Ahsk 3: Dgekmsgóm sicghn

Wudy Qgvghmh Lhvgrgh Lhrcåh

Códgli: 86;717288<

Cursi:

Vriykcti dk vgdh
26660Y;8

Vrkskmthdi h: Dirghm
h: Dirghm Nópkz @kjhrhmi

[MGQKPSGDHD MHCGIMHN H@GKPTH W H DGSTHMCGH –  [MHD

 [MHD
KSC[KNH DK CGKMCGHS @HSGCHS TÇCMINILGH K GMLKMGKPÅH
VPILPHEH DK GMLKMGKPÅH GMD[STPGHN
J[NGI 0606
 

  ¹Cóei kn tkmkr um Vnhm dk Qgdh cimtrg`uyk h cimstrugr ksckmhrgis dk gdkmtgdhd

gmdgvgduhn y cinkctgvis9

Gdkmtgdhd gmdgvgduhn

Kn pnhm dk vgdh prgekri quk tidi ek pkregtk dktkregmhr qugçm siy, ciei bk kvinucgimhdi,
quk krrirks bk ciektgdi km kn phshdi, ciei kstiy vgvgkmdi km kn prkskmtk y ciei ek
vgsuhngzi km um auturi.
Ks dk lrhm gepirthmcgh sh`kr kstis cimckptis hmtkrgirks yh quk sim nh `hsk phrh ni quk viy
h pnhsehr km eg pnhm dk vgdh, dk ehmkrh gmdgvgduhn ek pkregtk ehtkrghngzhr egs ekths dk
umh aireh eès cimcrkth, yh quk tkmgkmdi cnhri h dimdk qugkri nnklhr, ks eès aècgn phrh eg
tiehr dkcgsgimks yh quk viy h dktkmkrek h pkmshr km quk vh h hakcthr ksh sgtuhcgóm eg
auturi.

Kn pnhm dk vgdh ek pkregtk hmhngzhr y i`skrvhr nhs èrkhs eès vunmkrh`nks dk eg vgdh y
sh`gkmdi cuhnks sim ksths viy h crkhr y pnhmtkhr i`jktgvis quk ek pkregthm ekjirhr km
dgcbis ksckmhrgis dk eg skr

Cim `hsk km tidi ni hmtkrgir ks quk kn pnhm dk vgdh ek hyudh h nh cimstruccgóm dk eg

gdkmtgdhd ciei pkrsimh.
Gdkmtgdhd cinkctgvh.

Wh ciei phrtk dk umh cieumgdhd, crkhr um pnhm dk vgdh cieumgthrgi ks kskmcghn phrh quk
umh sicgkdhd cgvgn nnkluk h sus ekths y i`jktgvis pnhsehdis.

Vrgekri quk tidi ks dktkmkrmis um eiekmti y pkmshr cóei vheis, sg nhs kstrhtklghs
utgngzhdhs kstèm sgkmdi hcirdks h nis i`jktgvis quk nh cieumgdhd km lkmkrhn `usch, cirthr dk
rhåz nhs pinåtgchs y/u i`jktgvis quk `kmkagcgkm h umis picis.

Nukli dk kstk hmèngsgs pnhmtkhr umh ektidinilåh cnhrh y prkcgsh phrh hnchmzhr nhs ekths

 pnhmtkhdhs, i`skrvhmdi
dk nh cgvgngzhcgóm, prgekri
gdkhmdi quk tidi
y bhcgkmdi nhs ehyirks
ehpnhmks
rkhngdhd yirks quk
pri`nkeètgchs i pumtis
ekjirkm kshs dk gmankxgóm
ahnkmcghs y quk nhs
 `hsks dk ksth sicgkdhd skhm agreks.
agreks .

Ni eès gepirthmtk km kn pnhm dk vgdh cieumgthrgi ks quk tidhs nhs pkrsimhs gmvinucrhdhs km
çn hpirtkm y hyudkm hn hnchmck dk kshs ekths, tkmgkmdi km cukmth nhs ipgmgimks y
sulkrkmcghs dk chdh gmdgvgdui dk nh pi`nhcgóm phrh hså kmcimtrhr kstrhtklghs quk mis
 pkregthm nnklhr h umh rkhngdhd cim nis i`jktgvis hnchmzhdis dk ehmkrh kagchz, kagcgkmtk y
 priductgvh.

Cim `hsk km tidi ni hmtkrgir ks quk um pnhm dk vgdh cinkctgvi mis pkregtk skr umh sicgkdhd
eès umgdh, eès kqugthtgvh y eès cinh`irhtgvh kmtrk tidis? crki yi quk sim nhs `hsks
aumdhekmthnks phrh nh cimstruccgóm dk umh gdkmtgdhd cinkctgvh.
 

  Mie`rk dkn Vnhm dk Qgdh:



Nh akngcgdhd km 4 phths

  Vri`nkeètgch pir htkmdkr.



Km nh hctuhngdhd nhs pkrsimhs chdh vkz eès mis dheis cukmth quk nis hmgehnks sim

skrks sgmtgkmtks
ksi quk h pkshr ciei ni dgcthegmh
quk kstis yh mi
skrks vgvis nh cimstgtucgóm pinåtgch dk
sk pukdkm cieumgchr Cinie`gh,
cim misitris ysh`keis
ks pir
quk tgkmkm mkcksgdhdks `èsgchs ciei misitris quk sim pir kjkepngagchr hnlumhs dk
knnhs kn hngekmti, kn hluh, um rkaulgi y kn chrgøi. Kstè dkeistrhdi quk nis hmgehnks
rkspimdkm hn chrgøi y hakcti quk sk nks `rgmdh. Km kn eumgcgpgi dk Pgisucgi Chndhs
dimdk vgvi bhy eucbis hmgehnks chnnkjkris kspkcghnekmtk pkrris y lhtis, quk
sh`keis quk km kstis dåhs pir nhs cimdgcgimks cngeètgchs sk vkm euy hakcthdis, ks
 pir ksi quk eg ahegngh y yi iptheis pir crkhr kn pnhm
p nhm dk vgdh nh akngcgdhd km cuhtri
 phths

  I`jktgvi pir dkshrrinnhr cim kn pnhm dk vgdh cinkctgvi.



@rgmdhr hyudh y `gkmksthr h nis hmgehnks chnnkjkris kspkcghnekmtk pkrris y lhtis

qugkmks sim nis
nhs pkrsimhs. eès hakcthdis
Sh`keis h nhhúm
quk kxgstk birhpkrsimhs
dk kmcimtrhr hngekmti,
gmbuehmhs quk rkaulgi y chrgøi
ehntrhthm y dk
h`hmdimhm h sus ehsciths ks pir ksi quk sk `usch lkmkrhr chephøhs dk
cimcgkmtgzhcgóm dk ni quk ks umh ehscith y kn trhti quk dk`k dèrsknk, hså egsei sk
 `usch quk kstis hmgehngtis tkmlhm su pripgi bilhr
bi lhr y ks pir ksi quk sk rkhngz
rkhngzhrhm
hrhm
chephøhs dk hdipcgóm cim kn nkeh dk „hdipth mi cieprks― y „nis crginngtis the`gçm
dheis heir y chrgøi―. Pkhngzhr kn rkschtk dk kstis hmgehnks km cimdgcgóm dk chnnk y
 `rgmdhrnks nh dk`gdh vhcumhcgóm, dksphrhsgthcgóm
dksphr hsgthcgóm y hngekmthcgóm mkckshrgh.

  Qgsgóm.


Crkhr um hn`krluk hmgehn, quk cukmtk cim tidi ni quk nis pknudgtis mkcksgtkm ciei
nulhrks dk rkcrkhcgóm, hngekmti, rkaulgi, chrgøi y dkeès cugdhdis quk rkqugkrhm hså
egsei tkmkr umh cnåmgch vktkrgmhrgh dk dimdk shndrèm lrhm phrtk dkn dgmkri phrh nh
ehmutkmcgóm dkn hn`krluk.

  Vripósgti


Supngr nhs mkcksgdhdks `èsgchs dk nis hmgehnks quk sk kmcukmtrkm km cimdgcgóm dk

vunmkrh`gngdhd

  Cimtrg`ucgóm h nh cieumgdhd.


@rgmdhr h nis hmgehnks km cimdgcgóm dk chnnk um bilhr dimdk vgvgr, hså egsei
hnklrhr h eucbhs ahegnghs cim umh ehscith quk sk kmcukmtrk ngepgh, shmh y quk mi
tkmlhm quk phlhr pir knnh, sini bhcgçmdisk chrli dk knnh km ni quk ksth rkqugkrh.
 

  Ekths
8.  @uschr hpiyi dk nh cieumgdhd y dk nis kmtks lu`krmhekmthnks  
0.  Pkcinkcthr aimdis ekdghmtk rgahs, ekrchdi dk punlhs, `hzhrks, `gmlis, ktc 
3.  Cimtrhthr pkrsimhn quk bhlhm su nh`ir eès quk pir dgmkri pir heir h nis hmgehnks.  
4.  Hrrkmdhr umh agmch phrh crkhr kn hn`krluk. 
;.  Cieprhr tidis nis knkekmtis mkckshrgis phrh kn hn`krluk 
1.  Bhckr jirmhdhs dk rkcilgdh dk hmgehnks chnnkjkris. 
<.  Egrhr km quç cimdgcgimks nnklhm hn nulhr.  
2.  @rgmdhr nhs htkmcgimks quk rkqugkrhm chdh umi dk knnis. 
7.  Gmgcghr cim nhs jirmhdhs dk vhcumhcgóm, kstkrgngzhcgóm y hdipcgóm.  
86. Cimsklugr phdrgmis phrh chdh umi dk nis hmgehngtis km kn hn`krluk egkmtrhs `uschm
um bilhr  
88. Crkhr nh cnåmgch vktkrgmhrgh cim aumcgimhegkmti dk urlkmcghs 04/<

  @kmkagcghrgis
Tidis nis hmgehnks km cimdgcgóm dk vunmkrh`gngdhd y pkrsimhs hehmtks h nis
hmgehnks quk `uschm kn `gkmksthr dk kstis skrks vgvis.


  Ipirtumgdhdks dk rkhngzhcgóm (hccgimks quk sk dk`km bhckr km dis høis, cgmci
høis y dgkz høis).

PKHNGZHCGÓM 
IVIPT[MGDHDKS DK PKHNGZHCGÓM 
TGKEVI 0 HØIS ; HØIS 86 HØIS
Vnhmkhr ni quk sk vh h Cimsingdhcgóm pnhm dk Sistkmg`gngdhd dkn
rkhngzhr. trh`hji.  pnhm.
@uschr rkcursis pir Hmèngsgs dk rksunthdis. Pkhngzhr nh aumdhcgóm
ekdgi dk hctgvgdhdks Gmgcghr prkphrhcgóm dk nh prgekrh cnåmgch
dimdk gmtkrhctúk nh  phrh nh hpkrturh dkn vktkrgmhrgh cim
HCCGIMKS cieumgdhd rgisuckøh.  prgekr hn`krluk km aumcgimhegkmti 04/<
Ksth`nkckr Pgisucgi. km kn eumgcgpgi dk
ektidinilåhs
ciekdkris dk dk Pgisucgi
Kxphmdgr Chndhs.
ksth
hmgehnks. gmgcghtgvh h mgvkn
dkphrthekmthn

  Pkcursis mkckshrgis phrh nis dis prgekris høis, nis cgmci høis y nis 86 høis.
 

PKC[PSIS 
PKC[PSIS 
TGKEVI 0 HØIS ; HØIS 86 HØIS
Gepnkekmtis phrh nh Qktkrgmhrgis y Kqugpi mkckshrgi
crkhcgóm ciekdkris. kmtrkmhdirks  phrh nh hpkrturh dk
Cimckmtrhdis, chngagchdis. cnåmgch vktkrgmhrgh.
dksphrhsgthmtk y Kqugpis ciei jhunhs, Vkrsimhn
vhcumhs.  juluktks, ciegdh y kspkcghngzhdi phrh
Pkcursi buehmi. dkeès. nh htkmcgóm km nh
Hpirtks y Agmch phrh nh hpkrturh cnåmgch
HCCGIMKS  phrtgcgphcgóm km nhs dkn hn`krluk. Vu`ngcgdhd.
hctgvgdhdks pir phrtk Jirmhdhs dk
dk nh cieumgdhd. vhcumhcgóm,
kstkrgngzhcgóm y
cimcgkmtgzhcgóm h nh
cieumgdhd dk nhs
ehsciths

  Ipirtumgdhdks dk rkhngzhcgóm (ciei sk vh h nilrhr kn priykcti)

Vhrh nilrhr kn priykcti sk gmgcghr cim umh pnhmkhcgóm km nh cuhn sk rkhngzhrhm

kstudgis km nis skctirks dkn eumgcgpgi phrh hmhngzhr cuhnks sim nis nulhrks ehs
trhmsgthdis pir nis hmgehngtis chnnkjkris, ksti cim kn agm dk `uschr nis putis
kstrhtçlgcis phrh nis ciekdkris quk sk rkhngzhrhm? hså egsei cim hyudh dk
vinumthrgis vktkrgmhrgis dhr um gmairek gmgcghn dk ciei sk kmcukmtrhm h mgvkn dk
shnud dk nis hmgehnks? gmgcghr cim vickis y umhs kmtrkvgsths cim nis kmtks
lu`krmhekmthnks dkn eumgcgpgi phrh singcgthr hyudhs kcimóegchs i dk cimckmtrhdi
 phrh nh hngekmthcgóm dk nis hmgehnks? sk bhrèm dgakrkmtks hctgvgdhdks phrh rkcinkcthr
aimdis phrh nh vhcumhcgóm, cinhrks y dksphrhsgthmtk, ksti cim kn agm dk tkmkr umh `hsk
dk dhtis dk cuhmtis hmgehnks sk kstèm htkmdgkmdi, sk pkdgrèm tknhs km nis cisturkris
 phrh bhckr cbhqukths phrh nis pknudgtis quk nis vhm h cu`rgr dkn argi y dk nh nnuvgh?
ksti km nh ahsk gmgcghn dkn pnhm dk vgdh.

  Pkspimsh`nks.

8.  Gmgcghnekmtk kn priykcti skrè dkshrrinnhdi pir eg ahegngh y heglis.

0.  Dkgcy Pgvkrh, vktkrgmhrgh rkspimsh`nk dk dkshrrinnhr nh citgzhcgóm dk nis
ekdgchekmtis, vhcumhs y dkeès knkekmtis quk mkcksgthm nis pkrrgtis.
3.  Wudy Qgvghmh Lhvgrgh rkspimsh`nk dk nh phrtk hdegmgstrhtgvh dkn pnhm.
4.  Dgkli Hnkjhmdri Lhvgrgh rkspimsh`nk dk nis hcukrdis cim nh hnchndåh y nh
gepnkekmthcgóm dk hctgvgdhdks phrh nh rkcinkccgóm dk aimdis

  Visg`nks rgkslis pir kmarkmthr.

8.  I`tkmcgóm dk nis rkcursis phrh gmgcghr kn priykcti.  

 

0.  Dgagcunthd km i`tkmkr kn pumti dk kqugng`rgi quk pkregth nh sistkmg`gngdhd km

kn tgkepi dkn priykcti. 
3.  Xuk kn priykcti mi tkmlh lrhm hcilgdh km kn eumgcgpgi
 

@G@NGILPHAÅH

  NgakEishgc. (068;). Vnhm dk vgdh. _Hrcbgvi dk vgdkiU. Pkcupkrhdi dk



bttps://www.yiutu`k.cie/whtcb9tgekYcimtgmuk50&v5z6AIIoq\YPG 
  Vrihi, N. (0684). Nh cunturh dkn keprkmdgegkmti y su


airehcgóm.
dk 
dk Hntkrmhtgvhs, 8;(8), 41-;6. Pkcupkrhdi
 bttp://kdgtirghn.ucsl.kdu.kc/ijs-hntkrmhtgvhs/gmdkx.pbp/hntkrmhtgvhs-
ucsl/hrtgcnk/vgkw/2/2  
ucsl/hrtgcnk/vgkw/2/2
  Hmdkr-Kll, K., & Hlugnhr, E. J. (0666). Cóei knh`irhr um priykcti. Luåh phrh


dgskøhr priykctis sicghnks y cunturhnks. Pkcupkrhdi

dk bttps://scbinhr.liilnkuskrcimtkmt.cie/scbinhr9q5chcbk:Q@Mn[IsXP1lJ:scbinh
r.liilnk.cie/+%K0%26%7CCiei+knh`irhr+um+priykcti%K0%26%7D+&bn5ks
&hsYsdt56,;  
&hsYsdt56,;