INVERSIONS & EMPHASIS STRUCTURES

(CÂU ĐẢO NGỮ & CÁC CÂU TRÚC NHẤN MẠNH)

A. INVERSIONS (CÂU ĐẢO NGỮ)
I. Định nghĩa:
Đảo ngữ, với mục đích nhấn mạnh, là dạng câu mà trật tự không theo thứ tự như câu bình thường. Đảo ngữ được sử
dụng trong các ngữ cảnh trịnh trọng, nhấn mạnh.
II. Phân loại : - Có hai loại cấu trúc đảo ngữ: Đảo ngữ không mượn trợ động từ & Đảo ngữ mượn trợ động từ:
 ĐẢO ĐỘNG TỪ CHÍNH LÊN TRƯỚC CHỦ NGỮ: .............V + S ............
1. Dùng trong các câu mở đầu bằng các trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn: here, there, now, then, in, out, down, up, back, over,
away, off. Dạng này chỉ áp dụng với các động từ chỉ vị trí và chuyển động như: be, come, go, lie, sit, stand, rush,
fly...
2. Khi sử dụng trong câu trích dẫn trực tiếp:
E.g. “She is a good friend”, said Peter.
*** Cách đảo: Không dùng trợ động từ, dùng trực tiếp động từ của câu đưa lên trước chủ ngữ.
E.g. - The rain poured down -> Down POURED the rain.
- The answer is here. -> Here IS the answer.
- The bus comes here. --> Here COMES the bus.
- A frog sat on the grass. --> On the grass SAT a frog.
- The teacher came in, and the lesson began. --> In CAME the teacher, and the lesson began.
*Chú ý: - Khi dùng “here , there “ đầu câu, nếu chủ ngữ là đại từ , ta không đảo.
E.g. - Where are my keys? - Oh, here they are.
- Outside the house two women were talking. 
Not: Outside the house were two women talking. 
 ĐẢO NGỮ MƯỢN TRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ: AUXILIARY Verb (do/does/did/have/has/can…) + S + V...
- Khi các trạng từ có nghĩa phủ định hoặc hạn chế , một số trạng từ tần suất khác được đặt ở đầu câu để nhấn
mạnh, ta dùng trợ động đảo từ lên trước chủ ngữ:
1. AT NO TIME/NEVER + aux + S + V: "không bao giờ”
Ex: She has never been so happy before.
-> Never/ at no time before has she been so happy (Chưa bao giờ cô ta lại hạnh phúc như thế.)

2. ON NO/ANY ACCOUNT = ON NO/ANY CONDITION + aux+ S + V: “không vì bất cứ lí do gì”

Ex: You should never be late for the exam -> On no account should you be late for the exam
(không vì bất kì lí do gì mà bạn lại đến thi muộn cả )

3. IN/UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES = IN NO WAY+ aux+ S + V: “Không đời nào, dù trong bất cứ tình huống nào
cũng không”
Ex: I’ll never believe him -> In no circumstances will I believe him (không đời nào tôi lại tin hắn )

4. NOT UNTIL + N + aux + S + V : “mãi cho tới khi nào”

Not until the early 1960s did man fly into space ( mãi cho tới thập niên 1960 thì con người mới bay vào vũ trụ)
5. NOT UNTIL+ a clause (S + V) + aux + S + V: “mãi cho tới khi việc gì xảy ra thì….”
Not until the rain stopped could they go out for dinner ( mãi cho đến khi trời tạnh mưa thì họ mới đi ăn tối)
* Chú ý : It + is/ was + not until ..............that S + V .... (không đảo – dạng cleft sentence ).
Ex: It was not until Peter took off the sunglasses that I recognized him.
6. SELDOM/ HARDLY/ BARELY/ SCARCELY + aux+ S + V: “hiếm khi mà…”
Ex: Hardly does she come home late (cô ta hiếm khi về nhà muộn.)
7. HARDLY/ BARELY/ SCARCELY + had + S + PP + WHEN + S + V2 (simple past): “vừa mới….thì…”
Ex: Hardly had we come when it rained (chúng tôi vừa đến thì trời đổ mưa.)

8. NO SOONER + had + S + PP+ THAN + S + V2 (simple past) : “vừa mới …thì…”

Ex: No sooner had I come home than my wife started nagging (tôi vừa mới về nhà thì vợ tôi đó bắt đầu càu nhàu )

9. BY NO MEANS + aux + S + V : hoàn toàn không

Ex: By no means did he intend to insult you. (anh ta hoàn toàn không có ý định sỷ nhục bạn)

10. NOT A+ Object+ aux + s +v : không một….

Ex: Not a single word did she say ( cô ta chẳng nói đến 1 lời nào cả )

11. NO LONGER + Vaux+ S +V: “Không còn… nữa”

Ex: No longer do women bear a lot of children ( Phụ nữ không còn phải sinh nhiều con nữa )

12. NOWHERE+ Vaux+ S + V : “Không nơi nào”

Ex: Nowhere had Susan seen such a beautifully decorated room ( Không ở nơi nào mà Susan lại được xem căn phòng trang
trí đẹp đến vậy )

13. NEITHER+ aux+ S+V …NOR + aux+ S + V….: “không…..không……..”

Ex: Neither have I seen him nor have I heard him speak (Tôi không những không thấy anh ta cũng không nghe thấy anh ta )

14. LITTLE+ Vaux+ S + V: “ít về…”

Ex: Little did I know about him (tôi biết ít về hắn ta.)

15. NOT ONLY+ aux+ S+V, BUT + S + ALSO + V: “không những……….mà còn……”
Ex: Not only did Tom arrive late, but he also started complaining (Tom không những muộn mà còn bắt đầu càu nhàu)
Not only is he handsome but also humorous.
16. ONLY BY + N/ Ving + S + V : “chỉ bằng cách…”
Ex: We must act right now or we will lose-> Only by acting right now will we win
(chỉ bằng cách hành động ngay bây giờ thì chúng ta mới thắng )

17. ONLY AFTER +N/ Ving/ a clause + aux + S + V : “chỉ sau khi…”
Ex: Only after your graduation will you get a job. (chỉ sau lễ tốt nghiệp mày mới đi làm đc )
Only after seeing hamster on the stage did I understand it.
(Chỉ sau khi nhìn thấy con chuột trên sân khấu tôi mới hiểu )
Only after they had had dinner did they sleep. (chỉ sau khi đã ăn tối, họ mới đi ngủ)

18. ONLY WHEN + a clause + aux + S + V : “chỉ khi …”

Ex: Only when my friend told me did I know his name. (chỉ sau khi bạn tôi bảo thì tôi mới biết tên hắn)

19 .ONLY WITH + N + aux + S + V : :chỉ với…”

Ex: Only with a little money did I get a good job. (chỉ với số tiền ít ỏi, tôi đã kiếm đuợc 1 công việc tốt.)

20. ONLY THEN/ LATER + aux + S + V : “chỉ sau lúc đó”

Ex: Only then/later did I understand ( chỉ sau lúc đó tôi mới hiểu )

21. ONLY IF + a clause + Vaux + S + V : “chỉ nếu…”

Ex: Only if you tell the truth can I forgive you. ( nếu nói sự thật tôi có thể tha thứ )

22. ONLY IN THIS WAY + Vaux + S + V : “chỉ bằng cách này “

Only in this way can we solve the problem. (chỉ bằng cách này chúng ta mới có thể giải quyết vấn đề )

23. SO + adj /adv + Vaux + S + THAT + S + V : “Quá……..đến nỗi mà….”

So heavy is the bag that he couldn’t lift it (cái cặp nặng đến nỗi anh ta không thể nhấc lên )
So fast did he walk that I couldn’t keep up with him.

24. SUCH + to be + N +THAT + S +V: “Quá…….đến nỗi mà…”

Such is the popularity of the play that the theatre is fun every night.
(Sự yêu thích của công chúng với vở kịch quá lớn nên nhà hát đều kính chỗ mỗi đêm.)
Such was the force of storm that trees were uprooted.

25.Đảo ngữ với AS/SO (dùng trong câu khẳng định ): “……cũng vậy”
Gato is from Japan, as/so is Meguni (Gato đến từ Nhật , Meguni cũng vậy )

26. Đảo với NEITHER ( dùng trong câu phủ định ): “…….cũng không”
You don’t like coffee, Neither do I (Bạn không thích cà fê, tôi cũng không )

27. MANY A TIME+ aux + S + V: “vô số lúc…”

Many a time do I make mistakes (có vô số/ nhiều lúc tôi mắc lỗi )
28. Đảo ngữ với conditional sentences (câu điều kiện)
Type 1 : SHOULD + S + V ............
Type 2: WERE + S + C/to-V..........
Type 3: HAD + S + PP ( past participle)............
 Ex: Should you meet him in Hanoi , give him my regards.
Were I you , I would try again.
Were they to escape , they would be arrested again.
Had he kept calm , he would have succeeded.
B. SOME EMPHASIS STRUCTURES
1. Cleft sentences (Câu chẻ): It + is/ was + EMPHASIS (phần nhấn mạnh) + that +............
* Cleft sentences là dạng câu được viết dưới 2 mệnh đề nhằm nhấn mạnh một thành phần thông tin nào đó theo dụng ý
của người sử dụng.
- Nam sang beautifully last night. -> It was Nam who sang beautifully last night.
- While she was on holiday in Nha Trang, she came to see me.
-> It was while she was on holiday in Nha Trang that she came to see me.
- I’ve lived in Nha Trang for 10 years. -> It is in Nha Trang that I’ve lived for 10 years .
2. WH-words + S + V + is/was……
Ex: Her new hairstyle makes her look younger. -> What makes her younger is her new hairstyle.
He has bought his son a new car. -> What he has bought his son is a new car.
No one knows when he leaves. -> When he leaves is unknown.
3. THAT is/was + WH-words + S + V
Ex: That’s what he did to save the boy. That’s why she left him.
4. DO / DOES/ DID + Vo trong thì hiện tại/quá khứ đơn hoặc câu mệnh lệnh
E.x. - Do study your lessons, don’t watch TV.
- He did go to the library yesterday afternoon.
- I do like folk music.
5. Reflexive pronouns (myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, herself, himself, themselves, itself).
- Reflexive pronouns (đại từ phản thân) được dùng để nhấn mạnh danh từ hoặc đại từ .
Ex: I myself made the cake. ( = I made the cake myself. )
*Chú ý:
Reflexive pronouns trong câu nhấn mạnh chủ ngữ, nó được đặt sau chủ ngữ hoặc sau tân ngữ .
Có sự khác nhau khi nói :
Ex: I did it myself. ( It was done by me, not by anyone else.)
I did it by myself. ( I did it alone).
*** BÀI TẬP ỨNG DỤNG
I. Rewrite each sentence so that it begins with the word or words in italics.
1. The best time to buy a house is now. …………………………………………………………....
Now is the best time to buy a house..
2. The bus came round the corner. …………………………………………………………...
Round the corner came the bus.
3. The price of petrol went up. …………………………………………………………...
Up went the price of petrol.
4. The Parthenon stands on the top of the Acropolis. …………………………………………………………....
On the top of the Acropolis stands the Parthenon.
5. The wheels of the engine went round and round. …………………………………………………………....
Round and round went the wheels of the engine.
6. Winston Churchill lived in this house. …………………………………………………………....
In this house lived Winston Churchill
7. The flag went down. …………………………………………………………....
Down went the flag
8. The best part of the story comes now. …………………………………………………………....
Now comes the best part of the story.
II. Rewrite the following sentences, beginning with the word(s) in brackets.
9. I have never seen such a beautiful girl in my life. (Never in my life)
Never in my life have I seen a beautiful girl.
..........................................................................................................
10. Nam could not find a dong in his pockets. (Not a dong)
Not a dong could Nam find in his pocket.
.................................................................................................
11. She knows little about his family. (Little)
Little does she know about his family.
...................................................................................................
12. The rocket flew up. (Up)
Up flew the rocket.
......................................................................................................
13. Science can serve the interests of people only in our country. (Only in)
Only in our country can scientists serve the interests of people.
........................................................................................................
14. If he had been honest, he wouldn’t have done it. (Had)
Had he been honest, he wouldn't have done it.
..........................................................................................................
15. In this deserted village they haven’t found a single man. (Not a)
Not a single man have they found in this deserted village.
.........................................................................................................
16. He could never afford a thing like that before. (Never before)
Never before could he afford a thing like that.
.........................................................................................................
17. She had hardly said it when he turned and left the room. (Hardly)
Hardly had she said it when he turned and left the room.
................................................................................................................
18. The theatre had no sooner burst into flame than the audience rushed out of the hall. (No sooner)
No sooner had the theatre burst into flame than the audience rushed out of the hall.
................................................................................................................
19. He had not been given such an enthusiastic welcome anywhere else (Nowhere else)
Nowhere else had he been given such an enthusiastic welcome.
............................................................................................................
20. He didn’t know what was going on until I told him. (Not until)
Not until I told him did he know what was going on.
................................................................................................................
21. His voice was so sad that she felt sorry for him. (So)
So sad was his voice that she felt sorry for him.
...................................................................................................................
22. If we moved north, we would be able to make a better living. (Were)
Were we moved north, we would be able to make a better living.
...................................................................................................................
23. I wouldn’t agree to such a proposal in any circumstances. (Under no circumstances)
Under no circumstances would I agree to such a proposal .
.........................................................................................................................
24. She had hardly begun to speak before people started interrupting her. (No sooner)
No sooner had she hardly begun to speak than people started interrupting her
.......................................................................................................................
25. Our neighbor has never invited us into his house. (Not once)
Not once has our neighbor invited us into his house.
........................................................................................................................
26. The judge was taken ill just after the trial proceedings began. (Barely)
Barely had the judge taken ill when the trial proceeding began.
........................................................................................................................
27. She didn’t say anything about the robbery. (Not a word)
…………………………………………………………………………………
Not a word did she say about the robbery.
28. It was only when the office phoned me that I found out about the meeting. (Not until)
Not until the office phoned me did I find out about the meeting.
…………………………………………………………………………………
29. The response to our appeal was so great that we had to take on more staff. (Such)
…………………………………………………………………………………
Such was the response to our appeal that we had to take on more staff.
30. Harry broke his leg, and he also injured his shoulder.(Not only).
Not only did Harry break his leg, but he also injured his shoulder.
…………………………………………………………………………………
31. The police didn’t at all suspect that the judge was the murderer.(Little).
…………………………………………………………………………………
Little did the police suspect that the judge was the murder.
32. As soon as I got into the bath, someone knocked at the door.( No sooner)
No sooner had I get into the bath than someone knocked at the door.
…………………………………………………………………………………
33. There was so much uncertainty that the financial markets remained closed. (Such)
…………………………………………………………………………………
Such was uncertainty that the financial markets remained closed.
34. It’s not common for there to be so much rain in March. (Seldom)
Seldom is it common for there to be so much rain in March.
…………………………………………………………………………………
35. You won’t be allowed in until your identity has been checked. (Only)
…………………………………………………………………………………
Only after checking your identity will you be allowed in
36. Just after the play started there was a power failure.( Hardly)
…………………………………………………………………………………
Hardly had the play started when there was a power failure.
37. Her grief was so great that she almost fainted.
So………………………………………………………………………………
great was her grief that she almost fainted.
38. He got down to writing the letter as soon as he returned from his walk.
No sooner……………………………………………………………………..
had he get down to writing the letter than he returned from his walk.
39. I only realized what I had missed when they told me about it later.
they told me about it did I realized what I had missed.
Only when…………………………………………………………………………………
40. You won’t find a more dedicated worker anywhere than Mrs. John.
Nowhere…………………………………………………………………………………….
will you find a more dedicated worker than Mrs. John.
41. The outcome of the election was never in doubt.
At no time…………………………………………………………………………………
was the outcome of the election in doubt
42. He forgot about the gun until he got home.
Not until…………………………………………………………………………………..
he got home did he remember about the gun.
43. The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard every day.
training hard everyday can you become a good athlete.
Only by…………………………………………………………………………………..
44. She had never been so happy before.
Never ………………………………………………………...................................................
before had she been so happy.
45. They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony.
Seldom ……………………………………………………………………………………..
had they participated in such a fascinating ceremony.
46. The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent.
Little ………………………………………………………………………………………
did the embassy staff realize that Ted was a secret agent.
 47. I had hardly begun to apologize when the door closed.
Hardly ………………………………………………………………………………………
had I begun to apologize when the door closed.
48. The shop can in no way be held responsible for customers' lost property.
In no way …………………………………………………………………………………..
can the shop be held responsible for customers' lost property.
49. The couple had no sooner arrived than the priest started the ceremony.
No sooner …………………………………………………………………………………
had the couple arrived than the priest started the ceremony.
50. Tom only understood the meaning of the comment when he saw his wife's face.
Only when ………………………………………………………………………………….
Tom understood the meaning of the comment did he see his wife's face.
51. The restaurant cannot accept animals under any circumstances.
Under no circumstances ……………………………………………………………………
can the restaurant accept the animals.
52. The artist rarely paid any attention to his agent's advice.
Rarely …………………………………………………………………………………………
did the artist pay any attention to his agent's advice.
53. She'd only just stubbed out one cigarette when she lit another.
had she stubbed out one
Hardly ................................... cigarette when she lit another.
........................................................................................................
54. As soon as I put the phone down, it rang again!
had I put the phone down .............................................................................................
No sooner ............................................ than it rang again.
55. He spoke so quietly that I didn't hear a thing he said.
quietly did he speak that ........................................................................................................
So ............................................ I didn't hear a thing he said.
56. They didn't win a game all season.
a game did the win all season.
Not ............................................ ....................................................................................................
57. She didn't realize who he was until she'd been speaking to him for ten minutes.
she had been speaking
Only after ..................................... to him for ten minutes did she realize who he was.
.................................................................................................
58. Kate not only spilled wine on the carpet but she also broke six glasses.
did Kate spill wine........................................................................................................
Not only ............................ on the carpet, but she also broke six glasses.
59. Tony was not only late, but he had left all his books behind.
was Tony late, but he also had left all his books behind.
Not only........................................................................................................
60. I had no sooner gone to bed than someone rang my doorbell.
No sooner...had I gone to bed than someone rang my doorbell.
........................................................................................................
61. I have seldom stayed in a worse hotel.
Seldom...have I stayed in a worse hotel.
........................................................................................................
62. I realized only then that I had lost my keys.
Only then...did I realize that I had lost my keys.
........................................................................................................
63. The economic situation has rarely been worse.
Rarely... has the economic situation been worse.
........................................................................................................
64. The manager not once offered us an apology.
Not once...did the manager offer us an apology.
........................................................................................................
65. You should not send money to us by post under any circumstances.
Under no circumstances...should you not send money to us by post.
........................................................................................................
66. I understood Hamlet only after seeing it on the stage.
Only after seeing Hamlet...on........................................................................................................
the stage did I understand it.
III. Rewrite the following sentences, beginning with the word(s) given.
67. You weren’t paying attention when the accident happened. (that)
It……………………………………………................................................................
68. The doctor promised that I would be out of bed in a couple of days. (did)
The……………………………………………………………………………………..
69. Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin. (was)
It…………………………………………………………discovered penicillin.
70. Did you meet Marlon Brando in Hollywood? (met)
Was………………………………………….Marlon Brando in Hollywood?
71. The committee doesn’t want to accept any new members to the club. (is)
What the……………..……………………… to accept any new members to the club
72. He said he was coming with us.(say)
He …………………………………………………………………………
73. Did you go to the Rivera Club last night? (It)
Was……………………………………………..you went to last night?
IV. Choose the best option to complete these following sentences or the best inversion sentence for the original.
1. No sooner had we arrived at the station ______ the announcement started.
A. than B. when C. then D. last
2. ______ he arrived at the bus stop when the bus came.
A. Hardly had B. No sooner had C. No longer has D. Not until had
3. No sooner ______ than the class started.
A. had Max arrived B. had Max arrive C. Max arrived D. Max had arrived
4. Scarcely had Jake ______ the book report when Alan came in.
A. finish B. finishing C. finished D. to finished
5. As soon as I entered the room, I noticed her.
A. No sooner had I entered the room than I noticed her.
B. Hardly had I entered the room when I noticed her.
C. No sooner I had entered the room than I noticed her.
D. Both A and B are right
6. As soon as he approached the house, the policeman stopped him.
A. No sooner had he approached the house than the policeman stopped him.
B. Hardly had he approached the house than the policeman stopped him.
C. No sooner had he approached the house when the policeman stopped him.
D. Hardly he had approached the house when the policeman stopped him.
7. I have seldom heard such a talented singer.
A. Seldom have I heard such a talented singer.
B. Seldom I have heard such a talented singer.
C. Seldom has I heard such a talented singer.
D. All are correct.
8. _______ circumstances should you call the police.
A. In B. Under C. Under no D. In no
9. Only after you obtain a driving license _______ a car.
A. you are able to drive B. can you drive C. you will be able to drive D. did you drive
10. Hardly ever _______ far from home.
A. she traveled B. she has traveled C. did she travel D. she did travel
11. Hardly _______ the phone down when the boss rang back.
A. did I put B. have I put C. had I put D. I had put
12. No sooner _______ the soldiers leaped into the water.
A. had the ship touched the shore than B. had the ship touched the shore when
C. the ship had touched the shore then D. the ship touched the shore than
13. Had they arrived at the fair earlier, they _______ what they wanted.
A. had found B. have found C. found D. would have found
14. Only by working hard _______ your final exam.
A. will you pass B. you will pass C. did you pass D. you passed
15. Only when I have free time _______ television.
A. I watch B. will I watch C. do I watch D. I watched
16. _______ that I knew all about her.
A. She little thought B. She thought little C. Little did she think D. Little she thought
17. Not only is she intelligent _______.
A. but also she is kind B. but is she also kind C. but also is she kind D. but she is also kind
18. _______ that she couldn’t go on working.
A. So was his pain B. Such was his pain C. He has so pain D. His pain was such
19. Never ______ to school late.
A. I go B. do I go C. I do go D. go I
20. Many books ______ yesterday.
A. did he read B. I read C. I did read D. read I
21. Beautiful ______ in their autumn colors.
A. the trees are B. are the trees C. do the trees are D. the trees do are
22. ________ there.
A. Never will I go B. I never will go C. never I will go D. All are right
23. ______ a doctor, I could help you.
A. was I B. I was C. Were I D. I were
24. Had I not met her, I ______ unhappy.
A. have been B. was C. had been D. would have been
25. _______ about it.
A. He did little said B. Little did he said C. Little did he say D. He did little say
26. Nowhere _______ delicious dishes like here.
A. can you enjoy B. you can enjoy C. you enjoy D. you do enjoy
27. No longer ______ here.
A. he will live B. will he work C. will he works D. he works
28. In vain ______ for the missing people.
A. did they look B. did they looked C. they looked D. they did look
29. Not until I came home ______ that I had lost everything.
A. I realized B. I did realize C. did I realize D. I did realized
30. Not until _______ that she had been very important for me.
A. did she leave I knew B. she left did I know C. she left I knew D. did she leave did I know
31. ________ him for the mistake he had made.
A. Never in my life will I forgive B. Never in my life I will forgive
C. I will never forgive in my life D. Never will I forgive in my life
32. I have never seen this film before.
A. Never before have I seen this film B. Never before I have seen this film
C. Before have never I seen this film D. Have I never before seen this film
33. She rarely makes a mistake.
A. Rarely she makes a mistake. B. Rarely she does make a mistake.
C. Rarely does she make a mistake. D. Does she rarely make a mistake.
34. ______ I the judge, I would sentence him to death.
A. Were B. Was C. Be D. Am
35. ______ I rich, I would help you.
A. Was B. Be C. Am D. Were
36. ________ his advice, I would have succeeded in the final exam.
A. Had I taken B. I had taken C. Had I take D. If I take
37. Had you not helped me, I _________ how to solve it.
A. won’t know B. wouldn’t know C. couldn’t know D. wouldn’t have known
38. Had I not stayed up late last night, I ________ tired now.
A. wouldn’t be B. wouldn’t have been C. won’t be D. can’t be
39. Only by working three jobs ________ able to support his large family.
A. he was B. he is C. he's being D. was he
40. It was not until Andrew stopped smoking ______ healthy again.
A. did he feel B. that he started to feel C. then he felt D. that he did feel
41. The boss didn’t know what to do, ________ the rest of us.
A. so did B. either C. neither D. nor did
42. _______ you see Frank at the conference, give him my regards.
A. Should B. Would C. Might D. Could
43. Strange ________ , he chose not to undergo surgery.
A. may it seem B. as may it seem C. was it that D. as it may sound
44. Try _________ he could not save the drowning woman.
A. did he hard B. as he might C. as hard as D. though he did
45. So ________ that she licked the plate clean.
A. being hungry B. great her hunger C. hungry was she D. had she hunger
46. Effie disliked the film, ________.
A. so did Frank B. and also disliked it Frank C. neither did Frank D. so Frank did
47. ________ the medicine than she began to feel better.
A. Not until she swallowed B. Hardly did she swallow
C. No sooner had she swallowed D. Having swallowed
48. Only by speaking more _______ improve your fluency in English.
A. you are able to B. is it possible to C. does D. will it
49. Only after he arrived at the airport _______for his passport.
A. he did look B. did he look C. he looked D. he did looked
50. Only by studying hard ______ this exam.
A. can you pass B. you can pass C. you pass D. All are right
51. Only when you grow up ______ it.
A. you understand B. you do understand C. you can understand D. can you understand
52. Only if you tell me the truth ______ you.
A. can I forgive B. I can forgive you C. I forgive you D. I do forgive
53. He not only studies well, but also he sings well.
A. Not only does he study well but he also sings well.
B. Not only he studies well, but also does he sing well.
C. Not only he does study well, but also does he sing well.
D. Not only he studies well, but also he sings well.
54. You can refuse to answer my question in no way.
A. In no way you can refuse to answer my question
B. In no way can you refuse to answer my question
C. In no way do you refuse to answer my question
D. In no way you refuse to answer my question
55. I have come there at no time.
A. At no time I have come there B. At any time I have come there
C. At any time have I come there D. At no time have I come there.
56. ______ she can buy everything she likes.
A. So rich is she that B So rich she is that C. Such rich is she that D. All are right
57. She spoke so fast that nobody understood her.
A. So fast did she speak that nobody understood her.
B. Such fast she spoke that nobody understood her.
C. So fast she spoke that nobody understood her.
D. Such fast did she speak that nobody understood her.
58. It is such an important problem that everybody is concerned of it.
A. Such is the important problem that everybody is concerned of it.
B. So is the important problem that everybody is concerned of it.
C. So is an important problem that everybody is concerned of it.
D. Such is an important problem that everybody is concerned of it.
59. ______ had he entered the office than he realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A. Hardly B. Scarcely C. No sooner D. Not only
60. _________ before has she behaved like that.
A. Only by B. Not until C. Never D. Only when
61. _______ in Rome than he _______.
A. No sooner he had arrived / was being kidnapped
B. No sooner had he arrived / was kidnapped
C. Had he no sooner arrived / kidnapped
D. No sooner was he arriving / had been kidnapped
62. Had you done as I told you, you ___________.
A. would succeed B. would have succeeded C. will succeed D. could succeed
63. _________, you would have succeeded in your business.
A. If you listened to my advice B. Were you to listen to my advice
C. Had you listened to my advice D. As long as you listened to my advice
64. She doesn’t like classical music and _______.
A. I don’t, too B. I don’t, either C. neither do I D. B and C are correct
65. Little ________ what he has caused to others.
A. does he know B. he knows C. he can know D. he will know
66. _______ had he entered the office than he realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A. Hardly B. Scarcely C. No sooner D. Not only
67. It was not until she had arrived home __________ her appointment with the doctor.
A. when she remembered B. that she remembered C. and she remembered D. did she remember
68. Canada does not require that U.S citizens obtain passports to enter the country, and _________.
A. Mexico doesn’t, too B. so does Mexico C. Mexico doesn’t, either D. neither is Mexico
69. ________, he would have been able to pass the exam.
A. If he studied harder last year B. Provided he studied hard last year
C. Studying harder last year D. Had he studied harder last year
70. __________ will Mr. Dennis be able to regain control of the company.
A. With hard work B. Despite his hard work
C. Only if he works hardly D. Only by working hard
71. __________ had I arrived home than it began to rain.
 A. No sooner B. Hardly C. Scarcely D. Rarely
72. My father paid my fees. ________that, I wouldn’t be here now.
A. If there were not B. But for C. Had it not been for D. B and C are correct
73. Only after food has been dried or canned ________________________________.
A. it should be stored for future use. B. that it should be stored for future use.
C. should it be stored for future use. D. should it store for future use.
V. Identify one mistake in each sentence:
1. We cannot clean up all the polluted seas and rivers. Nor we can stop the disappearance of plants and animals.
A B C D
2. Hardly had he entered the office when he realized that he forgot his wallet.
A B C D
3. It was not until he was 30 did he get married , had a job and lived independently of his parents.
A B C D
4. Never before has so many people in the U.S been interested in soccer.
A B C D
5. Not only did he spend all his money but also he borrowed some from me
A B C D
VI. Choose the sentence whose meaning is equivalent to that of the original.
1. I write to her almost every day.
A. Not a day goes by unless my writing to her.
B. Hardly does a day go by without my writing to her.
C. No day go by without my writing to her.
D. Almost every day goes by without my writing for her.
2. The noise next door didn’t stop until midnight.
A. It was not until midnight that the noise next door stopped.
B. Not until midnight did the noise next door stopped.
C. Only when midnight did the noise next door stopped.
D. Hardly did the noise next door stopped when it was midnight.
3. He started computer programming as soon as he left school.
A. No sooner had he started computer programming than he left school.
B. Hardly had he started computer programming when he left school.
C. No sooner had he left school than he started computer programming.
D. After he left school, he had started computer programming.
4. He spent all his money. He even borrowed some from me.
A. As soon as he borrowed some money from me, he spent it all.
B. Hardly had he borrowed some money from me when he spent it all.
C. Not only did he spent all his money but also he borrowed some from me.
D. Not only did he spend all his money but he borrowed some from me as well.
5. She only felt relaxed after a few months working for him.
A. She used to feel relaxed working for him a few months.
B. A few months ago, she didn’t find it relaxed working for him.
C. Only after a few months working for him did she feel relaxed.
D. It was not until a few months working for him did she feel relaxed.
6. Right after his appointment to the post, he fell ill.
A. No sooner did he appointed to the post than he fell ill.
B. No sooner had he appointed to the post than he fell ill.
C. Hardly had he appointed to the post when he fell ill.
D. Hardly had he been appointed to the post when he fell ill.
7. Just after solving one problem, I was faced with another.
A. Scarcely had I solved one problem when I was faced with another.
B. Hardly had I solved one problem when I was faced with another.
C. No sooner had I solved one problem than I was faced with another.
D. All are correct.
8. A country cannot be prosperous if it is not quite independent.
A. Unless a country is quite independent, it can be prosperous.
B. Without complete independence, a country can be prosperous.
C. Only when a country is quite independent can it be prosperous.
D. It is not until a country is quite independent can it be prosperous.
9. I only recognized him when he came into the light.
A. Only when I recognized him, he came into the light.
B. It wasn’t until he came into the light that I recognized him
C. Not until he came into the light I did recognize him
D. I did not recognize him even when he came into the light.
10. We couldn’t relax until all the guests had left.
A. Not until all the guests had left could we relax.
B. It wasn’t until all the guests had left that we could relax.
C. It wasn’t until all the guests had left could we relax.
D. A and B are correct
11. The phone stopped ringing the moment I got downstairs.
A. No sooner had the phone stopped ringing than I got downstairs.
B. After the phone had stopped ringing, I got downstairs.
C. Hardly had the phone stopped ringing when I got downstairs.
D. No sooner had I got downstairs than the phone stopped ringing.
12. The light failed the moment they began work.
A. But for the light failed, they would have begun work.
B. Hardly did they begin work when the light failed.
C. Hardly had they begun work when the light failed.
D. As soon as the light failed, they began work.
13. She didn’t shed a tear as the play ended in tragedy.
A. The tragedy play wasn’t good for her to shed tear.
B. Without her tear, the play didn’t end tragically.
C. So tragic was the play that she didn’t shed a tear.
D. Not a tear did she shed when the play ended in tragedy.