Cultural Variation
- Refers to the differences in social
Understanding
Culture, Society and
Politics
Lesson 1 : Knowing about
Human Cultural and Social
Variations
Culture
➢ It is a collection of a group’s traditional
beliefs, shared values, and material
characteristics.
➢ Refers to that complex whole which
includes knowledge, beliefs, arts,
morals, laws, customs, and any other
capabilities and habits acquired by man
as a member of a society. (Edward H.
Taylor)
Two types of Culture:
1. Material culture
- Composed of tangible things like food,
tools, dress, accessories and others.
2. Non-material culture
- Composed of intangible things such as
habits, ideas, religion, language and
behavior.
behaviors that cultures exhibit around
the world.
- It is influence with cultures in a specific
places and tribes.
FILIPINO CULTURE
The culture of the Philippines comprises a blend
of traditional Filipino culture, together with
Spanish and American elements, and other
nearby Asian countries.
EXAMPLES: BHPHLR
● Bayanihan – The act of the whole
community getting together and helping
each other.
● Harana – A traditional form of courtship
where a man would sing to his loved one
to ensure a special place in her heart.
● Pagmamano – is the action of placing
the back of the elder’s hand to the
younger one’s forehead, typically as a
sign of respect.
● Hospitality – The warm and friendly
reception of Filipinos to its guests
● Living together
● Rice in every serving – In the Filipino
cuisine, there is always rice served
together with their dish. There are some
oftentimes where people would hear a
saying “Filipinos can’t live without rice”
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Some Ethnic groups in the Filipinos are also composed of family-oriented

individuals that would prioritize their family over
Philippines BIB
anything.
BICOLANO

➢ Located in Region V, Bicol Region

➢ Known for being religious and calm. Other facts of what the Filipino
➢ Known for their distinct way of cooking society is composed of:
for including coconuts in their dishes.
Catholicism
IGOROT
● About 80% of the Filipino society are
➢ Located in Cordillera Administrative
Roman Catholics
Region (CAR)
● Is the only country in Asia in which
➢ Cultural elements: metal working in iron
Christianity is the national religion
and brass, weaving and animal sacrifice.
➢ Most widely known for suffering from Social Interactions
oppression
● Its social hierarchy is determined by age
BADJAO and social status.

➢ Located in Region IX (9), Zamboanga,

Gender Roles
and Region XV (15), Sulu.
➢ Commonly known for living above ● Tagged as patriarchal
water, often called “ Sea Nomads” or ↳ A system of a society in
“Sea Gypsies” which the eldest male of
➢ Good swimmers the family is holding the
authority.

However, these days, the Philippines is getting

Society
➢ A group of people that is within
the same social territory.
close in exhibiting matriarchal society since
females have been significant in one household
to another.

FILIPINO SOCIETY

- Categorized as a collectivist
society

Filipinos love to treasure their families, and their

needs more than themselves.
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Lesson 2 : Observations about 2.)Istambay

social, political and cultural
Tambay – Short for the English-derived Filipino
behavior and phenomena word istambay (“stand by”).

➢ The non-productive family members

1. )Food Taboos who have no jobs and no ambition.
What are Food Taboos in the ➢ Usually Filipino males 18-35 y.o.

Philippines? The only time they show enthusiasm is when

there's food, beer/gin/brandy, and some
➢ A food taboo is a prohibition company to "celebrate" with.
against consuming certain foods.

Examples/Reasons of prohibition: 3.)Political Dynasties in the

Philippines
Religions
➢ Refer to traditional political families or
● Religious beliefs about food the practices by these political families
○ Pork is regular meat for many of monopolizing political power and
Christians, Catholics, and public offices from generation to
Protestants. generation and treating the public
○ Muslims are not allowed to eat elective office almost as their personal
pork. property.
○ Iglesia ni Cristo members eat
It will show that the resiliency of political
pork but are not allowed to eat
dynasties mainly emanates from the following
pig’s blood
factors (factors kung bakit patuloy parin ang
● Certain religious periods like during the
political dynasties):
Holy Week
● The formidable political and
Society
socio-economic foundations which

● There are certain dietary rules that may established political dynasties(nasa law

affect particular aspects of human life. yung at mga tao yung problem)

● Certain classes of people like priests or ● The failure to effectively implement

religious people. constitutional provisions to address its

adverse effects(hindi pina-prioritize)
Special events ● The weakness of potential
countervailing forces against political
Such as childbirth, pregnancy, menstrual period, dynasties.(konti lang ang gumagawa ng
or breastfeeding. actions)
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Political Behavior and Phenomena

➢ In sociology, these include events
through which authority, governance,
and public opinion are put into practice.

Political Behavior

➢ Shows how a person or a group

has/have been influenced by political
views, ideologies, and levels of political
participation.
Lesson 3 : Social, Cultural, and
Political Behavior and Example: Act of Voting

Phenomena Political Phenomena

➢ These are not only limited to public

Social Behavior and Phenomena
offices as these also include how
➢ These are broad and complicated institutions like schools. churches, or
sociological concepts. companies are ran and governed.
➢ These involve every event between at
least two individuals and include all
knowledge and experiences a person
Examples of Political Behavior and
acquires in the entirety of his or her
Phenomena:
lifetime.
● Election - It is the formal and organized
Social Phenomena process of electing or being elected,

➢ These are the individual, external, and especially of members of a political

social constructions that influence a body or legislative body.

person’s life and development. ● Political Dynasty - A term used in

politics to refer to a family in which
Examples of Social Behavior and several members are involved in public
Phenomena: governance.
● Political Candidates Endorsement by a
● Food Taboos
Celebrity - When a political candidate
● Istambay
seeks the help of an influential
● Marriage - It is the legal and formal
personality in a campaign.
union of a man and a woman as partners
in a relationship.
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These behaviors, be they usual or not, are

Cultural Behavior and Phenomena natural responses to changes and
ideologies developing within society as
Cultural Behavior
a result of constant interactions
➢ Also known as the bandwagon effect between its members.
➢ An event where certain individuals
behave a certain way merely because
other persons do as well.

Cultural Phenomena

➢ Happens when something or someone

gains widespread popularity.

Cultural phenomenon is not the subject

but rather the process of becoming
famous.

Examples of Cultural Behavior and

Phenomena:

● Popularity (Fan Base) - The state of

being liked, admired, or supported by
many people.

Formation of fan bases is a clear manifestation

of popularity.

● Social Media Buzz - Social networking

sites where many people are members
and interact with other members
through information, picture, music, and
video sharing.

Interactions within Society

Social, political, and cultural behaviors and
phenomena in the society are results of
interactions within society.

People *talk and share stories. People *share

ways of living among other things. People *do
things together and *work for the attainment of
the common good and social order.