SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

General Biology 1
Quarter 1 – Module 8
Biological Molecules
General Biology 1 – Senior High School
Quarter 1 – Module 8: Biological Molecules
Second Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer/Compiler: Julien D. Ambid, T2 - Regino Mercado Night High School

Content Editors: Celia C. Gepitulan, Principal 1 - Regino Mercado Night High School
Jocelyn C. Butanas, MT1 - Talamban National High School
Bonnie James Saclolo, T3 - Cebu City Science High School
Rey A. Kimilat, HT5 - Abellana National School
Language Editor: Roquesa B. Sabejon, PSDS - North District 7
Management Team:
Rhea Mar A. Angtud, Schools Division Superintendent
Bernadette A. Susvilla, Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Grecia F. Bataluna, Chief – Curriculum Instruction Division
Raylene S. Manawatao, Education Program Supervisor - Science
Vanessa L. Harayo, Education Program Supervisor - LRMDS

Department of Education – Schools Division of Cebu City, Region VII

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 What I Need to Know

Quarter : First Quarter

Content Standard : The learners demonstrate the
understanding of structures and functions of
biological molecules
Learning Outcomes : (1) Discuss the key structural features of DNA,
RNA and proteins (2) Discuss the structural and
functional differences between DNA and RNA (3)
Discuss the different levels of protein structure (i.e.
primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary) (4)
Discuss how protein structural features may
influence their functions
Learning Competencies : (1) Explain oxidation/reduction reactions
(STEM_BIO11/12 -Ii-j-18)
Duration : 1 Week
Topic : Biological Oxidation – Reduction Reactions

Let’s imagine that you are a cell. You’ve just been given a big, juicy glucose
molecule, and you’d like to convert some of the energy in this glucose molecule into a
more usable form, one that you can use to power your metabolic reactions. How can
you go about this? What’s the best way for you to squeeze as much energy as
possible out of that glucose molecule, and to capture this energy in a handy form?
Fortunately for us, our cells – and those of other living organisms – are excellent at
harvesting energy from glucose and other organic molecules, such as fats and amino
acids. Here, we’ll get a high-level overview of how cells break down fuels. Then, we'll
take a closer look at some of the electron transfer reactions (redox reactions) that are
key to this process.
As you go over the activities in this module, you will be able to explain
oxidation/reduction reactions.

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 What I Know

Directions: Write the letter of the correct answers on a separate of paper.

1. In what part of the cell does the Krebs cycle take place?
A. chloroplast B. cytoplasm C. mitochondria D. ribosome
2. What is the first step in the payoff phase of glycolysis?
A. reduction of 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
B. oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate
C. reversible conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-
phosphate
D. irreversible conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-
phosphate
3. Which of the following has the highest redox potential?
A. FAD B. FMN C. NAD D. O₂
4. Which of the following equations accurately represents cellular respiration?
A. C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ ⟶ 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + energy
B. 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O ⟶ C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ + energy
C. 6 CO₂ + 6 O₂ + H2 + energy ⟶ C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 H₂O
D. C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 H₂O + energy ⟶ 6 CO₂ + 6 O₂ + 6 H2
5. Recognizing how oxidation and reduction occurs is essential for analyzing and
understanding biochemical reactions. Which of the following methods would NOT be
employed in transferring electrons in biochemical reactions?
A. as hydride ions C. directly as electrons
B. as hydrogen ions D. through direct combination of oxygen
6. A glucose molecule is completely broken down in glycolysis and Krebs cycle, but
these two processes yield a few ATPs. Where do the rest of the energy obtained by
the cell from the glucose molecule go?
A. in NADH and FADH₂
B. in FAD and NAD1
C. in the oxygen used in the electron transport chain
D. in the CO₂ molecules released by the processes
7. In what part of the cell does glycolysis take place?
A. cytoplasm B. mitochondria C. nucleus D. ribosome
8. What is getting oxidized and reduced during cellular respiration?
A. The carbon atoms in glucose are reduced, and oxygen is oxidized.
B. The carbon atoms in glucose are oxidized, and oxygen is reduced.
C. Both the carbon atoms in glucose and oxygen are reduced.
D. Both the carbon atoms in glucose and oxygen are oxidized.
9. After glycolysis, pyruvate is oxidized to produce carbon dioxide, NADH, and a
molecule that contains 2 of the 3 carbons from the pyruvate. Which product of
pyruvate oxidation enters the Krebs cycle?
A. Acetyl-CoA B. CO2 C. Glucose D. NADH

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10. Which of the statement is CORRECT? A reducing agent is an electron __________.
A. pair donor and an oxidizing agent is an electron acceptor
B. acceptor and an oxidizing agent is an electron pair donor
C. acceptor and an oxidizing agent is an electron donor
D. donor and an oxidizing agent is an electron acceptor
11. Which of the following contains energy that cell could use to make ATP?
A. O₂ B. CO₂ C. NAD1 D. NADH
12. Which of the following can be termed as loss of electrons?
A. anabolism B. metabolism C. oxidation D. reduction
13. Which of the following illustrates oxidation?
A. CO₂ + H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ C. ADP + P → ATP
B. C₆H₁₂O₆ → CO₂ + H₂O D. ATP → ADP + P
14. Which of the following is the ultimate source of energy that powers our cell?
A. fermentation B. glucose C. oxygen D. sun
15. Which of the following can be termed as gain of electrons?
A. anabolism B. metabolism C. oxidation D. reduction

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 What’s In

A. Directions: How does the cell capture the energy of organic molecules in ATP?
Review the basic concepts by completing the crossword puzzle. Write your answer on
a separate sheet of paper.

1 2 3

7 8

9
10

11 12

13

14 15

16

17

18
19

Across
1. The cell transfers energy by shuttling _________ from molecule to molecule.
6. Energy released in the electron transport chain is used to pump ________ ions (H+)
across a membrane.
7. ATP is made by adding __________ to an inorganic phosphate.
10. Oxidative _______ involves an electron transport chain and a process called
chemiosmosis.
11. A sequence of electron carriers forms the electron __________ chain.
14. __________ is loss of an electron.

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16. A molecule such as glucose is oxidized when it __________ an electron.
18. _________ is short for “oxidation – reduction.”
19. Oxygen is _______ in cellular respiration.

Down
2. __________ is gain of an electron.
3. A coenzyme called __________ is used to carry electrons in redox reactions.
4. A molecule is reduced when it ___________ an electron.
5. Most cells make most of their ATP via a process that involves an electron
transport chain and a process called __________.
8. A ________ enzyme strips hydrogen atoms from organic molecules.
9. ATP __________ are protein complexes that use energy from a gradient of ion
concentration to make ATP.
12. Phosphorylation is adding a ___________ group to ADP to make ATP.
13. NADH delivers electrons to an electron __________ at the beginning of the electron
transport chain.
15. Glucose is __________ in cellular respiration.
17. NAD+ picks up electrons and hydrogen forming __________.

B. Directions: Check your understanding of cellular respiration by matching each of

the phrases below with one of three stages of the process. Use G for glycolysis, K for
Krebs cycle and ETC for electron transport chain. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
_____ 1. Generates most of the ATP formed by cellular respiration
_____ 2. Begins the oxidation of glucose
_____ 3. Occurs outside the mitochondrion
_____ 4. Produces four ATPs per glucose by substrate-level phosphorylation, but two
ATPs per glucose are used to get it started
_____ 5. Oxidizes NADH and FADH₂ producing NAD+ and FADH
_____ 6. Carried out by enzymes in the matrix (fluid) of the mitochondrion
_____ 7. Here electrons and hydrogen combine with O₂ to from H₂O
_____ 8. Occurs along the inner mitochondrial membrane
_____ 9. Generates most of the CO₂ produced by cellular respiration
_____ 10. FADH₂ and NADH deliver high quality electrons to this stage
_____ 11. ATP synthase makes ATP
_____ 12. Reduces NAD+ and FADH producing NADH and FADH₂

What’s New

All cells need energy all the time, and their primary source of energy is ATP.
The methods of cells use to make ATP vary depending on the availability of oxygen
and their biological make-up. In many cases the cells are in an oxygen-rich
environment. For example, as you sit and read this sentence, you are breathing in
oxygen, which is carried throughout your body by red blood cells. But some cells
grow in environments without oxygen (yeast in wine-making or the bacteria that
cause botulism in canned food) and occasionally animal cells must function without
sufficient oxygen (as in running sprints). In this activity you will begin to look at the
aerobic and anaerobic processes that is used by all organisms to produce ATP.

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Directions: Study the model of cellular respiration and answer the questions that
follow. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Source: www.google.com
1. What are the reactants in Model 1?
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. What are produced from the reaction?
___________________________________________________________________________________
Cellular respiration occurs in four phases: glycolysis, the link reaction, the Krebs
cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.
3. Which phase of cellular respiration occurs in the following:
a. Cytoplasm of the cell _________________
b. Mitochondria ______________
4. Which of the four phases of cellular respiration require oxygen?
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. Which of the four phases of cellular respiration produce the following:
a. Carbon dioxide___________
b. Water ____________
The goal of cellular respiration is to provide the cell with energy in the form of ATP.

6. Which of the four phases of cellular respiration results in the production of ATP?
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. How many total ATPs are produced for every glucose molecule that undergoes
cellular respiration?
___________________________________________________________________________________
8. What reactants found in the cell will produce ATP?
___________________________________________________________________________________
9. What other cellular processes in the human body for which energy or ATP is
necessary? Give at least two examples.
___________________________________________________________________________________
Read This!
Glucose, or any carbon-based molecule, can be burned in oxygen (oxidized) to
produce carbon dioxide and water. Combustion reactions release large amounts of
energy. However, the energy release is uncontrolled. An organism would not be able

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to handle all that energy at once to do the work of the cell. Cellular respiration is
essentially the same reaction as combustion, but the oxidation of glucose occurs in
several controlled steps. The same amount of energy is ultimately released, but it is
gradually released in small, controlled amounts. High potential energy molecules of
ATP are produced while the carbon atoms are used to form various other molecules
of lower potential energy. Each of these steps is catalyzed by an enzyme specific to
that step. Model 1 illustrates the ideal circumstances for cellular respiration. In
some situations, however, one glucose molecule may not result in 38 ATP molecules
being produced.
10. Consider model 1. Besides ATP, what other molecules appear to be high potential
energy molecules (free energy carriers) during cellular respiration?
___________________________________________________________________________________

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and flavin adenine dinucleotide

(FAD) are coenzymes used in cellular respiration to transport high potential energy
electrons to the electron transport chain (a step in oxidative phosphorylation) in the
mitochondria. At the conclusion of cellular respiration, oxygen is the final electron
acceptor. The reactions in Model 2 show these electron acceptors in the process of
picking up an electron.

1. How many electrons are in hydrogen ion (H+)?

___________________________________________________________________________________
2. Is a hydrogen ion with its positive charge like to be attracted to NAD+, FAD, or O₂
without an input of free energy? Explain your answer.
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. Consider the charges in the first reaction in Model 2. Can two positive particles
combine to form a neutral particle? Explain your answer.
___________________________________________________________________________________
The reactions in Model 2 are missing very important particles – electrons.
4. What is the charge of an electron?
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. For each reaction in Model 2, how many electrons are required to balance the
chemical equation?
___________________________________________________________________________________
Read This!
Oxidation is a loss of electrons. Reduction is a gain of electrons. The two
process must go hand-in-hand. In other words, electrons cannot be added to
something from thin air, they must have been taken off of something first.
6. Are the reactions in Model 2 oxidation or reduction reactions?
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. What is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide?
___________________________________________________________________________________

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8. According to Model 1, glucose undergoes changes during cellular respiration. In
each step NADH or FADH₂ is produced. Is glucose being oxidized during cellular
respiration? Explain your answer.
___________________________________________________________________________________
9. Historically, the term “oxidation” was derived from the combination of a substance
with oxygen. Question 8 asked if glucose is being oxidized. Validate your answer to
Question 8 by comparing the ratio of carbon atoms to oxygen atoms in the chemical
formulas of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) versus carbon dioxide (CO₂). Which of the two is more
oxidized, glucose or carbon dioxide? Explain your answer.
___________________________________________________________________________________

What is It

Organisms harvest energy from food but this energy cannot be directly used
by cells. Cells convert the energy stored in nutrients into a more usable form:
adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
ATP stores energy in chemical bonds that can be quickly released when
needed. Cells produce energy in the form of ATP through the process of cellular
respiration. Although much of the energy from cellular respiration is released as
heat, some of it is used to make ATP.
During cellular respiration, several oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions
transfer electrons from organic molecules to other molecules. Here, oxidation refers
to electron loss and reduction to electron gain. The electron carriers NAD+ and FAD
and their reduced forms, NADH and FADH2, respectively are essential for several
steps of cellular respiration.
Some prokaryotes use anaerobic respiration, which does not require oxygen.
Most organisms use aerobic (oxygen-requiring) respiration, which produces much
more ATP. Aerobic respiration generates ATP by breaking down glucose and oxygen
into carbon dioxide and water.
Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration begin with glycolysis, which does not
require oxygen. Glycolysis breaks down glucose into pyruvate yielding ATP. In the
absence of oxygen, pyruvate ferments, producing NAD+ for continued glycolysis.
Importantly, several types of yeast use alcoholic fermentation. Human muscle cells
can use lactic acid fermentation when oxygen is depleted. Anaerobic respiration ends
with fermentation.
Aerobic respiration, however, continues with pyruvate oxidation. Pyruvate
oxidation generates acetyl-CoA, which enters the Krebs cycle. The Krebs cycle
consists of several redox reactions that release the bond energy of acetyl-CoA,
producing ATP and the reduced electron carriers NADH and FADH 2.
The final stage of cellular respiration, oxidative phosphorylation, generates
most of the ATP. NADH and FADH2 pass their electrons through the electron
transport chain. The electron transport chain releases energy that is used to expel
protons, creating a proton gradient that enables ATP synthesis.

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 What’s More

Directions: Pyruvate from glycolysis is chemically altered and then enters the Krebs
cycle, a series of steps that completes the oxidation of glucose. The energy of
pyruvate is stored in NADH and FADH₂. To review the process, fill in the blanks in
the diagram below. (Try to do as many as you can without referring to the text.)
Include the following: NAD+, pyruvate, CO₂, FADH₂, NADH, coenzyme A, ATP, and
acetyl-CoA. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. 2.
4.
.
3.

5. 6.

KREBS
CYCLE
7.

10.
8.

9.

What I Have Learned

A. Directions: Choose the correct words or phrases in the parentheses to complete

each sentence. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
I learned that………
The 1 (final, second) stage of cellular respiration is the electron transport
chain and synthesis of 2 (glucose, ATP) by a process called 3 (oxidative
phosphorylation, active transport). The electron transport chain is a sequence of 4
(electron, proton) carrier built into the 5 (outer, inner) membrane of the
mitochondrion. Molecules of FADH₂ and ⁶ (ADP, NADH) bring high energy electrons
to the chain from glycolysis and 7 (Krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation). The
electrons move along the chain from carrier to carrier is a series of redox reactions,

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finally joining with 8 (CO₂, O₂) and H+ from the surrounding solution to form 9 (H₂O,
CO₂). Energy released by the electrons is used to move protons – 10 (H+ ions, ADP
molecules) – by 11 (active transport, passive transport) into the space between the
inner and outer mitochondrial membrane.
The buildup of protons in the intermembrane space – a proton gradient –
constitutes 12 (kinetic, potential) energy that the cell can tap to make 13 (ATP,
glucose). The concentration of protons tends to drive them back through the
membrane in the 14 (inner compartment of the mitochondrion, cytoplasm of the
cell), but protons can cross the membrane only by passing through special protein
complexes, called 15 (coenzyme As, ATP synthase). As each of these complexes
allows protons back through the membrane, a component of the complex rotates like
a turbine, causing catalytic sites to phosphorylate 16 (NAD, ADP) and make 17
(NADH, ATP). Thus, oxidative phosphorylation transforms energy extracted from
glucose into the phosphate bonds to ATP.

What I Can Do

Directions: What is the real life uses of oxidation-reduction reaction? Name at least
5. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
___________________________________________________________________________________

Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following has the highest redox potential?
A. FAD B. FMN C. NAD D. O₂
2.Which of the following can be called as loss of electrons?
A. anabolism B. metabolism C. oxidation D. reduction
3. Of the following cellular respiration, which is known as gain of electrons?
A. anabolism B. metabolism C. oxidation D. reduction
4. What is the first step in the payoff phase of glycolysis?
A. reduction of 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
B. oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate
C. reversible conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-
phosphate
D. irreversible conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-
phosphate
5. Which of these statements is TRUE about a reducing agent? A reducing agent is
an electron _______________.
A. pair donor and an oxidizing agent is an electron acceptor
B. acceptor and an oxidizing agent is an electron pair donor
C. acceptor and an oxidizing agent is an electron donor
D. donor and an oxidizing agent is an electron acceptor

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6. Which of the following is the ultimate source of energy that provides power to our
cell?
A. fermentation B. glucose C. oxygen D. sun
7. Which of the following illustrates oxidation?
A. CO₂ + H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ C. ADP + P → ATP
B. C₆H₁₂O₆ → CO₂ + H₂O D. ATP → ADP + P
8. A glucose molecule is completely broken down in glycolysis and Krebs cycle, but
these two processes yield a few ATPs. Where is the rest of the energy the cell obtains
from the glucose molecule?
A. in NADH and FADH₂
B. in FAD and NAD1
C. in the oxygen used in the electron transport chain
D. in the CO₂ molecules released by the processes
9. Which of the following contains energy that the cell could use to make ATP?
A. O₂ B. CO₂ C. NAD1 D. NADH
10. Recognizing how oxidation and reduction occurs is essential for analyzing and
understanding biochemical reactions. What would NOT be employed in transferring
electrons in biochemical reactions?
A. hydride ions C. directly as electrons
B. hydrogen ions D. through direct combination of oxygen
11. Which of the following equations accurately represents cellular respiration?
A. C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ ⟶ 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + energy
B. 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O ⟶ C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ + energy
C. 6 CO₂ + 6 O₂ + H2 + energy ⟶ C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 H₂O
D. C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 H₂O + energy ⟶ 6 CO₂ + 6 O₂ + H2
12. What happens during cellular respiration?
A. The carbon atoms in glucose are reduced and oxygen is oxidized.
B. The carbon atoms in glucose are oxidized and oxygen is reduced.
C. Both the carbon atoms in glucose and oxygen are reduced.
D. Both the carbon atoms in glucose and oxygen are oxidized.
13. In what part of the cell does glycolysis take place? It takes place in __________.
A. cytoplasm B. mitochondria C. nucleus D. ribosome
14. After glycolysis, pyruvate is oxidized to produce carbon dioxide, NADH, and a
molecule that contains 2 of the 3 carbons from the pyruvate. Which product of
pyruvate oxidation enters the Krebs cycle?
A. Acetyl-CoA B. CO2 ` C. Glucose D. NADH
15. In what part of the cell does the Krebs cycle take place? It takes place in ______.
A. cytoplasm B. mitochondria C. nucleus D. ribosome

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References
“Biological Oxidation - Biochemistry Questions and Answers.” Sanfoundry, July 17, 2017.
https://www.sanfoundry.com/biochemistry-questions-answers-biological-oxidation-reduction-
reactions/.

“Enzymes Worksheet.” studylib.net. Accessed October 29, 2020.

https://studylib.net/doc/8637291/enzymes-worksheet.

Gemma. “Physical Chemistry 1: Redox Multiple Choice Questions.” Gemma Shearer, July 17, 2018.
https://gemmashearer.com/physical-chemistry-1-redox-multiple-choice-questions/.

gewenard. “MCQ TEST Chapter=3 (ENZYMES).” gewenard, May 17, 2011.

https://gewenard.livejournal.com/1195.html.

“Glycolysis (Practice) | Cellular Respiration.” Khan Academy. Accessed October 29, 2020.
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/cellular-respiration-and-
fermentation/glycolysis/e/glycolysis.

“Kimiq.Com at Directnic.” Kimiq.com, 2020. http://gy.kimiq.com/what-is-activation-energy-and-how-

do-enzymes-affect-it/.

“Krebs Cycle (Practice).” Khan Academy. Accessed October 29, 2020.

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/cellular-respiration-and-
fermentation/pyruvate-oxidation-and-the-citric-acid-cycle/e/krebs-cycle.

“Quiz 2018, Questions and Answers - BIO 3100 - Wayne State.” StuDocu. Accessed October 29, 2020.
https://www.studocu.com/en-us/document/wayne-state-university/cellular-
biochemistry/past-exams/quiz-2018-questions-and-answers/2646075/view.

“What Is Cellular Respiration? | Protocol.” Jove.com, 2019. https://www.jove.com/science-

education/10976/what-is-cellular-respiration.

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 Answer Key

WHAT’S IN
A. Across:
1. electrons 7. ADP 6. hydrogen 10. Phosphorylation
11. transport 14. oxidation 16. losses 18. REDOX
19. reduced
Down:
2. reduction 3. NAD 5. chemiosmosis 4. Gains 12. phosphate
8. dehydrogenase 13. carrier 15. oxidized 9. synthases
17. NADH
B. 1. ETC 5. ETC 11. ETC
2. G 6. K 12. K
3. G 7. ETC
3. G 8. ETC
4. G 9. K
5. ETC 10. ETC
WHAT’S NEW
Model 1
1. Glucose and oxygen
2. Carbon dioxide, water and ATP
3. a. glycolysis b. link reaction, Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation
4. Oxidative phosphorylation
5. The link reaction and Krebs cycle
6. Oxidative phosphorylation
7. Glycolysis, Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation
8. Each glucose molecule results in 38 ATPs being produced
9. In order to make ATP, the cell must have ADP and P, available.
10. Answers may vary, but may include movement and muscle contraction, biochemical reactions, and growth and
metabolism.
Read This!
11. NADH and FADH2
Model 2
1. Zero
2. No, a positive hydrogen ion would only be attracted to a negatively charged particle.
3. No, if two positive particles combine, the resulting particle would have a +2 charge.
4. Electrons have negative charge.
5. Two electrons are required to balance the +2 charge on the reactants side of the equation.
Read This!
6. Electrons are being gained, so the reactions are reduction.
7. NADH is the reduced form as it has the electrons that were gained in the process of reduction.
8. Glucose is being oxidized during respiration because it gives its electrons to NAD+ or FAD.
9. Ratio in glucose → 1 carbon: 1 oxygen
Ratio in carbon dioxide → 1 carbon: 2 oxygen
Carbon dioxide has more oxygen atoms per carbon, so it is the more oxidized form.

WHAT’S MORE

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WHAT HAVE I LEARNED
1. final 8. O2
2. ATP
3. oxidative phosphorylation 9. H2O 14. inner compartment of mitochondrion
4. electron 10. H1 ions 15. ATP synthases
5. inner 11. active transport 16. ADP
6. NADH 12. potential 17. ATP
7. Krebs cycle 13. ATP
WHAT I CAN DO
1. Answers may vary

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of Cebu City
Office Address: New Imus Avenue, Cebu City
Telephone Nos.: (063)255 – 1516, (032) 253 – 9095
E-mail Address: cebu city@deped.gov.ph

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