Written Report Philippine History

Group 3 Cayrel Cecilio Cinco Montera Padecio Salazar

The Development and Reform Movement
The Ilustrados
The Ilustrados is composed of three well known persons namely:
- Marcelo H. Del Pilar
- Dr. Jose Rizal
- Mariano Ponce

What is the meaning of Ilustrados?

- Enlightened Ones
- These were the male members of middle to upper class families that owned land
and had some authority in the community. They often received their education in
Spain.

How did the Ilustrados help the Philippines?

Those Ilustrados were pioneers from that Propaganda Movement their writings encourage
neither prompted the Filipinos which result in Philippine Revolution. Through them the idea of
oneness plus individual identification were primarily addressed.

The Propaganda Movement

Filipino Reformist
- Demanded reforms from Spain
- At this time they were not demanding Independence of separation from Spain but
reforms

- One of the vocal leaders of the reform movement was Marcelo H. Del Pilar

- Marcelo also went around preaching the value of work and self-dignity in public
places like cockpits and tiendas or village stores in 1888.

- He took the editorship of la solidaridad which was first edited by Graciano Lopez
Jaena.

- Another important leader of the reform movement who began his campaign in
the Philippines was Graciano Lopez Jaena

- He mock the friars and officials who considered abusive and corrupt.
The main demadns of the reformist were the following
- Equality of Filipinos before the law
- Assimilation of the Philippines as a regular province of Spain
- Restoration of the Philippines representation in the Cortes
- Filipinizaton of the churches in the Philippines and granting individual liberties
such as freedom of speech, and of the press.

The Role of Freemasonry

What is Freemasonry?
-Freemasonry is an organization of people who believe in brotherhood and helping
others. Its members are known as "Freemasons“. Freemasons also help one another in times of
hardship.
- The remaining reformist remained weak and divided. Funds were running out and the
newspaper la solidaridad had to close on November 15, 1895
- During that time del Pilar was struck down by tuberculosis.
- Del Pilar sent a message to Teodoro Plata who was his cousin, instructing him to form
an organization that would fight for independence.
Marcelo H. del Pilar Died on July 4, 1896
-The organization he inspired became the KATIPUNAN which was founded by Teodoro
Plata and Andres Bonifacio

La Liga Filipina
- Rizal tried to move his campaign for reforms to the Philippines where he believed that
the struggle should be.
-Rizal arrived in Manila on June 26, 1892.
-On July 3, 1892, at the house of Doroteo Onjunco at Ilaya Street, Tondo, Rizal founded
the La Liga Filipina

Rizal’s Liga had a constitution written by him with the following aims:
-Unity of the archipelago into a compact, strong and equal body
 -Mutual protection against all cases of urgent necessity
-Defense against violence and injustice
-Encouragement of education, agriculture and business
-Study and application of reforms
The organization had Governing bodies consisting of:
• Supreme Council
• Popular Council
• Provincial Council
They were to pay 10 centavos as a monthly due
The funds of the organization were to be used for protecting the right of the poor against
the powerful.
The Spanish Authorities Considered the Liga as a Rebellion organization.
-Rizal was quietly arrested on July 6, 1892.
-The arrest of Rizal effectively signified as the end of the propaganda movement.
-The poor members led by Andres Bonifacio felt that the campaign for reforms was going
nowhere later the liga reorganized itself as the “Cuerpo de Compromisarios. ( Body of the
Committed) which was composed by middle class members. It too lived for a few months and
eventually became inactive.
Thank You for Listening!
 Philippines at World War II

Japanese Plans
• Planned to occupy Philippines as a part of their plan of “Great East Asia War”
• Had 3 objectives
- Prevent use of Philippines as an advance base of American forces
- To acquire staging areas and supply base to enhance operation
- To secure communication lines from Japanese home islands

Japanese Invasion
• Japan launched surprise attack on December 7, 1941 at Pearl Harbor Hawaii
• Just ten hours after the attack on the Pearl Harbor
• Aerial bombardment was followed by landing of ground troops

Commonwealth of the Philippines

• Invaded by Japan in December 1941
• Shortly after Japan’s declaration of war with United States.
• Commonwealth government exiled from 1942-1945 under the Japanese occupation
Mobilization
• Mobilization plans called for induction of the ten reserve division between 1 September
and 15 December 1941
• The most crucial equipment shortfalls were in rifles and division light artillery
- Macarthur requested 84,500 M1 Garand rifles to replace the World War I Enfield's

Defeat and Retreat

• US and Filipino Suffered two Defeats from battle of Bataan and battle of Corregidor
• US and Filipinos surrendered to the Japanese and takes as POWs
• The defeat was the beginning of three and a half years of harsh treatment for the Allied
survivors
 • Including the Bataan Death March
• Macarthur ordered to retreat in Australia
• Famous last word were “ I CAME OUT OF BATAAN AND I SHALL RETURN

Philippine Resistance
• Philippine guerrilla movement continued to grow
• Filipinos joined various groups and vowed to fight Japanese

Guerrilla Forces
• Formed throughout the archipelago during invasion of Japanese
• Gathered and smuggled important military intelligence to US Army
• Built Stashes of arms and explosives, assisting the US Army.

Hukbalahap
• ‘”Hukbong Bayan Laban sa mga Hapon” which means “People’s Army Against the
Japanese
• Military arm Communist party of the Philippines
• Formed to Fight Japanese Occupation
• Under the leadership of Luis Taruc

Return of Macarthur
• Returned well supplied of information late in 1944
• Macarthur’s Allied forces landed on the island of Leyte on October 20, 1944 with Sergio
Osmeña and Carlos P. Romulo

Japan’s Last resort

• Used Philippines as the final line of defense
• Kamikaze corps created to defend Philippines
• Guerilla forces averted a big disaster for Japanese
Philippine’s Aftermath
• Filipino-American resistance lasted for 3 months
• An estimated 1 million Filipinos had been killed
• A large portion during the final months of the war, and Manila was extensively damaged
• The Valor of the Filipino and American soldiers is celebrated
• April 9th in the Philippines, Valor Day or “Araw ng Kagitingan”.

Thank you for listening!