Lesson 10:

THE POLITICAL SELF

Mark Angelo R. Rada
 Philippine History Timeline

• 1521-1898 The Spanish regime.

The Philippines was considered independent but

• 1898-1945 still in the influenced of Americans.
When the Japanese empire attempted to
• 1942-1945
colonize Philippines.

The colonization extremely affects the foundation of Filipino

identity and culture.
Values and traits may not always be a positive thing, but being
able to identify one’s self apart from other nationalities and
point out weaknesses and mistakes, paired with unity and
commitment, make progress a possibility. Through common
goals, principles, and values of its people, a nation empowers
itself.

WHO IS A
FILIPINO?
THE MODES OF ACQUIRING PHILIPPINE CITIZENSHIP:
1. Filipino by Birth
a. Jus soli (right of soil) – legal principle that a person’s nationality at birth
is determined by the place of birth.
b. Jus sanguinis (right of blood) – legal principle that, at birth, an individual
acquires the nationality of his/her natural parent/s. The Philippine adheres to this
principle.

2. Filipino by naturalization – judicial act of adopting a foreigner and clothing him

with the privileges of a native-born citizen. It implies the renunciation of a
former nationality and the fact of entrance into a similar relation towards a new
body politic.

Citizenship is not only the marker of being a Filipino. Culture and history have
greatly influenced the manner Filipinos learn, live, and behave to date.
Generations after generations, common traits and values have been passed on
that Filipinos of today still embody.
FILIPINO VALUES AND
TRAITS
The Filipino Hospitality
Filipinos treat the guests and tourists as their own brothers and sisters by
making them feel at home.

Respect for Elders

The set of gestures that accompanied by the “po”/“opo” of the young
Filipinos towards elderly. Forgetting address older people properly will regard them
as rude or impolte.
Ate/Kuya, Manong/Manang/Aling, Tito/Tita, Ante/Ankol, Lola/Lolo that can
be used to refer other people outside the family.

Close Family Ties

Filipinos maintain a tight relationship with their families regardless if the
children are old enough and already have families of their own. The close
connection to each other is observed during occasions, fiestas, reunions, etc.
Nursing homes are almost not an option for family members and choose to
take care of their elders themselves.
They live in a big house, or even small.
Cheerful Personality
Filipinos have a habit of smiling and
laughing a lot, these have been the coping strategy
for many Filipinos especially in the times of
challenges.

Self- Sacrifice
The extension of Filipino hospitality. Filipinos
extend help to friends, family, and loved ones.

Bayanihan
The spirit of communal unity and
cooperation of Filipinos. It is also about giving
without expecting something in return.
This trait is manifested in how Filipinos rally
themselves to send aid to those who are severely
affected by natural calamities.
“Bahala Na” Attitude
A counterpart of “Hakuna Matata” meaning “no worries”
in Congo, Kenya, Uganda.
It was said that it was originated from the phrase
“Bathala na” meaning, you put everything to God’s hands. This
is viewed as something similar to the cheerful and positive
attitude of Filipinos and allowing situations take care of
themselves instead of worrying about them.

Colonial Mentality
The lack of patriotism and the attitude where Filipinos
favor foreign products more than their own. It extends on the
desire to look more foreign than local as preference.

Mañana Habit
A Filipino term for procrastination, derived from “Mamaya
na” that means dawdling things, which could have been done at
an earlier time. It is a poor habit of laziness that results in
heavier workloads.
According to Maggay (1993), when that interpretation to Filipino
behavior and values, it would mean negatively. Filipinos are
casual and relaxed towards time and space—compulsive and poor
time management. She found that this behavior is passed by our
ancestors before Philippines became the Philippines.

“…mañana is really the indigenous instinct for time as an event, or

an occasion: we do things as they come, as they present
themselves in season, and not because the time-piece says so.
The farmer wakes at dawn to work and stops way before mid-day
because the sun gets too hot for working. The fisherman goes to
fish according to the movement of the tide and cycles of the moon.
We begin when we are ready and end when we are finished.
…This sense of time as organic, as belonging to the natural
rhythms of life as it is experienced instinctively by rural folk…”

“… is a perfectly healthy instinct that has been lost by those of us

who are Westernized enough to have adjusted to the linear
inexonerability of the clock as a way of organizing life.”
Ningas Kugon
Ningas = Flame
Kugon = Cogon grass that easily burns after it is put into flames.
Ningas kugon refers to an attitude of eagerly starting things but quickly losing
eagerness soon after experiencing difficulty.

Pride
Most Filipinos hold on to their pride as if they are more precious than keeping a
good relationship and loved ones. When two parties are not in good terms, they find it so
hard to apologize and wait until other party asks for an apology first.

Crab Mentality
A toxic trait among Filipinos where one resents the achievement of another, instead
of feeling happy for that person.
Filipinos should change this problematic attitude and focus more on the personal
inadequacies to improve the self.

Filipino Time
Arriving late at commitments, class, dinner, or parties, especially if they are meeting
someone close to them.
 FILIPINO MARKERS

The constant reminders of our nationality:

A. Proverbs (Salawikain) – are sayings that convey lessons and reflections on
Filipino practices, beliefs, and traditions.
Damiana Eugenio, the Mother of Philippines Folklore classified proverbs into six
categories (Eugenio, 2000):
1. Proverbs expressing a general attitude toward life and the laws that govern life;
2. Ethical proverbs recommending certain virtues and condemning certain vices;
3. Proverbs expressing a system of values; kapag may tiyaga, may nilaga.
4. Proverbs expressing general truths and observations about life and human
nature;
5. Humorous proverbs; and
6. Miscellaneous proverbs
 FILIPINO MARKERS

The constant reminders of our nationality:

B. Superstitions

C. Myths and Legends – the beyond imagination’s stories that aim to explain the origins of things, at the
same time teach a valuable lesson. These stories stremmed in pre-Christianity period.

D. Heroes and Icons – Filipinos who allotted their lives for the sake of the country’s freedom and progress.

National Heroes Day

 HOW TO BE A GOOD FILIPINO?

1. Be an active Filipino Citizen.

2. Study the Philippine History.

3. Support Local products.

4. Speak the Filipino Language.

5. Do not spread fakes news and be democratic in engaging with

dissent.
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lesson 11: THE DIGITAL SELF

Mark Angelo R. Rada

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DIGITAL SELF

It has only been 25 years since Tim Berners-Lee made the World Wide Web available to the public, but in
that time, the internet has already become an integral part of everyday life for most of the world’s
population.
How do you use social media?
• It guides social interaction (Peters & Reveley, 2015) where its consumers bridge the real world and
virtual world (Levinson, 2011).
Social media is an avenue of self-expression.

Online Identity – the sum of all our characteristics and our interactions
Partial Identity – the subset of characteristics that make up our identity
Persona – the partial identity we create that represents ourselves in a specific situation.
Digital self – an expressed aspect of the self through online interaction.
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SELECTIVE SELF-REPRESENTATION AND IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT

• Goffman (1959) and Leary (1995) defined self-representation is the process of controlling how one is perceived by the other people and
is the key to relationship inception and development (Alata et al., 2018). An individual may tend to select an information that is favorable
to him/herself in response to other’s feedback.

• Personal Identity – an interpersonal level of self that characterizes an individual as unique from others.
• Social Identity - the level of the self whereby the individual is identified by his/her group memberships.

• Anything posted online should be considered public no matter what our privacy settings are.

• Belk (2013) explained that sharing ourselves is no longer new and has been practiced as soon as human beings were formed.
• Digital devices help us share information broadly, more than ever before. A 49 % rate of social media usage are now playing an
important part of self-representation.

• Researchers are now concerned with the active managing one’s identity in the following domains.

• Oversharing – a phenomenon of sharing information to extent a person is unconsciously unaware of which only information shall be
published online.

• People forget to delineate what can be shared online and what should not. Furthermore, it provides a more complete narration of self
and gives people an idealized view of how they would like to be remembered by others (van Dijck, 2008).
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SELECTIVE SELF-REPRESENTATION AND IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT

Many teenagers as well as adults share even their intimate details with their partners like their passwords (Gershon,
2010). This could be an ultimate act of intimacy and trust or the ultimate expression of paranoia and distrust with the
partner.
The lack of privacy in many aspects of social media make the users more vulnerable, leading to compulsively checking
newsfeeds and continually adding tweets and postings in order to appear active and interesting, this called a “fear of
missing out”.
Disinhibition effect - the reason why a person disclose information about the self is because of limited face-to-face
interaction, plus feelings of anonymity and invisibility that social media provide.
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Republic Act 10173 otherwise known as DATA PRIVACY ACT OF 2012

It is a policy of the State to protect the fundamental human right of privacy, of communication while
ensuring free flow of information to promote innovation and growth. The State recognizes the vital role of
information and communication technology in nation-building and its inherent obligation to ensure that
personal information in information and communication systems in the government and in the private
sector are secured and protected. Personal information in this context refers to any information, whether
recorded in a material form or not, from which the identity of an individual is apparent or can be
reasonably and directly ascertained by the entity holding the information, or when put together with
other information would directly and certainly identify an individual.
Social media platforms are the ways to express the feelings and emotions and
experiences we have. We also get here the same because of the shared contents of
our social media friends. Relationships made stronger or broken through online posts.

Some people find social media an opportunity to confess. Foucault (1978, 1998)
confessing our secret truths feels freeing, even as it binds us in a guilt-motivated self-
governance born of a long history of Christian and pre-Christian philosophies and
power structures.

Confession, along with contemplation, self-examination, learning, reading, and writing

self-critical letters to friends, are a part of “the technologies of the self” through which
we seek to purge and cleanse ourselves.
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THE CONSUMPTION OF SOCIAL MEDIA

• It can help increase the self-esteem

• Lift up the mood

• Can promote positivity

• Can enlighten a mind

• Can entertain

• Facilitate social engagements

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THE CONSUMPTION OF SOCIAL MEDIA

HOWEVER,
• Source of disinformation
• Avenue for a cybercrime
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The Guidelines of Social Media Usage Safe Gmail Images

• Stick to safer websites

• Guard your passwords
• Limit what you share publicly
• Remember that anything you share online is forever, even if you try to delete it
• Do not embarrass or mean with other people online
• Always tell if you see strange or bad behavior online
• Be choosy about your online friends
• Be patient
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DIGITAL SELF Gmail Images

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