Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CIS6004 2
Assessment and Weighing
CIS6004 3
Required Readings
CIS6004 4
Recommended Reading
CIS6004 5
Robots – beyond Asimov and “A.I.”
7
Here is one definition
“… soft and sentient machines that will help and assist humans in the
broadest possible sense to support and sustain our welfare.
8
What do robots do?
•? • Safety critical situations (military, disaster recovery)
•? • Maintenance operations (investigating faults,
•? assessing maintenance, e.g. underground)
•? • Manufacturing (producing goods, e.g. cars)
• Health (robotic surgery)
•?
• Homes (robots as helpers, companions)
•?
• Supermarkets (robots as helpers)
9
Google and AI
• Commuting
• Google’s AI-Powered Predictions
• Ridesharing Apps Like Uber and Lyft
• Commercial Flights Use an AI Autopilot
• Smart Email Categorization
• Grading and Assessment
• Plagiarism Checkers
• Robo-readers
• Banking/Personal Finance
• Mobile Check Deposits
• Fraud Prevention
• Credit Decisions
BIS3328 2012-13 11
Everyday AI
• Banking/Personal Finance
• Mobile Check Deposits
• Fraud Prevention
• Credit Decisions
• Social Networking
• Facebook
• Pinterest
• Instagram
• Snapchat
BIS3328 2012-13 12
Everyday AI
• Mobile Use
• Voice-to-Text
• Smart Personal Assistants
More…. https://emerj.com/ai-sector-overviews/everyday-examples-of-
ai/
https://www.iqvis.com/blog/9-powerful-examples-of-artificial-
intelligence-in-use-today/
https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/artificial-intelligence-software/
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DNA robots
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Is a robot an “information system”?
Consider robots in the home … so-called “artificial
companions” or even ‘smart’ devices (i.e. smart homes)
Ethical issues:
Collection of personal data – sometime medical
Who controls the technology, and do they consider ethical issues?
Artificial companions may appear to have emotions or intelligence –
what is impact on vulnerable people
Do vulnerable users understand what the technologies are doing?
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General Principles in Ethically Aligned
Design(IEEE)
1. Human Rights–
A/IS shall be created and operated to respect, promote, and protect
internationally recognized human rights.
2. Well-being–
A/IS creators shall adopt increased human well-being as a primary success
criterion for development.
3. Data Agency–
A/IS creators shall empower individuals with the ability to access and securely
share their data, to maintain people’s capacity to have control over their
identity.
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General Principles in Ethically Aligned
Design(IEEE)
4. Effectiveness–
A/IS creators and operators shall provide evidence of the effectiveness
and fitness for purpose of A/IS.
5. Transparency–
The basis of a particular A/IS decision should always be discoverable.
6. Accountability–
A/IS shall be created and operated to provide an unambiguous rationale for
all decisions made.
BIS3328 2012-13 17
General Principles in Ethically Aligned
Design(IEEE)
7. Awareness of Misuse–
A/IS creators shall guard against all potential misuses and risks of A/IS in
operation.
8. Competence–
A/IS creators shall specify and operators shall adhere to the knowledge and
skill required for safe and effective operation
BIS3328 2012-13 18
Legal issues in AI
• Human Rights
• Contracts and Liability
• Data Privacy
• Intellectual Property
https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=4284727f-3bec-
43e5-b230-fad2742dd4fb
BIS3328 2012-13 19
Microsoft Sees Need for AI Laws, Regulations
• https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11547-020-01135-9
• https://www.thedrum.com/industryinsights/2020/03/11/ai-and-
ethics-time-talk-about-responsibility
• Microsoft AI principles
• https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/ai/responsible-
ai?activetab=pivot1:primaryr6
BIS3328 2012-13 21
Asimov's Laws : Robots
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/asimovs-laws-wont-stop-
robots-from-harming-humans-so-weve-developed-a-better-solution/
BIS3328 2012-13 22
Ethical principles for designers,
builders and users of robots
1. Robots should not be designed solely or primarily to kill or harm
humans.
2. Humans, not robots, are responsible agents. Robots are tools designed
to achieve human goals.
3. Robots should be designed in ways that assure their safety and
security.
4. Robots are artifacts; they should not be designed to exploit vulnerable
users by evoking an emotional response or dependency. It should
always be possible to tell a robot from a human.
5. It should always be possible to find out who is legally responsible for a
robot.
https://joanna-bryson.blogspot.com/2016/03/the-meaning-of-epsrc-principles-of.html
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7 high level messages
(from the workshop)
• …robots have the potential to provide positive impact to society
… encourage responsible robot research.
• Bad practice hurts us all.
• Addressing public concerns will help us all make progress.
• … roboticists, are committed to the best possible standards of
practice.
• … work with experts from other disciplines, including: social
sciences, law, philosophy and the arts.
• … consider the ethics of transparency: are there limits to what
should be openly available?
• … [roboticists] to contact journalists re errors in press coverage
BIS3328 2012-13 24
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laws_of_robotics
Professional Codes of Conduct
Statement of Ethical Principles, Royal Academy of Engineering
Professional issues:
Relevant to emergent technologies (such as autonomous
systems) there is a particular duty of engineers to:
• https://www.insidetechlaw.com/artificial-intelligence
• https://www.uktech.news/ai-sounds-great-but-what-about-the-legal-
issues
• https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsta.2018.0080
• https://miguelgfierro.com/blog/2018/10-ethical-issues-of-artificial-
intelligence-and-robotics/
• https://www.loc.gov/law/help/artificial-intelligence/asia-pacific.php
• https://www.analyticssteps.com/blogs/how-tesla-making-use-
artificial-intelligence-its-operations
• https://fylim.medium.com/6-fundamental-principles-of-robotic-
process-automation-rpa-solution-design-a3ef6575c113
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