Yeditepe University, Department of Mechanical Engineering June 15th, 2023

Spring 2023 Semester, ME212, Thermodynamics II

Final Exam; Question 1 (25 points)

Duration: 20 minutes + 5 minutes for uploading your answer to the YULEARN = 25 minutes

The Rankine cycle is a thermodynamic cycle that describes how heat engines, such as steam
turbines, convert heat into mechanical work by using a working fluid that undergoes phase
changes. The working fluid, usually water, is pumped to high pressure and then heated in a boiler
until it becomes steam. The steam then expands through a turbine, producing power, and then
condenses back to liquid in a condenser, where it rejects waste heat to the environment. The cycle
is named after William John Macquorn Rankine, a Scottish engineer who developed it in 1859. In
this problem we are going to look at a power plant that uses natural gas as fuel generates 2X kg/s
of steam at 3 MPa, 6XY°C, in the boiler. The steam then enters an ideal turbine and then a
condenser and it exits the condenser at 45°C. The condenser is cooled by seawater that enters at
12°C and leaves at 15°C. The pump that compresses the liquid water has an efficiency of 9X%.
Calculate the net power output of the plant in kW and the mass flow rate of seawater in kg/s. Find
the net power output in kW and calculate the required mass flow rate of ocean water.

Note that the XY value is the last two digits of your student ID number. In other words, if your
student id ends with 45, then you should take the temperatures as 645 C. Also, note that you may
not get any point from this problem if you solve this problem with different numbers than given in
the problem statement.
Yeditepe University, Department of Mechanical Engineering June 15th, 2023

Spring 2023 Semester, ME212, Thermodynamics II

Final Exam; Question 2 (25 points)

Duration: 20 minutes + 5 minutes for uploading your answer to the YULEARN = 25 minutes

The refrigeration cycle is a thermodynamic cycle that produces cooling effects by using a working
fluid that undergoes phase changes. The working fluid, usually a refrigerant, is compressed to high
pressure and then cooled in a condenser until it becomes liquid. The liquid then passes through a
restriction device, such as an expansion valve, where it experiences a pressure drop and partially
evaporates. The low-pressure mixture of liquid and vapor then enters an evaporator, where it
absorbs heat from the cold space and becomes vapor. The cycle is completed when the vapor
returns to the compressor. The refrigeration cycle is based on the reversed Rankine cycle and it
requires work input to move heat from a low-temperature source to a high-temperature sink. Let’s
say we have a refrigeration system that operates with R-134a as the refrigerant has a minimum
evaporating temperature of −1X°C and a maximum condensing pressure of 1 MPa. The
compressor is adiabatic and its actual exit temperature is 6Y°C. The pressure losses in the
condenser and the evaporator are negligible. Determine the specific heat transfer to the refrigerant
in the evaporator and the specific heat transfer from the refrigerant in the condenser, both in kJ/kg.
Also, calculate the coefficient of performance (COP) of the system and the isentropic efficiency
of the compressor.

Note that the XY value in the temperatures is the last two digits of your student ID number. In
other words, if your student id ends with 45, then you should take the temperatures as -14 C and
65 C. Also, note that you may not get any point from this problem if you solve this problem with
different numbers than given in the problem statement.
Yeditepe University, Department of Mechanical Engineering June 15th, 2023

Spring 2023 Semester, ME212, Thermodynamics II

Final Exam; Question 3 (25 points)

Duration: 20 minutes + 5 minutes for uploading your answer to the YULEARN = 25 minutes

A gas mixture is a combination of two or more gaseous substances that occupy the same volume
and behave as a single gas. The properties of a gas mixture depend on the composition and the
conditions of temperature and pressure. One of the important properties of a gas mixture is the
partial pressure, which is the pressure exerted by each gas component in the mixture. The total
pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of all the gas components,
according to Dalton’s law. Let’s say we have an insulated tank contains 1 kg of O2 at 15 C and
3XY kPa. It is connected to another tank which is uninsulated with a volume of 2 m3 that holds N2
at 50 C and 5XY kPa. The second tank is not insulated from the surroundings. A valve between
the tanks is opened and the gases mix until they reach a final temperature of 25 C. Find the final
pressure in the tanks and calculate the heat transfer with the surroundings. Assume ideal gas
behavior for both gases.

Note that the XY value in the pressure is the last two digits of your student ID number. In other
words, if your student id ends with 45, then you should take the pressures as 345 kPa and 545 kPa.
Also, note that you may not get any point from this problem if you solve this problem with different
numbers than given in the problem statement.
Yeditepe University, Department of Mechanical Engineering June 15th, 2023

Spring 2023 Semester, ME212, Thermodynamics II

Final Exam; Question 4 (25 points)

Duration: 20 minutes + 5 minutes for uploading your answer to the YULEARN = 25 minutes

HVAC stands for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. It is a term that covers various types
of systems that provide thermal comfort and indoor air quality in residential and commercial
buildings. HVAC systems can heat or cool the air, as well as control its humidity, purity, and
circulation. HVAC systems typically consist of an indoor unit that treats the air, a blower that
moves the air, and a duct system that distributes the air throughout the building. In this problem
we have an HVAC system has a heating section and a humidifying section. The system operates
at a constant pressure of 1 atm. The air enters the heating section at 1X°C and 5Y percent relative
humidity with a volumetric flow rate of 30 m3/min. The air leaves the humidifying section at 2X°C
and 4Y percent relative humidity. Find the rate of heat transfer in the heating section in kW, and
the rate of water added to the air in the humidifying section in kg/min. Assume ideal gas behavior
for both air and water vapor.

Note that the XY value is the last two digits of your student ID number. In other words, if your
student id ends with 45, then you should take the temperature as 14 °C and relative humidity as
55%. Also, note that you may not get any point from this problem if you solve this problem with
different numbers than given in the problem statement.