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Science
Quarter 1 – Module 7
Week 7, Electricity: Current,
Voltage and Resistance

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Science - Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 - Module 7: Electricity: Current, Voltage and Resistance
Revised Copy, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cebu City

Schools Division Superintendent: Rhea Mar A. Angtud, CESO VI

Development Team of the Module

Writer/Compiler/s:
Jane P. Canoy, Teacher II, Don Vicente Rama Memorial NHS
Eubelle T. Sablaon, SST-III, Abellana National School

Illustrator/Layout Artist: N/A

Content Editors:
Dr. Gemma A. Bendebel, Principal II, Zapatera National High School
Mr. Rommel C. Villahermosa, Assisting Principal, Don Sergio
Osmena Sr. MNHS

Language Editor:
Nenita Nacional, Principal I, Pardo Extension Elementary School

Management Team:
Dr. Rhea Mar A. Angtud, Schools Division Superintendent
Dr. Bernadette A. Susvilla, Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Mrs. Grecia F. Bataluna, CID Chief
Dr. Raylene S. Manawatao, EPS-Science
Mrs. Vanessa L. Harayo, EPS LRMDS

Printed in the Philippines by : Department of Education – Division of Cebu City

Office Address : New Imus Avenue, Barangay Day-as, Cebu City
Telephone Nos. : (032) 2551516
E-mail Address : cebu.city@deped.gov.ph

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 8

Science
Quarter 1 - Module 7
Week 7, Electricity: Current,
Voltage and Resistance

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 Lesson Electricity: Current,
Voltage and Resistance
Quarter : First Quarter
Content Standard : The learners demonstrate understanding of current-voltage-
resistance relationship, electric power, electric energy, and
home circuitry.
Competency : The learners should be able to infer the relationship between
current and voltage (S8FE-1i-31).
Duration : Week 7
Topic : Electricity: Current, Voltage and Resistance

What I Need to Know

Electricity can be a friend or foe. As a friend, it is always there to bring you
comfort, convenience, and entertainment. Life would be harder without electricity to heat, cool,
ang light our homes and to operate our appliances and tools. There are thousands of uses for
electricity. In this module, you will learn more about electricity. This will focus on the
relationship of the three quantities: current, voltage and resistance.

At the end of this module, you can accomplish the following specific learning from the
competency:

1. Describe the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance.

2. Calculate any of the three variables using the Ohm's law equation.
3. Infer the relationship between current, voltage and resistance.

What I Know
Mind Check!
It is important to know how familiar you are with the concepts in this topic. Let us
check how far you know.
PRE-ASSESSMENT
Directions: Read and answer each question below. Write you answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. What is voltage? Voltage is the __________.
A. flow of protons
B. rate at which energy is being transformed
C. difference in potential energy of charged particles
D. number of charged particles that pass each second
2. What is electric current? It is the _________.
A. resistance C. difference in potential
B. light Emitting Diode D. number of charged particles that pass a point each sound

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3. What happens if we give 230V supply to a bulb from both sides?
A. There is no light. C. It glows very brightly.
B. The bulb will explode. D. The brightness of the light will vary over time.
4. How many Volts will it take to push 1 Amp through a resistance of 1 Ohm?
A. 1 volts B. 5 volts C. 10 volts D. 48 volts
5. If the current through a circuit is 2 A and the resistance of a light bulb in the circuit is
10 ohms, what is the voltage difference across the light bulb?
A. 0.2 V B. 5 V C. 12 V D. 20 V
6. Which word means how hard it is for electrons to flow?
A. current B. power C. resistance D. voltage
7. If the Voltage is increased and the resistance stays the same, what happens to the current?
A. increase B. decrease C. stays the same D. not enough information
8. Which of the following CORRECTLY describes a current? It is the _________.
A. amount of electric charge of an object
B. rate at which electric charge pass a given point
C. buildup of electric charge on the surface of an object
D. amount of work to move a unit of electric charge between two points
9. Which of the following BEST describes an electric voltage? It is the ___________.
A. rate at which electric charges move
B. amount of electrical energy contained inside a battery
C. work needed to move an electric charge between two points
D. shock that a person experiences when he or she comes in contact with electricity
10. Plastic and wood are poor conductors of electric current while copper and steel are good
conductors. Which combination of materials will supply the most amount of resistance to an
electric current?
A. wood and steel C. plastic and wood
B. copper and steel D. plastic and copper
11. What is the main purpose of a power source when an electric circuit is set up?
A. heat B. current C. insulation D. resistance
12. Which of the statement is TRUE about resistance? It measures the ___________.
A. flow of current in a circuit
B. electromotive force on electrons
C. ratio between voltage and current
D. degree to which a material impedes the flow of electrons relative to volume
13. Which statement is CORRECT about Ohm’s Law?
A. An electrical conductor's resistance depends on the potential difference it
experiences.
B. Increasing the resistance in a circuit always decreases the potential difference
across it.
C. If resistance is kept constant, the potential difference changes directly with
changes in current.
D. When resistance increases in a circuit with a specific potential difference then the
current must also increase.
14. When a current of 10.0 A flows through a 50.0-Ω resistor in a circuit, what is the voltage
of that circuit?
A. 200 V B. 300 V C. 400 V D. 500 V
15. A 9-V battery is hooked up to a 3-Ω resistor. What current is flowing through this circuit?
a. 0.3 A B. 3 A C. 12 A D. 15

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 What’s In
To recall your lesson from previous module read and understand the given situation. I
am confident that you can do this review task without any problem.
Directions: Choose a word/s from the box below to make the statement CORRECT.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
decrease heat increase light sound
temperature time thermal energy visible light effect

1. ________ energy is transferred from one body to another due to difference in _________.
2. ________ is the total kinetic energy of moving particles of matter.
3. Sound travels at the speed of 331 m/s in dry air at 0 oC, and it gets faster when the
temperature ________.
4. ________ is produced from the vibration, while ________ results from vibration of energy.
5. ________ is made up of all the colors arranged orderly according to their wavelengths,
frequency, and energy in a spectrum.

What’s New
Electricity is part of our daily lives. Many of the activities we do every day
depend on electricity. There are three quantities that you should be familiar with in the study
of electricity. These are electric current, voltage, and resistance. To understand their
relationship, let us start answering this activity.

Activity 1
Electrical Quantities
Objective: Describe voltage, current, and resistance using water analogy.
Direction: Analyze the water analogy of voltage, current and resistance. Write your answers
of the questions below on a separate sheet of paper.

Figure 1. Water analogy of voltage, current, and resistance.

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Questions:
Q1. Based on the water analogy, what does the water represent? _________
Q2. In order for the water to flow it needs pressure, what does it represent? _______
Q3. What does the flow of water represent? _________
Q4. The flow of water in a narrow tank is less, what quantity of electricity does the
narrow tank represent? _________

Activity 2
Ohm’s Law Analogy
Objective: Explain the relationship of voltage, current, and resistance in a simple electric
circuit.
Directions: Do as directed. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Procedure:
1. Analyze the figure below. For a given amount of water pressure, in which nozzle will a
greater rate of water flow: a small (restrictive) nozzle or a large (unrestrictive) nozzle?
Explain how this relates to the study of voltage, current, and resistance in a simple electric
circuit.

Nozzle Water spray

Hose

Water supply

Answer: ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

What Is It

Electricity is a type of energy that can build up in one place or flow from one place to
another. When electricity gathers in one place it is known as static electricity (the word static
means something that does not move) while electricity that moves from one place to another
is called current electricity.

When electrons move, they carry electrical energy from one place to another. This is
called current electricity or an electric current. A lightning bolt is one example of an electric
current, although it does not last very long. Electric currents are also involved in powering all
the electrical appliances that you use, from washing machines to flashlights and from
telephones to MP3 players. These electric currents last much longer.

The three most basic components of electricity are, current, voltage, and resistance.

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► Current

Electric current is the measure of the number of electrical charges passing through a
cross-section of a conductor in a given time The direction of conventional current or simply
current is from the positive terminal to the negative terminal. An ammeter is a device used to
measure the electric current in a circuit. The https://circuitglobe.com
SI unit of current is the ampere (A) named
after the French scientist and mathematician
André Marie Ampére. In symbols,

where: Unit
q = charge = coulombs (C)
t = time = seconds (s)
I = current = ampere (A) Figure 2. Ammeter connected in a circuit.

♦ Direction of Current
You can see electrons racing around a loop like
race cars on a track, always going in the same
direction. This type of electricity is called direct
current (DC) and most toys and small gadgets have
circuits that work this way.
The bigger appliances in your home use a different
kind of electricity called alternating current (AC).
Instead of always flowing the same way, the
electrons constantly reverse direction—about 50–
60 times every second.
Figure 3. Direction of Current.
Most other electric appliances can also work using either direct or alternating current,
though some circuits do need AC to be changed to DC (or vice versa) to work correctly.

► Voltage

For charges to flow from one point to another, a difference of potential must exist
between two points. Potential difference is the amount of energy to move a charge of one
coulomb from one point to another. This energy is usually referred to as a voltage in an
electrical circuit. The unit of potential difference is the volt, represented by a capital V. The
unit of volts (V), is named after the Italian physicist Alessandro Volta who invented the voltaic
pile, known as the dry cell. In a circuit, work must be done on the charges to make them
move. A battery that consists of several dry
cells or wet cells supplies energy in electric
circuits. The chemical energy in the battery is
transformed to electrical energy. This electrical
energy moves the charges in a circuit. A
voltmeter should be connected to a circuit to
measures the voltage. The positive terminal of
a voltmeter is connected to the positive
terminal of the bulb while the negative terminal
is connected to the negative terminal of the https://www.wisconline.com

bulb. Figure 4. Voltmeter connected across a load.

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► Resistance

Resistance is the opposition a material offers to the flow of charges through it. The SI
unit of resistance is ohm, named after Georg Simon Ohm. The Greek letter omega Ω is used
to represent the unit ohm.

♦ Factors Affecting the Resistance of an Object

1. The length L of the material. Longer materials have greater resistance.
2. The cross-sectional area A of the material. larger areas offer less resistance.
3. The temperature T of the material. The higher temperatures usually result in higher
resistances.
4. The kind of material. Iron has more electrical resistance than a geometrically similar
copper conductor.

How are the voltage, current and resistance

related in an electrical circuit?

Ohm’s Law

In 1827 Georg Simon Ohm experimentally established the relation among electric
current, resistance, and potential difference in an electric circuit. He found out that the current
passing through a conductor varies directly as the potential difference applied at its ends and
inversely as the resistance of the conductor. This statement is called Ohm’s Law.

Applied to the whole circuit,

where IT is the total current, E is the electromotive force or

the voltage of the cell or battery, RT is the total resistance of the
circuit.

Applied to a portion of the circuit,

where: units:
I = is the current = in ampere (A)
V = is the potential difference = in volts (V)
R = is the resistance = in ohms (Ω)

In finding the voltage (V), In finding the resistance (R),

V = IR

Sample Problem:
What will be the current through a
resistance of 150 Ω if the applied
voltage can across the resistance is
117 V? Formula:
Solution:
Given:
r = 150 Ω Substitute the given to the formula:
v = 117 V I = 117 V
Unknown: 150 Ω
I=? I = 0.78 A

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 Try this! (Write your solutions in a separate sheet of paper.)
1. A voltmeter connected across a resistance reads 220 V, and an ammeter connected in
series with the resistance reads 2.60 A. What is the value of the resistance?
2. An electronic device has a resistance of 25 ohms and a current of 20 A. What is the
voltage across the device?
3. What is the current of a light bulb with a resistance of 15 Ω connected to a 220 V?

What’s More
Activity 3
Build a Flashlight
Objectives: To build a working flashlight to determine the relationship between current,
voltage and resistance.
Materials: one cardboard tube flashlight bulb paper cup scissor
one dry cell aluminum foil duct tape
Procedure:
1. Insert the dry cell inside the cardboard tube to check if the fit is right. After removing the
battery from the tube, punch two holes on the side (near the middle) of the tube about three
(3) cm apart.
2. Connect a 10 cm wire to each terminal of the battery using the small strips of duct tape.
Touch the loose ends of the wires to a flashlight bulb to identify where to connect them.
3. Wrap an aluminum foil on a paper cup. Poke a hole in the bottom of the paper cup that is
slightly smaller than the bulb.
4. Secure the base of the light bulb through the hole.
5. Pass the long wire through one of the holes in the tube. Tape it to the side of the tube,
leaving 2 cm outside the tube. The other end should reach the end of the tube.
6. Insert the battery of the tube. Be sure to pass the wire attached to the bottom of the battery
through the other hole in the tube. Check if the two wires outside the tube can touch.
7. Secure the battery inside the tube using the duct tape.
8. Attach the wires from the end of the tube to the contact points on the bulb. Make sure that
all connections are tight.
9. Connect the two free ends of the wires together. Did the bulb light? If it doesn’t, check to
make sure that all connections are taped together securely.

https://www.energizer.com

Figure 5. Sample DIY Flashlight.

Questions: Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Q1. Describe your flashlight. What are the necessary materials needed to light a
flashlight and what do they perform/do? ______________
Q2. Compare your flashlight to a commercial one. Is there any difference in their
function? Explain. ______________

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 Q3. If you add another dry cell, does the brightness of the light change? What can be
inferred to the current and voltage passing through the flashlight bulb? ___________
Q4. If you will change your flashlight bulb to a bigger one, what will happen to its
brightness? Explain. ______________
Q5. From the activity, what can you conclude of the relationship of current, voltage and
resistance? ______________

What I Have Learned

Directions: Copy and complete the concept map below. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.

What I Can Do
Think this Over: Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

https://slidetodoc.com
How did this model
represent electric, current,
voltage and resistance?

Figure 6. Model of an electric Current.

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 Assessment
It’s time to check what you have learned!
Directions: Read each question carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. What are the two factors that influence resistance? The two factors are ________
and _________.
A. work and force C. power and energy
B. power and volts D. current and voltage
2. How is current measured? It is measured in __________.
A. Ω (Ohms) B. A (Amps) C. V (Volts) D. W (Watts)
3. Which among the following is considered to be the rate at which charge is flowing?
A. circuit B. current C. resistance D. voltage
4. If both sides of a light bulb that are connected to both battery terminals are of the same
voltage, what happens to the light bulb?
A. There is no light. C. It glows very brightly.
B. The bulb will explore. D. The brightness of the light will vary over time.
5. If the engine running the charging system produces 14.5 Volts, what would the current
flow be if a resistance of 6 Ohms was present?
A. 0.3333 A B. 2.1 A C. 2.41 A D. 2.52 A
6. How do you calculate voltage?
A. current x resistance C. resistance ÷ current
B. current ÷ resistance D. measure it with a ruler
7. How do you calculate current?
A. resistance x voltage C. voltage x resistance
B. resistance ÷ voltage D. voltage ÷ resistance
8. How do you calculate resistance?
A. current x amps C. voltage x current
B. current ÷ voltage D. voltage ÷ current
9. What voltage is needed to cause a 2A current flow through a 10Ω resistor?
A. 0.2 V B. 10 V C. 20 V D. 200 V
10. What resistance is needed to cause a 20A current flow because of a 100V battery?
A. 0.2Ω B. 5 Ω C. 120 Ω D. 2000 Ω
11. When a current of 10A flows through a 50Ω resistor in a circuit, what is the voltage of
that circuit?
A. 0.20 V B. 5 V C. 60 V D. 500 V
12. Why does Ohm’s Law hold TRUE ONLY at a constant temperature? Because as
temperature increases _________.
A. electrical resistance in most materials decreases
B. the potential difference in most batteries decreases
C. electrical resistance in most materials increases as well
D. the potential difference in most batteries increases as well
13. Which word CORRECTLY completes this statement about electrical safety? Some
electronic devices, such as computers, retain some _____ even when they are unplugged, so
you should not attempt to repair them yourself.
A. charge B. current C. resistance D. voltage
14. Which words CORRECTLY complete this statement about an electrical breaker?
Most home refrigerators are connected to a 30 _____ breaker in a breaker box, which will be
triggered if excess _____ flows through the breaker?
A. Amp, current B. Amp, voltage C. Volt, current D. Volt, voltage
15. What component protects the appliance from overloading?
A. diode B. earth wire C. fuse D. neutral wire

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 Additional Activities
Directions: Write at least three (3) paragraph well-organized poem with an effective lead
and ending on a separate sheet of paper.

In your poem, you make a connection between the concepts of electricity and the
context of your day-to-day life. You may include words such as light bulbs, traffic light, lamp,
flashlight, and even the moon, sun, star, etc. You can refer to the given rubric below in
composing your poem.

A sample title of a poem is “Light is Everywhere”, which is a true reflection of reality.

Sometimes we go through dark and tough times especially during this pandemic, but we are
lucky that we are surrounded by people who light up and brighten up our world through
kindness, concern, and compassion.

Rubrics
Criteria Rating
Content The knowledge of the topic is excellent. 5 points
Organization Information/ideas are well-organized 5 points
with continuity.
Originality The ideas are creative and witty. 5 points
Composition The overall quality and the focus are 5 points
evident.
Total 20 points

References:
Printed References:
Campo, Pia C. et al.,2013. Science 8 Learner’s Module, First Edition. Vibal Publishing
House, Inc., Philippines
Madriaga, Estrellita A., et al.,2015. Science Link 8, Revised Edition. REX Printing Company,
Inc., Philippines
Ferriols-Pavico, Josefina Ma. Et al., 2013. Exploring Life Through Science Series, Copyright
2013. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., Philippines

Website References:
https://www.explainthatstuff.com/electricity.html
https://physicsabout.com/resistance/
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/voltage-current-resistance-and-ohms-law/resistance
https://www.paulding.k12.ga.us › filedownload

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Answer Key

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Printed in the Philippines by : Department of Education – Division of Cebu City

Office Address : New Imus Avenue, Barangay Day-as, Cebu City
Telephone Nos. : (032) 2551516
E-mail Address : cebu.city@deped.gov.ph

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