9

Technology and
Vocational Education
Quarter 03_W1

Unit of EXPLAIN THE PRINCIPLE OF AUTO

Competency: ELECTRICITY

Module No.: 1 Module Title: Ohm’s law.

TVE_Automotive
9_03_Module 1_W1

TESTING AND REPAIRING WIRING/LIGHTING SYSTEM (TRW)

First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education – Division of Bohol

Schools Division Superintendent: Bianito A. Dagatan, EdD, CESO V
Assistants Schools Division Superintendent: Marina S. Salamanca PhD, CESE
Casiana P. Caberte PhD, CESE

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Greg A. Ocdenaria
Editors: Grace P. Mendez
Reviewers: Zenaida P. Miano, Gina B. Castaňares, Delia G. Rafols, Delilah C. Atup, Leah
Vanessa Aton, Jocelyn T. Rotersos
Management Team: Bianito A, Dagatan EdD, CESO V
Marina S. Salamanca PhD, CESE
Casiana P. Caberte PhD, CESE
Carmela S. Restificar PhD
Grace P. Mendez PhD
Josephine D. Eronico PhD

Department of Education – Region VII, Division of Bohol

Office Address: 50 Lino Chatto Drive, Cogon District, Tagbilaran City, Bohol
Telephone Nos. (038) 412- 4938 (038) 411-2544 (038) 501-7550
Telefax: (038) 501-7550
E-mail Address:deped.bohol@deped.gov.ph
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Technology and Vocational Education Grade 9 Alternative Delivery

Mode (ADM) Module on Automotive Servicing NC I – Industrial Arts !

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from
public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the
learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their
personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning
activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire
the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and
circumstances.

Notes to the Teacher

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use

this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while
allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Technology and Vocational Education 9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)
Module on (Ohm’s Law)

This learning material was prepared to help you achieve the required competency, in
testing and repairing wiring/lighting system. This will be the source of information for
you to acquire knowledge and skills in this particular trade with minimum supervision
or help from your instructor. With the aid of this material you will acquire the
competency independently and at your own pace.
The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate
to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain
deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 What I Need to Know

You may learn from this module about Ohm’s Law.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Explain Ohm’s law.
2. Use Ohm’s law in calculating electrical problems.
3. Appreciate the importance of Ohm’s law in relation to voltage, current, and
resistance.

What I Know

Identification. Fill the blanks with correct answer. (Write your answer in a separate sheet
of paper)

1. ____________
current that flows in one direction only.
2. ____________
the force that makes the electron to flow.
3. ____________
current that continually reverses its direction of flow.
4. ____________
is an electrical connection in which the input of one element is connected
to the input of another element.
5. ____________ A German physicist who established that electric pressure (EMF) in volts,
electrical resistance in ohms, and the amount of current in amperes
flowing through any circuit are all related.

What’s In

Reviewing the previous lesson. Functions of Ignition system components.

Multiple Choice. Select the correct answer. Choose the letter only. (Use separate sheet for
your answer)

1. It is the point in the distributor assembly that distributes high voltage from coil
center cable to different spark plug.
A. spark plugs C. condenser
B. contact point D. breaker point type
2. It is a type of distributor assembly that consist of the following parts; contact point,
condenser, springs, lobes, contact set attaching screw, breaker plate, dwell-angle
adjusting slot, vacuum advance unit and primary lead.
A. breaker point type C. ignition coil
B. breaker less type D. distributor
3. The rotating parts of the distributor assembly that distributes high voltage from coil
center cable to different spark plug.
A. ignition switch C rotor
B. ignition resistor D. contact point
 4. It is a key-operated main power switch that opens and closes the circuit that
supplies current to the ignition and other electrical system.
A ignition resistor C. ignition switch
B. condenser D. rotor
5. It is device connected into the ignition primary circuit to reduce battery voltage to the
coil during engine operation.
A. ignition resistor C. ignition switch
B. condenser D. ignition coil

Notes to the Learner

Work through all information and complete the activities in each section.
Read information sheets and complete the self-check or activities therein.
Suggested references are included to supplement the materials provided in this
module.

What’s New

Lesson
OHM’S LAW
1

Concept Notes

Definition of Electricity

The word electricity comes from the Greek word elektron, meaning “amber” (a fossil
resin). The ancients produced electric charges by rubbing amber with wool. This
produced static electricity, which was the first known type of electricity. It is called
“static” (motionless) because the charge is at rest and not moving through a wire.

Atom is the smallest particle of a matter.

There are three particles of an atom:

1. Proton is positively charged.
2. Neutron has no charge or neutral particles.
3. Electron is negatively charged particles.

Two types of electric current:

1. Direct Current (DC) – when the free electrons are moving in a constant direction.
2. Alternating Current (AC) – when the direction and motion and the size of the current
vary periodically with time.
Three types of circuit:
1. Series circuit – circuit in which the devices are connected end to end, positive
terminal to negative terminal. The same current flows through all the devices in the
circuit.
2. Parallel circuit – circuit wherein the load or devices are connected across
each other. The current flows in different directions.
3. Series/Parallel circuit – a combination of series and parallel circuit.

OHM’S LAW

A German physicist, Georg Simon Ohm (1787-1854), established that electric

pressure (EMF) in volts, electrical resistance in ohms, and the amount of current in
amperes flowing through any circuit are all related. As the electric pressure goes up,
more electrons flow. Increasing the voltage increases the ampere of current. However,
increasing the resistance decreases the amount of current that flows. These
relationships can be summed up in a statement known as Ohm’s law.
Ohm’s law can also be stated as a simple formula that can be used to calculate one
value of an electrical circuit if the other two are known:

Voltage is equal to current times resistance:

E = IR
Where:
I = current in amperes (A)
E = electromotive force (EMF) in volts (V)
R = resistance in ohms ( Ω

Here is a simple and easy to remember technique about Ohm’s law. Put in mind any
one of the three equations or formulas and then, transpose and equate any unknown in
the given problem by means of cross multiplication:

1. I = E/R, Assuming that VOLTAGE is unknown in the problem, find the formula of
the voltage.
E = IR - - - So, the result of transposition by means of cross multiplication is:
voltage equals current times the resistance.

2. E = IR, Assuming that RESISTANCE is unknown in the problem, find the formula
for the resistance.
IR = E - - - Since resistance is required, bring down letter (I) leaving letter (R)
which is unknown.

3. E=IR, Assuming that CURRENT now is unknown and required in the problem, find
the formula for the current.
R = E/I - - - The result of transposition by means of cross multiplication is:
resistance equals voltage divided by the current.

Ex. # 1. A circuit has a resistance of 5 ohms. If a voltmeter connected across its

terminals read 12 volts, how much current is flowing through the circuit?

Given: R = 5 ohms; E = 12 volts; I = ?

Solution:
I = E/R
= 12/5
I = 2.4 amp.

Ex. # 2. The hot resistance of the incandescent lamp is 220 ohms it requires 0.5 ampere
to cause it to glow, what voltage must be impressed across it?

Given: R = 220 ohms; I = 0.5 ohms; E = ?

Solution:
E = IR = 0.5 x 220 = 110 volts
 What is It

CALCULATION AND COMPARISON OF SERIES CIRCUIT AND PARALLEL CIRCUIT

Since, series circuit is defined as one in which the resistive elements are connected
in a continuous run (connected end to end) and since the circuit is connected in
continuous line, the current is flowing through each individual resistance. The total
potential across the entire circuit equals the sum of voltage drops across each individual
resistance.
While parallel circuit is defined as a divided circuit in which the same voltage
appears across each resistance in the group, the current flowing through each resistance
is inversely proportional to the value of the resistance and the sum total of all the
currents, however, is equal to the total current leaving the circuit.
In series circuit connections, these are the important things to remember in
computing and solving for the current (I), voltage (E) and resistance (R).

SERIES CONNECTION

Total current Iᵼ = I₁ = I₂ = I₃ equal current or constant

Total voltage Eᵼ = Eᵼ + E₂ + E₃ voltage addition

Total resistance Rᵼ = R₁ + R₂ + R₃ resistance addition

Example. If the individual resistance connected in series in the circuit are 6, 8, and 20
ohms respectively, what potential or voltage must the battery supply to force a current of
2 amperes through the circuit?

Given: Iᵼ = 2 amperes; R₁ = 6 ohms; R₂ = 8 ohms; R₃ = 20 ohms; Eᵼ = ? Or required in

the problem.
Solution:
Rᵼ = R₁ + R₂ + R₃
= 6 + 8 + 20
= 34 ohms
Eᵼ = IR
= 2 (34)
= 68 volts

In parallel circuit connection, important things to remember in computing and

solving for the current (I), voltage (E), resistance (R).
PARALLEL CONNECTION

Total current Iᵼ = I₁ + I₂ + I₃ Current addition

Total voltage Eᵼ = Eᵼ = E₂ = E₃ Equal voltage or constant

1 __________

Total resistance Rᵼ = 1_ + __1__ + __1_ The total resistance in parallel

R₁ R₂ R₃ is smaller than the value of
the smallest value of the
resistor in the group.
OR
Rᵼ = _R₁ x R₂_
R₁ + R₂
Example. What is the equivalent resistance and the total current of the circuit if the
voltage across is 12 volts? Resistances connected in parallel are 2 and 4 ohms
respectively.

Given: Eᵼ = 12 volts; R₁ = 2 ohms; R₂ = 4 ohms

Required: Rᵼ = ? and Iᵼ = ?

Solution:
a) Rᵼ = _R₁ x R₂_
R₁ + R₂

Rᵼ = _2 x 4_ = _8_ = 1.33 ohms

2 + 4 6

b) I = E/R or Iᵼ = _Eᵼ_
Rᵼ

Substitute = _12__ = 9 amperes

1.33

What’s More

Instruction: Calculate the following using Ohm’s law formula.

1. Calculate the current that will flow in a 20 ohms resistor if 115 volts are
applied.

Given: R = 20 ohms; E = 115 volts

Required: I = ?

2. If a potential across a circuit is 36 volts dc and the current is 15 amperes, what

is the resistance?

Given: E = 36 volts; I = 15 amperes

Required: R = ?

3. The resistance of a wire is 20 ohms it requires 5 amperes to cause it to glow,

what voltage must be impressed across it?

Given: R = 20 ohms; I = 5 amperes

Required: E = ?

What I Have Learned

Identification: Identify the correct answer of the following questions;

1. Define as the current flowing through each resistance is inversely proportional to
the value of the resistance and the sum total of all the currents, however, is equal
to the total current leaving the circuit.
2. As the electric pressure goes up, more electrons flow. Increasing the voltage
increases the ampere of current. However, increasing the resistance decreases the
amount of current that flows.
 3. It is called ________________ because the charge is at rest and not moving through a
wire.
4. Defined as one in which the resistive elements are connected in a continuous run
(connected end to end) and since the circuit is connected in continuous line, the
current is flowing through each individual resistance.
5. A German physicist, who established that electric pressure (EMF) in volts, electrical
resistance in ohms, and the amount of current in amperes flowing through any
circuit are all related.

What I Can Do

Calculate the following problems using series and parallel formulas as well Ohm’s
law. Please use separate sheet for your answer.

1. Four resistors of 6.2, 8.3, 7.5, and 18 ohms are connected in series across a 115
volt dc source. Determine: (a) total resistance of the circuit, (b) current, (c) voltage
across each resistor.

Given: R₁ = 6.2 ohms; R₂ = 8.3 ohms; R₃ = 7.5 ohms; R4=18 ohms

Required:
a) Rᵼ (total resistance of the circuit)
b) I (current)
c) V (voltage across each resistor)

2. A parallel circuit consist of two resistors connected across a 120 volts supply. The
first resistance has 10 ohms and the other resistance is unknown. The total
current is 30 amperes; calculate: (a) the unknown current (b) the unknown
resistance.

Given: E = 120 volts; R₁ = 10 ohms; Iᵼ = 30 amperes

Required:
a) Rᵼ =?
b) Iᵼ =?

3. If the pressure across the pure resistance circuit is 250 volts, what is the value of
resistance to permit the flow of 20 amperes?
Given: E = 250 volts; I = 20 amperes
Required: R = ?

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Select the one, correct, or most probable answer of the following
question. Write the letter only. (Use separate sheet for your answer.
1. A circuit in which the devices are connected end to end, positive terminal to
negative terminal.
A. Close circuit C. Series circuit
B. Open circuit D. Parallel Circuit
 2. The smallest particle of matter is called –
A. Electron C. Proton
B. Atom D. Nucleus
3. The three particles of electricity includes the following EXCEPT-
A. Positive C. Neutral
B. Negative D. Atom
4. The circuit wherein the load or devices are connected across each other.
A. Close circuit C. Series circuit
B. Parallel Circuit D. Open circuit
5. Increasing the voltage increases the ampere of current. However, increasing the
resistance decreases the amount of current that flows. These relationships can be
summed up in a statement known as –
A. Ohm’s law. C. Voltage law
B. Martial law D. Boyle’s law

Additional Activities

Enhancing / improving the week lesson

Identification. Answer the questions immediately.

1. What instrument is used to measure the following?

a. the resistance of the circuit
b. the current in circuits?
c. the potential across the load?

Reflection of the Week!

“No one not even his neighbor likes a poor man, but the rich have many friends...”
References:

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region VII, Division of Bohol

Office Address: 50 Lino Chatto Drive, Cogon District,

Tagbilaran City, Bohol
Telephone Nos. (038) 412- 4938 (038) 411-2544 (038) 501-7550
Telefax: (038) 501-7550
E-mail Address: deped.bohol@deped.gov.ph

Answer Key
 What I know What's In What I have learned Assessment
1. DC 1. B 1. Parallel 1. C
2. Voltage 2. A 2. Ohm’s Law 2. B
3. AC 3. C 3. Static Electricity 3. D
4. Parallel 4. C 4. Series 4. B
5. Georg Simon Ohm 5. A 5. Georg Simon Ohm 5. A

What’s More
1. I = E/R 2. R = E/I 3. E = IR
= 115/20 = 36/15 = 5 (20)
= 5.75 amp. = 2.4 ohms = 100 volts

What I Can Do
1. a) Rᵼ = R₁ + R₂ + R₃ + R4 = 6.2 +6.3 + 7.5 + 18 = 40 ohms

b) I = Eᵼ/Rᵼ = 115/40 = 2.875 amp.

c) E₁ = IR₁ = 2.875(6.2) = 17.825 volts

E₂ = IR₂ = 2.875(8.3) = 23.8625 volts

E₃ = IR₃ = 2.875(7.5) = 21.5625 volts

E4 = IR4 = 2.875(18) = 51.75 volts

2. a) I₁ = E/R₁ = 120/10 = 12 amp.

I₂ = Iᵼ - IR₁ = 30 – 12 = 18 amp.

b) R₂ = E/I = 120/18 = 6.666 ohms

3. R = E/I = 250/20 = 12.5 ohms

Additional Activities
1. Ohmmeter
2. Ammeter
3. Voltmeter

9
TVE_Automotive
 TECHNOLOGY AND
VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
Quarter 03_W2

AUTOMOTIVE SERVICING NC-I

Unit of EXPLAIN THE PRINCIPLE OF AUTO

Competency: ELECTRICITY

Module No.: 2 Module Title: Law of Magnetism

What I Need to Know

You may learn from this module about the Law of Magnetism.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

Unit of Competency: CHECK IGNITION SYSTEM

  Explain the laws of magnetism and electric charges.

What I Know

Identification. Fill the blanks with the correct answer. Write your answer in a separate
sheet of paper.

1. _____________ the ability either natural or produced by a flow of electric current, to

attract iron.
2. _____________ a coil of wire (usually around an iron core) that produces magnetism as
an electric current passes through it.
3. _____________ the pole at which the magnetic lines of force enters a magnet.
4. _____________ the pole from which the magnetic line of force leave a magnet.
5. _____________ objects (one positive and one negative) attracted or moved toward each
other.

What’s In

Multiple Choice. Select the one, correct, or most probable answer of the following
question. Write the letter only. (Use separate sheet for your answer)

1. A circuit in which the devices are connected end to end, positive terminal to
negative terminal.
A. Open circuit C. Parallel Circuit
B. Close circuit D. Series circuit
2. The smallest particle of matter is called –
A. Atom C. Nucleus
B. Electron D. Proton
3. The three particles of electricity includes the following EXCEPT-
A. Negative C. Atom
B. Positive D. Neutral
4. The circuit wherein the load or devices are connected across each other.
A. Parallel Circuit C. Open circuit
B. Close circuit D. Series circuit
5. Increasing the voltage increases the ampere of current. However, increasing the
resistance decreases the amount of current that flows. These relationships can be
summed up in a statement known as –
A. Martial law C. Boyle’s law
B. Ohm’s law. D. Voltage law

What’s New

Lesson
THE LAW OF MAGNETISM
2
Concept Notes
 LAW OF MAGNETISM
Magnetism is the ability either natural or produced by a flow of electric current, to
attract iron. Two forms of Magnetism are natural and electromagnet.

Two important facts about magnetism:

1. Magnetism can produce electricity.
2. Electricity can produce magnetism and magnetism produced by a flow of electric
current is called “electromagnet”.

ELECTROMAGNET – a coil of wire (usually around an iron core) that produces

magnetism as an electric current passes through it.

Two kinds of Magnetic Poles:

1. North pole–the pole from which the magnetic line of force leave a magnet.
2. South pole – the pole at which the magnetic lines of force enter a magnet.

It was also discovered that “like” charged objects (either positive or both negative)
repelled or moved away from each other. “Unlike” charged objects (one positive and one
negative) attracted or moved toward each other.

What is It

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

Basic Principles of Electricity

Electricity is the phenomenon associated with either stationary or moving electric
charges. The source of the electric charge could be an elementary particle, an electron
(which has a negative charge), a proton (which has a positive charge), an ion, or any larger
body that has an imbalance of positive and negative charge. Positive and negative charges
attracts each other (e.g., protons are attracted to electrons), while like charges repel each
other (e.g., protons repel other protons and electrons repel other electrons). 
Familiar examples of electricity include lightning, electrical current from an outlet or
battery, and static electricity. Common SI units of electricity include the ampere (A) for
current, coulomb (C) for electric charge, volt (V) for potential difference, ohm (Ω) for
resistance, and watt (W) for power. A stationary point charge has an electric field, but if
the charge is set in motion, it also generates a magnetic field.

Basic Principles of Magnetism

Magnetism is defined as the physical phenomenon produced by moving electric
charge. Also, a magnetic field can induce charged particles to move, producing an electric
current. An electromagnetic wave (such as light) has both an electric and magnetic
component. The two components of the wave travel in the same direction, but oriented at
a right angle (90 degrees) to one another.
 Like electricity, magnetism produces attraction and repulsion between objects.
While electricity is based on positive and negative charges, there are no known magnetic
monopoles. Any magnetic particle or object has a "north" and "south" pole, with the
directions based on the orientation of the Earth's magnetic field. Like poles of a
magnet repel each other (e.g., north repels north), while opposite poles attract one another
(north and south attract).
Familiar examples of magnetism include a compass needle's reaction to Earth's
magnetic field, attraction and repulsion of bar magnets, and the field surrounding
electromagnets. Yet, every moving electric charge has a magnetic field, so the orbiting
electrons of atoms produce a magnetic field; there is a magnetic field associated with
power lines; and hard discs and speakers rely on magnetic fields to function.
Key SI units of magnetism include the tesla (T) for magnetic flux density, weber
(Wb) for magnetic flux, ampere per meter (A/m) for magnetic field strength, and henry (H)
for inductance.

The Fundamental Principles of Electromagnetism

The word electromagnetism comes from a combination of the Greek works elektron,
meaning "amber" and magnetis lithos, meaning "Magnesian stone," which is a magnetic
iron ore. The ancient Greeks were familiar with electricity and magnetism, but considered
them to be two separate phenomena.
The relationship known as electromagnetism wasn't described until James Clerk
Maxwell published A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism in 1873. Maxwell's work
included twenty famous equations, which have since been condensed into four partial
differential equations. The basic concepts represented by the equations are as follows: 
Like electric charges repel, and unlike electric charges attract. The force of
attraction or repulsion is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between
them. Magnetic poles always exist as north-south pairs. Like poles repel like and attract
unlike.
An electric current in a wire generates a magnetic field around the wire. The
direction of the magnetic field (clockwise or counterclockwise) depends on the direction of
the current. This is the "right hand rule," where the direction of the magnetic field follows
the fingers of your right hand if your thumb is pointing in the current direction. Moving a
loop of wire toward or away from a magnetic field induces a current in the wire. The
direction of the current depends on the direction of the movement.

The Law of Magnetism and Electricity

The operation of electric motors is governed by various laws of electricity and
magnetism, including Faraday's law of induction, Ampère's circuital law, Lenz' law, and
the Lorentz force. ... Together with Lenz' law and the Lorentz force, these principles form
the basis of electromagnetism.
Faraday's First Law of Electrolysis states that the chemical deposition due to the
flow of current through an electrolyte is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity
(coulombs) passed through it.
In the electric field, the like charges repel each other, and the unlike charges
attract each other, whereas in a magnetic field the like poles repel each other and the
unlike poles attract each other.

Electric fields are strongest close to a charge or charged conductor, and their
strength rapidly diminishes with distance from it. ... In contrast to electric fields, a
magnetic field is only produced once a device is switched on and current flows. The higher
the current, the greater the strength of the magnetic field.

The strongest permanent magnets in the world are neodymium (Nd) magnets, they
are made from magnetic material made from an alloy of neodymium, iron and boron to
form the Nd2Fe14B structure.

Electric and magnetic SI units

Symbol Name of Quantity Derived Units

E Electric field Volt/Meter
Q Electric Charge Coulomb
 D Electric displacement field Coulomb / Squaremeter
H Magnetic field Ampere / Meter

Permanent magnets are commonly made from ceramic, alnico, and neodymium.
Ceramic magnets are strong, and work well for most experiments. Alnico magnets are
stronger and more expensive, and work very well for science experiments. Neodymium
magnets are the strongest and most expensive of the three.

Types of magnet
1. Neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) – Permanent magnet.
2. Samarium cobalt (SmCo) – Permanent magnet.
3. Alnico – Permanent magnet.
4. Ceramic or ferrite magnets – Permanent magnet.
5. Temporary Magnets – magnetized in the presence of a magnetic field.

What’s More

Instruction: Supply the missing word/s that completes the basic principles of
magnetism. Please use separate sheet for your answer. Thank you.

1. ______________ is defined as the physical phenomenon produced by moving electric

charge. Also, a magnetic field can induce charged particles to move, producing an electric
current.
Like 2. ____________, magnetism produces attraction and repulsion between objects.
While electricity is based on positive and negative charges, there are no known magnetic
monopoles. Any magnetic particle or object has a 3. ________________________, with the
directions based on the orientation of the Earth's magnetic field.
Familiar examples of magnetism include a compass needle's reaction to Earth's
magnetic field, 4. _____________ and 5. _____________ of bar magnets, and the field
surrounding electromagnets.

What I Have Learned

Instructions: Fill the blanks with the correct answer. Strictly, write your answer in a
separate sheet of paper.

1. _______________ is the phenomenon associated with either stationary or moving electric

charges.
2. The negatively charged particle of electricity is called _________________.
3. The positively charged particle of electricity is called _________________.
4. The SI unit for current is _______________.
5. The SI unit for electric charge is ______________.
 What I Can Do

Instructions: Answer the following questions briefly;

1. What law does magnetism and electricity follow?
2. What is the difference between electric charge and magnetic charge?

Assessment

Instruction: Select the best, most probable to each question. Write the letter only.

1. The pole at which the magnetic lines of force enters a magnet.

A. Inter pole C. North pole
B. South pole D. Polar zone
2. The ability either natural or produced by a flow of electric current, to attract iron.
A. Iron core C. Electromagnet
B. Magnetism D. Electricity
3. The pole from which the magnetic line of force leave a magnet.
A. Inter pole C. North pole
B. South pole D. Polar zone
4. An objects (one positive and one negative) attracted or moved toward each other
A. Magnetism C. Like charge
B. Electricity D. Unlike charge
5. A coil of wire (usually around an iron core) that produces magnetism as an electric
current passes through it.
A. Magnetism C. Electromagnet
B. Electricity D. Magnetic flux
.

Additional Activities

Instructions: Answer the following questions briefly (Please use separate paper for your
answer).
1. What is Faraday’s first law?
2. What is the best type of magnet?
3. What is the strongest magnetic material?

Reflection of the Week!

“An idea well-expressed is like a design of gold, set in silver...”

References
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region VII, Division of Bohol

Office Address: 50 Lino Chatto Drive, Cogon District,

Tagbilaran City, Bohol
Telephone Nos. (038) 412- 4938 (038) 411-2544 (038) 501-7550
Telefax: (038) 501-7550
E-mail Address: deped.bohol@deped.gov.ph
 Answer Key

What I Know What’s In What’s More

1. Magnetism
2. Electromagnet 1. D 1. Magnetism
3. South pole 2. A 2. electricity
4. North pole 3. C 3. "north" and
5. “Unlike” charged 4. A "south" pole
objects 5. B 4. attraction
5. repulsion

What I Can Do
What I Have 1. Faraday's law of Assessment
Learned induction, Ampère's
1. B
circuital law, Lenz' law,
1. Electricity 2. B
Lorentz force, Lenz' law,
2. Electron 3. C
Lorentz force 4. D
3. Proton
4. Ampere 2. In the electric field, 5. C
5. Coulomb the like charges repel
each other, and the
unlike charges attract
each other, whereas in
a magnetic field the like
poles repel each other
and the unlike poles
attract each other.

Answer Key for: Additional Activities

1. Faraday's First Law of Electrolysis states that the chemical deposition due to the
flow of current through an electrolyte is directly proportional to the quantity of
electricity (coulombs) passed through it.
2. Alnico magnets are stronger and more expensive, and work very well for science
experiments.
3. The strongest permanent magnets in the world are neodymium (Nd) magnets, they
are made from magnetic material made from an alloy of neodymium, iron and
boron to form the Nd2Fe14B structure.
 9
Technology and Vocational
Education
Quarter 3_W3

AUTOMOTIVE SERVICING NC-I

Unit of EXPLAIN THE PRINCIPLE OF AUTO
Competency: ELECTRICITY

Module No.: 3 Module Title: Automotive Electrical Circuits

 What I Need to Know

You may learn from this module about Automotive Electrical Circuits.
After going through this module, you are expected to:

 Enumerate the parts of a simple circuit.

 Draw schematic diagram of an automotive electrical circuit.
 Connect the parts of a simple circuit.

What I Know

Identification test. Fill the blanks with the correct answer. Write your answer in a
separate sheet of paper.
1. __________ is the route in which an electrical current will flow.
2. __________ is a supply from which a current originates.
3. __________ is used to open and close the flow of current and protection from harmful
overloads.
4. __________ a strand of metal, usually copper, that is encased in plastic or another
insulating material and is used to carry an electric current.
5. __________ anything that consumes electricity.

What’s In

Reviewing the law of magnetism:

Instruction: Select the best, most probable to each question. Write the letter only.

1. The pole from which the magnetic line of force leave a magnet.
A. South pole C. Polar zone
B. Inter pole D. North pole
2. The pole at which the magnetic lines of force enters a magnet.
A. South pole C. Polar zone
B. Inter pole D. North pole
3. An objects (one positive and one negative) attracted or moved toward each other
A. Magnetism C. Like charge
B. Electricity D. Unlike charge
4. A coil of wire (usually around an iron core) that produces magnetism as an electric
current passes through it.
A. Electricity C. Magnetic flux
B. Magnetism D. Electromagnet
5. The ability either natural or produced by a flow of electric current, to attract iron.
A. Magnetism C. Electricity
B. Iron core D. Electromagnet
 Notes to the Learners
If you feel you have some of the skills, talk to your trainer about having them
formally recognized. If you have qualification or Certificates of Competency from
previous training, show it to your trainer. If the skills you acquired are still relevant
to the module, they may become part of the evidence you can present for RPL.

What’s New

Lesson
AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
3
AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

CIRCUIT – is the complete path of an electric current including the current source. When
the path is continuous, the circuit is closed and current flows. When the path is broken,
the circuit is open and no current flows.
In an automotive electrical circuit, one of the wires from each load returning to battery is
connected to the vehicle body or frame.

Therefore, the vehicle body or frame itself functions as a conductor, allowing current to
flow through the body or frame and back to battery. The body or frame is then referred to
as the ground or earth of the circuit (meaning that part of the circuit that returns the
current to the battery). Therefore, the two wiring diagrams below have the same meaning,
but in this manual, they be presented as shown in the wiring diagram below.

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT

PATH CURRENT
CONSUMING
DEVICE

CONTROL

SOURCE

Fig. 3. Complete Parts of a Circuit

PARTS OF A COMPLETE CIRCUIT

Every complete circuit contains the following parts:

1. A power source, such as a car’s battery.

2. Controller is used to open and close the flow of current and protection from harmful
overloads (excessive current flow). Fuses, circuit breakers, and fusible links are examples
of electrical circuit protection devices.

3. A path for the current to flow through from the power source to the resistance (a light
bulb in this example) is usually an insulated copper wire.

4. The electrical “load” or resistance – is an opposition to the flow of electric current.

Anything that consumes electricity is a resistance.

What is It

ACTIVITY SHEET 3.1

CONNECTING PARTS OF A CIRCUIT

SUPPLIES AND MATERIALS TOOLS EQUIPMENT

o Automotive wires ο Electrical pliers ο Battery 12 volts

o Lamp with socket (12V) ο Long nose pliers
o Toggle switch ο Screw drivers
ο Test light

Plan/Working Drawing:

PATH

CONTROL CONSUMING DEVICE

SOURCE

Fig. 3-1. Sample plan used in the parts of a circuit.

PROCEDURE:

1. Prepare the necessary tools, materials and equipment.

2. Connect a wire from the positive terminal of the lamp to the ACC terminal of the
ignition switch.
3. Connect a wire from the AM/BATT terminal of the ignition switch to the positive
terminal of the battery.
4. Connect the negative terminal of the battery to the ground of a lamp.

NOTE:
o Check for the looseness of connection of wires, it can cause an open circuit or high
resistance.
o Always check your work before operating the circuit.
o A major cause of electrical troubles is excessive resistance in circuits, which can be
due to poor connections, defective wires, or bad switch contacts.
o Do these at home with your peer. You can use motorcycle battery for your
convenience. Send to me the video output through my messenger/fb.

What’s More

SELF-CHECK 3.1
CONNECTING PARTS OF A CIRCUIT

Directions: This checklist determines your level of knowledge and mastery about
connecting parts of a circuit. Accomplish the following checklist.
SELF-RATING COMPETENCY CHECKLIST
IN CONNECTING PARTS OF A CIRCUIT

I can do this
I cannot do this I am learning but I need to I can do this
COMPETENCY yet. how to do this. learn more and very well.
improve.
Post (1) Post (2) Post (3) Post (4)
Identifies and
cites the
function of
different parts
of a circuit on a
board.
Connects the
wire on its
parts.
Operates the
circuit if done
successfully.
Uses the
tools/materials
and equipment
appropriately.
Observes safety
measures in
connecting
parts of a
circuit.

LEGEND:

20 - Advance 8 - 12 - Developing
17 - 19 - Proficient 1 - 7 - Beginning
13 - 16 - Approaching Proficiency
 What I Have Learned

PARTS OF A COMPLETE CIRCUIT

Instructions:
 Enumerate the parts of a simple circuit.
 Give at least one (1) example each.

What I can do
Instructions:
1. Perform the Activity Sheet 3.1, connecting the parts of a circuit.
2. Read and follow the procedure stipulated in the activity sheet.
3. For your convenience, you may use battery from your owned motorcycle provided,
that you ask permission from your parents’.
4. Using a cell phone, create a video recording of what you have done. Send it to me
your output through fb/messenger.
5. The same rubrics shall be used based on your self-rating competency checklist
in connecting parts of a circuit.

Assessment

Instructions: Select the correct or best answer of the following question. Write your
answer in a separate sheet of paper. Write the letter only.
1. It is a strand of metal, usually copper, that is encased in plastic or another insulating
material and is used to carry an electric current.
A. Switch C. Wire
B. Battery D. Fuse box
2. The route in which an electrical current will flow.
A. Circuit C. Wire
B. Battery D. Current
3. Something that consumes electricity.
A. Bulb C. Switch
B. Controller D. Path
4. A supply from which a current originates.
A. Battery C. Fuse box
B. Circuit D. Wire
5. Used to open and close the flow of current and protection from harmful overloads.
A. Switch C. Wire
B. Battery D. Fuse box
 Additional Activities

Direction: Draw any automotive electrical diagram that you search. Use separate bond
paper for your diagram.

Reflection of the Week!

“Teach a child how he should live, and he will remember it all his life.”

References

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region VII, Division of Bohol

Office Address: 50 Lino Chatto Drive, Cogon District,

Tagbilaran City, Bohol
Telephone Nos. (038) 412- 4938 (038) 411-2544 (038) 501-7550
Telefax: (038) 501-7550
E-mail Address: deped.bohol@deped.gov.ph
 Answer Key

What I Know What’s In What’s More

1. Current 1. C No Model Answer:
2. Source or battery 2. A Self-Rating Checklist
3. Controller or switch 3. D
4. Path or wire 4. D
5. Load or bulb 5. A

What I Have What I Can Do Assessment

Learned (Answer should be done 1. C
in Video Output.) 2. A
1. Power Source – Car
battery 3. A
2. Controller – Switch 4. B
3. Path – Wire 5. A
4. Load – Lights

Note: So many
examples. Teachers’
should analyse.

Additional Activities

 Any automotive electrical diagram

 9
Technology and
Vocational Education
Quarter 03_W4

AUTOMOTIVE SERVICING NC-I

Unit of EXPLAIN THE PRINCIPLE OF AUTO
Competency: ELECTRICITY

Module No.: 4 Module Title: Signs and Symbols

 What I Need to Know

You may learn from this module how to Interpret Signs and Symbols.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

 Interpret signs and symbols.

What I Know

Directions: Match Column A with Column B. Write only the letter of the correct answer
on separate sheet of paper.

Column A Column B
1. A thin metal strip which burns through A.
when too much current flows through it.

2. A semiconductor which allows current B.

flow in only one direction.

3. A small holding unit for temporary storage C.

of electrical charge.

4. A power unit which converts electrical energy D.

into mechanical energy, especially rotary motion.

5. Current flow through a filament causes the E.

filament to heat up and emit light.

6. Include plastics, wood, glass, F. 20Ampere

rubber, and ceramics.

7. According to signs, color of rings, G. Conductor

and sizes.

8. Metals. iron, steel, copper, aluminum, H. 10 Amperes

silver, and gold are examples.

9. Amount of current the wire must carry I. Insulator

in size no. 12.

10. Amount of current the wire must carry J. Polarity

in size no. 16.

K.
 What’s In

Reviewing the parts of a simple circuit:

Instructions: Select the correct or best answer of the following question. Write your
answer in a separate sheet of paper. Write the letter only.
1. It is a strand of metal, usually copper, that is encased in plastic or another insulating
material and is used to carry an electric current.
A. Switch C. Wire
B. Battery D. Fuse box

2. The route in which an electrical current will flow.

A. Circuit C. Wire
B. Battery D. Current

3. Something that consumes electricity.

A. Bulb C. Switch
B. Controller D. Path

4. A supply from which a current originates.

A. Battery C. Fuse box
B. Circuit D. Wire

5. Used to open and close the flow of current and protection from harmful overloads.
A. Switch C. Wire
B. Battery D. Fuse box

Notes to the Learner

This module is prepared to help you achieve the required competency in

TESTING AND REPAIRING WIRING/LIGHTING SYSTEM. This will be the source
of information that will enable you to acquire the knowledge and skills in this
particular component of interpreting signs and symbols independently at
your own pace or with minimum supervision or help from your teacher. Please
do not leave any point of activities that do not have an answer. Thank you.
 What’s New

Lesson
Auto-Electrical Signs and Symbols
4

INFORMATION SHEET 4.1

AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRICAL TERMS AND SYMBOLS
To simplify wiring circuits, symbols are used for the various components in
electrical circuits.

1. Ammeter – measures the flow of current.

2. Battery –stores chemical energy and converts it into electrical energy.

3. Wire connected - crossed wires with a block dot at the junction are joined.

4. Connector with plug and socket – the connection maybe temporary, or serve as a
permanent electrical joint between two wires or devices.

5. Light – current flow through a filament causes the filament to heat up and emit light.

6. Transistor – a solid state device typically used as an electronic relay, it stops or passes
current depending on this applied voltage to its base.

7. Capacitor (Condenser) – a small holding unit for temporary storage of electrical charge.
8. Wire not connected – crossed wires without a block dot at the junction are not joined.

9. Diode – a semiconductor which allows current flow in only one direction.

10. Fuse – a thin metal strip which burns through when too much current flows through
it.

11. Ground – the point at which wiring attaches to the chassis, thereby providing a return
path for an electrical circuit, without a ground for other return path, current cannot
flow.

12. Horn – an electric device which sounds a loud audible signal.

13. Relay – an electrically operated switch where the current flow through a small coil
creates a magnetic field which either opens or closes an attached switch.

14. Switch – which continuously passes current through one set of contacts or the other.

15. Motor – a power unit which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy,
especially rotary motion.

M
 What is It

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS, ELECTRONIC SYSMBOLS AND SCHEMATIC SYMBOLS

Electrical symbols & electronic circuit symbols of schematic diagram - resistor, capacitor,
inductor, relay, switch, wire, ground, diode, LED, transistor, and power.
An electronic symbol is a pictogram used to represent various electrical and
electronic devices or functions, such as wires, batteries, resistors, and transistors, in a
schematic diagram of an electrical or electronic circuit.
Standard Electrical Units of Measure
Electrical Parameter Measuring Unit Symbol
Charge Coulomb Q
Inductance Henry L or H
Power Watts W
Impedance Ohm Z
The conventional symbol for current is I, which originates from the French phrase
intensité du courant, (current intensity). Current intensity is often referred to simply as
current. The I symbol was used by André-Marie Ampère, after whom the unit of electric
current is named, in formulating Ampère's force law (1820).
Direct Current Voltage (DCV): Sometimes it will be denoted with a V– instead.
Alternating Current Voltage (ACV): Sometimes it will be denoted with a V~ instead.
Resistance (Ω): This measure how much resistance is there in the circuit.
Continuity: Usually denoted by a wave or diode symbol.
The symbols for “On” and “Off”
The power switch is a rocker switch and it has two symbols on the face: “O” and
“—“. They are the International symbols for power “On” and power “Off”. “O” means the
power is OFF and “–“means the power is ON. To turn the power washer ON, press the
“—“down on the power switch.

What’s More

Instructions: Give the correct symbol of the following electrical parameter (Please use
separate sheet for your answer);
1. Inductance
2. Charge
3. Impedance
4. Power
 What I Have Learned

Instructions: Give the correct symbol of the following measuring unit (Please use
separate sheet for your answer);

1. Watts
2. Ohm
3. Coulomb
4. Henry

What I can do

Instruction: From the group of symbols above, classify it whether (Protection devices,
Sources, Switch or control, Semi-conductor, Path, or Consuming
device);

1. 2. 3.

4. 5.

Assessment

A. Multiple Choice. Select the best answer. Write the letter only in a separate sheet of
paper.
1. A circuit components which continuously passes current through one set of contacts or
the other.
A. Relay C. Switch
B. Light D. Battery
2. An electrically operated switch where the current flow through a small coil creates a
magnetic field which either opens or closes an attached switch.
A. Relay C. Switch
B. Light D. Diode
3. A semiconductor which allows current flow in only one direction.
A. Relay C. Condenser
B. Light D. Diode
4. A small holding unit for temporary storage of electrical charge.
A. Capacitor C. Condenser
B. Light D. Both A and C
5. A solid state device typically used as an electronic relay, it stops or passes current
depending on this applied voltage to its base.
A. Capacitor C. Condenser
B. Transistor D. Diode

Additional Activities

Instructions: Answer the questions below and write these in your activity notebook as part
of your portfolio. Keep it and submit at once at the end of the second
quarter.

1. What are the symbols of the following;

a. AC
b. DC
c. Resistance
d. Continuity

Reflection of the References:

Week!
“A ruler without
good sense will be a
cruel tyrant. One who
hates dishonesty will
rule a long time...”

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region VII, Division of Bohol

Office Address: 50 Lino Chatto Drive, Cogon District,

Tagbilaran City, Bohol
Telephone Nos. (038) 412- 4938 (038) 411-2544 (038) 501-7550
Telefax: (038) 501-7550
E-mail Address: deped.bohol@deped.gov.ph

Answer Key
 What I Know What's In What’s More

1. B 1. C 1. L or H
2. A 2. A 2. Q
3. D 3. A 3. Z
4. C 4. A 4. W
5. E 5. A
6. I
7. J
8. G
9. F
10.H
11.

What I Have What I Can Do Assessment

Learned 1. C
1. Source 2. A
1. W 2. Consuming device 3. D
2. Z 3. Semi-conductor/ 4. D
3. Q source 5. B
4. L or H 4. Semi-conductor
5. Source

Answer Key for: Additional Activities

a. V–
b. V~
c. Ω
d. Usually denoted by a wave or diode symbol.