Professional Documents
Culture Documents
QNJRG\DQF DXXNHBDPBNI
\CQ\N@SHB@N @C JD QSLJBHDHB
QSLJBHDHBNI
NI NOBHBDJ @C JD DMC\BHDI QNJRG\DQF DXXNHBDPBNI
P\D@SHB@N DJ CXQDÔNJ QN\ DS\D M. P\CEN R DB@D I. WBXC D\BDX
8.4. @chjdrdhbøi `c Qrbihbpbns Sid cvdjudhbøi pnjbgräobhd, hudi`n cs dpjbhd`d hnrrchtdmcitc pnr ui
cxdmbid`nr hnmpctcitc y lbci hdpdhbtd`n, fdhbci`n usn `c pruclds vdjb`d`ds y prntnhnjns `c diäjbsbs,
cs cj mc`bn mds prchbsn hninhb`n pnr jd hbcihbd pdrd `ctcrmbidr jd vcrdhb`d` `c uid pcrsnid. D obi `c
prnmnvcr jns mds djtns ibvcjcs `c prchbsbøi, jd DQD fd cstdljchb`n pdrd sus dobjbd`ns jns sbgubcitcs
Cstäi`drcs `c Qrdhtbhd. D`cmäs `c cstn, cs nljbgdtnrbn quc tn`ns jns cxämcics scdi hni`uhb`ns ci
humpjbmbcitn `c jds rcgjdmcitdhbnics y jcycs `c jds dutnrb`d`cs jnhdjcs, cstdtdjcs y oc`crdjcs.
8.< . Hnihcptns
8.<.4. Cxämcics `c Cvb`cihbd Sid cvdjudhbøi Qnjbgräobhd, quc `c dhucr`n dj prnpøsbtn hnivcib`n y
cxprcsd`n pnr cshrbtn pnr jds pdrtcs bivnjuhrd`ds, tbcic hnmn obidjb`d` prnpnrhbnidr jd npbibøi
`bdginstbhd `cj cxdmbid`nr hnmn cvb`cihbd ci ui prnhc`bmbcitn eu`bhbdj ci hursn. In tbcic hnmn
nlectbvn cvbtdr d`mbsbnics hnmn cvb`cihbd `c uid hniocsbøi nltcib`d `urditc jd dpjbhdhbøi `cj cxdmci.
8.<.<. Cxämcics Qdrcd`ns Xni dqucjjns cxämcics pnjbgräobhns hni`uhb`ns ci grupns `c `ns n mds
bi`bvb`uns, hni rcjdhbøi d ui õibhn tcmd ci pdrtbhujdr, ci cj quc tn`ns jns cxdmbid`ns `clci cstdr ci
hninhbmbcitn `c jd vcr`d`. Cstns cxämcics sni hnivcib`ns vnjuitdrbdmcitc citrc jds pdrtcs y su
obidjb`d` cs rcsnjvcr sbtudhbnics cspchíobhds ci uid `bsputd. Jns Cxämcics Qdrcd`ns `clci scr dpjbhd`ns
lden jns mbsmns cstäi`drcs `c jns Cxämcics `c Cvb`cihbd.
8.<.0. Jds Pâhibhds _djb`d`ds pdrd cxämcics pnjbgräobhns sni dqucjjds `c jds hudjcs cxbstc ui hucrpn `c
cstu`bns puljbhd`ns y rcpjbhd`ns `cmnstrdi`n uid prchbsbøi prnmc`bn `c5
8.<.0.4. Bgudj n supcrbnr d 21% pdrd cxämcics `c cvb`cihbd, cxhjuyci`n rcsujtd`ns bihnihjusns jns
hudjcs in puc`ci cxhc`cr ui <1%.
8.<.0.<. Bgudj n supcrbnr d 6?% pdrd cxämcics pdr
pdrcd`ns,
cd`ns, cxhjuyci`n rcsujtd`ns bihnihjusns
bihnihjusns jns hudjcs
in puc`ci cxhc`cr ui <1%.
8.<.0.8. Bgudj n supcrbnr d 61% pdrd cxämcics
cxämcics bivcstbgdtb
bivcstbgdtbvns,
vns, cxhjuyci`n rcsuj
rcsujtd`ns
td`ns bihnihjusns jns
hudjcs in puc`ci cxhc`cr ui <1%.
8.<.3. Cxdmci Qnjbgräobhn Cspchbobhn cs ui cxdmci `c tcmd õibhn, gcicrdjmcitc dpjbhd`n euitn hni ui
prnhcsn bivcstbgdtbvn.
8.<.?. Cstäi`drcs `c Qrdhtbhd sni jns prbihbpbns gcicrdjcs dhcptd`ns pdrd jd onrmd mcenr y mds
dprnpbd`d onrmd `c dpjbhdr uid prucld pnjbgräobhd. Jd nlscrvdihbd y cj humpjbmbcitn `c cstns prbihbpbns
cs ui rcqubsbtn nljbgdtnrbn ci jd d`mbibstrdhbøi, cj diäjbsbs, jd `nhumcitdhbøi y cj rcpnrtc `c jns
rcsujtd`ns `c jd cvdjudhbøi pnjbgräobhd. Tuc`d cstdljchb`n quc cstns cstäi`drcs sni nljbgdtnrbns y su
bihumpjbmbcitn cstd suectn d sdihbnics.
8.<.7. Nrbcitdhbnics Gcicrdjcs sni dqucjjds prähtbhds rchnmci`d`ds pdrd jd d`mbibstrdhbøi, cj diäjbsbs,
jd `nhumcitdhbøi y cj rcpnrtc `c jns rcsujtd`ns `c jd cvdjudhbøi pnjbgräobhd. Xc `bocrcihbdi `c jns
cstäi`drcs `c prähtbhds ci quc in tbcici hdrähtcr nljbgdtnrbn pcrn sni rchnmci`dhbnics n guíds pdrd
uid mcenr prähtbhd `c jd pnjbgrdoíd. @citrn `c jns cstäi`drcs `c prähtbhd, jds nrbcitdhbnics sni
onrmujd`ds cxpjíhbtdmcitc hnmn rchnmci`dhbnics.
rchnmci`dhbnics.
8.8.<. Jds cvdjudhbnics `c Cvb`cihbd fdi `c scr hni`uhb`ds pnr mbcmlrns hni hdtcgnríd Oujj n Dsnhbd`ns.
8.8.8. Jds cvdjudhbnics `c Prdisgrcsnrcs Xcxudjcs hnmn rcqubsbtn `c trdtdmbcitn, jblcrtd` hni`bhbnidj n
lden pdjdlrd, fdi `c scr hni`uhb`ds pnr mbcmlrns hni uid hdpdhbtdhbøi cspchbdjbzd`d, `c dhucr`n hni
jds nrbcitdhbnics hnitcib`ds ci jd schhbøi 8.44.
8.8.0. Hudi`n scd dpjbhdljc, cj cxdmbid`nr pnjbgräobhn `clc tcicr dj `íd jbhcihbds n hcrtbobhd`ns cxbgb`ns
pnr jd nrgdibzdhbøi quc rcgujc su eurbs`bhhbøi.
8.8.3. Cs nljbgdtnrbn pdrd jns cxdmbid`nrcs mnstrdr hni cxdhtbtu` su hdtcgnríd `c mcmlrcsíd ci jd DQD,
sus hrc`cihbdjcs dhd`âmbhds, jbhcihbd y stdtus `c hcrtbobhdhb
hcrtbobhdhbøi.
øi.
8.0.4. Cj
suectn cxdmbid`nr
d cxdmbidr cstä pdrd
cs dptn nljbgd`n d rcdjbzdrCstd
scr cvdjud`n. tn`ns jns csoucrzns
pcrmbtb`n d su djhdihc
jcgdjmcitc pdrd cstdljchcr
y `clc fdhcrsc quc cj
uid bi`dgdhbøi
läsbhd rcjdhbnid`d hni jds hni`bhbnics mc`bhds y psbhnjøgbhds `cj cxdmbid`n. Xu hnisumn rchbcitc `c
oärmdhns y `rngds, jds hni`bhbnics
hni`bhbnics mc`bhds, oísbhds y mcitdjcs `cj cxdmbid`n quc sc puc`di nlscrvdr n
quc scdi `cj hninhbmbcitn `cj cxdmbid`nr, `clci scr hnisb`crd`ds ci jd dpjbhdhbøi y cvdjudhbøi `c jd
prucld.
8.0.<. Ci dqucjjns hdsns `ni`c jd jcy jn pcrmbtd, cj cxdmbid`nr cstd nljbgd`n d prcguitdrjc dj suectn
cxdmbid`n, `urditc jd citrcvbstd prc cxdmci, sb fd hnisujtd`n hni ui mc`bhn, fd cstd`n n cstd lden
trdtdmbcitn pnr rdznics mc`bhds, psbhnjøgbhds n sbqubätrbhds.
8.0.8. Hudi`n cj cxdmbid`nr tcigd uid `u`d rdznidljc ci huditn d jd hdpdhb`d` `cj suectn cxdmbid`n
`c rcdjbzdr cj cxdmci pnjbgräobhn ci hni`bhbnics scgurds, `clcrä snjbhbtdr uid dutnrbzdhbøi `cj
8.3.4.4. Jns pdtrnics `c rcspbrdhbøi quc quc`di rcgbstrd`ns hni jns hnmpnicitcs `cj icumngrdon. Cj
rcgbstrn Pnrähbhn y Dl`nmbidj `clc rcdjbzdrsc pnr scpdrd`n utbjbzdi`n `ns hnmpnicitcs `cj
icumngrdon.
8.3.4.<. Jd dhtbvb`d` cjchtrn `ârmbhd quc rcojced hdmlbns rcjdtbvns ci jd hni`uhtdihbd n rcsbstcihbd `c jd
hnrrbcitc ci jd cpb`crmbs.
8.3.4.8. Cj rcgbstrn hdr`bnvdshujdr `c jns hdmlbns ci rdtd y dmpjbtu` `cj pujsn, dsí hnmn jns hdmlbns
rcjdtbvns ci cj vnjumci hbrhujdtnrbn.
8.3.4.3. Tuc`drd pcrmbtb`n cj rcgbstrn `c ntrd `dtd obsbnjøgbhd `urditc jd prucld pcrn in pn`rä scr
utbjbzd`d hnmn ui hrbtcrbn pdrd `ctcrmbidr jd vcrdhb`d` n cj cigdôn `cj suectn cxdmbid`n, d mcins quc
cstd `dtd fdyd sb`n vdjb`d`d ci bivcstbgdhbnics yd vdjb`d`ds y rcpjbhd`ds.
8.3.<. Jns rcgbstrns obsbnjøgbhns `urditc hd`d cxdmci sc fdräi ci onrmd hnitbiud y su dmpjbtu` `clc
pcrmbtbr uid jchturd oähbj tditn pdrd cj cxdmbid`nr quc dpjbhd jd prucld hnmn pdrd ui cxdmbid`nr quc
dhtõc ci hdjb`d` `c rcvbsnr. Xc hnisb`crdi d`chud`ns jns trdzns `cj hdr`bøgrdon y icumngrdon `c dj
mcins 4/< n uid pujgd`d `c dmpjbtu`.
8.?.<. Xc prnfílc d cxdmbid`nrcs quc d`mbibstrdi pruclds pnjbgräobhds pdrd scr nlscrvd`ds ci põljbhn
cmbtbr npbibnics rcjdhbnid`ds hni jd vcrdhb`d` `cj cxdmbid`n ldsäi`nsc ci `bhfd cvdjudhbøi. Xc
rchnmbci`d d jns cxdmbid`nrcs gdrditbzdr quc jds sbmujdhbnics `c cxämcics pnjbgräobhns scdi
citci`b`ds hnmn tdjcs pnr jns nlscrvd`nrcs.
nlscrvd`nrcs. Ci dqucjjns hdsns ci jns quc
quc cj cxdmbid`nr `ctcrmbic quc
jd sbmujdhbøi in fd sb`n citci`b`d hnmn tdj, `clcrä intbobhdr `c bimc`bdtn d jd Nobhbid Idhbnidj `c jd
DQD.
8.7 Qrcpdrdhbøi
8.7.4. Ditcs `c jd dpjbhdhbøi `c jd prucld cs nljbgdhbøi `cj cxdmbid`nr `c`bhdr cj tbcmpn ichcsdrbn pdrd
b`citbobhdr tcmds, dsuitns n hudjqubcr prnljcmd pntcihbdj quc pu`bcrd surgbr ci ärcds rcjdhbnid`ds hni
jd cvdjudhbøi quc sc vd d prdhtbhdr.
8.6.8. Cs nljbgdtnrbn cmpjcdr suobhbcitc tbcmpn `urditc jd citrcvbstd prc tcst d obi `c gdrditbzdr quc cj
cxdmbid`n djhdihc ui hninhbmbcitn rdznidljc `cj prnhcsn pnjbgräobhn y `c jd ichcsb`d` `c su
hnjdlnrdhbøi.
8.6.0. Cs `c hdrähtcr nljbgdtnrbn cmpjcdr tbcmpn suobhbcitc pdrd `bshutbr hni cj cxdmbid`n jns tcmds quc
vdi d scr cvdjud`ns pcrmbtbâi`njc uid cxpjbhdhbøi dmpjbd ci sus rcspucstds.
8.6.3. Cs `c hdrähtcr nljbgdtnrbn cmpjcdr tbcmpn suobhbcitc pdrd dscgurdr quc cj suectn cxdmbid`n
rchninhc y citbci`c hd`d prcguitd y quc cj sbgibobhd`n `c jds prcguitds cs cj mbsmn dhcptd`n pnr cj
cxdmbid`nr. Xc `clci icutrdjbzdr dqucjjns bitcitns `c rdhbnidjbzdr pnr pdrtc `cj suectn cxdmbid`n. Jds
prcguitds quc sc utbjbzdrdi ci cj cxdmci fdi `c scr onrmujd`ds `c tdj mdicrd quc bmpb`di d ui
bi`bvb`un ci usn `c tn`ds sus odhujtd`cs, ciorcitd`n d uid sbtudhbøi trdshci`citc, utbjbzdr hni âxbtn ui
prnhcsn `c rdhbnidjbzdhbøi.
8.6.?. Ditcs `c fdlcr hnmpjctd`n cj prnhcsn `c cvdjudhbøi, cj cxdmbid`nr cstä nljbgd`n d in cxprcsdr n
`cmnstrdr ci onrmd djguid pdrhbdjbzdhbøi n scsgn ci rcjdhbøi d jd vcrdhb`d` `cj cxdmbid`n.
8.2 Cvdjudhbøi
8.2.4. Si cxdmbid`nr pnjbgräobhn quc scd mbcmlrn `c jd DQD cstä nljbgd`n d utbjbzdr tâhibhds `c cxdmci
vdjb`d`ds. In jc cstäi pcrmbtb`ds jds `csvbdhbnics `cj prntnhnjn cstdljchb`n pdrd uid tâhibhd vdjb`d`d.
Ci dqucjjns hdsns ci quc sc prn`uzhdi djtcrdhbnics cstds `clci scr bionrmd`ds y eustbobhd`ds pnr
cshrbtn.
8.2.8. Qdrd jd rcsnjuhbøi `c tcmds n dsuitns cspchíobhns `clc utbjbzdrsc uid tâhibhd `clb`dmcitc
vdjb`d`d.
8.2.3. Cs mdtcrbd nljbgdtnrbd mditcicr ui cqubjblrbn ci jds prcguitds ci huditn d su cxtcisbøi y oucrzd.
8.2.?. Cj cxdmbid`nr tbcic jd nljbgdhbøi `c hnrrcr uid hditb`d` suobhbcitc `c grdobhds d obi `c rchdldr jd
bionrmdhbøi ichcsdrbd pdrd uid cvdjudhbøi hnrrchtd, `c dhucr`n hni jns rcqubsbtns `c jd tâhibhd
utbjbzd`d.
8.2.7. Jns cstäi`drcs prc cstdljchb`ns in tbcici hnmn nlectbvn bmpc`br cj usn `c tâhibhds `c cvdjudhbøi
iucvds y sbi vdjb`dr, sbcmprc y hudi`n cstn sc fdgd hni cj prnpøsbtn `c bivcstbgdhbøi hbcitíobhd.
8.2.6. Xc `clc nlscrvdr y humpjbr hni jd mdrhdhbøi cstdi`drbzd`d `c jds grdobhds, jd hudj fd sb`n
rchninhb`d y utbjbzd`d ci jd prähtbhd pnjbgräobhd.
8.2.2. Cs rcqubsbtn nljbgdtnrbn jd grdldhbøi ci du`bn y vb`cn tditn ci cj prc tcst hnmn ci jds `bstbitds
odscs `c jd dpjbhdhbøi `c jd prucld. @bhfd grdldhbøi quc`drd drhfbvd`d euitn hni cj rcstn `c `dtns
hnjchtd`ns pnr cj jdpsn `c tbcmpn quc cxbgc cxbgc jd jcy. Ci Cvdjudhbnics
Cvdjudhbnics `c Cvb`cihbd y Cvdjudhbnics
Cvdjudhbnics
Qdrcd`ds sc drhfbvdrdi `urditc dj mcins ui dôn. Ci cxämcics QHXNP sc rchnmbci`d jd grdldhbøi `c
du`bn y vb`cn.
8.2.41. Cj cxdmbid`nr pnjbgräobhn quc scd mbcmlrn `c jd DQD tci`rä prnfblb`n cxhc`crsc ci jd
dpjbhdhbøi `c mds `c hudtrn Cxämcics Bivcstbgdtbvns y trcs Cxämcics `c Cvb`cihbd pnr `íd. Xnjn ci
hbrhuistdihbds muy rdrds y cxhcphbnidjcs pn`ríd eustbobhdrsc cj jcvditdmbcitn `c cstd inrmdtbvd.
8.41 Hdjbobhdhbnics
8.41.4 Cs `c hdrähtcr nljbgdtnrbn pdrd cj cxdmbid`nr, oui`dmcitdr sus hnihjusbnics ci puitdecs
huditbtdtbvns n iumârbhns pdrd tn`ds jns Cxämcics `c Cvb`cihbd c bivcstbgdhbnics `c tbpn cspchbobhn. Xc
utbjbzdrdi mâtn`ns `c cvdjudhbøi y inrmds
inrmds `c `chbsbøi vdjb`d`ds ci bivcstbgdhbnics
bivcstbgdhbnics pulj
puljbhd`ds
bhd`ds y
rcpjbhd`ds ci jds quc sc fdyd hnmprnld`n su vdjb`cz y hniobdlbjb`d` pdrd ui `ctcrmbid`n tbpn `c
cxdmci.
8.41.<. Jds dintdhbnics quc fdyd fchfn cj cxdmbid`nr `urditc jd prucld fdi `c tcicr suobhbcitc
hjdrb`d` y prchbsbøi pdrd pcrmbtbr uid jchturd oähbj pnr ntrn cxdmbid`nr.
8.41.8. Jns cxdmbid`nrcs tbcici prnfblb`n citrcgdr rcsujtd`ns `c uid prucld ditcs `c quc cstd fdyd
sb`n hdjbobhd`d y cvdjud`d.
8.41.0. Jns cxdmbid`nrcs cstäi nljbgd`ns d mditcicr y rcspctdr jd hniob`cihbdjb`d` `c jds cvdjudhbnics
quc jcs fdydi sb`n hniobd`ds. In pn`rä `bvujgdr id`d rcjdtbvn dj hdsn fdstd in nltcicr uid dutnrbzdhbøi
`cj hjbcitc.
8.41.3. Hudi`n ui cxdmbid`nr scd nlectn `c ui prnhcsn `c hnitrnj `c hdjb`d` quc`d nljbgd`n d
prnpnrhbnidr tn`d jd bionrmdhbøi bmpnrtditc rcjdhbnid`d hni cj hdsn ci rcvbsbøi. Hudjqubcr `u`d
hnisb`crd`d rcjcvditc `clc quc`dr dhjdrd`d mc`bditc jd citrcgd `c bionrmdhbøi.
8.44.4. Jns cxdmbid`nrcs quc d`mbibstrdi cxämcics QXHNP cstäi nljbgd`ns d humpjbr hni jns
pdrämctrns
jns sbgubcitcscstdljchb`ns ci jns Cstäi`drcs `c Qrdhtbhd pdrd jns cxdmbics `c Bivcstbgdhbøi dsí hnmn hni
cstäi`drcs nljbgdtnrbns
8.44.<. Hdpdhbtdhbøi Míibmd Qdrd dqucjjns quc d`mbibstrdi cxämcics d trdisgrcsnrcs scxudjcs, sc
rcqubcrc ui míibmn `c 01 fnrds `c bistruhhbøi cspchbdjbzd`d hnmn hnmpjcmcitn d su hdpdhbtdhbøi
läsbhd pdrd nltcicr uid hcrtbobhdhbøi
hcrtbobhdhbøi ci citrcidmbcitn cspchbdjbzd`n
cspchbdjbzd`n QXHNP dprnld`n pnr jd DQD.
8.44.0. Drhfbvn `c jns Cxämcics Cshrbtns Jns bistruhtnrcs `cj hursn QXHNP cstäi nljbgd`ns
nljbgd`ns d hniscrvdr
uid hnpbd `cj cxdmci obidj cshrbtn.
cshrbtn. Dj hnmpjctdr jds 01 fnrds `cj hurs hursn,
n, jns bistruhtnrcs dpjbh
dpjbhdrdi
drdi cj
cxdmci obidj d dqucjjns cstu`bditcs quc hdjbobquci pdrd cstn. Sid vcz rcdjbzd`ns cstns cxämcics, sc
civbdrdi d jd Nobhbid Idhbnidj `c jd DQD pdrd jd vcrbobhdhbøi `c jds hdjbobhdhbnics.
8.44.3. \cqubsbtns `c Grdldhbøi Pn`ns jns cxämcics pnjbgräobhns `c QXHNP prc prcscitd`ns
scitd`ns pdrd ui hnitrnj
`c hdjb`d` `clci hnitdr hni uid grdldhbøi hnmpjctd ci du`bn y vb`cn. Cj cxdmbid`nr quc d`mbibstrø cj
cxdmci cstd nljbgd`n d citrcgdr `bhfds grdldhbnics hudi`n scdi snjbhbtd`ds pdrd ui hnitrnj `c hdjb`d`.
@c bgudj onrmd y tdj hnmn quc`d cstdljchb`n pnr jcy, tn`d `dtd obsbnjøgbhd `c jd cvdjudhbøi fd `c quc`dr
gudr`d`d hnmn pdrtc `cj drhfbvn `c jd prucld, pnr ui pjdzn `c ui dôn hnmn míibmn.
8.44.?. Hniojbhtns `c
`c Bitcrcscs Jns cxdmbid`nrc
cxdmbid`nrcss `c QXHNP quc dj mbsmn tbcmpn dhtõdi hnmn hnmn
tcrdpcutds, in cstäi dutnrbzd`ns pdrd d`mbibstrdr cxämcics pnjbgräobhns d qubcics cstâi `brchtdmcitc
lden su trdtdmbcitn n supcrvbsbøi.
8.44.7. Dqucjjns cxdmbid`nrcs `c QXHNP qubcics dj mbsmn tbcmpn dhtõci ci hdpdhb`d` `c Nobhbdjcs `c
jblcrtd` hni`bhbnidj, in cstäi dutnrbzd`ns d d`mbibstrdr cxämcics `c pnjígrdon d bi`bvb`uns lden su
supcrvbsbøi `brchtd n bi`brchtd.