Page 19

Task F: Web Research Activity

MODEL Network Relational Object-oriented Multi- Hybrid

dimensional XML/Relational
YEAR BEGAN 1960s 1970s 1980s 1980s Early 2000s
DATA Hierarchical Tables and Objects/Classes Cubes/Dimensions Hierarchical
ORGANIZATION structure relations structure (store
data) + relational
(efficient queries)
DATA ACCESS Uses Pointers Uses SQL Queries Uses High-level Uses MDX Queries Uses both XML
object-oriented and SQL
languages
SKILL LEVEL Medium to High Low to Medium Medium to High Medium to High Low to Medium
REQUIRED TO
ACCESS DATA
ENTITY One-to-one, One- Table Relations Object Associations Dimension Table Relations
RELATIONSHIPS to-many, Many-to- (One-to-one, One- (composition) Hierarchies
SUPPORTED many to-many. Many-to-
many)
DATA AND High Yes High Moderate (formula- Yes
PROGRAM (encapsulation) driven)
INDEPENDENCE
 Page 20
Task H: Home Writing Assignment

Roles and Advantages of DBMS in organizations

(Inspired by the article: [Web-Link])

In today's fast-paced business environment, data is a crucial asset for

organizations of all sizes and industries. The effective management of data can
MAKE or BREAK an organization's success. Database Management Systems
(DBMS) play an important role in the modern business world by providing
structured, efficient, and secure methods for storing and manipulating data.
There are benefits to using DBMS in organizations and potential
consequences of not using them.

Roles of DBMS in Organizations

1. Data Organization and Structuring:
DBMS facilitates the efficient organization and structuring of data. It
provides a framework for creating and managing databases, allowing
organizations to define data tables, relationships, and constraints. This structured
approach ensures data consistency and integrity. Without DBMS, organizations
would resort to specific data storage methods, making it challenging to maintain
data quality and consistency.
Example: Consider a retail company that needs to manage customer
information, product details, and sales records. Without a DBMS, this
information might be scattered across multiple spreadsheets and text files, leading
to data redundancy, inconsistencies, and a lack of a single source of truth.
 2. Data Retrieval and Querying:
DBMS enables efficient data retrieval and querying. Organizations can use
SQL (Structured Query Language) to extract specific information from
databases. This capability is valuable for generating reports, analyzing trends, and
making informed business decisions. Without DBMS, data retrieval would
involve time-consuming manual searches, increasing the risk of errors and
hampering decision-making.
Example: In a healthcare organization, clinicians need to access patient
records quickly to provide accurate and timely care. A DBMS allows them to
retrieve patient data with ease, ensuring that medical decisions are based on the
most up-to-date and relevant information.

3. Data Security and Access Control:

DBMS offers some security features, such as authentication, authorization,
and encryption to protect sensitive data. Organizations can control who has access
to specific data and ensure data privacy and compliance with regulations. Without
a DBMS, data security would be vulnerable to unauthorized access and data
breaches, potentially leading to legal and reputational consequences.
Example: Financial institutions handle vast amounts of sensitive customer
data, including personal and financial information. A DBMS with access controls
ensures that only authorized personnel can view or modify this data, safeguarding
it from unauthorized access or misuse.

Advantages of DBMS in Organizations

1. Data Consistency:
DBMS promotes data consistency by enforcing data integrity constraints.
When data is entered or updated in the database, these constraints ensure that the
data remains accurate and consistent. Inconsistent or conflicting data can lead to
errors and confusion in decision-making.
 2. Data Efficiency:
DBMS optimizes data storage and retrieval, resulting in faster and more
efficient access to information. This efficiency can have a significant impact on
operational productivity and customer service.
3. Scalability:
Organizations can easily scale their databases as their data needs grow.
DBMS allows for the addition of new data and users without significant
disruptions, ensuring that the system can adapt to evolving requirements.
4. Backup and Recovery:
DBMS provides tools for regular data backups and disaster recovery
planning. In the absence of a DBMS, organizations would struggle to maintain
reliable backups, making them vulnerable to data loss due to hardware failures or
other disasters.

Consequences of Not Using DBMS

If organizations do not utilize a DBMS, they may face several negative
consequences:
1. Data Fragmentation:
Data would be scattered across multiple files and formats, making it
challenging to ensure data consistency and accuracy.
2. Data Redundancy:
Without a central repository, organizations would duplicate data, leading
to inconsistencies and inefficiencies.
3. Slow Data Retrieval:
Searching for and accessing data would be time-consuming and error-
prone, hindering decision-making and operational efficiency.
4. Inadequate Security:
Data security would be compromised, leaving sensitive information
vulnerable to unauthorized access and data breaches.
 Conclusion
Database Management Systems are essential tools for organizations in the
modern era. They play critical roles in data organization, retrieval, security, and
integrity.
The advantages of using a DBMS, such as data consistency and efficiency,
are obvious in numerous industries (such as Banking and Healthcare). For
comparison, the consequences of not using a DBMS can result in data chaos,
inefficiency, and security risks.
Therefore, adopting a well-designed DBMS is not only beneficial but often
essential for the success and sustainability of organizations in today's data-driven
world. (Work smart, not hard 😊)