 5V, respectively. Then voltage (c) 4 A (d) None of these
across 15 ohm resistor is [1993]
3
Network Analysis
08. The voltage V in the figure is equal to [1997] 12. The nodal method of circuit analysis is based on
[1998]
(a) KVL and Ohm’s law
(b) KCL and Ohm’s law
(c) KCL and KVL
(d) KCL, KVL and Ohm’s law
13. The voltage across the terminals a and b in Figure

is [1998]
(a) 3 V (b) – 3V
(c) 5 V (d) None of these
09. The voltage V in the figure is always equal to

[1997]
(a) 0.5 V (b) 3.0 V

(c) 3.5 V (d) 4.0 V
(a) 9 V (b) 5 V 14. A Delta-connected network with its Wye-

(c) 1 V (d) None of these equivalent is shown in Figure. The resistance R 1 , R 2
and R 3 (in ohms) are respectively [1999]
10. The voltage V in the figure is [1997]
(a) 1.5, 3 and 9 (b) 3, 9 and 1.5

(a) 10 V (b) 15 V (c) 9, 3 and 1.5 (d) 3, 1.5 and 9
(c) 5 V (d) None of the above
15. In the circuit of Figure, the value of the voltage
11. source E is [2000]
(a) – 16 V (b) 4 V
(c) – 6 V (d) 16 V
In the circuit of figure when R = 0  , the current iR

equals to 10 A [1997]
(a) Find the value of R for which it absorbs maximum
power
(b) Find the value of E
(c) Find V2 when R =  (open circuit)
4
Network Analysis
16. Use the data of Figure (a). The current I in the 20. The dependant current source shown in Figure
circuit of Figure (b) is [2000] [2002]
(a) Delivers 80 W (b) Absorbs 80 W

(c) Delivers 40 W (d) Absorbs 40 W
(a)-2A (b) 2A
(c) -4A (d) +4A 21. The minimum number of equations required to
analyse the circuit shown in Figure is [2003]
17. The voltage e₀ in figure is [2001]
4
(a) 2V (b) V (a) 3 (b) 4
3
(c) 6 (d) 7
(c) 4V (d) 8V
22. Twelve 1Ω resistances are used as edges to form a

18. If each branch of a Delta circuit has impedance
cube. The resistance between two diagonally opposite
3Z , then each branch of the equivalent Wye circuit corners of the cube is [2003]
has impedance. [2001]
5 1
Z (a)  (b) 
(a) (b) 3Z 6 6
3
6 3
Z (c)  (d) 
(c) 3 3Z (d) 5 2
3
23. The current flowing through the resistance R in the
19. The voltage e 0 in figure is [2001] circuit in figure has the form P cos 4t, where P is
[2003]
(a) 48 V (b) 24 V
(d) 36 V (d) 28 V
(a) (0.18+j0.72) (b) (0.46+j1.90)
(c) -(0.18+j1.90) (d) –(0.192+j0.144)
5
Network Analysis
24. If R1 = R2 = R 4 and R3 = 1.1R in the bridge 27. In the circuit shown, the power supplied by the
voltage source is [2010]
Circuit shown in figure, then the reading in the ideal
Voltmeter connected between a and b is [2005]
(a) 0W
(b) 5W
(c) 10W
(d) 100W
28. In the following figure, C1 and C2 are ideal

capacitors. C1 has been charged to 12V before the
ideal switch S is closed at t = 0. The current i(t) for all t
is [2012]
(a) 0.238 V (b) 0.138 V

(c) -0.238 V (d) 1 V
(a) Zero
25. A fully charged mobile phone with a 12 V battery is
(b) A step function
good for a 10 minute talk-time. Assume that, during
(c) An exponentially decaying function
the talk-time, the battery delivers a constant current of (d) An impulse function
2 A and its voltage drops linearly from 12 V to 10 V as
shown in the figure. How much energy does the 29. If VA –VB =6 V, then VC –VD is [2012]
battery deliver during this talk-time? [2009]
(a) 220 J
(b) 12 kJ
(c) 13.2 kJ
(d) 14.4 kJ
(a) –5 V (b) 2 V
(c) 3 V (d) 6 V
26. In the interconnection of ideal sources shown in
30. Consider a delta connection of resistors and its
the figure, it is known that the 60 V source is absorbing
equivalent star connection as shown below. If all
power. Which of the following can be the value of the elements of the delta connection are scaled by a factor
current source I? [2009]  ,   0 , the elements of the corresponding star
equivalent will be scaled by a factor of [2013]
(a) 10 A
(b) 13 A
(c) 15 A
(d) 18
(a) 2 (b) 
(c) 1  (d) 
6
Network Analysis
31. The following arrangement consists of an ideal (a) 13, -20 (b) 8, -10
transformer and an attenuator which attenuates by a (c) -8, 20 (d) -13, 20
factor of 0.8. An ac voltage VWX1 = 100V is applied
34. The current in the 1 resistor in Amps is [2013]
across WX to get an open circuit voltage VYZ1 across
(a) 2 (b) 3.33
YZ. Next, an ac voltage VYZ2 = 100V is applied across (c) 10 (d) 12
YZ to get an open circuit voltage VWX2 across WX.
35. Consider the configuration shown in the figure
Then, VYZ1 / VWX1 , VWX2 / VYZ2 are respectively, which is a portion of a larger electrical network
[2013] [2014-01]
(a) 125 100 and 80 100

(b) 100 100 and 80 100
(c) 100 100 and 100 100
(d) 80 100 and 80 100
For R = 1 and currents i1 = 2A , i4 = −1A , i5 = −4A

32. Three capacitors C1 , C 2 and C 3 whose values are
, which of the following is TRUE?
10F , 5F and 2F respectively, have breakdown
(a) i6 = 5A
voltages of 10V, 5V and 2V respectively. For the
interconnection shown below, the maximum safe (b) i3 = −4A
voltage in Volts that can be applied across the (c) Data is sufficient to conclude that the supposed
combination, and the corresponding total charge in currents are impossible
C stored in the effective capacitance across the (d) Data is insufficient to identify the currents i2 , i3
terminals are respectively, [2013] and i6
(a) 2.8 and 36
(b) 7 and 119 36. A Y-network has resistances of 10Ω each in two of
(c) 2.8 and 32 its arms, while the third arm has a resistance of 11Ω. In
the equivalent  -network, the lowest value (in Ω)
(d) 7 and 80 among the three resistances is ________.
[2014-01]
Common Data for Questions 33 and 34: 37. A periodic variable x is shown in the figure as a
Consider the following figure function of time. The root-mean-square (rms) value of
x is _________. [2014-01]
33. The current I S in Amps in the voltage source and

38. In the figure shown, the value of the current I (in
voltage VS in Volts across the current source Amperes) is __________. [2014-03]
respectively, are [2013]
7
Network Analysis
39. For the Y-network shown in the figure, the value of

R1 (in Ω) in the equivalent ∆-network is ____.
[2014-03]
43. In the given circuit, the values of V1and V2
respectively are [2015-01]
(a) 5 V, 25 V (b) 10 V, 30 V
(c) 15 V, 35 V (d) 0 V, 20 V
40. The circuit shown in the figure represents a
[2014-04] 44. In the circuit shown, the voltage VX (in Volts) is
___________. [2015-03]
(a) Voltage controlled voltage source

(b) Voltage controlled current source
(c) Current controlled current source
(d) Current controlled voltage source
45. In the given circuit, each resistor has a value equal
41. The equivalent resistance in the infinite ladder to 1Ω.
network shown in the figure, is R e . The value of R e /R
is ________. [2014-04]
42. In the network shown in the figure, all resistors are What is the equivalent resistance across the terminals a
identical with R = 300 Ω. The resistance Rab (in Ω) of and b? [2016-02]
the network is ______. [2015-01] (a) 1/6 Ω (b) 1/3 Ω
(c) 9/20 Ω (d) 8/15 Ω
8
Network Analysis
46. In the circuit shown in the figure, the magnitude of 50. Consider the network shown below with R1 = 1 ,
the current (in amperes) through R2 is _______.
[2016-02] R2 = 2 and R3 = 3 . The network is connected to a
constant voltage source of 11V. [2018]
47. In the figure shown, the current i (in ampere) is

____. [2016-03] The magnitude of the current (in amperes. accurate
to two decimal places) through the source is _______
51. The current I flowing in the circuit shown below

in amperes is ________. [2019]
52. Current through ammeters A2 and A3 in fig. are

48. A connection is made consisting of resistance A in 1  10° and 1  70° respectively. The reading of
series with a parallel combination of resistances B and the ammeter A1 (rounded off to 3 decimal
C. Three resistors of value 10 ,5 ,2  are provided. places) is …… A. [2020]
Consider all possible permutations of the given
resistors into the positions A, B, C, and identify the
configurations with maximum possible overall
resistance, and also the ones with minimum possible
overall resistance. The ratio of maximum to minimum
values of the resistances (up to second decimal place)
is ______________. [2017-02]
49. Consider the circuit shown in the figure. 53. In given circuit, for voltage Vy to be zero, value
of  should be…. . (round off to 2 decimal
places). [2021]
54. In circuit shown below, the magnitude of

The Thevenin equivalent resistance (in ) across P-Q voltage V1 in volts, across the 8 k resistor is
is _______________. [2017-02] ………. .
[2022]
9
Network Analysis
55. For the circuit shown in the figure, 𝑉1 =

8 V, DC and 𝐼1 = 8 A, DC. The voltage 𝑉𝑎𝑏 in Volts is
(Round off to 1 decimal place). [2023]
10
Network Analysis
11
Network Analysis
Solution
01. Ans: (d)
Solution:
Apply Superposition theorem
Let current in resistor R be I1
When only source ‘V’ is active
 I1 R=4
2
4
I1 =
R
And let current in resistor R be I 2
When only source I is active
 I22 R = 9
9
I2 =
R
By using superposition theorem
I = I1 + I2
4 9
I= +
R R
Total power dissipated P = I2R
( )
2
P= 4+ 9 = 25W
02. Ans: ---

Solution:
Find the Thevenin’s Equivalent across AB
For Thevenin’s Voltage
6 8
Vth = −E  +E
6+4 8+2
12
Network Analysis
[ Correct in this A and B terminal is zero]

 3 4 E
Vth = E  − +  = V
 5 5 5
For Thevenin’s Resistance
R th = ( 4 || 6 ) + ( 8 || 2 ) + 3 + 3
Rth = 2.4 + 1.6 + 6 = 10 

When Switch S1 is closed
Ammeter reads 5A
Voltmeter reads 0V
Current in 10 resistor

10  I = 5  5
I = 2.5A
I = 5 + 2.5 = 7.5A
Apply KVL in input loop
Yth − IRth − 10  2.5 = 0
E
− 7.5  10 − 25 = 0
5
E = 5  75 + 25 
E = 500 V
E
 Vth = = 100V
5
When Switch S1 is opened
No current will flow in Ammeter & the reading of Ammeter will be zero
13
Network Analysis
Vth 100
I= = = 5A
R th + 10 10 + 10
VA = 10  5 = 50V
Reading of the voltmeter = 50V
03. Ans: (d)

Solution:
Voltage dividing and current dividing rule does not depend upon the actual value of impedance,
Instead they depend upon ratio of impedances.
Hence, if the entire resistors are doubled, then voltage across each resistance is not changed.
04. Ans: (a)

Solution:
Let the current in 5  , 1  and 15  be I1 ,I2 and I3 respectively
Apply Kirchhoff’s current law

Net current entering a network = net current leaving the network
I3 = I1 + I2
V 10 5
 − = +
15 5 1
−V = 7  15
V = −105 V
05. Ans: ---

Solution:
VAB
R AB =
I
Assume G is the ground terminal.
Connect current source of I A between A and G. I enters terminal A, goes through the infinite grid and comes back
to through ground, G.
14
Network Analysis
I   I  I
V1AB = VAC + VCB =   1 +   1 =
 4   12  3
Connect a current source, I between B & G. I enters the infinite gird through G and leaves B.
V2AB = VAC + VCB

 I  I  I
V2AB =   1 +   1 =
 12   4  3
I I 2I
VAB = V1AB + V2AB = + =
3 3 3
V 2
R AB = AB = 
I 3
06. Ans: (a)

Solution:
1 2
f ( t ) dt
T
RMS =
1 1 2 
T T
V dt +  ( −V ) dt 
2
 R.M.S of V =  
T  0 
T1 
1 2
=
T
( )
V T1 + V 2 ( T − T1 ) = V
15
Network Analysis
07. Ans: (b)

Solution:
Apply Kirchhoff’s current law at node A

Net current entering = Net leaving current
 I1 + I0 + I 4 = 0
5 + 7 + I4 = 0
I 4 = −12A
08. Ans: (a)

Solution:
By applying KVL in outer loop we get
5−4−4+V = 0
V =3
09. Ans: (d)

Solution:
Since the voltage across the current source is not given, so it is not possible to find out the value of the value of
‘V’.
10. Ans: (a)

Solution:
Since voltage source and voltage ‘V’ connected in parallel, Hence value of voltage V=10V.
For parallel connection voltage will be same and for series connection current will be same.
11.
(a) Ans: 2
Solution:
To absorb minimum power, we need to find Thevenin’s resistance
To find Thevenin’s resistance across R short circuit voltage source and open circuit current source.
16
Network Analysis
Rth = 2
(b) Ans: 4
To find E,
We will use condition iR = 10A when R=0
Applying nodal analysis at node E1

E1 − E E1 E1
+ + =0
4 4 2
E = 4E1 (1)
At node E2
E2 − 0 E2
+ =4
2 2
E2 = 4V
0 − E1 0 − E2
Now IR = +
2 2
E 4
10 = − 1 −
2 2
E1
12 = −
2
E1 = −24V
From equation (1)
E = 4E1 = 4  −24 = −96
(c) Ans: -20

When R = 
Apply KCL at node E1

E1 + 96 E1 E1 − V2
+ + =0
4 4 2
V2 = 2E1 + 48 …………….(i)
Apply KCL at node E2
17
Network Analysis
E2 − V2 E2
+ =4
2 2
2E2 = 8 + V2 …………….(ii)
E1 + E2
And V2 = ……..(iii)
2
From eq. (i), (ii) & (iii)
E1 = −34V, E2 = −6V & V2 = −20V
12. Ans: (b)

Solution:
The Nodal method of circuit analysis is bases on KCL and Ohm’s law
13. Ans: (c)

Solution:
By applying Nodal analysis at Node ‘a’
1−V V
+3 =
2 2
1−V+6 = V
2V = 7
V = 3.5V
14. Ans: (d)

Solution:
By using  − Y conversion
A B AC BC
R1 = ; R2 = ; R3 =
A +B + C A +B + C A +B + C
Putting A = 5, B = 30 & C = 15
R1 = 3,R2 = 1.5,R3 = 9
15. Ans: (a)

Solution:
By applying KVL we get

0 − 1 − E − 5 = 10
E = −16V
18
Network Analysis
16. Ans: (d)

Solution:
By applying reciprocity theorem
Response
= cons tant
Excitation
2 I
=
10 20
I = 4A
17. Ans: (c)

Solution:
By applying Nodal analysis

12 − E0 E0 E0
= +
4 4 4
E0 = 4V
18. Ans: (a)
Solution:
A B BC AC
R1 = ; R2 = ; R3 =
A +B + C A +B + C A +B + C
Given, A = B = C = 3Z
Z
Then, R1 = R 2 = R 3 =
3
19. Ans: (d)

Solution:
By using source transformation
Now applying Nodal analysis

80 − e0 e0 − 16 e0
= +
12 6 12
80 − e0 = 2e0 − 32 + e0
19
Network Analysis
112 = 4e0
e0 = 28V
20. Ans: (a)
Solution:
Apply KCL at node A

VA − 20 VA
+ =4
5 5
2VA − 20 = 20
VA = 20V
Voltage across dependent source = 20
Power delivered by the dependent source = 20  4 = 80 W
[ Voltage across dependent source is positive, so it will deliver the power]
21. Ans: (a)

Solution:
Total number of Nodes = 5
Voltage at one node is already known and one node is considered as reference node, so by using nodal analysis
minimum number of equations required to analyse this circuit are 3.
22. Ans: (a)

Solution:
Assuming a voltage source applied across the two diagonally opposite terminals A & B.
V
R AB =
I
And apply KVL in the loop we get,

I I I 5I
V= + + =
3 6 3 6
V 5
 R AB = = 
I 6
23. Ans: ---

Solution:
Assume 0 self inductance
20
Network Analysis
200 − jM I2 − 3I1 = 0

 −j 
And – jM I1 −   I2 − 3.92 I2 = 0
 c 
Based on given source,  = 4
20 − j3I2 − 3I1 = 0 ……………..(i)
3I1 + j3I2 = 200
 10.24 
j3I1 +  3.92 − j  I = 0 …….(ii)
 4  2
Form (i)
200 − j3I2
I1 =
3
( )
j 20 − j3I2 + (3.92 − j2.56 ) I 2 = 0
0
2900 = ( −6.92 + j2.56 ) I 2

I2 = 0.27 − 69.69 = 0.094 − j0.254
No option is correct
24. Ans: (c)

Solution:
Given: R1 = R2 = R 4 = R
R3 = 1.1R
Since voltmeter is ideal,

No current will flow through it
Potential of point ‘a’
10  R 2
Va = = 5V
R1 + R 2
Potential of point ‘b’
10  R 3 10  1.1
Vb = = = 5.238V
R3 + R 4 2.1
 Va − Vb = 5 − 5.238 = −0.238V
25. Ans: (c)

Solution:
21
Network Analysis
Power = V  i = V ( t )  2 = 2V ( t ) J
600
Energy =  Pdt =  2V ( t ) dt
0
Energy = 2  Area under the V − t curve
1 
Energy = 2    600  2 + 600  10  = 13.2 KJ
2 
26. Ans: (a)

Solution:
Since 60V source is absorbing power
 The direction of current would be as shown in figure
I + I1 = 12
Hence I  12
 I = 10A
27. Ans: (a)

Solution:
Applying Nodal analysis a Node N3
1 + 2 = I1
I1 = 3A
Applying Nodal analysis Node N1
I + 3 = I2
Applying KVL in outer loop we get,
10 = I2  2 + I3  2
10 = ( I + 3 )  2 + ( I + 2 )  2
10 = 2I + 6 + 2I + 4
I=0
Hence power supplied by the voltage source is 0 W
28. Ans: (d)

Solution:
When switch is closed, at t=0
No resistance is present in the circuit, so after closing the switch voltage across C2 will become same as C1
instantly. This is possible only when the current in the circuit will be impulse.
22
Network Analysis
29. Ans: (a)

Solution:
Apply Kirchhoff’s current law,

Current entering Network = Current leaving Network
Current enter at VA terminal = current leaving at VC terminal
VA − VB VD − VC
= −2
2 1
6
+ 2 = VD − VC
2
VC − VD = −5V
30. Ans: (b)

Solution:
Rb  R C
RA =
R a + Rb + R c
If Rb ,Rc ,R a are scaled by factor 
Then,
R A ,RB ,R C are also scaled by the factor 
31. Ans: (b)

Solution:
When voltage across WX is 100V voltage of secondary winding would be 125 V which will be attenuate by
resistor to 100 V i.e, VYZ1 = 100V
But when, VYZ2 = 100V

Since primary circuit is open circuited hence No current will flow neither in primary nor in secondary
Hence voltage across secondary = 100 V
And VWX2 = 100 = 80V
1.25
VYZ1 100 V 80
 = and WX2 =
VWX1 100 VYZ2 100
23
Network Analysis
32. Ans: (c)

Solution:
Given: C1 = 10F, C2 = 5F, C3 = 2F
VBC 1
= 10V, VBC 2
= 5V, VBC 3
= 2V
Maximum voltage across C2 + C3 can be 7V, hence voltage should be less than 7V
Maximum voltage across smallest capacitor C3 = 2V

So by voltage division
V  C2
=2
C2 + C3
V 5
=2
7
14
V= = 2.8V
5
C2  C3 10 80
Net capacitance, = + C1 = + 10 = F
C 2 + C3 7 7
80
Q=  2.8 = 32 C
7
33. Ans: (d)

Solution:
By applying KVL in this loop we get
10 + 5  2 − VS = 0
VS = 20V
Now by applying KCL at Node V1
V1 V1
2 = IS + +
2 1
Since V1 = 10V
IS = −13A
34. Ans: (c)

Solution:
Voltage across 1 resistor = 10V
10
I= = 10A
1
35. Ans: (a)

Solution:
Given R = 1
i1 = 2A, i4 = −1A, i5 = −4A
Applying KCL at A
I 4 + I1 = I2
−1 + 2 = I2
I2 = 1A
Applying KCL at B
24
Network Analysis
I 2 + I s = I3
1 + ( −4 ) = I3
I3 = −3A
Applying KCL at C
I3 + I6 = I1
−3 + I6 = 2
I6 = 5A
36. Ans: 29.09

Solution:
By using star – delta conversion
R aR c
R1 = R a + R c +
Rb
R aRb
R2 = Ra + Rc +
Rc
RbR c
R 3 = Rb + R c +
Ra
Given,
Ra = Rb = 10  & Rc = 11 
110
R1 = 10 + 11 + = 32 
10
100
R 2 = 10 + 10 + = 29.09 
11
110
R 3 = 10 + 11 + = 32 
10
Hence lowest value = 29.09 
37. Ans: 0.39 to 0.41

Solution:
T
1 2
X ( t ) dt
T 0
RMS value =
2 T
 t 0t
X (t) =  T 2
0 T
tT
 2
25
Network Analysis
T T
2
1 22  12
 RMS value =   t   dt +  0dt
T 0T  T0
T
4  t3  2
value =  
T3  3 0
4 T3 1
=  = = 0.4082
T3 3  8 6
38. Ans: 0.5

Solution:
By applying Nodal analysis we get
5 − V1 V1
+1 =
5 15
15 − 3V1 + 15 = V1
30 = 4V1
V1 = 7.5V
V1 1
I= = A
15 2
The value of current I (in amperes) is 0.5
39. Ans: 10
Solution:
By using star-delta conversion
R aRb
R1 = R a + R b +
Rc
Ra = 5 ,Rb = 3 ,Rc = 7.5 
53
R1 = 5 + 3 + = 10
7.5
40. Ans: (c)

Solution:
Since the dependent source has a factor of input current I, in it hence it is a current controlled and output of the
circuit is voltage so it is a current controlled voltage source
26
Network Analysis
41. Ans: 2.62

Solution:
To find Re we need to find equivalent resistance of remaining network

R  (R + R A )
RA =
2R + R A
2RR A + R A 2 = R 2 + RR A
R A2 + RR A − R2 = 0
−R  R 2 + 4R 2 −R + 5R
RA = − =
2 2
R A = 0.62 R
Re = 2 + 0.62 R
Re
= 2.62
R
42. Ans: 100

Solution:
By using symmetry concept or Wheatstone bridge concept, the equipment circuit will be
Hence adding resistance in parallel we get

R
R ab =
3
Since, R = 300
Rab = 100
43. Ans: (a)

Solution:
Current through 4 resistor is I,
27
Network Analysis
I2 = 4I by KCL
Now I2 = 5A
Hence, 4I = 5A
5
I= A
4
5
Now, V1 = 4I = 4  = 5V
4
Now applying KVL in loop
16I + 4I − V2 = 0
V2 = 20I
V2 = 25V
44. Ans: 9
Solution:
By applying KCL at Node of potential Vx
Vx 0.75Vx
5 = 0.5Vx + +
20 10
100 = 10Vx + Vx + 1.5Vx
100 = 12.5Vx
Vx = 8V
45. Ans: (d)

Solution:
By converting inner delta into star by using delta – star conversion
We get
1 1 4
R =1+ = 
1 +1 +1 3
Now converting outer delta into star we get
8
So equivalent resistance between a and b is 
15
28
Network Analysis
46. Ans: 5
Solution:
Applying Nodal analysis at Node V1

60 − V1 V1
+ 0.04Vx =
5 8
480 − 8V1 + 1.6Vx = 5V1 ………….(i)
Now since current through resistance R 2 and R 3 should be same as they are connected in series
V1 Vx
= = V1 = 1.6Vx ….…………(ii)
8 5
From eq. (i) & (ii)
480 − 8V1 + V1 = 5V1
12V1 = 480
V1 = 40V
V1
I= = 5A
8
47. Ans: -1
Solution:
Applying Nodal analysis at Node V1

V1 V1 − 8 V1 V1 − 8
+ + + =0
1 1 1 1
4V1 = 16
V1 = 4
Now applying KCL at Node N1
V1 − 8
+ I1 = 1
1
4 − 8 + I1 = 1
I1 = 5A
29
Network Analysis
V1
= I1 + I
1
4 =5+I
I = −1A
48. Ans: 2.14

Solution:
Maximum resistance occurs when highest is in series with parallel combination of smaller resistances.
52 10 80
Rmax = 10 + (5 || 2 ) = 10 + = 10 + = 
5+2 7 7
Minimum resistance occurs when smallest resistance is in series with parallel combination of larger resistances
10 16
Rmin = 2 + (5 || 10 ) = 2 + = 
3 3
Rmax 80 3 15
=  = = 2.14
Rmin 7 16 7
49. Ans: -1
Solution:
Voc
Thevenin equivalent resistance R Th =
Isc
For Voc:
3io
Current in 1  resistor = = 3io
1
By KVL, 10 = − 3io + io + io
io = −10 A
Voc = − 10V
For Isc,
io = 0 since 1 resistor is shorted
Hence 3io = 0
So 1 resistor in parallel to 3io is also shorted.
10
Isc = = 10 A
1
Voc
R th = = −1 
Isc
30
Network Analysis
50. Ans: (8)

Solution:
The network is symmetric about line joining the terminates So, network can be folded
R1 R1 R1 R3
R eq = + + ||
2 2 2 2
R eq = 0.5 + 0.5 + 0.5 || 1.5
1.5  0.5
R eq = 1 + = 1 + 0.375 = 1.375 = 8A
2
11
I= = 8A
1.375
51. Ans: 0
Solution:
By norton’s equivalent,
200 160 100 80
Isc = + − − = 0A
50 40 25 20
Since Isc = 0 , I = 0A
52. Ans: 1.732 A

Solution:
I = 1  10° + 1  70°
I = 1.732  40°
The reading of ammeter is 1.732 A.
53. Ans: 3.25

Solution:
By KCL at node x,
Vx − 6 Vx Vx − Vy
+ + =0
1 4 2
4Vx – 24 + Vx + 2Vx – 2Vy = 0
7Vx – 2Vy = 24 ………..(i)
If Vy = 0
 7Vx = 24
24
 Vx = V
7
By KCL at node y,
Vy − Vx Vy − Vx
+ =2
2 3
31
Network Analysis
3Vy − 3Vx + 2Vy − 2Vx = 12

5Vy − (3 + 2)Vx = 12 ………..(ii)
Vy =0
24
−(3 + 2) = 12
7
−7
(3 + 2) =
2
−7 −7 − 6 −13
2 = −3 = =
2 2 2
−13
= = −3.25
4
54. Ans: 100V

Solution:
The voltage across 8 k is
V1 = 8 kI
Write KVL equation in first loop
75 = 2kI + 0.5V1
75 − 0.5V1
I=
2k
 75 − 0.5V1 
V1 = 8k  
 2k 
V1 = 100V
55. Ans: (6)

Solution:
Assume node-b as reference & applying nodal analysis.
v −8 v −0 v −0
+ + =0
0.5 3 3
8V – 48 = 0
V = 6 Volt
32
Network Analysis
33
Network Analysis
Chapter 2 – Network Theorems

01. The value of the resistance, R, connected across the 05. The maximum power that can be transferred to the
terminals, A and B, which will absorb the maximum load resistor RL from the voltage source in figure is
power, is [1995] [2005]
(a) 4.00 k (a) 1 W
(b) 4.11 k (b) 10 W
(c) 8.00 k (c) 0.25 W
(d) 9.00 k (d) 0.5 W
06. For the circuit shown in figure, Thevenin’s voltage

02. Superposition theorem is NOT applicable to and Thevenin’s equivalent resistance at terminals a – b
is [2005]
networks containing [1998]
(a) Nonlinear elements
(b) Dependent voltage sources
(c) Dependent current sources
(d) Transformers
03. The value of R (in ohms) required for maximum

power transfer in the network shown in Figure is
[1999]
(a) 5 V and 2  (b) 7.5 V and 2.5 
(a) 2 (c) 4 V and 2  (d) 3 V and 2.5 
(b) 4 07. For the circuit shown in the figure, the Thevenin’s
voltage and resistance looking into X-Y are [2007]
(c) 8
(d) 10
04. In the network of Figure, the maximum power is

delivered to RL if its value is [2002]
(a) 4/3 V, 2 Ω (b) 4 V, 2/3 Ω

(c) 4/3 V, 2/3 Ω (d) 4 V, 2Ω
08. In the circuit shown, what value of R L maximizes

the power delivered to R L ? [2009]
(a) 2.4 
8
(b) 
40 3
(a) 16Ω (b) 
3 (c) 4 
(c) 60Ω (d) 20Ω
(d) 6 
34
Network Analysis
09. In the circuit shown below, the Norton equivalent 13. Norton’s theorem states that a complex network
current in amperes with respect to the terminals P and connected to a load can be replaced with an
Q is [2011] equivalent impedance [2014-02]
(a) In series with a current source
(b) In parallel with a voltage source
(c) In series with a voltage source
(d) In parallel with a current source
14. The magnitude of current (in mA) through the

resistor R2 in the figure shown is_______. [2014-04]
(a) 6.4 – j4.8 (b) 6.56 – j7.87

(c) 10 + j0 (d) 16 + j0
10. In the circuit shown below, the value of R L such

that the power transferred to R L is maximum is
[2011]
15. In the circuit shown, the Norton equivalent
(a) 5  resistance (in Ω) across terminals a-b is _______.
[2015-02]
(b) 10 
(c) 15 
(d) 20 
11. The impedance looking into nodes 1 and 2 in the

given circuit is [2012]
(a) 50 Ω
(b) 100 Ω 16. For the circuit shown in the figure, the Thevenin’s
equivalent voltage (in Volts) across terminals a-b is
(c) 5 k Ω ________. [2015-03]
(d) 10.1 k Ω
12. Assuming both the voltage sources are in phase,

the value of R for which maximum power is transferred
from circuit A to circuit B is [2012]
17. In the circuit shown in the figure, the maximum

power (in watt) delivered to the resistor R is________.
[2016-01]
(a) 0.8 Ω (b) 1.4 Ω

(c) 2 Ω (d) 2.8 Ω
35
Network Analysis
18. In the circuit shown below, Vs is a constant

21. For the network shown, the equivalent Thevenin
voltage source and IL is a constant current load. The
voltage and Thevenin impedance as seen across
value of IL that maximizes the power absorbed by the
terminals 'ab' is [2021]
constant current load is [2016-02]
Vs Vs (a) 10 V in series with 12 

(a) (b) (b) 65 V in series with 15 
4R 2R
Vs (c) 50 V in series with 2 
(c) (d)  (d) 35 V in series with 2 
R
19. Consider the two-port resistive network shown in 22. In the given circuit, for maximum power to be
the figure. When an excitation of 5 V is applied across delivered to RL, its value should be …………… . (Round
Port 1, and Port 2 is shorted, the current through the off to 2 decimal places). [2021]
short circuit at Port 2 is measured to be 1 A (see (a) in
the figure). Now, if an excitation of 5V is applied across
Port 2 and Port 1 is shorted (see (b) in the figure), what
is the current through the short circuit at Port 1?
[2019]
23. For the circuit shown, if 𝑖 = sin⁡ 1000𝑡, the

instantaneous value of the Thevenin's equivalent
voltage (in Volts) across the terminals 𝑎 − 𝑏 at time 𝑡 =
5 ms is (Round off to 2 decimal places). [2021]
(a) 0.5A (b) 2A

(c) 2.5A (d) 1A
20. A benchtop DC power supply acts as an ideal 4 A

current source as long as its terminal voltage is below
10 V. Beyond this point, it begins to behave as an ideal
10 V voltage source for all load currents going down to
0A. When connected to an ideal rheostat, find the load
resistance value at which maximum power is
transferred, and the corresponding load voltage and
current.
(a) 2.5 , 4 A, 10V
(b) 2.5 , 4 A, 5V
(c) Open, 4 A, 0 V
(d) Short, A, 10V [2020]
36
Network Analysis
37
Network Analysis
Solution
01. Ans
Solution:
To observe maximum power R AB = Rth
For Thevenin’s equation resistance R th ( )
AB = R th = 8K 8K = 4 K
02. Ans: (a)

Solution:
Superposition theorem is not applicable to network containing non-linear elements
03. Ans: (c)

Solution:
For maximum power transfer in R,
R = Rth
For Thevenin’s resistance Rth
 Short circuit voltage source and open circuiting current source we get
5  20
4+ = R th
25
Rth = 8
04. Ans: (a)

Solution:
For maximum power transfer RL = Rth
Vopen circuit
R th =
Ishort ccircut
To find Vopen circuit equivalent circuit is
38
Network Analysis
By applying KCL at Node V1

0.5I1 + I = I1
I1
I=
2
 V1 = −20I
VOC = −10I1 and −10I1 − 40I1 = 50 = I1 = −1A
VOC = 10V
Now to find ISC , equivalent circuit will be
By applying KVL we get

40I1 + 50 = 0
5
I1 = −
4
0.5I1 = I1 + ISC
5
ISC = −0.5I1 = A
8
VOC 10  8
R th = = = 16
ISC 5
05. Ans: (c)

Solution:
Thevenin’s resistance across R L would be 100 ohm and Thevenin’s voltage would be 10V
Vth2
Pmax =
4R th
100
Pmax = = 0.25 W
4  100
06. Ans: (b)

Solution:
For Thevenin’s voltage
Applying KCL at Node V1

V1 V − 10
1= + 1
5 5
2V1 − 10 = 5
39
Network Analysis
Vth = V1 = 7.5V
To find I SC equivalent circuit is
10 − 0
ISC = 1 +
5
ISC = 3A
VOC 7.5
R th = = = 2.5
ISC 3
07. Ans: (d)

Solution:
For Thevenin’s voltages equivalent circuit becomes
Applying KCL at Node Vth
2i − Vth Vth
+ 2 = Vth +
1 2
Now Vth = i
3
2Vth − Vth + 2 = V
2 th
Vth
=2
2
Vth = 4V
To find lSC , equivalent circuit becomes
Hence, lSC = 2A
VOC 4
R th = = = 2
ISC 2
08. Ans: (c)

Solution:
For maximum power transfer RL = R th
Voc
For Thevenin’s resistance R th =
Isc
40
Network Analysis
To find Vth equivalent network is

VOC = 100V
To find I SC
Applying KCL at Node N1
100 + Vx 100 + Vx
+ = ISC
4 4
100 V
And =− x
8 4
Vx = −50V
100 + Vx
 ISC =
2
ISC = 25
100
R th = RL = = 4
25
09. Ans: (a)

Solution:
The Norton equivalent current would be obtained by short circuit P & Q.
16 ( 25 )
IN = - by current division rule
40 + j30
400 ( 40 − j30 )
IN =
2500
IN = ( 6.4 − j4.8 ) A
10. Ans: (c)

Solution:
For maximum power transfer RL = R th
For Thevenin’s resistance open circuit current source and short circuit voltage source
Rth = 10 || 10 + 5 = 5 + 10 = 15
41
Network Analysis
11. Ans: (a)

Solution:
Since here is no dependent source,
We have to apply IV source
By applying KCL at Node N1

1 1
99Ib + IN = +
100 10k
1
And Ib = −
10k
−9.9m + IN = 10m + 0.1m
IN = 20 mA
1 1000
Impedance across Nodes 1 and 2 = = = 50
IN 20
12. Ans: (a)

Solution:
In order for maximum power to transfer from current A to B,
VI should minimum
10 − V
I=
2
P = VI
V (10 − V )
P=
2
dP
=0
dV
V = 5V
10 − V V − 3
=
2 R
10 − 5 5 − 3
=
2 R
R = 0.8
42
Network Analysis
Alternate Method
By Maximum power transfer theorem
Equivalent resistance of circuit B = 2 ohm
And voltage across circuit B= 5V [Voltage divider]
10 − 5 5 − 3
 =
2 R
R = 0.8
13. Ans: (d)

Solution:
Norton’s theorem states that a linear active RLC network which contains one or more independent voltage and
current source can be replaced by a single current source in shunt with an equivalent impedance.
14. Ans: 2.8

Solution:
By using superposition theorem
When only 10 mA current source is active current through R 2 will be
2
I1 = 10m  = 2 mA
8+2
When only 2 mA current source is active current through R 2 will be
4
I2 = 2m  = 0.8 mA
6+4
 I = I1 + I2 = 2.8mA
15. Ans: 1.33

Solution:
To find Norton’s equivalent resistance
As there is no independent source is present, we have to apply I V D.C source across terminal a & b
43
Network Analysis
1
I=
4
1 1 1
IN = + + 1 − 4 
4 2 4
3
IN = A
4
1 4
Norton equivalent resistance = = 
IN 3
16. Ans: 10
Solution:
Applying KCL at Node Vth ,

12 − Vth Vth
+1 =
3 6
Vth
5=
2
Vth = 10V
17. Ans:
Solution:
For maximum power delivered by the resistance R,
R = Rth
By voltage dividing rule, we know that
2
V0 = 5  = 2V
2+3
Now since V0 = constant,
Equivalent circuit becomes
To find Thevenin’s resistance across R

10  40
R th = = 8 k
50
To find Thevenin’s voltage across R

40
Vth = 200  = 160V
40 + 10
Maximum power delivered to the resistor R

Vth2 1602
Pmax = = = 0.8W
4R th 4  8k
44
Network Analysis
18. Ans: (b)

Solution:
In order to maximize the power absorbed by constant current load is
P = ( VS − ILR ) IL
P
= VS − 2ILR
IL
P
=0
IL
VS
IL =
2R
19. Ans: (d)

Solution:
In any bilateral linear circuits; If a source of EMF “V” acting in a branch (let “A”) of the circuit produces the current
“I” in another branch (let “B”) of the circuit. Then when the EMF “V” acts in the second branch “B”, it will produce
the same current “I” in the first branch “A”.
Here by reciprocity theorem, I=1A
20. Ans: (2.5)

Solution:
Maximum power transistor of VI product is maximum. If draw the curve, it intersect (10,4) that will give maximum
power.
The terminal voltage is 10 V (Load voltage) and current is 4A (Load current).
10
Load resistance = = 2.5
4
21. Ans: (15)

Solution:
Given circuit can be resolved as shown below,
VTH = 15 + 50 = 65 V
45
Network Analysis
Vx = 2 + 3 + 10 = 15 V
Vx
R TH = = 15
1
Alternate method
To determine VOC, we open terminal a & b
i = 0 i1 = 5 A
By KVL, 10i + 3i1 − 2  0 − VOC = 0
VOC=13i1=65V
To determine ISC, Short terminals a & b
ISC + i1 = 5
By KVL,
10i1 + 3i1 − 2  ISC = 0
ISC = 6.5i1
 7.5i1 = 5
2
i1 = A
3
13
 ISC = A
3
VOC 65
R Th = = = 15 
ISC 13 / 3
22. Ans: (1.414)

Solution:
46
Network Analysis
−j −j
= = = − j2
C 1000  0.5  10 −3
j4 j2
zin = 2 ‖ j2 = =
2 + j2 1 + j1
For maximum power transfer
2
RL = Z TH = = 2 = 1.414 
2
23. Ans: (-11.98)

Solution:
Applying nodal analysis to super node
v v − 4ix
+ = 10
10 − j10 10 + j10
V
ix =
10 − j10
 1 1 4 
V + −  = 10
10 − j10 10 + j10 (10 − j10)(10 + j10) 
16
V =1 0
(10 − j10)(10 + j10)
200
V= = 12.5
16
 v(t) = 12.5 sin (1000t)
At t = 5 msec v(t) = 12.5 sin 5 = -11.986
47
Network Analysis
48
Network Analysis
Chapter 3 – Transient Analysis

01. The necessary and sufficient condition for a R2
rational function of s. T(s) to be driving point (c) u(t )
R1 + R 2
impedance of an RC network is that all poles and zeros
should be [1991] 1
R2
1 − e 1 1 .u ( t )
RC
(a) Simple and lie on the negative axis in the s-plane (d)
R1 + R 2
(b) Complex and lie in the left half of the s-plane
(c) Complex and lie in the right half of the s-plane
(d) Simple and lie on the positive real axis of the s- 04. Of the four networks, N1 , N2 , N3 and N 4 of
plane figure, the networks having identical driving point
functions are [1992]
02. (a) Find the Laplace transform of the waveform x(t)
shown in figure. [1991]
(b) The network shown in figure is initially under steady

state condition with the switch in position 1. The switch
is moved from position 1 to position 2 at t = 0+ .
Calculate the current i(t) through R 1 after switching.
03. For the compensated attenuator of figure, the (a) N1 and N1 (b) N2 and N 4
impulse response under the condition R1C1 = R2C2 is: (c) N1 and N3 (d) N1 and N 4
[1992]
05. In the following circuit the capacitance varies as
C = KQ , where K is a constant equal to 0.5
Farads/coulomb and Q, the charge on the capacitor in
Coulombs. Determine the current through the circuit
and sketch the voltage waveform across the capacitor
( Vc )
1
R2   for a step input Vi as shown in figure. [1993]
(a) 1 − eR1C1  u ( t )
R1 + R 2  

R2
(b)  (t)
R1 + R 2
49
Network Analysis
()
06. A ramp voltage,  t = 100t volts, is applied to an (1) Current increases monotonically with time
(2) Current decreases monotonically with time
RC differentiating circuit with R = 5k and C = 4F .
(3) Current remains constants at V/R
The maximum output voltage is [1994]
(a) 0.2 volts (b) 2.0 volts (4) Current first increases then decreases
(c) 10.0 volts (d) 50.0 volts (5) No current can ever flow
07. A DC voltage source is connected across a series R- 11. In the circuit of the figure is the energy absorbed
L-C circuit. Under steady-state conditions, the applied
DC voltage drops entirely across the [1995]
(
by the 4  resistor in the time interval 0,  is )
(a) R only (b) L only [1997]
(c) C only (d) R and L combination
08. Consider a DC voltage source connected to a series

R-C circuit. When the steady-state reaches, the ratio of
the energy stored in the capacitor to the total energy
supplied by the voltage source, is equal to [1995]
(a) 0.362 (b) 0.500 (a) 36 Joules (b) 16 Joules
(c) 0.632 (d) 1,000 (c) 256 Joules (d) None of the above
09. The voltage VC1 , VC2 and VC3 across the 12. In the circuit of Figure, the switch ‘S’ has remained
capacitors in the capacitors in the circuit in the given open for a long time. The switch closes instantaneously
figure, under steady state, are respectively. [1996] at t = 0. [1999]
(a) 80V, 32V, 48V (b) 80V, 48V, 32V

(c) 20V, 8V, 12V (d) 20V, 12V, 8V
(a) Find V for t  0 and as t → 
10. In the circuit shown in the figure is (a) – (c), (b) Write an expression for V as function of time for
assuming initial voltage and capacitors and currents
through the inductors to be zero at the time of 0t
switching (t=0), then at any time t  0 . [1996]
(c) Evaluate V at t = 25 sec .
(a)
13. In the circuit of Figure, the voltage v(t) is

[2000]
(b)
(a) eat − ebt (b) eat + ebt

at bt
(c) ae − be (d) aeat + bebt
(c)
50
Network Analysis
14. For the circuit in Figure

[2000]
18. In figure, the switch was closed for a long time

before opening at t = 0. The voltage Vx at t = 0+ is .
[2002]
(a) Find the Thevenin’s equivalent of the sub circuit

faced by the capacitance across the terminals a, b.
() ( )
(b) Find v c t , t  0 , given v c 0 = 0
(c) Find i(t), t  0
15. For the circuit in Figure, write the state equations

using v c and iL as state variables. [2000]
(a) 25 V (b) 50 V
(c) -50 V (d) 0 V
19. The switch in figure has been in position 1 for a

long time and is then moved to position 2 at t = 0.
[2002]
16. The network N in Figure consists only of two

elements: a resistor of 1 and an inductor of L Henry.
A 5 V source is connected at the input at t = 0 seconds.
The Inductor current is zero at t = 0. The output
voltage is found to be 5e−3t V , for
(a) Find the voltage transfer function of the network.
(b) Find L, and draw the configuration of the network.
(c) Find the impulse response of the network. [2000]
(a) Determine VC 0 ( ) and I ( 0 )

+
L
+
dVc ( t )
(b) Determine at t = 0+
dt
(c) Determine Vc ( t ) for t > 0
17. The circuit shown in figure is operating in steady-
state with switch S1 closed. The switch S1 is opened at
20. The differential equation for the current i(t) in the
t=0. [2001] circuit is [2003]
( ).
(a) Find iL 0
+
(b) Find e ( 0 ) .
+
1
(c) Using nodal equations and Laplace transform

approach, find an expression for the voltage across the
capacitor for all t > 0.
51
Network Analysis
d2i di  
(a) 2 + 2 + i ( t ) = sint  1 
dt 2
dt  R + Ls +
Cs
-Ls  I1 ( s )
   
V
(c)   = 
R+Ls+   2 ( )   
2
di di 1 I s   s 
(b) + 2 + 2i ( t ) = cos t  -Ls
dt2 dt  Cs  0
d2i di
(c) 2 2 + 2 + i ( t ) = cos t  1   
dt dt R + Ls + Cs -Ls  I1 ( s )   V 
d2i di (d)    = − 
(d) + 2 + 2i ( t ) = sint  -Ls 1   I2 ( s )   s 
dt 2
dt  R+Ls+     
Cs   0
Common data type
The circuit for Q.33-34 is given in figure. For both the 23. An input voltage
questions, assume that the switch S is in position 1 for ( )
v ( t ) = 10 5 cos t+10  + 10 5 cos 2t+10  V ( )
a long time and thrown to position 2 at t = 0.
is applied to a series combination of resistance R = 1Ω
and an inductance L = 1H. The resulting steady state
current i(t) in ampere is [2003]
(
(a) 10 cos t + 55

) + 10 cos (2t + 10 
+ tan−1 2 )
(
(b) 10 cos t + 55 ) + 10 32 cos (2t + 55 )
 
(c) 10 cos ( t - 35 ) + 10 cos ( 2t + 10 − tan 2 )

  −1
3
21. At t = 0+, the current i1 is [2003]
(
(d) 10 cos t - 35

) + 10 2
(
cos 2t − 35 )
−V −V
(a) (b)
2R R 24. For the R-L circuit shown in Figure, the input
−V () ()
voltage v i t = u t . The current i(t) is [2004]
(c) (d) zero
4R
22. I1 s () and I2 s () are the Laplace transforms of
i1 ( t ) and i2 ( t ) respectively. The equations for the

loop currents I1 s () and I2 s () for the circuit shown
above, after the switch is brought from position 1 to
position 2 at t = 0, are [2003]
 1    (a)
R + Ls + Cs -Ls  I1 ( s )   V 
(a)   = 
 -Ls 1   I2 ( s )   s 
 R+     
Cs  0
 1   
R + Ls + Cs -Ls  I1 ( s )   V 
(b)    = − 
R+   2 ( )  
 -Ls 1  I s   s
 
Cs   0
(b)
52
Network Analysis
(c)
L 1
(c) R  2 (d) R =
C LC
27. The first and the last critical frequency of an RC-

driving point impedance function must respectively be
[2005]
(a) A zero and a pole (b) a zero and a zero
(c) A pole and a pole (d) a pole and a zero
(d) 28. A square pulse of 3 volts amplitude is applied to C-

R circuit shown in figure. The capacitor is initially
uncharged. The output voltage V0 at time t=2 sec is
[2005]
25. The circuit shown in figure has initial current

( )
iL 0− = 1A through the inductor and an initial
( ) = −1V
voltage Vc 0
−
across the capacitor. For input (a) 3 V
(c) 4 V
(b) -3 V
(d) -4 V
v(t) = u(t), the Laplace transform of the current i(t) for
t  0 is [2004] 29. The first and the last critical frequencies
(singularities) of a driving point impedance function of
a passive network having two kinds of elements, are a
pole and a zero respectively. The above property will
be satisfied by [2006]
(a) RL network only
(b) RC network only
s s+2 (c) LC network only
(a) 2 (b) 2
s + s+1 s + s+1 (d) RC as well as RL networks
s−2 s−2
(c) 2 (d) 2
s + s+1 s + s −1 30. A 2mH inductor with some initial current can be
represented as shown below, where s is the Laplace
Transform Variable. The value of initial current is:
26. The condition on R, L and C such that the step [2006]
response y(t) in figure has no oscillations, is (a) 0.5 A
[2005]
(b) 2.0 A
(c) 1.0 A
(d) 0.0 A
1 L L
(a) R  (b) R 
2 C C
53
Network Analysis
31. In the figure shown below, assume that all the

()
capacitors are initially uncharged. If v i t = 10u t () (a) 1 (b) 1 + s +
1
()
Volts, v 0 t is given by [2006] s
1 2
s + s +1
(c) 2 + s + (d) 2
s s + 2s + 1
35. The driving point impedance of the following

network
0.2s
Is given by Z s = () 2
s + 0.1s + 2
.The component values
are [2008]
(a) L = 5 H, R = 0.5  , C = 0.1F
(a) 8e−0.004t Volts (
(b) 8 1 − e
−0.004t
) Volts (b) L = 0.1 H, R = 0.5  , C = 5F
(c) 8u(t) Volts (d) 8 Volts (c) L = 5 H, R = 2  , C = 0.1F
(d) L = 0.1 H, R = 2  , C = 5F
32. In the circuit shown, VC is 0 volts at t=0 sec. For t >
0, the capacitor current ic(t), where t is in seconds, is
given by [2007] 36. The circuit shown in the figure is used to charge
the capacitor C alternately from two current sources as
indicated. The Switches S1 and S2 are mechanically
coupled and connected as follows:
For 2nT  t  ( 2n + 1 ) T ,
(n = 0, 1, 2,) S1 to P1 and S2 to P2
(a) 0.50 exp(-25t) mA
(c) 0.50 exp(-12.5t) mA
(b) 0.25 exp(-25t) mA
(d) 0.25 exp(-6.25t) mA
For ( 2n + 1 ) T  t  ( 2n + 2 ) T ,
33. In the following circuit, the switch S is closed at (n = 0, 1, 2,…) S1 to Q1 and S2 to Q2.
di +
t=0. The rate of change of current
dt
( )
0 is given by Assume that the capacitor has zero initial charge.
Given that u(t) is a unit step function, the voltage
[2008]
Vc ( t ) across the capacitor is given by [2008]
R s Is
(a) 0 (b)
L
(c)
(R + R s ) I s (d)   n
L (a)  ( −1)
n=0
tu ( t − nT )
34. The Thevenin’s equivalent impedance Zth between  n
the nodes P and Q in the following circuit is [2008]

(b) u(t) + 2  ( −1 ) u ( t − nT )
n=1
 n
(c) t u(t) + 2  ( −1) ( t − nT ) u ( t − nT )
n=1

0.5 − e ( − t −2nT ) −( t −2nT −T ) 
(d)  
n=0 
+ 0.5e

54
Network Analysis
Common Data for Questions 37 and 38:

The following series RLC circuit with zero initial
conditions is excited by a unit impulse function  t . ()
(a) 0.2e−125tu(t) mA (b) 20e−1250tu(t) mA

(c) 0.2e−1250tu(t) mA (d) 20e−1000tu(t) mA
37. For t > 0, the output voltage Vc t is () [2008] 41. The time domain behaviour of an RL circuit is
 −1 t 3  1 represented by
2 − t 2 − t
(a) e 2 −e 2  (b) te 2 di
3  
 3 L
dt
( )
+ Ri = V0 1 + Be−Rt/L sint u ( t )
2 1
− t  3  2 1
− t  3  V
e cos  t e sin  t For an initial current of i ( 0 ) = 0 , the steady state
(c) 2 (d) 2
3  2  3  2  R
   
value of the current is given by [2009]
38. For t > 0, the voltage across the resistor is [2008] V0 2V0
()
(a) i t →
R
(b) i t →() R
1  − 3t 1
− t 
(a) e 2 −e 2  V 2V0
3  
 (c) i ( t ) → 0 (1 + B ) (d) i ( t ) → (1 + B )
R R
1
− t   3 t 1  3 t 
(b) e 2 cos  − sin   42. In the circuit shown, the switch S is open for a long
  2  3  2 
    time and is closed at t = 0 . The current i(t) for t  0+
is [2010]
2 1
− t  3 t
(c) e 2 sin  
3  2 
 
2 1
− t  3 t
(d) e 2 cos  
3  2 
 
()
(a) i t = 0.5 − 0.125e−1000t A
39. If the transfer function of the following network is
(b) i ( t ) = 1.5 − 0.125e−1000t A
V0 ( s ) 1
= , the value of the load resistance R L (c) i ( t ) = 0.5 − 0.5e−1000t A
Vi ( s ) 2 + sCR
(d) i ( t ) = 0.375e−1000t A
is [2009]
43. In the circuit shown below, the initial charge on the

capacitor is 2.5mC, with the voltage polarity as
indicated. The switch is closed at t=0. The current i(t) at
a time t after the switch is closed is? [2011]
(a) R/4 (b) R/2

(c) R (d) 2 R
40. The switch in the circuit shown was on position ‘a’

for a long time, and is moved to position ‘b’ at time
t=0. The current i(t) for t>0 is given by [2009]
() (
(a) i t = 15exp −2  10 t A
3
)
55
Network Analysis
() (
(b) i t = 5exp −2  10 t A
3
)
(c) i ( t ) = 10exp ( −2  10 t ) A
3
(d) i ( t ) = −5exp ( −2  10 t ) A
3
5
44. The transfer function
V2 ( s )
of the circuit shown
(a) I(t) =
3
(1 − e ) ,  = 32 msec
− t/ 
V1 ( s )
5
below is [2013] (b) I(t) =
2
(1 − e ) ,  = 32 msec
− t/ 
5
(a)
0.5s + 1 (c) I(t) =
3
(1 − e ) ,  = 3msec
− t/ 
s+1
5
(b)
3s + 6 (d) I(t) =
2
(1 − e ) ,  = 3msec
− t/ 
s+2
s+2 48. A series RC circuit is connected to a DC voltage
(c)
s +1 source at time t = 0. The relation between the source
s +1 voltage VS , the resistance R, the capacitance C, and the
(d)
s+2 current i(t) is given below:
t
1
c 0
45. In the circuit shown in the figure, the value of VS = Ri(t) + i(u)du .
capacitor C (in mF) needed to have critically damped
response i(t) is________. [2014-01] Which one of the following represents the current i(t)?
[2014-03]
(a)
46. In the figure shown, the ideal switch has been open
for a long time. If it is closed at t=0, then the
magnitude of the current (in mA) through the 4kΩ (b)
resistor at t = 0+ is ___________. [2014-02]
(c)
47. In the figure shown, the capacitor is initially

uncharged. Which one of the following expressions
describes the current I(t) (in mA) for t  0 ?
[2014-02]
(d)
56
Network Analysis
49. Consider the building block called ‘Network N’

shown in the figure. Let C = 100 µF and R= 10kΩ.
(a) 0.3 (b) 0.45

(c) 0.9 (d) 3
Two such blocks are connected in cascade, as shown in 52. The damping ratio of a series RLC circuit can be
the figure. expressed as [2015-01]
RC
2
2L
(a) (b)
2L R 2C
R C 2 L
(c) (d)
2 L R C
53. In the circuit shown, switch SW is closed at t = 0.

Assuming zero initial conditions, the value of vc(t) (in
Volts) at t = 1 sec is ________. [2015-01]
V 3 (s)
The transfer function of the cascaded network
V1 (s)
is [2014-03]
s s 2
(a) (b)
1+s 1 + 3s + s2
2
 s  s
(c)   (d)
1 + s 2+s 54. An LC tank circuit consists of an ideal capacitor C
connected in parallel with a coil of inductance L having
an internal resistance R. The resonant frequency of the
50. In the circuit shown in the figure, the value of v0(t)
tank circuit is [2015-02]
(in Volts) for t →  is ____. [2014-04]
1 1 C
(a) (b) 1 − R2
2 LC 2 LC L
1 L 1  2 C
(c) 1− (d) 1 − R 
2 LC R 2C 2 LC  L
55. In the circuit shown, the initial voltages across the

capacitors C1 and C2 are 1 V and 3 V, respectively. The
switch is closed at time t=0. The total energy
dissipated (in Joules) in the resistor R until steady state
is reached, is __________. [2015-02]
51. In the circuit shown, the switch SW is thrown from

position A to position B at time t = 0. The energy (in
μJ) taken from the 3 V source to charge the 0.1 μF
capacitor from 0 V to 3 V is [2015-01]
57
Network Analysis
56. The switch has been in position 1 for a long time 59. The switch in the circuit, shown in the figure, was
and abruptly changes to position 2 at t = 0 . open for a long time and is closed at t = 0.
If time t is in seconds, the capacitor voltage Vc (in

volts) for t > 0 is given by [2016-02]
(a) 4(1 − exp(−t / 0.5))
(b) 10 − 6exp(−t / 0.5)
(c) 4(1 − exp(−t / 0.6)) The current i (t) (in ampere) at t = 0.5 seconds is
(d) 10 − 6exp(−t / 0.6)) ____________ [2017-02]
60. For the circuit given in the figure, the magnitude of

57. Assume that the circuit in the figure has reached
the loop current (in amperes, correct to three decimal
the steady state before time t = 0 when the 3 Ω
places) 0.5 second after closing the switch is ________
resistor suddenly burns out, resulting in an open
[2018]
circuit. The current i(t) (in ampere) at t=0+ is ________.
[2016-03]
61. The RC circuit shown below has a variable

58. In the circuit shown, the voltage VIN ( t ) is
resistance R(t) given by the following expression:
described by:  t
 0, for t  0 R ( t ) = R 0 1 −  for 0  t  T [2019]
VIN ( t ) =   T 
15 Volts, for t  0
Where t is in seconds. The time (in seconds) at which
the current I in the circuit will reach the value 2
Amperes is ___________. [2017-01]
Where R0 = 1  and C=1 F. We also given that

T = 3R0C and the source voltage is VS = 1V . If the
current at time t=0 is 1A, then the current I(t), in
amperes, at time t = T is ______ (rounded off to 2

2
decimal places)
58
Network Analysis
62. A resistor and a capacitor are connected in series

to a 10 V DC supply through a switch. The switch is
closed at t=0, and the capacitor voltage is found to
cross 0V at t=0.4, where  is the circuit time constant.
The absolute value of percentage change required in
the initial capacitor voltage if the zero crossing has to
happen at t=0.2 is……………… (rounded off to 2
decimal places). [2020]
63. In the circuit, switch 'S’ is in the closed position for

a very long time if the switch is opened at time t = 0,
then iL(t) in amperes, for t > 0 is [2021] 66. The value of parameters of the circuit shown in the
figure are:
𝑅1 = 2Ω, 𝑅2 = 2Ω, 𝑅3 = 3Ω, 𝐿 = 10mH, 𝐶 = 100𝜇F
For time 𝑡 < 0, the circuit is at steady state with the
switch ' 𝐾 ' in closed condition. If the switch is opened
at 𝑡 = 0, the value of the voltage across the inductor
(𝑉𝐿 ) at 𝑡 = 0+ in Volts is (Round off to 1 decimal place).
[2023]
(a) 10
(c) 8+2 e-10t
(b) 8 e-10t
(d) 10(1-e-2t)
64. A 100 Hz square wave, switching between 0V and

5V, is applied to a CR high-pass filter circuit as shown,
The output voltage waveform across the resistor is
67. The circuit shown in the figure is initially in the
6.2V peak-to-peak, If the resistance R is 820. then the
steady state with the switch 𝐾 in open condition and 𝐾‾
value C is………. F. (Round off to 2 decimal places.)
in closed condition. The switch 𝐾 is closed and 𝐾‾ is
[2021]
opened simultaneously at the instant 𝑡 = 𝑡1, where
𝑡1 > 0. The minimum value of 𝑡1 in milliseconds, such
that there is no transient in the voltage across the
100𝜇F capacitor, is (Round off to 2 decimal places).
[2023]
65. In the circuit shown below, the switch Sis closed

at t = 0. The magnitude of the steady state voltage, in
volts, across the 6 resistor is………… (round off to two
decimal places). [2022]
59
Network Analysis
60
Network Analysis
Solution
01. Ans: (a)
Solution:
The necessary and sufficient condition for a rational function of s is
The dividing point impedance of an RC network is that all poles and zeros should be simple and lie on negative
axis in the s- plane
02. (a) Ans: ---

Solution:

X (s) =  x (t) e
− st
dt
−
T 2T 4T 5T
X ( s ) =  e−st dt +  −2e−st dt +  2e−st dt +  −2e
− st
dt
0 T 2T 4T
 1 − sT 2 −2sT 
(
− s e − 1 + s e )
− e− sT( ) 
X (s) =  
 − 2 e−4sT − e−2sT + 2 e−5sT − e−4sT
 s
( s
) ( ) 

1 3 −sT 4 −2sT 4 −4sT 2 −5sT

X (s) = − e + e − e + e
s s s s s
(b) Ans: ---

Solution:
When switch is at position 1, induction will get short circuited
10
( )
i 0− =
5
= 2A
When switch is at position 2 equivalent circuit is

L 2
= = = 0.2
R eq. 10
( ) ( )
i 0+ = i 0− = 2A
61
Network Analysis
i (  ) = 0A
t t
( )
i ( t ) = i (  ) − i (  ) − i (0 ) e = 0 − (0 − 2) e
− −
 0.2
i ( t ) = 2e A
−5t
03. Ans: (b)

Solution:
Convert all the parameters in S direction
Apply Voltage divider

 1 
 || R 2 
V2 ( s ) =  sC2   V1 ( s )
 1  1 
 || R 2  R1 || 
 sC2  sC1 
R2
1 + sR 2C2
V2 ( s ) =  V1 ( s )
R2 R1
+
1 + sR 2 C2 1 + sR1C1
R1C1 = R2C2
R2
1 + sR 2C2
V2 ( s ) =  V1 ( s )
R1 + R 2
1 + sR1R 2
R2 R2
V2 ( s ) = V1 ( s ) Or V2 ( t ) = V1 ( t )
R1 + R 2 R1 + R 2
For impulse response
 R2 
V2 ( t ) =    ( t )
 R1 + R 2 
04. Ans: (c)

Solution:
The dividing point function relate the voltage at a port to the current at the same port
Driving point admittance function of each network
1 1 1 1 s
VN1 ( s ) = + + = + +s
2s + 1 1 1 / s 2s + 1 2s + 1
2+
s
62
Network Analysis
2s2 + 2s + 1
VN1 ( s ) =
2s + 1
1 1 s +1
VN2 ( s ) = + =
2s + 1 1 ( 2s + 1 )
2+
s
1 1 s +1 2s2 + 2s + 1
YN3 ( s ) = + = +s =
1+
s 1 2s + 1 ( 2s + 1)
s +1 s
1 2s2 + s + 1
VN4 ( s ) = +s =
1 + 2s ( 2s + 1)
VN1 ( s ) = VN3 ( s )
These two have identical driving point function
05. Ans: ---

Solution:
The equivalent circuit is
C = 0.5 Q
 = Req. C = 3000  0.5Q = 1500Q
t
(
VC ( t ) = V (  ) − V (  ) − V ( 0 ) e )
−
RC
t
−
VC ( t ) = 5 − (5 ) e 1500Q
 −
t

VC ( t ) = 5  1 − e 1500Q  V
 
 
−t
dVC 5
i(t) = C = 0.5Q  e1500Q
dt 1500Q
−t
i ( t ) = 1.67e1500Q mA
06. Ans: (b)

Solution:
Circuit of RC differentiating circuit is
63
Network Analysis
dVi ( t )
V0 ( t ) = R  C
dt
For R = 5 K & C = 4F
V0 ( t ) = 5  103  4  10 −6  100
V0 ( t ) = 2V
07. Ans: (c)

Solution:
Under steady state condition of series RLC circuit,
Inductor = short circuit
Capacitor = open circuit
The equivalent circuit becomes
Hence entire voltage drops across C only
08. Ans: (b)

Solution:
Given RC circuit
At steady state
1
Energy stored in capacitor = CV 2
2 S
Energy supply by the source i.e., QVS = CVS
2
1
CVS 2
Desired ratio = 2 = 0.5
CVS 2
09. Ans: (b)

Solution:
Under steady state,
Inductor= Short circuit
Capacitor = Open circuit
The equivalent network is given by
64
Network Analysis
By voltage dividing rule

40
VC 1 = 100  = 80V
10 + 40
3
VC 2
= 80  = 48V
3+2
2
VC 3
= 80  = 32V
3+2
10. Ans: (a-1, b-2, c-4)

Solution:
( )
Given i 0 = 0 & VC 0 = 0 ( )
(a)
tR
( )
i ( t ) = i (  ) − i (  ) − i (0 ) e
−
L
V V − tLR
i(t) = − e
R R
V tR

i(t) =
−

 1 − e L

R 
Hence (1) current increases monotonically with time
(b)
t
(
VC ( t ) = V (  ) − V (  ) − V ( 0 ) e )
−
RC
 t

VC ( t ) = V  1 − e RC 
−
 
 
dVC  V − RCt 
i=C = C e 
dt  RC 
 
V − RCt
i(t) = e
R
Hence (2), i.e., current decreases monotonically with time
(c)
Although it depends whether the system is over-damped, critically-damped or under damped.
It is if we consider under-damped
Hence (4), current first increases and then deceases
11. Ans: (b)

Solution:
Given VC 0 = 6V ( )
t
(
VC ( t ) = V (  ) − V (  ) − V ( 0 ) e )
−
RC
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Network Analysis
t
VC ( t ) = 10 − (10 − 6 ) e
−
8
t
VC ( t ) = 10 − 4e
−
8
dVC 1 −t 
i(t) = C = 2 e 8 
dt 2 
 
t
i(t) = e 8 A
−
Energy absorbed by 4 resistor in the time interval 0,  is ( )

8  t −
t 
− e 4
E =  i (t)  R dt =  e
2 4
4 = 4 = 16 Joules
1
0 0
− 0
4
12. (a) Ans: (10, 15)

Solution:
For V0 for t  0 , equivalent circuit is
V0 = 10V
For V0 for t →  , equivalent circuit is
25 − V0 V0
+2 = (By KCL)
10 5
3V0
2.5 + 2 =
10
V0 = 15V
(b) Ans: ---

Solution:
In order to find time constant of the circuit, short circuit voltage source and open circuit current source, we get
Find Req across capacitor

50
R eq = 
15
50
 = RC =  2.5  10 −6 = 8.33 s
15
Vc (  ) = V0 (  ) = 15V
66
Network Analysis
−t
(
V0 ( t ) = V (  ) − V (  ) − V ( 0 ) e  )
−t
V0 ( t ) = 15 − (15 − 10 ) e 8.33
t106
V0 ( t ) = 15 − 5e
−
8.33
(c) Ans: 14.751

Solution:
V0 ,t = 25  sec
25
−
V0 = 15 − 5  e 8.33
V0 = 14.751 V
13. Ans: (d)

Solution:
I = eat + ebt
dI
V (t) = L
dt
( )
V ( t ) = 1  aeat + bebt = aeat + bebt
14.
(a) Ans: ---
Solution:
To find Thevenin’s resistance across a & b
Rth = 2 + 2 || 2 = 3
Now Thevenin’s voltage Vth across a b,

2
Vth = 4  = 2V
4
 So equivalent circuit is
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Network Analysis
(b) Ans: ---

Solution:
( )
Given VC 0 = 0
 = 3  2 = 6s
VC (  ) = 2
−t
(
VC = VC (  ) − VC (  ) − VC ( 0 ) e  )
−t
VC = 2 − ( 2 ) e 6
 −t

VC = 2  1 − e 6  V
 
 
(c) Ans: --
Solution:
Now applying Nodal analysis at Node V1
VC − V1 V1 V1 − 4
= +
2 2 2
VC − V1 = V1 + V1 − 4
VC + 4
V1 =
3
 − 
t
2 1 − e 6  + 4
V    1 −t 
i(t) = 1 =   = 1 − e 6  A
2 6  3 
 
15. Ans: ---

Solution:
Since state variables are VC & iL
dVC dVC
iC = C =
dt dt
Apply KCL at Node A
dVC VC 2diL
+ + VC − =0
dt 1 dt
dVC 2diL
dt
−
dt
= −2VC (1 )
Apply KCL at Node B
 2diL   2diL 
 − VC   − E
 dt  +
dt  +i = 0
L
1 1
3diL E
= −iL + VC +
dt 2
diL −iL VC E
dt
=
3
+ +
3 6
(2)
From equation (1) & (2)
68
Network Analysis
dVC 2iL 2VC 2E −4VC 2iL E

= −2VC − + + = − +
dt 3 3 6 3 3 3
 dVC   4 2 1 
  − −  V   
  dt  =  3 3  C +  3  E 
 
 diL   1 1  iL   1   
  −   6 
 dt   3 3
16. Ans: ---

Solution:
()
(a) Output voltage V0 t = 5e−3t V
Taking Laplace transform
5
V.0 ( s ) = (1 )
s+3
5
()
& input Voltage Vi t = 5u t Or Vi s = () () s
 Voltage transfer function
5
V0 ( s ) s 3= s
T (s) = = +
Vi ( s ) 5 ( s + 3)
s
(b) Assume the Network consists a series P-L network because in parallel RL network when inductor short circuits
circuit will be damage
 Ls  5 5L 5
V0 ( s ) =   = =
 R + Ls  s 1 + Ls 1 + s
L
From equation (1)
5 5
=
s+3 1
+s
L
1 1
=3 L = H
L 3
 s 
(c) T.F =  
s + 3
3
V0 ( s ) = 1 − [For impulse response Vi ( t ) =  ( t ) ]
s+3
V0 ( t ) =  ( t ) − 3e−3t
17. Ans: ---

Solution:
Equivalent circuit for t  0
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Network Analysis
(a) Ans: 6
Apply KCL at Node e2
16 10 80 + 40 120
( )
iL 0 + =
4
+
5
=
20
=
20
= 6A
(b) Ans: 8
16
( )
e1 0+ = 16 −
4
 2 = 8V
(c) Ans: ---
( ) ( )
iL 0 + = 6A & e1 0 + = VC 0 + = 8V ( )
For t  0 ; Circuit becomes
Apply KCL at Node A

 1 diL ( t ) 
 VC ( t ) − 16u ( t )  1 dVC ( t )  VC ( t ) − 
 + + 2 dt  = 0
 2  8 dt  2 
 
 
1 dVC ( t ) 1 diL ( t )
+ VC ( t ) − = 8u ( t )
8 dt 4 dt
Taking Laplace transform both side
1 1 8 s  s 8 6
8  ( )
 4  ( )
sVC ( s ) − VC 0 +  + VC ( s ) − sIL ( s ) − iL 0 +  = VC ( s )  + 1 − IL ( s ) = + 1 −
 s  8  4 s 4
s + 8  s 8 1
VC ( s )   − IL ( s ) = − (1 )
 8  4 s 2
Apply KVL in loop (1)
1 diL ( t )
VC ( t ) − 2  i2 ( t ) − =0
2 dt
Taking Laplace transform
1
VC ( s ) − 2IL ( s ) − sI ( s ) − 6  = 0
2 L 
 s
VC ( s ) − IL ( s ) 2 +  + 3 = 0
 2 
 2 
IL ( s ) =  VC ( s ) + 3    (2)
s + 4 
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Network Analysis
 s + 8  s  VC ( s ) + 3  16 − s
VC ( s )  −  2 =
 8  4  s + 4  2s
s + 8 s  16 − s 3s
VC ( s )  − = −
 8 2 ( s + 4 )  2s 2 (s + 4 )
 s2 + 8s + 32   2s2 + 12s + 64 
VC ( s )  = 
 4   s 
8s2 + 48s + 256
VC ( s ) =
( s s2 + 8s + 32 )
8 (s 2
+ 8s + 32 ) 16s
V (s) = −
s (s + 8s + 32 ) s ( s )
C 2 2
+ 8s + 32
8 16
VC ( s ) = −
s ( S + 4 )2 + 4 2
Taking inverse Laplace transform

VC ( t ) = 8u ( t ) − 4e−4t sin ( 4t ) u ( t )
VC ( t ) = 8 − 4e−4t sin ( 4t )  u ( t ) V
18. Ans: (d)

Solution:
For t = 0− sec , equivalent circuit is
( )
IL 0 − = 2.5A = IL 0 + ( )
Since current in inductor remain same
 Vx = 0V
19. Ans: ---

Solution:
(a) Ans: (4, 10m)
For t = 0− , equivalent circuit is
Applying voltage dividing rule
71
Network Analysis
50
( )
VC 0− = VC 0 + = 6  ( ) 75
= 4V
10
( )
IL 0 − = IC 0 + = ( ) 1k
= 10mA
(b) Ans: -700

For t = 0+ equivalent circuit
( )
IL 0 + = 10 mA
IR =
VC 0+( )= 4
= 4mA
R 1k
IC = IR + IL = 14mA
dVC
IC = −C
dt
dVC
( t = 0 ) = − 14  10 −3
+
= −700 V / sec
dt 20  10 −6
(c) Ans: ---

For t  0 ; Equivalent circuit
Apply KCL at Node A

iC = iL + iR
−CdVC ( t ) VC ( t )
= iL ( t ) +
dt R
Differentiate both sides
Cd2 VC ( t ) diL ( t ) 1 dVC ( t )
−
dt 2
=
dt
+
R dt
(1 )
LdiL ( t )
And VC t = () dt
(2)
Cd2 VC ( t ) dVC ( t ) 1 dVC ( t )
− = +
dt 2
L R dt
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Network Analysis
Taking Laplace transform both sides

 dVC 0 +  ( )
−C s2 VC ( s ) − sVC 0 + −

( )
dt 

 
VC ( s ) 1
=
L
+ sVC ( s ) − VC 0 + 
R  ( )
VC ( s ) s 4
−Cs2 VC ( s ) + Cs4 − C700 = + VC ( s ) −
L R R
 1 s 4
VC ( s )  −cs2 − −  = − + 700C − 4Cs
 L R  R
 1 s  −4
VC ( s )  −s2 − − = + 700 − 4s
 LC RC  RC
4
4s + − 700
RC
VC s =() s 1
s2 + +
RC LC
Put C = 20F, L = 4H & R = 1 K
4s + 200 − 700 4 ( s − 125 )
VC ( s ) = 
s + 50s + 12500 ( s + 25 )2 + (109 )2
2
 
s +5 150
VC ( s ) = 4  − 
 s + 25 2 + 109 2 2 
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
 s + 25 + 109 
Taking Inverse Laplace transform both side
150 −25t
VC ( t ) = 4e−25t cos (109t ) − 4  e sin (109t )
90
VC ( t ) = 4e−25t cos (109t ) − 1.38sin (109t )  V
20. Ans: (c)

Solution:
Convert the circuit into S domain
1
Where Vi ( s ) =
s +1
2
1
 i (s) = s2 + 1
1
2 + 2s +
s
i (s) 1
2i ( s ) + 2si ( s ) + =
s s +1
2
Taking inverse Laplace transform

di ( t )
2i ( t ) + 2
dt  ( )
+  i ( t ) dt = sint  Assuming i 0 + = 0 

73
Network Analysis

d2i ( t ) di ( t )
2 +2 + i ( t ) = cost
dt 2
dt
21. Ans: (a)

Solution:
t = 0− , equivalent circuit
( ) ( ) ( )
 i1 0− = iL 0 − = 0 & VC 0 − = V , V'C 0 − = 0 ( )
For t = 0+ , equivalent circuit
Apply KVL
( )
−i1 0 + R − V − i1 0 + R = 0 ( )
V
( )
i1 0 + = −
2R
A
22. Ans: (d)

Solution:
1
For t = 0+ , equivalent circuit in S domain
cs
KVL in loop (1)

1 V
−I1 ( s ) R −  I ( s ) − Ls I1 ( s ) − I2 ( s )  − = 0
Cs 1 s
 1 
I1 ( s ) R + + Ls  − LsI2 ( s ) = 0 (1 )
 Cs 
1
L.s I1 ( s ) − I2 ( s )  − I2 ( s ) R −  I (s ) = 0
Cs 2
 1
I1 ( s ) Ls  + I2 ( s )  −Ls − P −  = 0
 Cs 
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Network Analysis
 1 
I1 ( s )  R + Ls + −Ls  − V 
  Cs = s
I2 ( s )   1  
 −Ls R + Ls +  0 
Cs 
 1 
I1 ( s )  R + Ls + −Ls  − V 
Or,   Cs = s
I2 ( s )   1  
 −Ls R + Ls +  0 
Cs 
23. Ans: (c)

Solution:
(
v ( t ) = 10 5 cos t+10 + 10 5 cos 2t+10  V) ( )
For  = 1
Z = 1 + j1 = 245
For  = 2
Z = 1 + j2 = 5 tan−1 2
By using sinusoidal analysis
V (t)
i(t) =
Z
 10 2 

 2
(
cos t + 10 − 45 ) 

i(t) =  
 + 10 5 cos 2t + 10 − tan−1 2 ( ) 
 5 
( )
i ( t ) = 10cos t − 35 + 10cos 2t + 10 − tan−1 2( )
24. Ans: (c)
Solution:
Converting the given network in Laplace domain we get,
V (s) 1 1 1 1 
i (s) = = =  − 
s+2 s ( s + 2) 2  s s + 2 
Now taking inverse Laplace transform
1
i(t) =
2
( )
1 − e−2t u ( t ) A
75
Network Analysis
25. Ans: (b)

Solution:
Converting the circuit in Laplace domain
By using KVL
1 1 1
− i (s)  1 − i (s)  s + 1 − i (s )  + = 0
s s s
 1 2
i (s) 1 + s +  = 1 +
 s s
( )
i ( s ) s2 + s + 1 = s + 2
s+2
i (s) =
s + s +1
2
26. Ans: (c)

Solution:
Converting it to Laplace domain
1
Y (s) sC 1
= =
U(s) 1 sRC + s2LC + 1
R + Ls +
sC
The characteristics equation is written as
s2LC + RCs + 1
R 1
s2 + s + =0
L LC
Comparing it with standard form
s2 + 2n + n2 = 0
1 R R C
n = and 2n = =  =
LC L 2 L
For no oscillation
 1
R C
1
2 L
L
R2
C
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Network Analysis
27. Ans: ()
Solution:
Assume series RC network
1 R 1 
Z (s) = R + = s + 
sc s  Rc 
Hence first critical frequency in pole & second is zero for a left half of s plane
28. Ans: (b)

Solution:
Since it is first order circuit

t t
( )
− −
VC = VC (  ) − VC (  ) − VC ( 0 ) e 10−4
= 3 − 3e 10−4
At t = 2 ,Vi = 0
+
VC  3
Hence V0 = Vi − VC = 0 − 3 = −3V
29. Ans: (b)

Solution:
Driving point impulse function of RC network has first critical frequency as pole & last critical frequency as zero
1 R 1 
Z (s) = R + = s + 
sc s  RC 
30. Ans: (a)

Solution:
77
Network Analysis
An inductor with initial current i 0 ( ) can be represented as

+
( )
We have L i 0 = 1 mV
2 mH  i ( 0 ) = 1 mV
i ( 0 ) = 0.5A
31. Ans: (c)

Solution:
Converting it in Laplace domain
Vi ( t )  4 4
V0 ( t ) = = 10u ( t )  = 8u ( t ) V
5 5
32. Ans: (a)

Solution:
Since it is a first order current

t
(
v C ( t ) = VC (  ) VC (  ) − VC ( 0 ) e )
−

20
VC (  ) = 10  = 5V, VC ( 0 ) = 0 given
40
 = R eq. C = 10  103  4  10 −6 = 0.04 sec
t
 v C ( t ) = 5 − 5e
−
0.04
dv C ( t )
iC = C = 4  5  25  10 −6 e−25t = 0.5e−25tmA
dt
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Network Analysis
33. Ans: (b)

Solution:
Current through inductor does not change instantly
( ) ( )
i 0+ = i 0− = 0
Hence, V = ISRS
Now applying KVL for t = 0+

( )
Ldi 0+
( )
V = i 0+ R +
dt
ISR S =
( )
Ldi 0 +
dt
( )=IR
Ldi 0 +
S S
dt L
34. Ans: (a)

Solution:
To find Thevenin’s equivalent impedance short circuit voltage sources and find equivalent impedance across P
and Q in Laplace domain
(1 + s )  1s + 1 
1
+1+1+ s
Z th =  = s
1 1
1+1+ s+ 1+1+ s+
s s
Zth = 1
35. Ans: (d)

Solution:
1 1 1
= + sC +
Z ( s ) Ls R
1 R + s2RLC + Ls
=
Z (s) LRs
LRs
Z (s) =
LRCs + Ls + R
2
Comparing it with
0.2s
Z (s) =
s2 + 0.1s + 2
L = 0.1 ,R = 2, c = 5F
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Network Analysis
36. Ans: (c)

Solution:
For 0  t  T
( )
VC 0 + = 0
CdVC ( t )
i=
dt
t
1
C 0 C
VC = I dt
t
VC ( t ) =  1dt = t
0
at t = T ;VC ( t ) = T
For T  t  2T
dVC ( t )
IC = −C
dt
t
1
VC ( t ) = V T + − ( ) C T C
I dt
VC ( t ) = 2T − t
t = 2T, ; VC ( 2T ) = 0
For 2T  t  3T
CdVC ( t )
IC =
dt
t
VC ( t ) =
 I dt = t − 2T
C
2T
At t = 3T ; V ( 3T ) = T C
Hence the wave form for VC t ()
t u ( t ) − u ( t − T )  
 
VC ( t ) =  
 + ( 2T − t ) u ( t − T ) − u ( t − 2T )  + 
   
tu ( t ) − tu ( t − T ) + 2Tu ( t − T ) 
VC ( t ) =  
 − tu ( t − T ) − 2Tu ( t − 2T ) + 
tu ( t ) − 2tu ( t − T ) 
VC ( t ) =  
 +2Tu ( t − T ) − 2Tu ( t − T ) 
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Network Analysis

VC ( t ) = tu ( t ) + 2 ( −1 ) ( t − nT ) u ( t − nT )
n
n=1
37. Ans: (d)

Solution:
1
1
s 1
VC ( s ) = =
1 s2 + s + 1
1+s+
s
3
1
2 2
VC ( s ) =  2
3  2
1  3
 s +  +  
 2   2 
Taking inverse Laplace Transform
2 1  3t 
VC ( t ) =
− t
e 2
sin  
3  2 
 
38. Ans: (b)

Solution:
1 s
i (s) = =
1 s2 + s + 1
s +1 +
s
1 1
s+
−
VR ( s ) = 2 2
2 2
 1  3
 s +  +  
 2   2 
1 3
s+
2 1 2 2
VR ( s ) = −  
2 2
2 3  2 2
 1  3 1  3
 s +  +    s +  +  
 2   2   2   2 
1   3t  1  3t  
VR ( t ) = e
− t
2
cos  − sin  
 2  3  2 
    
81
Network Analysis
39. Ans: (c)

Solution:
1 RL
V0 ( s ) RL ||
sC = sCRL + 1
=
Vi ( s ) 1 RL
RL || + R +R
sc 1 + sCRL
RL
=
RL + R + sCRRL
V0 ( s ) 1
=
Vi ( s ) R
1+ + sCR
RL
R
On comparing 1 + =2
RL
RL = R
40. Ans: (b)

Solution:
For time= 0 − , equivalent circuit is
For time= 0 + , equivalent circuit is
( )
V 0 + = 100 & V (  ) = 0
For first order system
t
(
vC ( t ) = V (  ) − V (  ) − V (0 ) e )
−

t
−
v C ( t ) = 0 − ( 0 − 100 ) e 0.810−3
= 100e−1250t
dv C ( t )
i = −C = 0.16  10−6  100  1250e−1250t
dt
82
Network Analysis
i = 20e−1250tu ( t ) mA
41. Ans: (a)

Solution:
di  Rt

+ iR = V0  1 + Be L sint  u ( t )
−
L
dt  
Taking Laplace transform both sides
V0 1
( )
L I ( s)  s − i (0 ) + I (s )R =
s
+ V0B  2
 R
s +  + 1
 L
L  V0 V0 V0B
I ( s )(L  s + R ) − = +
R s  R
2
s +  + 1
 L
 
 
L V0 V0B  1
I ( s ) =  V0 + + 
 ( + R)
R s  R 2 Ls
 s + + 1
   
  L 
V V0B 1
I (s) = 0 + 
Rs   R  2
 (Ls + R )
s +  + 1
 L 
 
()
The steady state value of i t = limsI s
s →0
()
V0
i(t) =
R
42. Ans: (a)

Solution:
1.5
i (0) = = 0.75A
2
For t = 0+ , equivalent circuit is
1.5
i() = = 0.5A
3
83
Network Analysis
Req. = 10 || 10 + 10 = 15
L 15m
= = = 1ms
R 15
For first order circuit
t
(
iL ( t ) = iL (  ) − iL (  ) − iL ( 0 ) e )
−

t
−
iL ( t ) = 0.5 − ( 0.5 − 0.75 ) e 10−3
(
iL ( t ) = 0.5 + 0.25e−1000t A )
diL
V ( t ) = iL ( t )  10 + 15  10 −3 
dt
V ( t ) = 5 + 2.5e −1000t
− 15  10  0.25  1000 e −1000t
−3
V ( t ) = 5 − 1.25e−1000t
V
i(t) = = 0.5 − 0.125 e−1000t A
10
43. Ans: (a)

Solution:
Q 2.5  10 −3 2.5  103 2500
VC ( 0 ) = = = = = 50V
C 50  10 −6 50 50
VC (  ) = −100
 − 
t
v C ( t ) = VC (  ) −  VC (  ) − VC ( 0 ) e  
 
 
t106
v C ( t ) = −100 − ( −100 − 50 ) e
−
500
v C ( t ) = −100 + 150e−2000t
dv C ( t )
i ( t ) = −C = 50  10 −6  150  2000e−2000t
dt
i ( t ) = 15e−2000t A
44. Ans: (d)

Solution:
Converting it into Laplace domain
84
Network Analysis
10 4
Z1 =  and Z 2 = 10 4 
s
10 4 1
V2 ( s ) 10 4 +
s
1+
s = s +1
= =
V1 ( s ) 10 4
2 s+2
2 + 10 4 +1
s s
45. Ans: 10
Solution:
V0
s V0
i (s) = =
1 4Cs2 + 40Cs + 1
40 + 4s +
sC
1
Characteristic equation = s2 + 10s +
4C
For critically damped response,  = 1
1
n =
4C
And 2  n = 10
1
21 = 10
2 C
C = 0.01 = 10mF
46. Ans: 1.25

Solution:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
VC 0 − = VC 0 + = 5V and I 0 − = I 0 + = 1mA
For t = 0 , equivalent circuit is
+
85
Network Analysis
( )=
VC 0+ 5
( )
i 0+ =
4  103 4  103
= 1.25 mA
47. Ans: (a)

Solution:
Since capacitor is initially uncharged VC 0 ( ) = V (0 ) = 0
+
C
−
5  2 10
V () = = V
3 3
2
R eq. = 1k || 2k = k
3
2
 = msec
3
 − 
t
v C ( t ) = VC (  ) −  VC (  ) − VC ( 0 ) e  
 
 
10  10  −t
vC (t ) = −  − 0e 
3  3 
10  − 
t
VC ( t ) =  1 − e  
3  
5 − 
t
I (t) = 1 − e  
3  

48. Ans: (a)

Solution:
A series RC – circuit
86
Network Analysis
 − 
t
v C ( t ) = VC (  ) −  VC (  ) − VC ( 0 ) e  
 
 
t
v C ( t ) = VS − VS e
−
RC
dVC VS t
I (t) = C
−
=C e RC
dt RC
VS t
i(t) =
−
e RC
R
Hence, option (a) is correct
49. Ans: (b)

Solution:
Given cascaded systems converted it into Laplace domain
1
V1 ( s ) − I1 ( s )  − R I1 ( s ) − I2 ( s )  = 0
Cs
 1
V1 ( s ) = I1 ( s ) R +  − I2 ( s ) R (1 )
 Cs 
 1
I1 ( s ) − I2 ( s )  R − I2 ( s ) R +  = 0
  Cs
 
 1 
I1 ( s ) R = I2 ( s ) 2R +  (2)
 Cs 
From (1) & (2)
 1  1
V1 ( s ) = I2 ( s ) 2 +  R +  − I2 ( s ) R
 RCs   Cs 
 1  1  
V1 ( s ) =  2 +  1 +  − 1 I2 ( s ) R
  RCs   RCs  
V3 ( s ) = I2 ( s ) R
  1  1  
 V1 ( s ) =  2 +  1 +  − 1  V3 ( s )
  RCs   RCs  
Put the value of R = 10 K & C = 100F
  1   1  
V1 ( s ) =  2 +  1 +  − 1 V3 ( s )
  s   s  
 2 1 1 
V1 ( s ) = 2 + + + 2 − 1 V3 ( s )
 s s s 
 3 1
V1 ( s ) = 1 + + 2  V3 ( s )
 s s 
V3 ( s ) s2
=
V1 ( s ) s2 + 3s + 1
87
Network Analysis
50. Ans: 31.25

Solution:
Applying KCL at node V for t>0

V − 2ix
10 = ix + and V = 5ix
5
3ix
10 = ix +
5
50
ix = A
8
250
V0 ( t ) = 5ix = = 31.25V
8
51. Ans: (c)

Solution:
For t=0+, equivalent circuit is
( ) ( )
VC 0+ = VC 0 − = 0V and VC (  ) = 3V
For a first order circuit
t
(
v C ( t ) = VC (  ) − VC (  ) − VC ( 0 ) e )
−

t
−
v C ( t ) = 3 − 3e 1210−6
dv C ( t ) 3 −
t
i=C =  0.1  10 −6
e 1210−6
dt 12  10 −6
t
−
i = 0.025e 1210−6
  t
−
E =  Vidt =  3  0.025  e 1210−6
dt
0 0
t
− 
E = −0.075  12  10 −6  e 1210−6
= 0.9 J
0
52. Ans: (c)
Solution:
For series RLC circuit
Characteristic equation
1
R + Ls +
sC
R 1
s2 + s +
L LC
Comparing it with
s2 + 2ns + n2
88
Network Analysis
1
n =
LC
1 R
And 2  =
LC L
R C
Damping ratio  =
2 L
53. Ans: 2.528

Solution:
For t=0+, equivalent circuit is
10  2
VC (  ) = = 4V [By voltage dividing rule]
5
3 2 5
 = R eq  C =  =1
5 6
t t
(
v C ( t ) = VC (  ) − VC (  ) − VC ( 0 ) e )
− −
RC
= 4 − 4e 1
at t = 1 sec
 1
v C (1 ) = 4  1 −  = 2.528V
 e
54. Ans: (b)

Solution:
Circuit of given LC tank circuit
1 1
= + jC
Z R + jL
1 R − jL
Y= = + j C
Z R 2 + (L)2
 
R L
Y= + j  C − 
R 2 + (L)  2 
( )
2
 R 2
+ L
To find resonance frequency,
Putting img (Y) = 0
L
C =
R + ( L )
2 2
89
Network Analysis
L
R 2 + ( L ) =
2
C
1 L
= − R2
L C
1 CR 2
f= 1−
2 LC L
55. Ans: 1.5

Solution:
Initially energy of the circuit
1 1 1 1
C1 V12 + C1 V22 =  3  (1 ) +  1  (3 ) = 6J
2 2
E=
2 2 2 2
Total charge will be same in the circuit
Q1 + Q2 = Q
C1 V1 = C2 V2 = ( C1 + C2 ) V
3  1 + 1  3 = (3 + 1 ) V
6
V= = 1.5V
4
Energy store in the capacitor
1 1
( C1 + C2 ) V 2 = ( 3 + 1 )(1.5 ) J = 4.5J
2
E=
2 2
Energy dissipated = 6 − 4.5 = 1.5J
56. Ans: (d)

Solution:
2
( ) ( )
VC 0− = VC 0 + = 10 
5
= 4V
For t =  , Equivalent circuit is
VC (  ) = 10V
 = 6  0.1 = 0.6
t t
( )
VC ( t ) = VC (  ) − VC (  ) − VC ( 0 ) e
− −

= 10 − 6e 0.6
90
Network Analysis
57. Ans: 1 or -1
Solution:
Note:- Current direction is not given in the question
Assume the direction of the current given in the figure below
2
V3F = 12  = 4V
4+2
3
V2F = 12  = 6V
3+3
4
( )
i 0+ = −
4
= −1A
If we assume opposite direction of current then
4
( )
i 0+ =
4
= 1A
58. Ans: 0.3405

Solution:
Input voltage = 15u t ()
12 2
Leq = = H
1+2 3
 −t 
()
Source current i t = V  1 − e
R 



L eq
= = 2 sec
R 3
i ( t ) = 15  1 − e 2 
−3 t
 
91
Network Analysis
1 i(t)
()
Current, I = i t 
1+2
=
3
I = 5  1 − e 2 
−3 t
 
If I = 2A
2 = 5  1 − e 2 
−3 t
 
−1.5t = −0.5108
t = 0.3405sec
59. Ans: 8.1606

Solution:
When switch is open for a long time, the circuit was enters steady state & inductor is shorted
5
( )
IL 0 − = 10 
10
= 5A
When switch is closed the entire source current flows through short circuit as well as inductor discharging current
flows through short circuit.
i ( t ) = 10 − iL = 10 − lL ( 0 ) e − t/  = 10 − 5e − t/ 
L 2.5
= = = 0.5
R 5
i ( t ) = 10 − 5e−2t
at t = 0.5 sec
i ( t ) = 10 − 5e−1 = 8.1606 A
60. Ans: (0.316)

Solution:
R eq = 2 , L = 1H
1
Time constant,  = sec
2
92
Network Analysis
V − 
t
1
i(t) = (
 1 − e   = 1 − 2e
−2t
)
R  2
At t = 0.5sec
1
i(t) =
2
( )
1 − e−1 = 0.316A
61. Ans: 0.23 to 0.27

Solution:
1
C
By KVL, VS = iR + idt
For t  0
 t 1
1 = iR 0  1 −  +  idt
 T C
di  t  iR i
0= R 1 −  − 0 +
dt 0  T T C
di  t  1
 1 −  = i  −1 +   T = 3R 0 C = 3
dt  T  3
 2
dt  − 
di 3
= 
i t
1−
T
t
Let 1 − =u
T
dt
− = du
T
dt = −Tdu
2
−3du  −
di 3 = 2 du
=
i u u
Integrate both sides
lni = 2lnu + C
 t
lni = 2ln  1 −  + C
 T
given i ( 0 ) = 1
0 = 2ln1 + C
C=0
 t
lni ( t ) = 2ln  1 − 
 T 
T
At t =
2
93
Network Analysis
T 1
lni   = 2ln = −2ln2
2 2
T 1
lni   = ln
2
  4
T 1
i   = A = 0.25A
2 4
62. Ans: 54.99%

Solution:
If initial charge polarities on the capacitor is opposite to the supply voltage then only the capacitor voltage
crosses the zero line.
Vc(t) ⇒ Final value + (Initial value - Final value) e

− t/ 
0 = 10 + ( −V0 − 10 ) e−04
10 = ( V0 + 10 ) e−0.4
V0 = 4.918 V
Now, t = 0.2
(
0 = 10 + −V0 − 10 e−0.2 )
V0 = 2214
% change in voltage
4.918 − 2.214
=  100% = 54.99%
4.918
63. Ans: 8+2e-10t A

Solution:
At t = 0-
10
( )
iL 0− =
1
= 10 A
For t > 0
94
Network Analysis
At t = 
40
i( ) = = 8A
5
Req = 5
L 0.5
= = = 0.1sec
R eq 5
i(t) = 8 + [10 − 8]e−t/0.1

= 8 + 2e−10t A
64. Ans: 12.46 F

Solution:
95
Network Analysis
For 1st half cycle, V0 = 5 – VC

For 2nd half cycle, V0 = -Vc
Vp-p = (5 – Vc min) – (-Vc max)
6.2 = 5 + Vc max – Vc min
Vc max – Vc min = 1.2 ………..()
T
0t
For first half cycle i.e. 2
( ) ( )
v c 0 + = v c (0) = v c 0 − = v c min
vc () = 5V
 ( )
 Vc (t) = Vc ( ) +  Vc 0 + − Vo ( ) e − t / 

Vc (t) = 5 +  Vcmin − 5∣ e− t /2  = Vcmax
 Vcmax = 5 1 − − T /2   + Vcmine− T /2 

………(i)
T
For tT
2
T
v c (t) = v c   e− t(t − T /2) 
2
 Vc (t) = Vc max e−(t − T/2)
at t = T, Vc = Vcmin
 Vcmin = Vcma x e− T /2 
………(ii)
As Vcmax − Vcmin = 1.2 [ From ()]
 Vcmax − Vcmax e− T/2t = 1.2
96
Network Analysis
1.2
Vcmax =
1 − e− T /2  ……….(iii)
1.2
 Vcmax =
1 − e− T /2 
= 5 1 − e− T /2   + Vcmine−2 
From (ii),
( )
Vcmax = 5 1 − e− T /2   + Vcmax e− T /2  e− T /2t
Vcmax = 5 1 − e− T /2   + Vcmax e− T / 
 Vcmax 1 − e− T /   = 5 1 − e− T /2  
5 1 − e− T /2  
Vcmax =
1 + e− T /2   1 − e− T /2  
  
Using equation (iii),
1.2 5
=
1− e − T /2 
1 + e− T /2 
 1.2 + 1.2e− T/2 = 5 − 5e− T/2
 6.2e−1/2 = 3.8
3.8
e− T /2  = = 0.6129
6.2
T
= 0.4895
2
1 1
T= = sec
As f 100
And  = RC = 820C
1
 = 0.4895
(100)(2)(820)C
 C = 12.46F
65. Ans: 12.46 F

Solution:
In steady state capactiro acts as an open circuit for DC supply.
97
Network Analysis
The voltage across 6  is

2
V0 = 10  = 5V
2+2
66. Ans. (8)

Solution:
Since the switch was closed for a long time before t = 0 circuit is in steady state at t = 0-
 L is short circuited & C is open circuited
( )
i L 0− = 10 
R3
R 2 + R3
= 10 
3
2+3
= 6A
( )
vc 0 = i L R1 = 6  2 = 12 V
At t = 0+ S is opened & inductor is replaced by a current source & capacitor is replaced by a voltage source.
By KCL, current in capacitor branch = 4A
By KVL, 6R1 + VL = 4R2 + 12

VL = 4 × 2 – 6 × 2 + 12 = 8 volt
67. Ans. (1.57)

Solution:
Before t = t1 Kcs open & k is closed & circuit reaches steady state
98
Network Analysis
The current of 5V dc source keeps circulating in a loop & does not affect capacitor.
1 1
Xc = = = 10
c 1000 10−4
 − j100  10
Vc = 10[10 || − j10] = 10  =  − 45
 10 − j10  2
vc =
10
2
(
sin 1000t − 45 )
vc =
10
2
(
sin 1000t1 − 45 )
at t = t1,
after t = t1 k closed so ac current source is shorted & k is open so a series RC circuit with 5V dc source is
formed.
10
Initial capacitor voltage = sin(1000t − 45)
2
Steady state capacitor voltage = 5V
 = RC = 1000 s = 1ms
 10 
vc = 5 +  sin (1000t1 − 45 ) − 5 e− t/ 
 2 
Second term represents transient
For transient-free response
10
sin (1000t1 − 45 ) = 5
2
sin (1000t1 −  / 4 ) = 1/ 2
1000t1 −  / 4 =  / 4
t1 =  / 2000 =  / 2 ms = 1.57 ms
99
Network Analysis
100
Network Analysis
Chapter 4 – Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis

01. In a series RLC high Q circuit, the current peaks at a 05. A series RLC circuit consisting of R = 10  ,
frequency [1991] XL = 20  and X C = 20  , is connected across an
(a) Equal to the resonant frequency
a.c. supply of 200 V rms. The rms voltage across the
(b) Greater than the resonant frequency
capacitor is [1994]
(c) Less than the resonant frequency
(d) None of the above (a) 200  − 90 V (b) 200  + 90 V

(c) 400  − 90 V (d) 400  − 90 V
02. For the series R-L-C circuit of figure, the partial
phasor diagram at a certain frequency is shown in 06. A generator of internal impedance, ZG , deliver
figure, The operating frequency of the circuit is:
maximum power to a load impedance, Z I , only if Z I .
[1992]
= ________. [1994]
5
()
07. Z s =
s2 + 4
represents the input impedance of
a network. [1994]
08. The response of an LCR circuit to a step input is If

the transfer function has [1994]
(a) Equal to the resonance frequency (A) Over damped
(b) Less than the resonance frequency
(B) Critically damped
(c) Greater than resonance frequency
(C) Oscillatory
(d) Not zero
03. In the series circuit shown in figure for series (1) Poles on the negative real axis
resonance, the value of the coupling coefficient K will (2) Poles on the imaginary axis
be [1993] (3) Multiple poles on the positive real axis
(4) Poles on the positive real axis
(5) Multiple poles on the negative real axis
09. The current, i(t), through a 10  resistor in series

with an inductance, is given by
(a) 0.25 (b) 0.5 ( ) (
i ( t ) = 3 + 4 sin 100t+45 + 4sin 300 t+60  A )
(c) 0.999 (d) 1.0
The RMS value of the current and the power dissipated
in the circuit are: [1995]
04. In figure, A 1 , A 2 and A 3 are ideal ammeters? If
(a) 41 A, 410 W, respectively
A 1 reads 5A, A 2 reads 12A, then A 3 should be read. (b) 35 A, 350 W, respectively
[1993] (c) 5 A, 250 W, respectively
(d) 11 A, 1210 W, respectively
10. A series R-L-C circuit has a Q of 100 and an

impedance of (100 + j0 )  at its resonant angular
frequency of 107 radiation/sec. The values of R and L

are:
R = ___________ ohms, L = _________
ohms.
(a) 7 A (b) 12 A [1995]
(c) 13 A (d) 17 A
101
Network Analysis
11. In the given figure, A 1 , A 2 and A 3 are ideal 14.
ammeters. If A 2 and A 3 read 3 A and 4 A

respectively, then A 1 should be read [1996]
For the circuit shown in the figure is choose state

()
variables X1 ,X2 ,X3 , to be iL1 t , Vc2 t , iL3 t() ()
(a) Write the state equations [1997]
(a) 1 A (b) 5 A
 • 
(c) 7 A (d) None of these  X1   X1 
 •   
12. In the circuit of the figure is the equivalent  X 2  = A  X 2  + B e ( t ) 
impedance seen across terminals a, b is [1997]
 •  X 
X   3
 3
(b) If e ( t ) = 0,t  0 , iL1 ( 0 ) = 0 , VC2 ( 0 ) = 0 ,
iL3 ( 0 ) = 1A , then what would the total energy
dissipated in the resistors in the interval 0,  be? ( )
15. The parallel RLC circuit shown in Figure is in
resonance. In this circuit
[1998]
 16  8
(a)   (b)  
 3  3
8 
(c)  + 12 j   (d) None of the above (a) IR  1mA (b) IR + IL  1mA
3 
(c) IR + IC  1mA (d) IR + IC  1mA
13.
16. Determine the frequency of resonance and the
resonant impedance of the parallel circuit shown in
figure. What happens when L = CR2 ? [1998]
In the circuit of the figure is all currents and voltages

are sinusoids of frequency  rad/sec. 17. A voltage source of internal impedance Rs + jXs
(a) Find the impedance to the right of (A, B) at supplies power to a load of impedance RL + jXL in
 = 0 rad/sec and  =  rad/sec . which only R L is variable. Determine the value of R L
(b) If  = o rad/sec (resonance frequency) and
for maximum power transfer from the source to the
i l ( t ) = I sin ( 0 t ) A , where I is positive 0  0 , load. Also, find the numerical value of R L if the source
0   then find I, 0 and i2 ( t ) [1997] impedance is 3.0 (purely resistive) and X 1 is 4.0 .
[1998]
102
Network Analysis
18. The Thevenin’s equivalent voltage VTH appearing 22. In Figure, the steady state output voltage
corresponding to the input voltage 3 + 4 sin 100t V
between the terminals A and B of the network shown
in Figure is given by [1999] is [2000]
4  
(a) 3 + sin  100t −  V
(
(a) j16 3 − j4 ) (
(b) j16 3 + j4 ) 2  4
(
(c) 16 3 + j4 ) (d) 16 ( 3 − j4 )  
(b) 3 + 4 2 sin  100t −  V
 4
19. For the network shown in Figure, evaluate the 3 4  
current I flowing through the 2 resistor using (c) + sin  100t +  V
2 2  4
superposition theorem. [1999]
 
(d) 3 + 4 sin  100t +  V
 4
23. For the circuit in Figure, which is in steady state
20. A coil with a quality factor (Q) of 10 is put in series

with capacitor C1 of 10 F , and the combination is
found to draw maximum current when a sinusoidal
voltage of frequency 50 Hz is applied. A second
(a) Find the frequency o at which the magnitude of
capacitor C 2 is now in parallel with the circuit. What
the impedance across terminals a and b reaches a
should be the capacitance of C 2 for combined circuit maximum.
(b) Find the impedance across a, b at the frequency
to act purely as a resistance for a sinusoidal excitation
o
at a frequency of 100Hz? Calculate the RMS current
drawn by the combined circuit at 100 Hz if the applied () ( ) () ()
(c) If v i t = V sin ot , find iL t , iC t & iR t ()
voltage is 100 V(RMS). [1999] [2000]
21. The circuit of Figure represents a [2000] 24. In figure shown below, the value of the load
resistor R which maximizes the power delivered to it is
[2001]
(a) 14.14Ω
(b) 10Ω
(c) 200Ω
(d) 28.28Ω
(a) Low pass filter (b) High pass filter
(c) Band pass filter (d) Band reject filter
103
Network Analysis
25. When the angular frequency  in figure is varied 27. A source of angular frequency 1rad/sec has a
from 0 to  , the locus of the current phasor I 2 is given source impedance consisting of 1Ω resistance in series
with 1 H inductance. The load that will obtain the
by [2001]
maximum power transfer is [2003]
(a) 1 Ω resistance
(b) 1 Ω resistance in parallel with 1 H inductance
(c) 1 Ω resistance in series with 1 F capacitor
(d) 1 Ω resistance in parallel with 1 F capacitor
28. A series RLC circuit has a response frequency of 1

KHz and a quality factor Q = 100. If each R, L and C is
doubled from its original value, the new Q of the
(a)
circuit is [2003]
(a) 25 (b) 50
(c) 100 (d) 200
29. The driving point impedance Z(s) of a network has

the pole-zero locations as shown in figure. If Z(0) = 3,
then Z(s) is [2003]
(b)
(c)
3 ( s + 3) 2 ( s + 3)
(a) (b)
s2 + 2s + 2 s2 + 2s + 2
3 ( s − 3) 2 ( s − 3)
(c) (d)
s2 − 2s − 2 s2 − 2s − 3
1 1
30. The circuit shown in figure, with R =  , L = H,
3 4
(d)
()
C = 3F has input voltage v t = sin2t . The resulting
current i(t) is [2004]
26. For the circuit shown in Figure, determine the

phasors E2, E0, I and I1. [2001]
(a) 5sin (2t + 53.1º) (b) 5sin (2t - 53.1º)

(c) 25sin (2t + 53.1º) (d) 25sin (2t - 53.1º)
104
Network Analysis
31. For the circuit shown in Figure, the time constant 10 3 10 3

(a) 90 Amps (b)  − 90 Amps
RC=1ms. The input voltage is v i t =() 2 sin103 t . The 2 2
output voltage v0 (t) is equal to [2004] (c) 560 Amps (d) 5 − 60 Amps
36. A negative resistance Rneg is connected to a

passive network N having driving point impedance
Z1 ( s ) as shown below. For Z 2 ( s ) to be positive real,
[2006]
( 3
(a) sin 10 t − 45 )

( 3
(b) sin 10 t + 45 ) 
(c) sin (10 t − 53 ) (d) sin (10 t + 53 )

3  3 
V0 ( s )
32. The transfer function H s =() of an R-L-C ( )
(a) | Rneg | Re Z1 j , 
Vi ( s )
106
( )
(b) | R neg | Z1 j , 
circuit is given by H ( s ) = 2 . The Quality
s + 20s + 106 ( ) ( )
(c) | Rneg | ImZ1 j ,  (d) | R neg | Z1 j , 
factor (Q-factor) of this circuit is [2004]
(a) 25 (b) 50 37. An independent voltage source in series with an
(c) 100 (d) 5000 impedance Z2 = Rs +jXs delivers a maximum average
power to a load impedance ZL when [2007]
33. Consider the following statements S1 and S2 (a) ZL = Rs + jXs (b) ZL = Rs
S1: At the resonant frequency the impedance of a (c) ZL =jXs (d) ZL = Rs— jXs
series R-L-C circuit is zero.
S2: In a parallel G-L-C circuit, increasing the 38. The RC circuit shown in the figure is [2007]
conductance G results in increase in its Q factor.
Which one of the following is correct? [2004]
(a) S1 is FALSE and S2 is TRUE
(b) both S1 and S2 are TRUE
(c) S1 is TRUE and S2 is FALSE
(d) both S1 and S2 are FALSE
34. In a series RLC circuit R = 2k , L = 1H and

1
C= F . The resonant frequency is [2005] (a) A low-pass filter (b) A high-pass filter
400
1 (c) A band-pass filter (d) A band-reject filter
4
(a) 2  104 Hz (b)  10 Hz

39. Two series resonant filters are as shown in the
(c) 104 Hz (d) 2 104 Hz
figure. Let the 3-dB bandwidth of Filter 1 be B1 and
B1
35. For the circuit in figure the instantaneous current that of Filter 2 be B2The value of is [2007]
B2
i1 ( t ) is [2005]
105
Network Analysis
43. The current I in the circuit shown is [2010]
(a) 4 (b) 1
1 1
(c) (d)
2 4
(a) –j1A (b) J1A
(c) 0A (d) 20A
40. In the AC network shown in the figure, the phasor
voltage VAB (in Volts) is [2007]
44. The circuit shown below is driven by a sinusoidal
( )
input v i = VP cos t / RC . The steady state output v o
is [2011]
(a) 0 (b) 5300

(c) 12.5300 (d) 17300 ( ) (
(a) VP / 3 cos t / RC ) ( ) (
(b) VP / 3 sin t / RC )
(c) ( VP / 2 ) co s ( t / RC ) (d) ( VP / 2 ) sin ( t / RC )
41. An AC source of RMS voltage 20 V with internal
( )
impedance Z s = 1 + 2 j  feeds a load of impedance
45. In the circuit shown below, the current I is equal to
( )
ZL = 7 + 4 j  in the figure below. The reactive power [2011]
consumed by the load is [2009]
(a) 8 VAR (b) 16 VAR

(c) 28 VAR (d) 32 VAR
(a) 1.40 A (b) 2.00 A
42. For parallel RLC circuit, which one of the following (c) 2.80 A (d) 3.20 A
statements is NOT correct? [2010]
(a) The bandwidth of the circuit decreases if R is 46. The average power delivered to an impedance
increased (4 − j3) by a current 5cos(100t + 100)A is
(b) The bandwidth of the circuit remains same if L is [2012]
increased (a) 442 W. (b) 50 W
(c) At resonance, input impedance is a real quantity (c) 62.5 W (d) 125 W
(d) At resonance, the magnitude of input impedance
attains its minimum value.
106
Network Analysis
47. In the circuit shown below, the current through the (a) Z2 = Z1 (b) Z2 = −Z1
inductor is [2012]
(c) Z 2 = Z1 (d) Z2 = −Z1
* *
51. A 230 V RMS source supplies power to two loads

connected in parallel. The first load draws 10 kW at 0.8
leading power factor and the second one draws 10kVA
at 0.8 lagging power factor. The complex power
delivered by the source is [2014-01]
(a) (18 + j1.5) kVA (b) (18 − j1.5) kVA
(c) (20 + j1.5) kVA (d) (20 − j1.5) kVA
52. A series LCR circuit is operated at a frequency

different from its resonant frequency. The operating
frequency is such that the current leads the supply
voltage. The magnitude of current is half the value at
2 −1 resonance. If the values of L, C and R are 1 H, 1 F and 1
(a) A (b) A
1+ j 1+ j Ω, respectively, the operating angular frequency (in
1 rad/s) is ________. [2014-02]
(c) A (d) 0A
1+ j
53. In the circuit shown in the figure, the value of node
voltage V2 is [2014-03]
()
48. A source Vs t = V cos100t has an internal
( )
impedance of 4 + j3  . If a purely resistive load
connected to this source has to extract the maximum
power out of the source, its value in  should be
[2013]
(a) 3 (b) 4
(c) 5 (d) 7
49. In the circuit shown below, if the source voltage

Vs = 10053.13 V then the Thevenin’s equivalent
voltage in Volts as seen by the load resistance R L is (a) 22 + j 2 V (b) 2 + j 22 V
[2013] (c) 22 – j 2 V (d) 2 – j 22 V
54. In the circuit shown in the figure, the angular

frequency ω (in rad/s), at which the Norton equivalent
impedance as seen from terminals b-b′ is purely
resistive, is _________. [2014-03]
(a) 10090 (b) 8000

(c) 80090 (d) 10060
50. The maximum power transfer between two

cascaded sections of an electrical network, the
relationship between the output impedance Z 1 of the
first section to the input impedance Z 2 of the second
section is [2014-01]
107
Network Analysis
55. The steady state output of the circuit shown in the 59. In the circuit shown, the average value of the
( ) (
figure is given by y(t) = A  sin t +   ( ) ) . If the voltage Vab (in Volts) in steady state condition is____.
[2015-02]
( )
amplitude A  = 0.25 , then the frequency ω is
[2014-04]
60. At very high frequencies, the peak output voltage

1 2 V0 (in Volts) is ________. [2015-03]
(a) (b)
3RC 3RC
1 2
(c) (d)
RC RC
56. In the circuit shown, at resonance, the amplitude of

the sinusoidal voltage (in Volts) across the capacitor is
________. [2015-01]
61. In the circuit shown, the current I flowing through

the 50 Ω resistor will be zero if the value of capacitor C
(in μF) is ______. [2015-03]
57. In the given circuit, the maximum power (in Watts)

that can be transferred to the load RL is _______.
[2015-01]
62. The figure shows an RLC circuit with a sinusoidal

current source.
58. The voltage ( VC ) across the capacitor (in Volts) in

the network shown is ____. [2015-02]
At resonance, the ratio IL / IR , i.e., the ratio of the

magnitudes of the inductor current phasor and the
resistor current phasor, is ________. [2016-01]
108
Network Analysis
63. In the RLC circuit shown, the input voltage is given 66. In the circuit shown, V is a sinusoidal voltage
by v i ( t ) = 2cos ( 200t )+4sin (500t ) . The output source. The current I is in phase with voltage V. The
voltage V₀(t) is [2016-03] amplitude of voltage across the capacitor

ratio
amplitude of voltage acrossthe resistor
is ______________. [2017-02]
67. For the circuit given in the figure, the voltage VC

( )
(a) cos 200t +2sin 500t ( ) (in volts) across the capacitor is [2018]
( )
(b) 2cos 200t +4sin 500t( )
(c) sin ( 200t ) + 2cos (500t )
(d) 2sin ( 200t ) + 4cos (500t )
64. In the circuit shown, the positive angular frequency

 (in radians per second) at which the magnitude of
the phase difference between the voltages V1 and V2
equals

radians, is _____________. [2017-01]
(
(a) 1.25 2 sin 5t − 0.25 )
4
(b) 1.25 2 sin (5t − 0.125 )
(c) 2.5 2 sin (5t − 0.25 )
(d) 2.5 2 sin (5t − 0.125 )
() ( )
68. In the circuit shown, if v t = 2sin 1000t Volts,
R=1kΩ and C=1µF, then the steady state current i(t), in
milliamperes (mA) is [2019]
Angle of Z 2 must be 450 for which real & imaginary
part must be equal or  = 1
65. The figure shows an RLC circuit excited by the

sinusoidal voltage 100 cos (3t) Volts, where t is in
amplitude of V2
seconds. The ratio is _________________.
amplitude of V1
[2017-01]
( ) (
(a) sin 1000t + 3cos 1000t )
(b) 3sin (1000t ) + cos (1000t )
(c) 2sin (1000t ) + 2cos (1000t )
(d) sin (1000t ) + cos (1000t )
109
Network Analysis
69. A signal generator having a source resistance of 50

 is set to generate a 1 kHz sinewave. Open circuit
terminal voltage is 10 V peak-to-peak. Connecting a
capacitor across the terminals reduces the voltage to 8
V peak-to-peak. The value of this capacitor ……….. is F.
(Round off to 2 decimal places). [2021]
70. In the given circuit, the value of capacitor C that

makes current I = 0 is _________ F.
71. An inductor having a 𝑄-factor of 60 is connected in

series with a capacitor having a 𝑄-factor of 240. The
overall 𝑄-factor of the circuit is ________. (round off to
nearest integer) [2022]
72. The network shown below has a resonant

frequency of 150 kHz and a bandwidth of 600 Hz. The
𝑄-factor of the network is __________. (round off to
nearest integer) [2022]
110
Network Analysis
111
Network Analysis
Solution
01. Ans: (a)
Solution:
V V
i= =
R + ZL + Z C Z total
At resonance frequency
Ztotal = R
V
imax =
R
Current is maximum at resonance frequency for RLC circuit.
02. Ans: (b)

Solution:
In resistor VR & IR both are in phase so for the given circuit current is leading the voltage,
And from the phasor diagram
VC  VL
I.e., circuit will behave as capacitive circuit
 XC  XL
1
 L
C
1
2 
LC
1

LC
This is less than resonant frequency.
03. Ans: (a)

Solution:
For the circuit to operate in resonance

X C = XL or X C = XL
Leq = 12
Leq. = L1 + L2 + 2M
Where M = k L1L 2 is mutual inductance
112
Network Analysis
12 = 2 + 8 + 2M
M=1
1 1
k = = = 0.25
28 4
04. Ans: (c)

Solution:
Since phase difference between A1 & A2 is 90

So we have to add them, vector ally to obtain A 3

A3 = 5 + 12j
A3 = 25 + 144 = 13A
05. Ans: (d)

Solution:
200
i(t) = = 20A
10
Voltage across capacitor
VC = i ( t )  X C = 20  −20 j
VC = 400 − 90 V
06. Ans: ---

Solution:
Apply to maximum power transfer theorem
To deliver maximum power to a load impedance
ZL = Z *G
07. Ans: False

Solution:
For input impedance of a passive network the numerator and denominator degrees should not differ by more
than 1.
5
()
Given Z s =
s +4
2
Here difference is 2, so it can not represent the input impedance of a network.
08. Ans: (A-1, B-5, C-2)

Solution:
A →1
For over damped system, distinguished poles should lie on negative real axis
B →5
For critically damped system multiple poles should lies on negative real axis
C→2
For oscillations poles should lie on imaginary axis
113
Network Analysis
09. Ans: (c)

Solution:
( ) (
i ( t ) = 3 + 4 sin 100t + 45 + 4 sin 300t + 60  )
2 2
 4   4 
irms = 9+  +  = 25 = 5A
 2  2
Power = irms2  R = 25  10 = 250W
10. Ans: (100, 0.001)

Solution:
For series RLC circuit at resonance
Z (  = n ) = R => R = 100
L
Q= = 100
R
L  107
= 100
100
L = 1 mH and R = 100
11. Ans: (b)

Solution:
Since A2 and A3 , have phase difference of 90
We have to add them, vector ally
A1 = A 2 + A 3
A1 = 3j + 4
A1 = 9 + 16 = 5A
12. Ans: (b)

Solution:
It is a Wheatstone bridge, and its equivalent circuit is
8 4 8
Hence equivalent resistance = 4 || 8 = = 
12 3
13. Ans: ---
Solution:
(a) Equivalent impedance Z AB
At  = 0
XL = jL = 0  Short circuit
1
XC = =   Open circuit
jC
114
Network Analysis
Z AB = 1 1 = 0.5
At  = 
XL = jL =   Open circuit

1
XC = = 0  Short circuit
j C
Z AB = 1 1 = 0.5
(b) Equivalent Admittance across AB
1 1 1
VAB = + +
1 4 1 + 4j
1+
j
j4
1+
VAB =1+  + 1 − 4 j
 16  1 + 162
1 + 2 
( )
  
 1 1 
1 + + 
 

16
1+ 2 
 1 + 162 ( ) 
    
 
VAB =  
  
4 4
 + j − 


  16  1 + 162
 1 + 2  ( ) 

     
For resonance frequency Im YAB = 0 ( )
115
Network Analysis
4 40
=
0
1 (1 + 16 ) 0
2
 16 
 1 + 2 
 0 
1 + 1602 = 02 + 16
0 = 1 rad
sec
Given,
i1 ( t ) = I sin ( 0 t )
And from given circuit at resonant frequency  = 0
   
  1  1 
i1 ( t ) = 10 sin ( t )  1 +  + 
  1 + 16  1 + 16 
    
1 
 1 1
i1 ( t ) = 10 sin ( t )  1 + + 
 17 17 
10 190
i1 ( t ) = 10  sin ( t ) = sin ( t ) A
17 17
190
I = A
17
10sin ( 0 t ) 10sin ( t )
i2 ( t ) = =
1+
4 (1 − 4 j )
j0
10
i2 ( t ) = sin ( t )  (1 + 4J)
17
10
i2 ( t ) =
17
(
sin t + 76 A )
14. Ans: ---

Solution:
Given state variables
X1 = iC1 ( t ) , X 2 = VC2 ( t ) , X 3 = iC3 ( t )
diL1 ( t ) dVQ ( t ) diL3 ( t )

 = X1 , = X2 , = X3
dt dt dt
Apply KCL at Node A
116
Network Analysis
LdiL1 ( t ) LdiL1 ( t )
e (t) − − VC2 ( t )
dt = iL1 ( t ) + dt
2 4
diL1 ( t )
2e ( t ) = 4iL1 ( t ) + L + 2L  − VC2 ( t )
2
Or,
2e ( t ) = 4X1 + 3X1 − X 2
4 X 2
X1 = − X1 + 2 + e ( t ) (1)
3 3 3
Apply KCL at Node B
LdiL1 ( t )
VC2 ( t ) − CdVC2 ( t )
dt + + IL3 ( t ) = 0
4 dt
LdiL1 ( t ) dVC2 ( t )
VC2 ( t ) − + 4C + 4iL3 ( t ) = 0
dt dt
Or, X2 − X1 + 4X2 + 4X3 = 0
From equation (1)
4 X 2
X2 + X1 − 2 − e ( t ) + 4X 2 + 4X 3 = 0
3 3 3
4 2X 2
4X 2 = − X1 − 2 − 4X3 + e ( t )
3 3 3
1 1 1
X 2 = − X1 − X 2 − X 3 + e ( t ) (2)
3 6 6
LdiL3 ( t )
()
And VC2 t − 4iL3 t − () dt
=0
Or, X 2 − 4X 3 = X 3 (3)
From equation (1), (2) & (3)
 4 1  2
− 0  
 X1   3 3   X1   3 
   1 1   1
X2  =  − − −1   X 2  +   e ( t )
X   3 6 6
   
 3  0 1 −4   X3  0 
   
Given e ( t ) = 0 t0
iL1 ( 0 ) = 0A, VC2 = 0 V & iL3 ( 0 ) = 1A

Energy stored at t=0
1 1
E = LiL32 ( 0 ) =  1  1 = 0.5 J
2 2
Final energy stored in the circuit is zero, as currents in inductor & the voltage across the capacitor will be zero as
t=
So, total energy dissipated in the resistance in the interval 0,  is ( )
E = 0.5 − 0 = 0.50
117
Network Analysis
15. Ans: (b)

Solution:
In case of resonances
IR = 1 mA
IL = IC = Q 0  IR
Where Q is qualify factor
IR + IL = I2R + I2L = 1 + I2L
 IR + IL  1 mA
16. Ans: ---

Solution:
1 1 1
Y= = +
Z R + jL 1
R+
jc
j
R+
R − jL c
Y= +
R 2 + (L) 1
2
R2 +
( c )
2
 R R 
 2 + 
 R + (L ) R 2 +  1 
2 2

  C  
 
 
Y=  
 1 

L
 + j C − 
 2 
 R 2 +  1  R + (L )  
 2 2 

   C   
At resonance frequency img Y = 0 ( )
L 1
=
R + (L)
2
2  
1
c  R 2 + 
 
( C )
2
 
1
= R 2 + (L )
2
L2 C  R 2 + L  2  C 
C
2 2
L
L2  CR 2 + = R 2 + L2 2
C
L
(
2 LCR 2 − L2 = R 2 − ) C
118
Network Analysis
 L L
2  LC  R 2 −  = R 2 −
 C C
1
Resonance frequency  =
LC
Impedance at resonance
L
R2 +
Z in = C
2R
Put L = CR2 ,
Zin = R
Impedance becomes frequency independent and circuit resonates at infinite number of frequencies.
17. Ans: 5
Solution:
For maximum power to transfer to load when only R L is variable
(R ) + ( x + xS )
2 2
RL = S L
RL = 32 + 4 2 = 5
18. Ans: (a)

Solution:
To find Vth across AB, equivalent circuit is
100  4 j
Vth = ( by voltage dividing rule)
3+ 4j
100  4 j ( 3 − j4 )
Vth =
25
Vth = 16 j ( 3 − j4 ) V
19. Ans: ---

Solution:
Apply super position theorem
When only 100 is operating
119
Network Analysis
j8
I1 = 100  A
6 + j8
When only 1020 source is operating
4
I2 = −1020 
6 + j8
 I = I1 + I2
8090 −4020
I= +
6 + j8 6 + 8j
76.231190
I= = 7.665.90 A
1053.1o
20. Ans: ---

Solution:
To draw maximum current, circuit should be in resonance

Resonance frequency for series RLC circuit
1
f =
2 LC1
1
L= = 1.0134
( 2 )  10  10−6  (50 )
2 2
0L
Q = = 10
R
2  50  1.013
R= = 31.82 
10
After connecting capacitance C 2 in parallel with previous circuit
120
Network Analysis
Given resonant frequency fr = 100 Hz

1
100 =
2 LCeq
1
Ceq = = 2.5 F
4   (100 )  1.013
2 2
Ceq = C1 + C2 = 2.5 F
It is not possible
Hence C 2 will be in series with C1
C1  C2
2.5 =
C1 + C2
10  10−6  C2
2.5  10−6 =
10  10−6 + C2
10  10−6 + C2 = 4C2
C2 = 3.33 F
Vrms 100
Irms = = = 3.14 A
R 31.8
21. Ans: (d)

Solution:
Put  = 0 , equivalent circuit is
v S  RL
V0 =
RL + R S
Put  =  , equivalent circuit is
v S  RL
V0 =
RL + R S
Since these are some value at  = 0 and  = 

 It’s a band Reject filter
121
Network Analysis
22. Ans: (a)

Solution:
To find steady state voltage we will use superposition theorem
For constant D.C source of 3V
Output V0= 3V
For 4sin100t, by sinusoidal analysis
−103 j
V0 = 4 sin100t 
103 − 103 j
4  
V0 = sin  100t − 
2  4
4  
V = 3+ sin  100t − 
2  4
23. (a) Ans: 0.25

Solution:
Impedance across terminal a & b will be maximum when the parallel RLC circuit is in resonance because in parallel
RLC circuit impedance is maximum at resonance frequency
1 1 1
 Y1 = + +
j0L 1 R
j0 C
1 1 −j 1
Y1 = + j0 4 + = + j0 4 +
j0 4 R 40 R
1  1 
Y1 = + j 0 4 − 
R  0 4 
122
Network Analysis
At resonance Im Y1 = 0 ( )
1
 0 4 =
40
1 rad
0 =
4 sec
(b) Ans: 4
1 rad
At 0 =
4 sec
1
Y1 = or Z1 = R = 2
R
Total impedance Z AB = 2 + 2 = 4 
(c)
() ( )
Given V1 t = V sin 0 t = V sin 0.25t V ( )
1 rad
At 0 =
4 sec
2 V
VC ( t ) = Vi ( t )  = sin ( 0.25t ) V
2+2 2
V 1
 iC ( t ) = VC ( t )  4 j0 = sin ( 0.25t )  4   j
2 4
V V
iC ( t ) = sin 0.25t + 90  = + cos ( 0.25t ) A
2 2
VC ( t ) V
()
And iR t =
2
=
4
sin ( 0.25t ) A
VC ( t ) − jV sin ( 0.25t )
()
And iL t =
4 j0
=
1
2 4
4
V
iL ( t ) = − cos ( 0.25t ) A
2
24. Ans: (a)

Solution:
According to maximum power transfer theorem
The value of resistor R which maximize power delivered to it is
R = R + jL = 10 + j10
R = 102 + 102
R = 14.14 
123
Network Analysis
25. Ans: (a)

Solution:
Em cos ( t )
i(t) =
 1 
R1 ||  R 2 + 
 j  C2 
Em cos ( t )  1 
i(t) =   R1 + R 2 + 
 R1   j  C2 
 R1R 2 + 
 j C 2 
R1
iL ( t ) = i ( t ) 
1
R1 + R 2 +
j C 2
 
 
R1
iL ( t ) = Em cos ( t )  
 R1 
 R1R 2 + 
 j C 2 
At  = 0
i2 ( t ) = Em  0 = 0
At  = 
Em
i2 ( t )
R2
Only option (a) satisfy these conditions
26. Ans: ---

Solution:
Apply KCL at Node E2
E2 − 1020 E2 − 0 E2 − 0
+ + =0
j 1 − j 1 + 2j
 1 + j 1 − 2 j  1020
E2  − j + + =
 2 5  j
10020
E2  −10 j + 5 + 5 j + 2 − 4 j =
j
10020
E2 = = 8.77 − 17.87 
( 7 − 9 j ) j
1020 − E2 1020 − 8.77 − 17.87
And I = =
j j
I = 6.2 − 9.75 A
124
Network Analysis
E2 8.77 − 17.87
And I1 = = = 6.20127.13
1− j 1− j
E2 8.77 − 17.87
E0 = 0.5  = 0.5 
And 1 + 2j 1 + 2j
E0 = 1.96 − 81.30 V
27. Ans: (c)

Solution:
Given Zs = 1 + j1
Load that will obtain maximum power
ZL = ZS *
(According to maximum power transfer theorem)
 ZL = 1 − j1
Hence 1 resistor in series with 1 F capacitor
28. Ans: (b)

Solution:
Given: n = 1 kHz
Q = 100
L 1
For series RLC we know Q = and n =
R LC
Hence when R, L, C are doubled
n Will also be halved
Hence Q is also halved
29. Ans: (b)

Solution:
Since poles are at −1  j and zeros are at -3
k  ( s + 3)
 Z (s) =
s2 + 2s + 2
Z (0) = 3
k ( s + 3)
=3
s + 2s + 2
2
k =2
2 ( s + 3)
Hence Z s =() s + 2s + 2
2
30. Ans: (a)

Solution:
For input frequency  = 2
125
Network Analysis
v (t) v (t)
i(t) = + + v ( t )  jc
R jL
( )
i ( t ) = 3sin2t + 2sin 2t − 90  + 6sin 2t + 90  ( )
i ( t ) = 3sin2t − 2cos2t + 6 cos2t = 3sin2t + 4 cos2t
(
i ( t ) = 5sin 2t + 53.130 )
31. Ans: (a)
Solution:
1
1
V0 ( s ) = Cs  Vi ( s ) = V (s )
1 1 + RCs 1
R+
Cs
 1 
V0 ( s ) =   Vi ( s )
1 + s
V0 ( s ) 1 1
H( s ) = = =  − 45
Vi ( s ) 1+s 2
1
 V0 ( t ) =
2
(
 2 sin 103 t − 45 )
(
V0 ( t ) = sin 103 t − 45 V )
32. Ans: (b)
Solution:
For the given transfer function, the characteristic equation is
s2 + 20s + 106 = 0
Comparing it with standard form
R 1
s2 + s+ =0
L LC
We get
R
= 20 ,  = 103
L
L 103
Now Q = = = 50
R 20
33. Ans: (d)

Solution:
At resonant frequency, the impedance of a series R – L – C circuit is equal to R
In parallel R – L – C circuit
Quality factor
126
Network Analysis
R
Q=
L
1
G=
R
1
Hence Q =
GL
 Increasing G will decreases Q
Hence both s1 and s2 are false
34. Ans: (b)

Solution:
In series R – L – C circuit
The resonant frequency is
1 1 10 4
fin = = = Hz
2 LC 10−6 
2 1 
400
35. Ans: (a)

Solution:
i1 ( t ) Can be found out by using superposition theorem
When only 50 A source is active the equivalent circuit is
i'1 = −50
Now, when only 1060 source is active

Equivalent circuit is
i2 = 1060 
i1 ( t ) = i1' + i2 = −50  + 1060  = −5 + 5 + j5 3

10
i1 ( t ) = 390 A
2
36. Ans: (a)

Solution:
()
For Z 2 s to be positive real
( )
Real Z1 ( J)  R neg 
Or, R neg  Real Z1 j ( ( )) 
127
Network Analysis
37. Ans: (d)

Solution:
ZS = RS + jxS , for maximum power to be delivered
ZL = ZS * (According to maximum power transfer theorem)
ZL = RS − jxS
38. Ans: (c)

Solution:
Put  = 0
And equivalent circuit is
V0 = 0
And put  = 
And equivalent circuit is
V0 = 0V
Hence it is a band – pass filter.
39. Ans: (d)

Solution:
Bandwidth of filter 1
R
B1 =
L1
Bandwidth of filter 2
R 4R
B2 = =
L 2 L1
R
B1 L1 1
 = =
B2 4R 4
L1
128
Network Analysis
40. Ans: (d)

Solution:
Z=
(5 + 3j)(5 − 3j) = 25 + 9
10 10
Z = 3.4
VAB = I  Z = 530  3.4 = 1730 V
41. Ans: (b)

Solution:
Voltage across load
7 + 4j
VL = 200 
1 + 2j + 7 + 4j
7 + 4j
VL = 200  = 16.12 − 7.12
8 + 6j
Current supplied by the source
200
IS = = 2 − 36.86
8 + 6j
 Power consumed by the load
SL = VL IS
SL = 16.12 − 7.12  236.86
SL = ( 2.8 + 16 j ) VA
 Reactive power consumed by the load = 16 VAR
42. Ans: (d)

Solution:
At resonance, for parallel RLC circuit
The magnitude of input impedance is maximum
43. Ans: (a)

Solution:
The equivalent circuit for input frequency 1000 rad/sec
Voltage across 1 ohm resistor
129
Network Analysis
1 || −20 j j
V = 2000  = 2000  − = − j1V Current I=-j1 A
20 j + (1 || −20 j ) 20
44. Ans: (a)

Solution:
Converted circuit it into Laplace domain
1
R ||
V0 ( s ) = Cs Vi ( s )
1  1
R+ R || 
Cs  Cs 
 R 
 
  1  
Cs  R + 
  Cs  
V0 ( s ) =   Vi ( s )
R + 1 + R 
 Cs  1 
 Cs  R +  
  Cs  
 R 
 RCs + 1 
V0 ( s ) =   Vi ( s )
 1 + RCs + R 
 Cs RCs + 1 
 
RCs
V0 ( s ) =   V (s)
 1 + RCs 2 + RCs  i
( ) 
1
At  =
RC
 
 j 
RC 
 RC 
V0 ( j) =  2  Vi ( j)
  1 + RC  j  + R  j 
  RC 

RC 

 
j
V0 ( j) =   V ( j )
 1 + j 2 + j i
( ) 
V0 ( j) j 1
H ( j ) = = =
Vi ( j) 1 −1 + 2j + j 3
1
H ( j ) = & H ( j) = 0
3
130
Network Analysis
1  t 
 V0 ( t ) =  VP cos  
3  RC 
VP  t 
V0 ( t ) = cos  V
3  RC 
45. Ans: (b)

Solution:
Convert lower delta to star and the circuit becomes
66
R= = 2
6+6+6
Z = 2+
( 2 + 4 j)( 2 − 4 j) = 2 + 4 + 16 = 7
4 4
1400
I= = 200 A
7
46. Ans: (b)

Solution:
i = 5cos (100 t + 100 ) A
5
Irms =
2
Power is consumed by the resistance only
Average power is same as RMS power
25
Pavg = irms2  R =  4 = 50W
2
47. Ans: (c)

Solution:
131
Network Analysis
Apply KVL in 2 loops

Let voltage across current source be V
1 = V + i1  j (1 )
1 = V + i2 (2)
Now by applying KCL at node N1
1 = i1 + i2 (3)
Solving 1 & 2 & 3, we get
1
i1 = A
1+ j
48. Ans: (c)

Solution:
For maximum power to be transferred to R L
R L = Z in
RL = 16 + 9 = 5
49. Ans: (c)

Solution:
To find Thevenin’s voltage across R L
Equivalent circuit is
i2 = 0A
4j
VL = v S  = 8090
3+ 4j
Vth = 10VL = 80090
50. Ans: (c)

Solution:
For maximum power transfer between 2 section

Z2 = Z1 *
132
Network Analysis
51. Ans: (b)

Solution:
P = Scos  and Q=Ssin

For leading Q<0 and for lagging Q>0
(
Q = P tan  = −10k  tan cos−1 0.8 )
Q = −7.5k VAR leading power factor 
S1 = 10 − 7.5j and S2 = 8 + 6j
S = S1 + S2 = 10 − 7.5j + 8 + 6j
S = (18 − 1.5 j ) KVA
52. Ans: 0.456

Solution:
1
r = = 1 rad / sec
LC
Since the circuit operates at leading power factor i.e capacitive circuit
Therefore   r
Magnitude of current at resonance
V
Ir = =V
1
Ir
Frequency at which I =
2
V V
=
 1 2
1 + 1   −  j
 
2
 1
1 +  −  = 4
 
1
− =  3

2 3 − 1 = 0
3  3+ 4
=    r 
2
 = 0.456 rad / sec
133
Network Analysis
53. Ans: (d)

Solution:

10 V1
4 =I+ −
4 3j
(1 )
10 V2 V2
I+
4
= +
6 6j
(2)
And V1 − V2 = 10
From eq. (1) & (2)
V1 1 1 
4+ = V2  + 
3j  6 6j
10 + V2 1 1 
4+ = V2  + 
3j  6 6j
12 j + 10 + V2 1 + j
= V2  
3j  6j 
24 j + 20 + 2V2 = V2 + V2 j
24 j + 20 ( 24 j + 20 )( −1 − j )
V2 = =
−1 + j 2
−24 j + 24 − 20 − 20 j
V2 == = ( 2 − 22 j ) V
2
54. Ans: 2
Solution:
To find Norton equivalent impedance
Equivalent impedance is
134
Network Analysis
  j 
1 j j 1 − 
Zbb' = 2 − j = 2 2  j
−
   2

1+ j 1+
2 4
   
 1 
Zbb' = 2 2 + j 2 2 − 
   
1+ 1+
4  4 
(
For purely resistive impedance Img Z bb' = 0)

2 =1
2 
1+
4
2
 2
= +1
2 4
2
=1
4
 = 2 rad / sec
55. Ans: (b)

Solution:
The equivalent circuit is
2
j    3C 2
V= = V
2 R    3Cj + 2
R+
  3Cj
V 1
Y ( j ) = =
2 2 + j3RC
A ( ) = 0.25
1 1
=
4 + 9R 2C2 2 16
12 = 9R2C22
4 = 3R2C2 2
2
=
3RC
135
Network Analysis
56. Ans: 17.678

Solution:
Resonance frequency
1 1
r = = = 105 rad / sec
LC 0.1  1  10 −9
L
For series RLC circuit Quality factor Q =
R
0.1  10 −3  105 10
Q= = = 2.5
4 4
Voltage across capacitor at resonance
10
VCmax = Q  Vsmax = 2.5  = 17.678V
2
57. Ans: 1.414

Solution:
For maximum power to transfer
R L = Z th
For Zth equivalent circuit is
2 2j 4j
Z th = =
2 + 2j 2 + 2j
4
Z th = = 2
2 2
R L = 2
58. Ans: 100

Solution:
We know,
VS 2 = VR 2 + ( VL − VC )
2
10000 = 6400 + ( 40 − VC )
2
VC − 40 = 60
VC = 100V
59. Ans: 5
Solution:
The average voltage Vab can be found out by using superposition theorem.
( )
When 5 sin 50t source is considered,
136
Network Analysis
V'ab = 0  Vab is sinousoid

When 5V source is considered
V''ab = 5V
 Vab = 0 + 5 = 5V
60. Ans: 0.5

Solution:
At high frequencies, capacitors are short circuit
Equivalent circuit will be
V0 = 0.5sin t
Hence peak output = 0.5V
61. Ans:
Solution:
At input frequency = 5000 rad/sec
Z=
(5 j − jX )5 j = (5 − X )  5 j
C C
(10 − X ) j (10 − X )
C C
Zeq. = Z + 50 + 5j
For I=0
Zeq. = Z + 50 + 5j = 
10 − Xc = 0
1
= 10
5000  C
C = 20F
137
Network Analysis
62. Ans: 0.3162

Solution:
For parallel resonance

Resonance frequency
1 1 1 10 4
r = = = =
LC 100  10 −9 10  10 −8 10
r = 3162.3
IL QIR
At resonance ratio = = Q Quality factor
IR IR
R 10
Q= = = 0.3162
Lr 10  10  3162.3
−3
63. Ans: (b)

Solution:
For  = 200 , equivalent circuit is
 V '0 = 2cos ( 200t )

For  = 500 , equivalent circuit is
138
Network Analysis
V '0 = 4 sin (500t )

Now applying superposition theorem
V0 = 2cos ( 200t ) + 4 sin (500t )
64. Ans: 1
Solution:
Since the two branches are connected in series, the current through them is same so for phase difference of 45°
between voltages, the impedance must have an angle of 45°between them
Impedance of V1 , Z1 = 100
(
Impedance of V2 , Z 2 = 1 + j )
Angle of Z 2 must be 450 for which real & imaginary part must be equal or  = 1
65. Ans: 2.6

Solution:
The branches V1 & V2 are in series and hence this currents are equal and hence ratio of voltages will be equal to
ratio of impedances
V2 Z 2
=
V1 Z1
1
R2 + 5 + 1  36
V2 jC j3
= =
V1 R1 + jL 4 + j 31
V2 5 + j12 13
= = = 2.6
V1 4 + j3 5
66. Ans: 0.2

Solution:
If current is in phase with voltage V, the circuit must be at resonance.
1 1
Hence,  = = = 0.2rad/sec.
LC 25
XL = XC = 1 
V V
I= =
R 5
V
Voltage across resistor = VR = 5 = V
5
139
Network Analysis
V V
Voltage across capacitor = VC = 1 =
5 5
VC 1
Ratio = = = 0.2
VR 5
Alternatively,
VC oL 5
=Q= = 0.2  = 0.2
VR R 5
67. Ans: (c)

Solution:
Input frequency  = 5 rad sec
1 1
Xc = = = 0.2 M = 200 k
c 5
By voltage division
5  ( − j200 ) 5 ( − j)(1 + j) 
c = = = 2.5 (1 − j) = 2.5 2 −
200 − j200 2 4
c ( t ) = 2.5 2 sin (5t − 0.25 )
68. Ans: (b)

Solution:
Convert Y connection of capacitor to delta
CY C
C = =
3 3
Now, every capacitor is connected parallel to R
1 R
Z = R || =
j C 1 + j C
3 3
2Z 2R
Z eq = Z || ( Z + Z ) = =
3 3 (1 + jRC )
2  1000 2000 2000 ( 3 − j) 6000 − 2000 j

Z eq = = = =
 j  (3 + j) 10 10
31 + 
 3 
V 20 20 10
I = = = mA = = 3 + j mA
Z eq 6000 − 2000 j 6 − j2 3− j
i ( t ) = 3sin (1000t ) + cos (1000t )
69. Ans: 2.38 F

Solution:
V0 ( j) 1
=
Vi ( j) 1 + jRC
8 1
 =
10 1 + jRC
1 + jRC = 1.25
140
Network Analysis
RC = 1.252 − 12
RC = 0.75
0.75
C= = 2.38F
2000  50
Alternate method
Based on given data, we can draw following circuit
50
Vs V0 C
f=1kHz
–
Vs = 10 V peak to peak  Vs = 5 sinωt
V0 = 8V peak to peak  V̂0 = 4
V0 Xc 4
= =
Vs R 2 + X c2 5
25Xc 2 = 16R 2 + 16Xc 2
16 4R 200
XC = R= = 
9 3 3
1 1 200
= =
c 2  1000  c 3
 C = 2.387 μF
70. Ans. 20 F
Solution:
141
Network Analysis
ZL = ( j5 ) || ( j5 − jX c )
(kj)( j5 − jX ) = 
c
j5 + j5 − jX c
J5 + j5 –jXc = 0
 jXc = j10
 Xc = 10 
1
Xc = = 10
C
1
C=
10  5  103
1 102 102
C=  =
5  10 4 102 5  108
= 20 F
71. Ans. 48
Solution:
When a coil a capacitor are connected in series then overall Q-factor is
1 1 1
= +
Q Q1 Q2
1 1 1 5
= + =
Q 60 240 240
Q = 48
72. Ans. 250

Solution:
ResonanceFequency
QualityFactor =
Bandwidth
150×103
Q= = 250
600
142
Network Analysis
143
Network Analysis
Chapter 5 – Two port network

01. Two two-port networks are connected in cascade.
The combination is to be represented as a single two-
port network. The parameters of the network are
obtained by multiplying the individual [1991]
(a) z-parameter matrix
(b) h-parameter matrix
(c) y-parameter matrix
(d) ABCD parameter matrix 1 1
(a) − (b) +
2 2
02. For a port network to be reciprocal [1992]
3 3
(a) z11 = z22 (b) y 21 = y12 (c) − (d) +
2 2
(c) h21 = −h12 (d) AD − BC = 0
07. The admittance parameter Y12 in the 2-port
03. Find the Y-parameters (short circuit admittance network in Figure is [2001]
parameters) for the network shown in figure.
[1993]
(a) -0.2 mho (b) 0.1 mho

(c) -0.05 mho (d) 0.05 mho
08. The Z parameters Z11 and Z 21 for the 2-port

04. The condition that a 2-port network is reciprocal,
network in figure are [2001]
can be expressed in terms of its ABCD parameters as
_____. [1994]
05. The short-circuit admittance matrix of a two-port
 -1 
0 2 
network is   . The two port network is
1 0 
 2 
[1998] 6 16
(a) Z11 = −  ; Z 21 = ;
11 11
(a) Non-reciprocal and passive
6 4
(b) Non-reciprocal and active (b) Z11 =  ; Z 21 = ;
11 11
(c) Reciprocal and passive
6 16
(d) Reciprocal and active (c) Z11 =  ; Z 21 = −  ;
11 11
06. A 2-port network is shown in Figure. The 4 4
(d) Z11 =  ; Z 21 = ;
parameters h21 for this network can be given by 11 11
[1999]
144
Network Analysis
09. The admittance parameters of a 2-port network 12. For the lattice circuit shown in Figure, Za = j2W
shown in figure are given by Y11 = 2 mho, Y12 = −0.5 and Zb = 2W . The values of the open circuit
mho, Y21 = 4.8 mho, Y22 = 1 mho. The output port is impedance parameters are [2004]
terminated with a load admittance YL = 0.2 mho. Find

E2 for each of the following conditions?
(a) E1 = 100º V
(b) I1 = 100º A
(c) A source 100º V in series with a 0.25Ω resistor is
connected to the input port. [2001]
1 − j 1+j  1 − j 1+j 
(a)   (b)  
1 + j 1+j  1 + j 1 − j 
1 + j 1+j  1 + j − 1+j 
(c)   (d)  
1 − j 1 − j  −1 + j 1+j 
10. Consider the network in Figure. [2002]
13. The ABCD parameters of an ideal n:1 transformer

n 0 
shown in figure are   . The value of X will be
0 X 
(a) Find its short-circuit admittance parameters.

(b) Find the open-circuit impedance Z22.
[2005]
11. The impedance parameters Z11 and Z12 of the two- 1
port network in figure are [2003] (a) n (b)
n
1
(c) n2 (d) 2
n
14. The h parameters of the circuit shown in figure are
[2005]
(a) Z11 = 2.75 and Z12 = 0.25
(b) Z11 = 3 and Z12 = 0.5
(c) Z11 = 3 and Z12 = 0.25 0.1 0.1  10 -1 

(a)   (b)  
(d) Z11 = 2.25 and Z12 = 0.5 -0.1 0.3  1 0.05 
30 20  10 1 
(c)   (d)  
20 20   -1 0.05 
145
Network Analysis
15. A two port network is represented by ABCD -3 3  -3 -1 

(a)   (b)  
 V1   A B   V2 
parameters given by  =    . If port-2 is -1 0.67  3 0.67 
 I1  C D   −I2  -3 3   3 1 
(c)   (d)  
terminated by RL, the input impedance seen at port-1
 1 0.67   -3 0.67 
is given by [2006]
19. For the two-port network shown below, the short-

A + BRL ARL + C
(a) (b) circuit admittance parameter matrix is [2010]
C + DRL BRL + D
DRL + A B + ARL
(c) (d)
BRL + C D + CRL
16. In the two port network shown in the figure below,

z12 and z21 are, respectively [2006]
 4 -2  1 -0.5 
(a)  S (b)  S
-2 4  -0.5 1 
1 0.5  4 2 
(c)  S (d)  S
0.5 1  2 4 
(a) rc and r0 (b) 0 and − r0 20. In the circuit shown below, the network N is
described by the following Y matrix:
(c) 0 and r0 (d) rc and − r0
0.01 S -0.01 S  V2
Y=  . The voltage gain is
0.01 S 0.1 S  V1
Statement for Linked Answer Questions 17 and 18:
A two-port network shown below is excited by external [2011]
dc sources. The voltages and the currents are
measured with voltmeters V1 , V2 and ammeters A 1 ,
A 2 (all assumed to be ideal), as indicated. Under
following switch conditions, the readings obtained are:
(i) S1 -Open, S 2 -Closed ; A 1 = 0 A, V1 = 4.5 V, V2 =
1.5V, A 2 = 1 A
(a) 1/90 (b) -1/90
(ii) S1 -Closed, S 2 -Open ; A 1 = 4 A, V1 = 6 V, V2 = 6
(c) -1/99 (d) -1/11
V, A 2 = 0 A
Common Data for Questions 21 and 22:
With 10 V dc connected at port A in the linear
nonreciprocal two-port network shown below, the
following were observed
(i) 1Ω connected at port B draws a current of 3 A
(ii) 2.5 Ω connected at port B draws a current of 2 A
17. The z-parameter matrix for this network is [2008]
1.5 1.5  1.5 4.5 
(a)   (b)  
 4.5 1.5  1.5 4.5 
1.5 4.5   4.5 1.5 
(c)   (d)  
1.5 1.5  1.5 4.5  21. With 10 V dc connected at port A, the current
drawn by 7 Ω connected at port B is [2012]
18. The h-parameter matrix for this network is
(a) 3/7 A (b) 5/7 A
[2008]
(c) 1 A (d) 9/7 A
146
Network Analysis
22. For the same network, with 6 V dc connected at

port A, 1 Ω connected at port B draws 7/3 A. If 8 V dc
is connected to port A, the open circuit voltage at port
B is [2012]
(a) 6 V (b) 7 V
(c) 8 V (d) 9 V
23. A two-port network has scattering parameters

0.3 0.2 15 5 
s s12  (a)   (b)  
given by S  =  11  . If port-2 of the two-port is 0.2 0.3  5 15 
s21 s22 
3.33 5  0.3 0.4 
short circuited, the s11 parameter for the resultant (c)   (d)  
 5 3.33  0.4 0.3 
one-port network is [2014-01]
s11 − s11s22 + s12s21 s11 + s11s22 − s12s21
(a) (b) 27. The ABCD parameters of the following 2-port
1 + s22 1 + s22 network are [2015-03]
s11 + s11s22 + s12s21 s11 − s11s22 + s12s21
(c) (d)
1 − s22 1 − s22
24. In the h-parameter model of the 2-port network

given in the figure shown, the value of h22 (in S) is
______. [2014-02]
3.5 + j2 20.5  3.5 + j2 30.5 
(a)   (b)  
 20.5 3.5 − j2  0.5 3.5 − j2
 10 2 + j0  7 + j4 0.5 
(c)   (d)  
2 + j0 10   30.5 7 − j4 
28. Consider a two-port network with the transmission

A B
matrix: T=   . If the network is reciprocal, then
C D
[2016-01]
25. For the two-port network shown in the figure, the (a) T-1= T (b) T2 = T
impedance (Z) matrix (in Ω) is [2014-04] (c) Determinant (T) = 0 (d) Determinant (T) = 1
29. The z-parameter matrix for the two-port network

 2 j j 
shown is   , where the entries are in 
 j 3 + 2 j 
. Suppose Zb ( j) = Rb + j .
 6 24  9 8
(a)   (b)  
 42 9   8 24 
9 6  42 6
(c)   (d)  
6 24  6 60 
26. In The 2-port admittance matrix of the circuit
shown is given by [2015-02]
Then the value of R b (in  ) equals ________.
[2016-02]
147
Network Analysis
 z11 z12 
30. The z-parameter matrix   for the two-
 z 21 z 22 
port network shown is [2016-03]
2 -2  2 2 
(a)   (b)  
-2 2  2 2 
9 -3 9 3 
(c)   (d)  
6 9  6 9 
31. The ABCD matrix for a two-port network is defined

by: [2018]
 V1   A B   V2 
 =  
 I1   C D   −I2 
The parameter B for the given two-port network (in

ohms. correct to two decimal places) is _______.
32. The admittance parameters of the passive resistive

two-port network shown in the figure are:
𝑦11 = 5 S, 𝑦22 = 1 S, 𝑦12 = 𝑦21 = −2.5 S
The power delivered to the load resistor 𝑅𝐿 in Watt is
(Round off to 2 decimal places). [2023]
148
Network Analysis
149
Network Analysis
Solution
01. Ans: (d)
Solution:
When two networks are connected in cascaded
Then T- parameters or ABCD parameters get multiplied

 T3  =  T1   T2 
02. Ans: (b & c)

Solution:
For a two port network to be reciprocal, conditions are
Z12 = Z21
Y12 = Y21
h12 = −h21
g12 = −g21
T = AD − BC = 1
03. Ans: ---

Solution:
Parameters equations
I1 = y1 V1 + y12 V2
I2 = y 21 V1 + y 22 V2
Apply KCL at node A

VA − V1 VA VA − V2
+ + =0
1 3 2
 1 1 V
VA 1 + +  = V1 + 2
 3 2  2
3
VA = 2V + V2 
11  1
Apply KCL at node B
 
 V1 − V2  V1 − VA
I1 = +
 1  1
 s  
6V 3V
I1 = sV1 + sV2 + V1 − 1 − 2
11 11
150
Network Analysis
5   3 
I1 = V1  + s  + V2  − − s (1 )
 11   11 
Apply KCL at node o
 
V − V1  V2 − VA
I2 =  2 +
 1  2
 s 
V2 3V 3V
I2 = sV2 − sV1 + − 1− 2
2 11 22
 3  4 
I2 = V1  −
11
− s  + V2  + s 
11
(2)
   
From equations (1) & (2)
 5 3 
 I1   11 + s − 11 − s   V1 
 =  
 I2   − 3 − s 4 V
 11 + s   2 
11 
04. Ans: ---

Solution:
Conditions for reciprocal
Z12 = Z21
Y12 = Y21
T =1
Hence AD − BC = 1
05. Ans: (b)

Solution:
 1
0 − 
Y= 2
1 0 
 2 
Since Y12  Y21
Hence, network is non-reciprocal
1
I1 = − V2
2
1
I2 = V1
2
Now since I1 is negative
Hence it is an active network
06. Ans: (a)

Solution:
V1 = 2I1R + I2R (1 )
V2 = I1R + 2I2R
151
Network Analysis
I1 V2
I2 = − +
2 2R
(2)
Now I2 = h21 I1 + h22 V2
Comparisons with (2)
1
 h21 = −
2
07. Ans: (c)

Solution:
Applying KVL at Node E1
E1 E1 − E2
I1 = +
5 20
1 1  1
I1 =  +  E1 − E
 5 20  20 2
Applying KVL at Node E2
E2 − E1 E2
I2 = +
20 10
1  1 1 
I2 = − E + + E
20 1  10 20  2
Comparing it with
I1 = Y11 V1 + Y12 V2
I2 = Y21 V1 + Y22 V2
1
Y12 = −
20
08. Ans: (c)

Solution:
Applying KVL in input loop

E1 = 2I1 + 4 ( I1 + I2 ) − 10E1
11E1 = 6I1 + 4I2

6 4
E1 =
11
I1 + I
11 2
(1 )
152
Network Analysis
Applying KVL in output loop

E2 = 4 ( I1 + I2 ) − 10E1
60 40
E2 = 4I1 + 4I2 − I1 − I
11 11 2
16I1 4I2
E2 = −
11
+
11
(2)
Comparing (1) and (2) with standard equation
V1 = Z11I1 + Z12I2
V2 = Z21 I1 + Z22 I2
6 16
Z11 = and Z 21 = −
11 11
09. Ans:
Solution:
2 – Port admittance parameters equation
I1 = 2E1 − 0.5E2 (1 )
I2 = 4.8E1 + E2 (2)
For load admittance VL = 0.2
 I2 = −E2  0.2
From equation (2)
−E2  0.2 = 4.8E1 + E2
−1.2E2 = 4.8E1
E2 = −4E1 (3)
(a) For E1 = 100 V

E2 = −400 
(b) For I1 = 100 A



 −E 
I1 = 2   2  − 0.5E2
 4 
I1 = −E2
E2 = −100  V
(c) Modify circuit
153
Network Analysis

100 − 0.25I1 = E1
I1 = 400 − 4E1
From equation (1)
400 − 4E1 = 2E1 − 0.5E2
400 = 6E1 − 0.5E2
From equation (3)
 −E 
400 = 6   2  − 0.5E2
 4 
 −3 1 
E2  −  = 400
 2 2
E2 = −200  V
10. Ans: ---

Solution:
2 – Port admittance equation
I1 = Y11 V1 + Y12 V2
I2 = Y22 V1 + Y22 V2
(a) For short circuit admittance parameter put
(i) V = 0 & V  0
1 2
(ii) V  0 & V = 0
1 2
(i) V1 = 0 & V2  0
Apply KCL at Node ‘A’

 0 − V2 
I1 =   + IX
 10 
−V2
I1 =
10
+ IX (1 )
Apply KCL at Node ‘B’
V2  V 
I2 = 2I X + − I X − 2 
10  10 
V2
I2 = I +
5
(2)
0 − V2 −V2
And I X = =
5 5
−V2
IX =
5
( 3)
154
Network Analysis
From equation (1), (2) & (3)

V2 V2
I1 = − −
10 5
3V2
I1 = −
10
I1 −3
 Y12 = = = 0.3
V1 = 0 V2 10
V2 V2
& I2 = − + =0
5 5
I2
 Y22 = =0
V2
(ii) V1  0 & V2 = 0
Apply KCL at node ‘A’

V1 − 0 V1
I1 = I X +
10
= IX +
10
(4)
Apply KCL at node ‘B’
0 − V1 V1
I2 = 2I X +
10
− IX = IX −
10
(5 )
V1
And I X =
5
(6)
From equation (4) , (5) & (6)
V1 V1 3V1
I1 = + =
5 10 10
I1
 Y11 = = 0.3
V2 = 0 V1
V1 V1 V1
& I2 = − =
5 10 10
I2
 V21 = = 0.1
V2 = 0 V1
0.3 −0.3
 Y  =  
0.1 0 
(b) 2 – port impedance parameter equation

V1 = Z11I1 + Z12I2
155
Network Analysis
V2 = Z21 I1 + Z22 I2
For I1 = 0
V2
Z 22 =
I2
Put I1 = 0 in admittance 2-port equation
0 = y11 V1 + y12 V2
& I2 = y 21 V1 + y 22 V2
 y V 
 I2 = y 21  − 12 2  + y 22 V2
 y11 
 y V − y 21 V12 
I2 =  22 11  V2
 y11 
V2 y11 y
 Z 22 = = = 11
I1 y11 V12 − y12 V22 Y
0.3
Z 22 = = 10 
0.03
11. Ans: (a)

Solution:
By using delta to star conversion
21 1 1 1 1
R1 = R 2 = =  & R3 = = 
1 +1 + 2 2 1 +1 + 2 4

V1 = 2.5I1 + 0.25 ( I1 + I2 )
V1 = 2.75I1 + 0.25I2
Apply KVL in output loop

V2 = 3.5I2 + 0.25 ( I1 + I2 )
V2 = 0.25I1 + 3.75I2
Hence,
Z11 = 2.75,Z12 = 0.25
12. Ans: (d)

Solution:
Lattice network for given notation
1 1 
 ( Zb + Z a ) ( Z a _ Zb ) 
 Z  =  2 2 
1
 Z _Z 1 
 2 ( a b ) 2 ( Zb + Z a ) 
156
Network Analysis
 1 + j −1 + j
 Z  =  
 −1 + j 1 + j 
13. Ans: (b)
Solution:
For an transformer
I2 n
=
I1 1
1
I1 = I2
n
(1 )
V1 n
& =
V2 1
V1 = nV2 (2)
2 – Port ABCD parameter equations
V1 = AV2 − BI2
I1 = CV2 − DI2
Compare equation (1) & (2) with above equation
 V1  n 0   V2 
 
 = 1  
I1  0 I2 
 n 
1
X =
n
14. Ans: (d)

Solution:
2 – Port h parameter equations
V1 = h11I1 + h12 V2
I2 = h21 I1 + h22 V2
Apply KVL
V1 − 10I1 − V2 = 0
V1 = 10I1 + V2 (1 )
& V2 = 20 ( I1 + I 2 )
1
I2 = −I1 + V
20 2
10 1  
V 
  1 =   I1
 1  
 I2  
−1  V1 
20 
15. Ans: (d)

Solution:
V1 = AV2 − BI2
I1 = CV2 − DI2
Put V2 = −I2RL
157
Network Analysis
V1 = − ( ARL + B ) I2 (1 )
I1 = − ( CRL + D ) I 2 (2)
Divide (1) by (2)
V1 ARL + B
Input impedance =
I1 CRL + D
16. Ans: (b)

Solution:
V1 = re I1
V2 = ( I2 −  I1 ) r0
Comparing it with
V1 = Z11I1 + Z12I2
V2 = Z21 I1 + Z22 I2
Z12 = 0 and Z21 = −r0
17. Ans: (c)

Solution:
When s1 is open and s2 is closed
V1 = Z11I1 + Z12I2
4.5 = Z12  1
Z12 = 4.5
And V2 = Z21 I1 + Z22 I2
Z22 = 1.5
When s1 closed and s2 open
V1 = Z11I1 + Z12I2
6 = Z11  4
Z11 = 1.5
And V2 = Z21 I1 + Z22 I2
6 = Z21  4
Z21 = 1.5
1.5 4.5
Z= 
1.5 1.5 
18. Ans: (a)

Solution:
When s1 - open and s2 - closed
V1 = h11I1 + h12 V2
4.5 = h12  1.5
h12 = 3
And I2 = h21 I1 + h21 V2
1 = h22  1.5
158
Network Analysis
2
h22 = = 0.67
3
When s1 - closed and s2 - open
V1 = h11 I1 + h12 V 2
6 = h11  4 + 3  6
h11 = −3
And I2 = h21 I1 + h22 V2
0 = h21  4 + h22  6
h21 = −1
 −3 3 
h= 
 −1 0.67 
19. Ans: (a)

Solution:

V1 V1 − V2
I1 = +
0.5 0.5
I1 = 4V1 − 2V2

V2 V2 − V1
I2 = +
0.5 0.5
I2 = −2V1 + 4V2
 4 −2
 Y  =  
 −2 4 
20. Ans: (d)

Solution:
I1 = 0.01V1 − 0.01 V2 (1 )
I2 = 0.01V1 + 0.1 V2 (2)
100 − V1 = 25I1 (3)
Apply KVL in output loop
V2 = −100I2 (4)
By using (2) and (4)
I2 = −0.01V2
159
Network Analysis
−0.01V2 = 0.01V1 + 0.1V2

−V2 = V1 + 10V2
−11V2 = V1
V2 1
=−
V1 11
21. Ans: (a)

Solution:
This circuit doesn’t have any independent source, so to find out thvenin’s equivalent resistance across 1 & 2
connect a 1 volt voltage source across the terminals and find the current (I) through voltage source. The circuit
can be redrawn as,
Applying KCL at node A

i =I +I ---------- (1)
b A AB
Apply KCL at node B
I + 99i = I -----------(2)
AB b
Using (1)
100i − I = I -----------(3)
b A
Applying KVL in the loop
10  103 i − 1 = 0
b
i = 10−4 A -----------(4)
b
Also 10  103 i + 100I = 0
b A
I = −100i ----------(5)
A b
From 3, 4 & 5 -
I = 200i , I = 200  10 −4 A
b
I = 2  10−2 A
160
Network Analysis
1
Z =
th I
1
Z = = 50
th
2  10−2
22. Ans: (c)

Solution:
Representing the two port network by its Thevenin Equivalent,
Case-1: R = 1, I = 3A
L
V
I= th
R +R
th L
V
3= th
R +1
th
V = 3R + 3 ---------(1)
th th
Case 2: R = 2.5, I = 2A
L
V
2= th
R + 2.5
th
V = 2R + 5 ----------(2)
th th
From 1 & 2
3R + 3 = 2R + 5
th th
R = 2
th
From equation (1)
V = 9V
th
The Thevenin Voltage will depend on the applied voltage. Since, the network is linear.
Hence, V = aV + b
th s
Case-1: V = 9V, V = 10V
th s
9 = 10a + b ----------(3)
Case-2: R = 1, I = 7 A, V = 6V
L 3 s
V' V'
7 = th = th
3 R +1 2 +1
th
V' = 7V
th
7 = 6a + b ----------(4)
161
Network Analysis
Solving (3) and (4) we get,

a = 0.5 and b = 4
When 8V DC Voltage is applied,
V = aV + b = 0.5  8 + 4 = 8V
th s
23. Ans: (b)

Solution:
Scattering parameters
 b1  S11 S12   a1 
 =  
b2  S21 S22  a2 
When port – 2 is short circuited
Vinc = −Vref
b2 = –a2
− a2 = S21 a1 + S22a2
−S21
a2 = a1
1 + S22
S12 S21
b1 = S11 a1 − a1
1 + S22
b1 S11 (1 + S22 ) − S12 S21
=
a1 1 + S22
S11 + S11 S22 − S12 S21
S11 (res ) =
1 + S22
24. Ans: 1.25
Solution:
Apply π representation of Y parameters
1 1 1 
 + − 
 Y1  =  3 3 3 
 − 1 1 1
 3 3 + 3 
1 1 1
 + − 
 Y2  =  2 2 2
 −1 1 
 2 2 
Since both networks are in parallel
 Y  =  Y1  +  Y2 
 2 1 1
 +1 − − 
 Y  =  3 3 2
− 1 − 1 2
+ 1 
 3 2 3 
162
Network Analysis
 5 5
 − 
 Y  =  3 6
− 5 5 
 6 3 
5 5
I1 = V − V …………………..(1)
3 1 6 2
5 5
I2 = − V1 + V2 ………………..(2)
6 3
I2
h22 =
V2 I1 = 0
From eq. (1)
5 5
V = V
3 1 6 2
V
V1 = 2
2
From eq.(2)
5 V 5  5 5
I2 = −  2 + V2 =  − +  V2
6 2 3  12 3 
15
I2 = V
12 2
5
h22 = = 1.25
4
25. Ans: (c)

Solution:
Converting a  - Network to T – Network by star – delta conversion
30  10
R1 = = 3
30 + 10 + 60
60  30
R2 = = 18
30 + 10 + 60
60  10
R3 = = 6
30 + 10 + 60
V1 = 3I1 + 6 ( I1 + I2 ) = 9I1 + 6I2
V2 = 18I2 + 6 ( I1 + I2 ) = 6I1 + 24I2
9 6 
 Z  =  
6 24 
26. Ans: (a)

Solution:
Apply π representation of Y parameters
163
Network Analysis
1 1  1
I1 =  +  V1 − V2
 5 10  5
 1 1 1 
I2 =  −  V1 +  +  V2
 5   5 10 
 0.3 −0.2
 Y  =  
 −0.2 0.3 
If we ignore the negative sign then only option (a) will match.
27. Ans: (b)

Solution:
V1 = ( 7 + j4 ) I1 + 2I2 (1 )
V2 = ( 7 − j4 ) I2 + 2I1 (2)
I1 =
V2
−
( 7 − j4 )  I
2
2 2
I1 = 0.5 V2 − ( 3.5 − j2 ) I 2 ………. (3)
By using equation (1) & (2)
( )
V1 = ( 7 + j4 ) 0.5 V2 − ( 3.5 − j2 ) I2 + 2I 2
V1 = ( 3.5 + j2 ) V2 − 30.5I2
3.5 + j2 30.5 
 T  =  
 0.5 3.5 − j2 
28. Ans: (d)

Solution:
For a 2 –port network to be reciprocal
T = AD − BC = 1
29. Ans: 3
Solution:
Z –parameter of T equivalent network is
Z + Zc Zc 
 Z  =  a 
 Zc Zb + Z c 
164
Network Analysis
 2 j j 
Comparing it with  
 j 3 + j2
We get Zc = j and Zb = 3 + j
Rb = 3
30. Ans: (a)

Solution:
2 port equations of Z parameters
V1 = Z11I1 + Z12I2
V2 = Z21 I1 + Z22I2
V1 3 6
Z11 = = = 2
I1 I2 = 0 3+6
V2 −2I1
Z 21 = = = −2
I1 I2 = 0 I1
V1 −2I2
Z12 = = = −2
I2 I1 = 0 I2
V2 3 6
Z 22 = = = 2
I2 I1 = 0 3+6
 2 −2
Z= 
 −2 2 
31. Ans: (4.8)

Solution:
165
Network Analysis
V
B=
−I 2 V 2 =0
Short circuit terminal 2

V1 V1
I1 = =
2 + 5112 10
2+
7
5
−I2 = I1 
7
5
V1 
−I 2 = 7 = 5V1
10 24
2+
7
V1 24
= = 4.8
−I 2 5
32. Ans. (238)

Solution: Based on given y-parameters of 2 port network
y11 = 5 y22 = 1 y12 = y21 = -2.55
We can represent 2-port network as -model
Connecting this model to given circuit
Applying KCL at node voltage V

v − 20 v − 20 v v
+ + + =0
0.4 3 (−2 / 3) 6
(30 v - 600) + 4 v - 80 - 18 v + 2 v = 0
340
18 V = 680; V = volt
9
V 2 (340 / 9) 2
P= = = 237.86 W
RL 6
166
Network Analysis
167
Network Analysis
Chapter 6 – Graph theory
01. Relative to a given fixed tree of a network, 06. In the following graph, the number of trees (P) and
[1992] the number of cut-sets (Q) are [2008]
(a) Link currents form an independent set
(b) Branch voltage from an independent set
(c) Link currents from an independent set
(d) Branch voltage from an independent set
02. The number of independent loops for a network

with n nodes and b branches is [1996]
(a) n − 1 (a) P=2, Q=2 (b) P=2, Q=6
(b) b − n (c) P=4, Q=6 (d) P=4, Q=10
(c) b − n + 1
(d) Independent of the number of nodes
03. A network has 7 nodes and 5 independent loops.

The number of branches in the network is [1998]
(a) 13 (b) 12
(c) 11 (d) 10
04. Identify which of the following is NOT a tree of the

graph shown in Figure [1999]
(a) begh
(b) defg
(c) adhg
(d) aegh
05. Consider the network graph shown in figure.

Which one of the following is NOT a ‘tree’ of this
graph? [2004]
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
168
Network Analysis
169
Network Analysis
Solution
01. Ans: (a)
Solution:
For fixed tree of a network Link currents form an independent set
02. Ans: (c)

Solution:
No of independent loop for a network with n nodes and b network
= b −n+1
03. Ans: (c)

Solution:
We know,
= b −n+1
s = b −7 +1
b = 11
04. Ans: (c)

Solution:
The graph adding forms a closed loop hence is not a tree
adhg
05. Ans: (b)

Solution:
A tree is a sub – graph of the main graph which connects all the nodes without forming any closed loops.
06. Ans: (c)

Solution:
()
Number of tree P =4
( )
Number of cut-set Q =6
170
Network Analysis
171
Network Analysis
Chapter 7 – Three phase circuits

01. If the 3-phase balanced source in Figure delivers
1500 W at a leading power factor of 0.844, then the 04. Two balanced three-phase loads, as shown in the
value of ZL (in ohm) is approximately [2002] figure, are connected to a 100√3 V, three-phase, 50 Hz
main supply. Given 𝑍1 = (18 + 𝑗24) Ω and 𝑍2 = (6 + 𝑗8)
Ω. The ammeter reading, in amperes, is _______. (round
off to nearest integer) [2022]
(a) 9032.44 (b) 8032.44

(c) 80 − 32.44 (d) 90 − 32.44
02. A three-phase balanced voltage is applied to the

load shown. The phase sequence is RYB. The ratio
05. A balanced delta connected load consisting of the
|IB|/|IR| is …… [2021]
series connection of one resistor (R = 15 Ω) and a
capacitor (C = 212.21 F) in each phase is connected
to three-phase, 50 Hz, 415 V supply terminals through
a line having an inductance of L = 31.83 mH per phase,
as shown in the figure. Considering the change in the
supply terminal voltage with loading to be negligible,
the magnitude of the voltage across the terminals VAB
in Volts is (Round off to the nearest integer). [2023]
03. In the circuit shown below, a three-phase star-

connected unbalanced load is connected to a balanced
three-phase supply of 100 3 V with phase sequence R = 15 , L = 31.83 mH, C = 212.21 F
ABC. The star connected load has ZA = 10 and ZB =
20  60°. The value of ZC in , for which the voltage
difference across the nodes n and n’ is zero is
[2022]
(a) 20  -30° (b) 20  30°

(c) 20 -60° (d) 20  60°
172
Network Analysis
173
Network Analysis
Solution
01. Ans: (d)
Solution:
It denotes 1500KV
3VP IP cos  = 1500
 V  V 
3  L   L  cos  = 1500
 3   3ZL 
( 400 )
2
VL 2 cos   0.844
ZL = = = 90 
1500 1500
Power factor if leading, phase of Z L will be negative
 ZL = 90 − 32.44
02. Ans: (1.732)

Solution:
Assume VRN as reference
VRN = V 0
VYN = V –120
VBN = V 120
VRN V
IR = = 90
− j10 10
V V
IY = YN =  − 210
j10 10
By KCL, IB = −IR − IY
V V
IB =
10
( −190 − 1  − 210 ) = 10 (1 − 90 − 1  − 30 )
3V
=  − 60
10
IB
= 3 = 1.732
IR
03. Ans: (d)

Solution:
n and n’ are same potential.
So, IA + IB + IC = 0
EA EB EC
+ + =0
Z A Z B ZC
  
1000 100 − 120 100120
+ + =0
10  ZC
2060

 100120
10 + 5 − 180 + =0
ZC
ZC = 20 -60°
174
Network Analysis
04. Ans: (20A)

Solution:
Convert -connected independence to Y
Z  Z1 18 + j 24
ZY = = = = 6 + j8
3 3 3
This comes in parallel to existing Z
Zeq = ( 6 + j8) || ( 6 + j8) = 3 + j4
Vph 100 3 / 3
Iph = Ii = =
Z eq 3 + j4
100
| Ii | = = 20 A
5
Ammeter reading = 20 A
05. Ans: (415)

Solution:
1 1
Xc = = = 15
c 2  50  212.21 10 −6
XL = L = 10
Convert Δ connected load
Z
Z = R – jXC = 15 – j15 to star Z y = = (5 − j5 )
3
By this conversion phase voltage across load changes but line voltage remains same
By voltage division
Magnitude of load voltage per phase
Line to line voltage across load = 415 V
175
Network Analysis
176
Network Analysis
Chapter 8 – Magnetically coupled circuits
01. If the secondary winding of the ideal transformer

shown in the circuit of the figure has turns, the number 05. Impedance Z as shown in figure is:
of turns in the primary winding for maximum power [2005]
transfer to the 2 resistor will be [1993]
(a) 20 (b) 40 (a) j29 (b) j9

(c) 80 (d) 160 (c) j19 (d) j39
02. Two 2 H inductance coils are connected in series 06. Two magnetically uncoupled inductive coils have Q
and are also magnetically coupled to each other the
factors q1 and q2 at the chosen operating frequency.
coefficient of coupling being 0.1. The total inductance
of the combination can be [1995] Their respective resistances are R 1 and R 2 . When
(a) 0.4 H (b) 3.2 H connected in series, their effective Q factor at the same
(c) 4.4 H (d) 3.3 H operating frequency is [2013]
03 For the network shown in Figure, R = 1 KΩ, (a) q1 + q2 ( ) (

(b) 1 / q1 + 1 / q2 )
L1 = 2H , L2 = 5H , L3 = 1H , L 4 = 4H and C = 0.2 F
. The mutual inductances are M12 = 3H and (c)
( q1R1 + q2R2 ) (d)
( q1R2 + q2R1 )
M34 = 2H . Determine [2002]
(R1 + R 2 ) (R1 + R 2 )
(a) The equivalent inductance for the combination of
07. In the magnetically coupled circuit shown in the
L3 and L 4 . figure, 56 % of the total flux emanating from one coil
(b) The equivalent inductance across the points A and links the other coil. The value of the mutual inductance
B in the network. (in H) is ___. [2014-02]
(c) The resonant frequency of the network.
04. The equivalent inductance measured between the 08. The input impedance Zin (s), for the network shown
terminals 1 and 2 for the circuit shown in figure, is in [2021]
[2004]
(a) L1 + L2 + M (b) L1 + L2 − M
(c) L1 + L2 + 2M (d) L1 + L2 − 2M
177
Network Analysis
(a) 7s + 4
23s2 + 46s + 20
(b)
4s + 5
25s + 46s + 20
2
(c)
4s + 5
(d) 6s + 4
09. An air-core radio-frequency transformer as shown

has a primary winding and a secondary winding. The
mutual inductance M between the windings of the
transformer is ……….. H, (Round off to 2 decimal
places). [2021]
178
Network Analysis
179
Network Analysis
Solution
01. Ans: (c)
Solution:
Let number of turns in primary winding be n,
Now referring the secondary circuit to primary
2
 n 
2 
 40 

2
 n 
8 = 2 
 40 
n
2=
40
n = 80
02. Ans: (c)

Solution:
L1 = L2 = 2H
k = 0.1
M = k L1L 2
M = 0.1  2 = 0.2H
If two coils are connected in series in additive polarity
L = L1 + L2 + 2M = 4.4H
If two coils are connected in series in subtractive polarity
L = L1 + L2 − 2M = 3.6H
03. Ans: ---

Solution:
(a) Since L3 & L 4 are connected in series additive polarity
Leq ' = L3 + L 4 + 2M34 = 1 + 4 + 2  2 = 9H
(b)
di1
 VAB = L eq
dt
Apply KVL in loop 1
180
Network Analysis
di1  ( di1 − i2 )  d (i − i ) di
VAB − L1 − L2   + M21 1 2 + M21 1 = 0
dt  dt  dt dt
 
M12 = M21
di1 5d ( di1 − i2 ) 3d (i1 − i2 ) di1
VAB − 2 − + +3 =0
dt dt dt dt
di1 2di2
VAB =
dt
−
dt
(1 )
Apply KVL in loop 2
di2 L2d ( i1 − i2 ) di1

−L'eq + − M2 =0
dt dt dt
di2 di1 5di2 3di1
−9 +5 − − =0
dt dt dt dt
14di2 di1
=2
dt dt
di2 1 di1
= ……………..(2)
dt 7 dt
di1 1 di
VAB = − 2 . 1
dt 7 dt
5 di1
VAB =
7 dt
5
 L eq = H
7
(c)
For series RLC resonance frequency
1 1
fr = =
2 LeqC 5
2  0.2  106
7
1
fr =  7 KHz
2
fr = 0.421 KHz or 421 Hz
04. Ans: (d)

Solution:
Since the coils are connected in series in subtractive polarity
L = L1 + L2 − 2M
181
Network Analysis
05. Ans: (b)

Solution:
L1 and L3 are in subtractive polarity

L2 and L3 are in additive polarity
Xeq=X1+X2+X3+2Xm12 -2Xm23=j5+j2+j2+2×j10-2j10
L = j9
06. Ans: (c)

Solution:
L1  L2
q1 = q2 =
R1 R2
When connected in series
Q=
(L 1
+ L2 ) 
R1 + R 2
q1R1 + q2R 2
Q=
R1 + R 2
07. Ans: 2.5

Solution:
The fraction of magnetic flux produced by the current in one coil that links with the other coil is
called coefficient of coupling between the two coils
Given K = 0.56
L1 = 4H , and L2 = 5H
M = k L1L 2
M = 0.56 20
M = 2.5 H
08. Ans: (b)

Solution:
Circuit in s-domain,
182
Network Analysis
By KVL,
-sI1+(4s+5)I2=0
s
 I2 = I
4s + 5 1
s2
V1 = (4 + 6s )I1 − I
4s + 5 1
V1 (4 + 6 s )(4 s + 5) − s 2
=
I1 4s + 5
24s2 + 30s + 16s + 20 − s2

=
4s + 5
23s 2 + 46s + 20
zin =
4s + 5
09. Ans: (51.10)

Solution:
5
I1 = ( p − p)
22
 5 
( )
V0 = j MI1 = 7.3 = 2  100  103  M   
 22 
M = 51.10H
183
Network Analysis
184

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Network Analysis

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Chapter 1 – Network Basics .............................................................................................................................. 3

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Chapter 1 – Network Basics

(a) – 105 V (b) + 105 V

05. An infinite grid is built up by connecting resistors

02. In the circuit of figure, when switch S1 is closed,

for the duration, T − T1 = T2 , equals [1995]

07. The current i 4 in the circuit of the figure is equal

03. A network contains linear resistors and ideal

04. The two electrical sub network N1 and N2 are

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13. The voltage across the terminals a and b in Figure

09. The voltage V in the figure is always equal to

(a) 0.5 V (b) 3.0 V

(a) 9 V (b) 5 V 14. A Delta-connected network with its Wye-

(a) 1.5, 3 and 9 (b) 3, 9 and 1.5

In the circuit of figure when R = 0  , the current iR

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(a) Delivers 80 W (b) Absorbs 80 W

22. Twelve 1Ω resistances are used as edges to form a

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28. In the following figure, C1 and C2 are ideal

(a) 0.238 V (b) 0.138 V

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(a) 125 100 and 80 100

For R = 1 and currents i1 = 2A , i4 = −1A , i5 = −4A

33. The current I S in Amps in the voltage source and

39. For the Y-network shown in the figure, the value of

(a) Voltage controlled voltage source

47. In the figure shown, the current i (in ampere) is

51. The current I flowing in the circuit shown below

52. Current through ammeters A2 and A3 in fig. are

54. In circuit shown below, the magnitude of

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55. For the circuit shown in the figure, 𝑉1 =

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02. Ans: ---

For Thevenin’s Voltage

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[ Correct in this A and B terminal is zero]

For Thevenin’s Resistance

Rth = 2.4 + 1.6 + 6 = 10 

Current in 10 resistor

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Reading of the voltmeter = 50V

03. Ans: (d)

04. Ans: (a)

Apply Kirchhoff’s current law

05. Ans: ---

V2AB = VAC + VCB

06. Ans: (a)

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07. Ans: (b)

Apply Kirchhoff’s current law at node A

08. Ans: (a)

09. Ans: (d)

10. Ans: (a)

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Applying nodal analysis at node E1

(c) Ans: -20