1 WATER,

1- WATER SOLUTES AND PARTICLES

2- THE VERTICAL SEGREGATION OF ELEMENTS

2

3- THE CARBON SYSTEM

4- THE CHEMISTRY ON THE CONVEYOR BELT

5- SUMMARY AND QUESTIONS

 (a)

First published global ocean conveyor belt by Broecker (1974).

(a) is an idealized map of the patterns of deep water flow (solid lines) and surface water
flow (dashed lines). The large circles designate the sinking of NADW in the Norwegian Sea
and the recooling of water along the perimeter of the Antarctic Continent; the shaded circles
indicate the distributed upwelling which balances this deep water generation.
 (b)

b)The lower
b)Th l di
diagram i an idealized
is id li d vertical
ti l section
ti running
i f
from th North
the N th
Atlantic to the North Pacific showing the major advective flow pattern (solid lines)
and the rain of particles (wavy lines)”.
Drawing by Joe Le Monnier in “Natural
Natural History Magazine
Magazine”.
Red arrows indicate light, upper (surface) water, blue arrows are bottom and deep water. Two
new features are included: (1) significant westward return flow south of Australia, and (2)
large ocean eddies in the Atlantic transporting part of the meridional overturning circulation. .
(Drawing Rick Lumpkin
Lumpkin, NOAA / AOML
AOML, appeared in the publication PL Richardson
Richardson, 2008 On
the history of southern overturning circulation schematic diagrams, Progress in
Oceanography 76: 466-486).
Most of the figures shown in the next slides in this document were
done with the program Ocean Data View:

Schlitzer,
S hlit R O
R., Ocean Data
D t View
Vi
http://odv.awi.de, 2014

Most data come from WOCE collection.

collection

Schlitzer, R., Electronic Atlas of WOCE Hydrographic and Tracer

Data Now Available
Available, Eos Trans
Trans. AGU
AGU, 81(5),
81(5) 45
45, 2000
ATLANTIC PACIFIC
ATLANTIC
PACIFIC
ATLANTIC

PACIFIC
 ATLANTIC

PACIFIC
Schlitzer, R., Electronic Atlas of WOCE Hydrographic and Tracer Data Now
Available, Eos Trans. AGU, 81(5), 45, 2000
Schlitzer, R., Electronic Atlas of WOCE Hydrographic and Tracer Data Now
Available, Eos Trans. AGU, 81(5), 45, 2000
 AOU apparent oxygen uptake

AOU = [O2]* - [O2]measured

APP apparent phosphate production

ANP apparent nitrate production
a)

b)

Redfield ratio : C:N:P → 106:16:1

line with slope
NO3/PO4 = 16/1
MEAN OCEANIC WATERS
ATLANTIC PACIFIC
PACIFIC
ATLANTIC