Traditions and Encounters A Brief Global History 4th Edition Bentley Test Bank

Traditions and Encounters A Brief
Global History 4th Edition Bentley Test

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Chapter 08 - Mediterranean Society under the Greeks and the Romans
Chapter 08
Mediterranean Society under the Greeks and the Romans
Multiple Choice Questions
1. (p. 135) The Iliad deals with the

A. journey home of the hero Odysseus.
B. war to capture Troy.
C. adventures of Aeneas.
D. adventures and tragic end of Jason and Medea.
E. adventures of the hero Rama.
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Topic: Early Development of Greek Society
2. (p. 135) The Iliad is attributed to

A. Socrates.
B. Plato.
C. Xeno.
D. Herodotus.
E. Homer.

3. (p. 136) The political structure of the ancient Greeks

A. achieved unification under Pericles.
B. had a history of early, long-lasting centralized government.
C. stabilized after conquest by Persia.
D. was very similar to that of Egypt.
E. usually consisted of independent, autonomous city-states.

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Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
4. (p. 138) The Mycenaeans received early, indirect influence from the Egyptians and
Phoenicians through their contact with the
A. Minoans.
B. Persians.
C. Lydians.
D. Macedonians.
E. Aryans.

5. (p. 137) The most notable lavish palace of Minoan culture was located at
A. Troy.
B. Sparta.
C. Athens.
D. Harappa.
E. Knossos.

6. (p. 138) The Greeks used the word polis to refer to

A. the concept of excessive pride.
B. the city-state.
C. the notion of loyalty to the central government.
D. the pursuit of truth.
E. barbarians.

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7. (p. 138) The Spartans were constantly afraid of the prospect of an uprising by serfs known as
A. helots.
B. poleis.
C. Minoans.
D. Athenians.
E. Dravidians.

8. (p. 138) Distinction among the ancient Spartans came from

A. social status.
B. political infighting.
C. accumulated wealth.
D. family lineage.
E. discipline and military talent.

9. (p. 139) Citizenship in Athens was opened to all

A. Athenians.
B. males and females as long as they owned property.
C. male Athenian citizens.
D. free adult males from the polis.
E. Greek citizens.

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10. (p. 139) The leader who forged a compromise between Athens's social classes by allowing
the aristocrats to keep their land while also providing representation for the common classes
was
A. Solon.
B. Socrates.
C. Miltiades.
D. Pericles.
E. Plato.

11. (p. 139) Under whose leadership did Athens become the most sophisticated of the poleis?
A. Solon
B. Cleisthenes
C. Pericles
D. Pisistratus
E. Plato

12. (p. 141) Who won the Peloponnesian War?

A. Persia
B. Carthage
C. Sparta
D. Athens
E. Thebes

Topic: Greece and the Larger World
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13. (p. 141) By 338 B.C.E., the Greeks had fallen to

A. Darius.
B. Alexander.
C. Philip II.
D. Xerxes.
E. Julius Caesar.

14. (p. 143) The most important port in the Hellenistic world was
A. Alexandria.
B. Athens.
C. Thebes.
D. Persepolis.
E. Sparta.

15. (p. 142) The point at which Alexander had to give up his conquests and return home came in
A. Alexandria.
B. Persepolis.
C. India.
D. Susa.
E. Sparta.

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16. (p. 143) Of all the Hellenistic empires, Greek influence was greatest in
A. the Seleucid realm.
B. Ptolemaic Egypt.
C. Carthage.
D. the Antigonid state.
E. the Roman empire.

17. (p. 144) In which polis did women have the most freedom?
A. Sparta
B. Corinth
C. Athens
D. Thebes
E. Syracuse

Topic: Greek Economy and Society
18. (p. 144) In general, women in classical Greece

A. were excluded from all important religious positions.
B. lived under the legal authority of their male relatives.
C. were the legal owners of the lands on which their husbands lived.
D. directly and actively participated in democratic politics, regardless of their social standing.
E. might ascend to high positions in government, but only if they were members of the upper
class.

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19. (p. 144) Greek law regarded all slaves as

A. a criminal class that must be held in captivity to prevent social unrest.
B. an ethnically inferior people.
C. free peoples who owed a debt to society that must be repaid.
D. the private chattel property of their owners.
E. people working toward their freedom by aiding societal development.

20. (p. 145) Which of the following did Socrates believe was more important than wealth or
fame?
A. the will of the gods
B. honor
C. love
D. forms or ideas
E. political authority

Topic: The Cultural Life of Classical Greece
21. (p. 145) Socrates was condemned to death by

A. a jury of Athenian citizens.
B. the political leader of Athens.
C. a Spartan military council.
D. a group of his students.
E. his fellow philosophers in Athens.

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22. (p. 146) The concept of Forms or Ideas is associated with

A. Socrates.
B. Plato.
C. Xeno.
D. Aristotle.
E. Marcus Aurelius.

23. (p. 146) In the Republic, Plato proposed that the true rulers of society should be
A. the descendents of Socrates.
B. the electorate, through a democratic framework.
C. the Spartans because of their emphasis on character and control.
D. the Athenians because of their wealth and fame.
E. a philosophical elite.

24. (p. 146) Which Greek god was the grandson of the earth and sky gods?
A. Apollo
B. Zeus
C. Hera
D. Demeter
E. Dionysus

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25. (p. 148) During its early history, Italy was dominated by the
A. Greeks.
B. Persians.
C. Minoans.
D. Etruscans.
E. Assyrians.

Topic: From Roman Kingdom to Republic
26. (p. 148) In the early stages of the Roman republic, the patricians elected two
A. kings.
B. consuls.
C. tribunes.
D. archons.
E. senators.

27. (p. 148) In an effort to alleviate social tensions, which group was allowed to elect two and
then later ten tribunes?
A. plebeians
B. slaves
C. patricians
D. consuls
E. dictators

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28. (p. 149) In the early period of Roman expansion, the principal power in the western
Mediterranean was the
A. Greeks.
B. Etruscans.
C. Persians.
D. Gauls.
E. Carthaginians.

29. (p. 149) Rome's monumental struggle with the Carthaginians was known as the
A. Phoenician Wars.
B. Gracchi Wars.
C. Persian Wars.
D. Punic Wars.
E. Sicilian Wars.

30. (p. 149) Latifundia were

A. enormous plantations worked by slaves.
B. the emperor's elite guard.
C. the priestly class devoted to the worship of Mithra.
D. the wealthy classes of ancient Rome.
E. short lyric poems focused on erotic love.

Topic: From Roman Republic to Empire
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31. (p. 150) In regard to political philosophy, Julius Caesar

A. was a staunch supporter of Lucius Cornelius Sulla.
B. followed the example of his uncle Augustus.
C. favored liberal policies and social reform.
D. had stridently demanded the abolition of the republic.
E. proposed the establishment of a theocracy.

32. (p. 150) The last of the Ptolemaic rulers was

A. Cleopatra.
B. Julius Caesar.
C. Mark Antony.
D. Lucius Cornelius Sulla.
E. Darius III.

33. (p. 151) The reign of Augustus inaugurated a period known as the
A. Punic Wars.
B. pax romana.
C. mare nostrum.
D. carpe deum.
E. Augustan reform.

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34. (p. 154) The term paterfamilias refers to the

A. patriarchal nature of the Roman family.
B. prolonged period of peace and stability beginning with the reign of Augustus.
C. concept of Jesus of Nazareth's relationship to his god.
D. position of Jupiter as the king of the Roman gods.
E. central role of the Roman emperor in running the state.

Topic: Economy and Society in the Roman Mediterranean
35. (p. 154) By the second century C.E., how much of the total population of the Roman empire
was represented by slaves?
A. one-hundredth
B. one-twentieth
C. one-tenth
D. one-third
E. two-thirds

36. (p. 154) In 73 B.C.E., Spartacus

A. assassinated Gaius Gracchus.
B. raised an army of seventy thousand rebellious slaves.
C. fought a bloody civil war with Lucius Cornelius Sulla.
D. seized control of Rome under the title "dictator" in an effort to restore order.
E. introduced the first Christian heresy.

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37. (p. 154) Vesta was the Roman goddess of

A. the moon.
B. fertility.
C. the hearth.
D. erotic love.
E. the night.

Topic: The Cosmopolitan Mediterranean
38. (p. 154) The most prominent school of moral philosophy in Rome was
A. Stoicism.
B. Epicureanism.
C. Legalism.
D. Mithraism.
E. Neo-Platonism.

39. (p. 155-156) Which of the following religions was NOT popular during the Roman empire?
A. Christianity
B. Mithraism
C. the cult of Cybele
D. Judaism
E. the cult of Isis

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40. (p. 156) Jesus of Nazareth's followers called him Christ, which meant
A. "the son of god."
B. "the anointed one."
C. "the redeemer."
D. "the son of man."
E. "the king."

True / False Questions
41. (p. 150) The decisive naval battle in the Persian War was at Salamis.
TRUE

42. (p. 139) It was under the leadership of Philip II that Athens became the cultural forefront of
the Greek world.
FALSE

43. (p. 138) The definition of the term polis is city-state.

TRUE

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44. (p. 147) Hellenistic philosophers who identified pleasure as the highest good were Stoics.
FALSE

45. (p. 139) Solon was an aristocrat who played a key role in the creation of democracy.
TRUE

46. (p. 148) The tribunes were the wealthy classes in early Rome.
FALSE

47. (p. 148) The Etruscans were a northern Italian tribe that heavily influenced Rome in its early
history.
TRUE

48. (p. 148) The common people in early Rome were called patricians.
FALSE

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49. (p. 151) Julius Caesar was the leader who reunified the Roman world and began the pax
romana.
FALSE

50. (p. 156) Paul of Tarsus was the leading figure in the expansion of Christianity beyond
Judaism.
TRUE

Essay Questions
51. Second-century historian Arrian proposed that Alexander the Great, "had an uncanny
instinct for the right course." What were Alexander's main goals? Was his ambition his
greatest strength or most dangerous weakness?
Answers will vary
52. Socrates believed that, "no evil can happen to a good man, either in life, or after death."
How would Socrates define a good man? What were the foundations of his thought?
Answers will vary
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53. What part did slaves play in Athens and Sparta? How did Greek law treat slaves?
Answers will vary
54. Discuss the philosophical contributions of the ancient Greeks. How did thinkers such as
Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, and the later Hellenistic philosophers shape the world?
Answers will vary
55. Examine the influence of the Egyptians, Phoenicians, and Minoans on the early Greeks.
What Greek characteristics express these influences? In what ways were the Greeks different
from these other societies?
Answers will vary

56. In what ways were the Mycenaeans similar to the later Athenians and Spartans of the
classical age? What legacy did the Mycenaean period leave behind?
Answers will vary
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57. What were the achievements and limitations of Greek democracy? In what ways could the
experiences of the Greeks have influenced the early American thinkers in the formation of
their republic?
Answers will vary
58. What were the major historical legacies of the Hellenistic age? In what ways was this
period different from the earlier Hellenic age?
Answers will vary
59. Discuss the Greek Olympic Games. What can these games tell us about the nature of the
Greeks?
Answers will vary
60. What could the nature of Greek drama and comedy tell us about how the Greeks viewed
themselves? What makes their drama and comedy unique?
Answers will vary
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61. Discuss the nature of the Homeric epic poems, the Iliad and the Odyssey. How influential
were these works to the Greeks? In what ways do these works express the Greek worldview?
Answers will vary
62. Examine the social structure of the ancient Greeks. What role did women play in their
society? Were there variations of the social structure among the different city-states?
Answers will vary
63. Examine the relationship between the Greeks and Persians. How influential were the
Persian Wars on later Greek history?
Answers will vary
64. Examine Greek exploration and colonization. What do these actions say about the Greek
economic, social, and intellectual worlds?
Answers will vary
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65. Examine the career of Alexander of Macedon. What factors drove him onto the world
stage? How did he influence history?
Answers will vary
66. How did geography influence the political structure of ancient Greece? Why didn't the
Greeks ever unify? What brought them together? What tore them apart?
Answers will vary

67. Look at the map of Greek colonies on page 137. What role did Greek sailors and
merchants play in cultural as well as economic expansion? How did sailing and adventure
express the nature of the Greeks?
Answers will vary

68. Discuss the cultural and architectural splendor of Athens as represented in the picture on
page 134. Remember that some of these buildings were built with money from the Delian
League. What might this fact say about Athenian arrogance?
Answers will vary
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69. What is Socrates' view of death? (see Textbook: Sources from the Past: Socrates' View on
Death). How does this view relate to his pursuit of truth? How did it relate to his own death?
Answers will vary
70. Discuss the concept of pax romana. What were the outstanding characteristics of this
period? How were the Romans able to unify this region and hold it together for such a long
period of time?
Answers will vary
71. The reign of Augustus Caesar is usually seen as the beginning of a glorious age. The
historian Tacitus, however, noticed many problems, including the fact that the, "legal system .
. . was wholly incapacitated by violence, favoritism, and—most of all—bribery." Which of
these views is correct? What were the achievements and shortcomings of Augustus's reign?
Answers will vary
72. Examine the role that family played in ancient Rome. What role did women play inside
and outside the home? Did women have more or less freedom in Rome than in other
societies?
Answers will vary
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73. Examine the reign of Augustus Caesar. What steps did he take to restore order and
implement the pax romana? What were the long-term effects of his influence?
Answers will vary
74. Examine the intellectual world of the Romans. How did the Greeks influence the
Romans? In what ways were they different?
Answers will vary

75. Why did the Romans create such a huge and long-lasting empire, when the Greeks were
never able to unify? Did character play a role?
Answers will vary

76. Compare and contrast the Roman and Chinese empires. What made these states so
powerful and influential for such a long period of time?
Answers will vary

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77. How did trade shape the Roman world? Discuss the implications of the Mediterranean as
mare nostrum. How did trade work to bring the Roman world together?
Answers will vary

78. Compare the status of women in Rome to their status in the rest of the ancient world. How
was the role of women different in Rome than in the Greek city-states?
Answers will vary

79. Compare the Punic Wars to the Persian Wars. In what ways were both events pivotal?
What might have happened if the wars had turned out differently?
Answers will vary

80. What were the main achievements and limitations of the Roman republic and Roman
empire? What were the key turning points in Roman history?
Answers will vary

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81. Examine the constantly changing religious world of the Romans. Explain the Roman role
in the rise of Christianity.
Answers will vary
82. Discuss the Roman concept of citizenship. Relate it to the success of Roman expansion.
How does citizenship relate to the ideals of Roman character?
Answers will vary
83. Discuss the reign of Julius Caesar. How did he transform the Roman state? How great was
his influence on the later Roman empire?
Answers will vary
84. Look at the picture of the Roman forum on page 149. What do the ruins tell us about
public life in Roman times?
Answers will vary
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85. Look at the picture of the Pantheon on page 155. What can this picture tell us about the
importance of religion to the Romans? What does it say about Roman architectural skills?
Answers will vary

86. Examine the map of the expansion of the Roman republic on page 150. What role did the
Punic Wars play in that expansion? What strains could such a rapid expansion have placed on
the republic?
Answers will vary
87. Examine the map of the Roman empire on page 152. Compare the size and diversity of
this empire to other empires covered earlier in the class. Why did roads and trade play such a
key role in Roman success?
Answers will vary

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Multiple Choice Questions

1. (p. 135) The Iliad deals with the

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

2. (p. 135) The Iliad is attributed to

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

3. (p. 136) The political structure of the ancient Greeks

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

6. (p. 138) The Greeks used the word polis to refer to

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

8. (p. 138) Distinction among the ancient Spartans came from

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

9. (p. 139) Citizenship in Athens was opened to all

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

12. (p. 141) Who won the Peloponnesian War?

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

13. (p. 141) By 338 B.C.E., the Greeks had fallen to

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

18. (p. 144) In general, women in classical Greece

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

19. (p. 144) Greek law regarded all slaves as

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

21. (p. 145) Socrates was condemned to death by

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

22. (p. 146) The concept of Forms or Ideas is associated with

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

30. (p. 149) Latifundia were

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

31. (p. 150) In regard to political philosophy, Julius Caesar

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

32. (p. 150) The last of the Ptolemaic rulers was

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

34. (p. 154) The term paterfamilias refers to the

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

36. (p. 154) In 73 B.C.E., Spartacus

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

37. (p. 154) Vesta was the Roman goddess of

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

True / False Questions

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