IPs: THE INDIGENOUS FILIPINOS

 there are close to 100 IPs, exclusive of HISTORICAL CONTEXT

the Muslims groups
 1987 Constitution , Article XII
 according to the National Commission
Protect the Rights of Indigenous
on IPs there are approximately 11.3
Cultural Communities to their
million IPs in the Philippines
Ancestral Lands
 1987 Constitution, Article XIV
 Northern Island PH, LUZON:
Recognize, Respect and Protect
10 upland tribal groups
the Rights of the Indigenous
o Ifugao
Cultural Communities to Preserve
o Bontoc
and Develop their Cultures,
o Kankanay Traditions and Institutions
o Kalinga
o Tinguian
o Isneg CURRENT ISSUES
o Ibaloi  Livelihoods and social services
o Gaddang  Militarization
o Ilongot  Suffering extreme poverty
o Negrito  Limited formal education
 Communist rebellion
 Central and Southern PH, MINDANAO:  Land rights
Lumads tribal groupings
o Ata
o Bagobo
o Guiangga
o Mamanwa
o Magguangan
o Mandaya
o Banwa-on
o Bukidnon
o Dulangan
o Kalagan
o Kulaman
o Manobo
o Subanon
o Tagabili
o Takakaolo
o Talandig
o Tiruray
FILIPINO VALUES
 refers to the set of values or the value
system that a majority of the Filipino have
historically held important in their lives.
This Philippine values system includes their
own unique assemblage of
consistent ideologies, moral codes, ethical
practices, etiquette and cultural and
personal values that are promoted by their
society.
As a general description, the distinct value
system of Filipinos is rooted primarily in
personal alliance systems, especially those
based in kinship, obligation, friendship,
religion (particularly Christianity) and
commercial relationships.
F. LANDA JOCANO: TWO MODELS OF THE
FILIPINO VALUE SYSTEM
1. EXOGENOUS MODEL/FOREIGN MODEL
is described to be a "legal and formal"
model. It was inherited by Filipinos from
Western cultures, particularly from the
Spaniards and the Americans.
2. INDIGENOUS MODEL/TRADITIONAL
MODEL is described as a "traditional and
non-formal" model or guide but is deeply
embedded in the subconscious of the
Filipinos.
ELEMENTS AND COMPOSITION OF
FILIPINO VALUES
SURFACE VALUES - readily seen and
observed values exhibited and esteemed by
many Filipinos.
 Hiya (propriety/dignity)
 Pakikisama (companionship/esteem)
 Utang na loob(gratitude/solidarity)
CORE VALUE
 Kapwa. It means togertherness. It has two
categories:
 Ibang Tao and Hindi Ibang Tao
Pivotal Aspect of Pakikiramdam, or shared inner
perception ("Feeling for another").
THERE ARE THREE SOCIAL CLASSES IN
THE COUNTRY BASED ON INCOME AND
NATIONAL WEALTH:
Other notable key elements or motivations:
 Optimism
 Pessimism
 Concern and care for others
 Friendship and Friendliness
 Hospitable
 Religious nature
 Respectful
 Fear of God
 Abhorrence of acts of cheating and
thievery
ENUMERATION OF FILIPINO VALUES
 Pagkakabuklod-buklod
 Utang na loob - reciprocity of debt of
gratitude
 Galang – respectful individuals
 Pagkarelihiyoso - believe so much in
supernatural powers and taught them to
trust prayers
 Damayan/Balikatan - mutual
cooperation
 Malasakit - the willingness to help the
other member who is in need more than
they do
 Hospitality - heartwarming generosity
of a Filipino
 Gender-specific values - In relation to
parenthood, bearing male and female
children depends on the preferences of
the parents based on the expected roles
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION IN THE
PHILIPPINES
Filipinos believe in the need for social
acceptance and feel that education can provide
upward mobility. Color of skin, beauty, and
money are the criteria that determine a
person's social position.
Money to buy consumer goods is an indicator
of power. Wealthy people lead western
lifestyles.
 RICH CLASS represent about 10 percent of
the population but own or earn about 90
 percent of the wealth of the country. They
are composed of wealthy industrialists with
big corporations and owners of large
haciendas or plantations.
 MIDDLE CLASS represent about 20 percent
of the population. They are composed of
professionals (doctors, lawyers, etc.).
 LOWER OR POOR CLASS comprise about
70 percent of the population but they only
earn or share 10 percent of the wealth.
FOUR UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES
 First, social stratification is socially defined as a
property of a society rather than individuals in
that society.
 Second, social stratification is reproduced from
generation to generation.
 Third, social stratification is universal (found in
every society) but variable (differs across time
and place).
 Fourth, social stratification involves not just
quantitative inequality but qualitative beliefs and
attitudes about social status.
Communal society, cooperative group formed on
the basis of shared interests (e.g., religious or
political) and emphasizing the needs of the
community above those of the individual.
THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE
FILIPINO CHARACTER
STRENGTHS
 PAKIKIPAGKAPWA-TAO – fellow human being;
is a foundation for unity as well the sense of
social justice.
 FAMILY ORIENTATION - honor and respect
given to family members.
 JOY AND HUMOR - cheerful and fun-loving
approach to life.
 FLEXIBILITY, ADAPTABILITY, AND
CREATIVITY - possess a tolerance for
ambiguity that enables us to remain unfazed by
uncertainly.
 HARDWORK AND INDUSTRY - to raise one’s
standard of living and to possess the essentials
of a decent life for one’s family
 FAITH AND RELIGIOSITY – deep faith in God
 ABILITY TO SURVIVE - bravely live through the
harshest economic and social circumstances.
WEAKNESSES
 EXTREME PERSONALISM - view the world in
terms of personal relationships.
 EXTREME FAMILY CENTEREDNESS -
manifests itself in the use of one’s office and
power as a means of promoting the interest of
the family.
 LACK OF DISCIPLINE - casual and relaxed
attitude towards time and space which manifests
itself in lack of precision and compulsiveness, in
poor time management and procrastination
 PASSIVITY AND LACK OF INITIATIVE - strong
reliance on others to do things for us related to
our need for a strong authority.
 COLONIAL MENTALITY - lack of patriotism and
an actual preference for things foreign.
 KANYA-KANYA SYNDROME - selfish, self-
serving attitude that generates a feeling of envy
and competitiveness toward others.
LACK OF ANALYSIS AND SELF-
REFLECTION - superficial and even
somewhat flighty
THE HUMAN SECURITY APPROACH AND ITS
ADDED VALUE
 The human security approach can reinforce
United Nations support to Member States in
strengthening resilience to climate change
and natural disasters; promoting peaceful
and
inclusive
societies; addressing the underlying causes
of persistent poverty; and bolstering the
transition from humanitarian crisis to longer
term sustainable development.
 Agenda
2030
underscores that an integrated sustainable
development agenda requires an equally
synergistic framework.
 The adoption of General Assembly
resolution 66/290 on 10 September 2012
was a significant milestone for the
application of human security.
Common understanding to guide the application of the
human security approach within the united nations system:
a) The right of people to live in freedom and
dignity
b) Human security calls for people-centered,
comprehensive, context-specific and
prevention-oriented responses
c) Human security recognizes the interlinkages
between peace, development and human
rights, and equally considers civil, political,
economic, social and cultural rights
d) The notion of human security is distinct from
the responsibility to protect and its
implementation
e) Human security does not replace State
security
f) Human security is based on national
ownership

TYPES OF HUMAN SECURITY AND POSSIBLE ROOT

CAUSE

FIVE (5)

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES

1. People-centered
2. Comprehensive
3. Context-specific
4. Prevention-oriented
5. Protection and empowerment