Unit 5 The environment

5a Recycling begins at home

5 Complete the sentences with these words. Are the
sentences true for you?

any few lot many some

R ecycling
Reusing household items is
Vocabulary recycling 3 Look at the spell check box. Then write the better for the environment
1 There are some recycling bins in each
plural form of these countable nouns. Use a than throwing them away.
office.
dictionary if necessary. Reusing requires less energy
2 There aren’t plastic cups.
1 jar than collecting household
Everyone has to bring in their own coffee cup.
2 bus trash or taking it to the
3 There are a signs in the recycling center. Here are
3 country office to remind people to turn off some ideas for reusing
4 holiday anything electrical at the end of the day. common household items.
5 woman 4 Some people drive to work, but there aren’t
places to park. Most people
6 can 1
travel by bus or they cycle to work. The next time you don’t have any paper towels
7 box
plastic wrap 5 We use a of paper in the office for for cleaning, don’t go to the store. Make your
8 child printing documents. own from old cotton shirts, old socks, and old
1 Look at these notes from a student’s notebook. 9 phone towels. You can clean your car with them, clean
Complete the rest of the diagram in the same way. the kitchen floor, and dust the furniture. And
10 class Reading reusing household they’re cheap!
11 story
made of for opening made of for keeping items
metal cans plastic food fresh 12 cartridge
2
6 Read the article about recycling. Match these Wash your glass jars and reuse them to keep
4 Complete the pairs of sentences with the quantifiers. headings (a–e) with the paragraphs (1–5).
can opener plastic wrap small items. In the kitchen, you can store
1 some / any a Items made of paper beans, tea, and spices in them. You can also
a There are cakes on the table. b Storage items wash yogurt containers as well as other plastic
HOUSEHOLD ITEMS containers and reuse them for food in the fridge.
b There isn’t sugar. c Plastic bags
d House cleaning
2 any / many e Clothing
jar newspaper aluminum foil 3
a I don’t have eggs, but I can Use your magazines and newspapers for
give you one. 7 Read the article again. Answer these questions. wrapping presents or protecting fragile objects.
b I don’t have eggs. We’ll have 1 What is better than taking household items to They can also make good compost. Before
to buy some. the recycling center? you throw away the paper on your desk, ask
yourself: Can I write on the other side first?
3 a lot of / much
Grammar quantifiers a We have old aluminum foil 2 What can you use for cleaning instead of paper
towels? 4
that we should recycle. Obviously, when your child’s old shirts and pants
2 Look at the nouns (1–6). Decide if you can use a, b We don’t use aluminum foil are too small, you can pass them on to smaller
an, or some. because plastic wrap is better. kids. Most countries also have second-hand stores,
3 What types of storage items are good for reusing?
1 banana 4 egg so you can take your shoes and clothes there.
4 a few / a little
2 juice 5 milk a There are ink cartridges in that box. 4 What three uses does the writer suggest for
3 box 6 carton b There’s only ink in this pen. old newspapers? 5
We all use too many of these every day and they
u SPELL CHECK plural countable nouns 5 a few / many are hard to recycle, so reuse them for carrying
5 Where can you take old clothes and shoes?
• Add -s to most countable nouns: egg S eggs a I don’t get days off for vacation. your shopping. When you travel, you can put
• Add -es to nouns ending in -ch, -s, -ss, -sh, and -x: b I have days every year for vacation. bottles of liquid in them in case they open.
sandwich S sandwiches 6 What two uses does the writer suggest for old
• Change nouns ending in -y (after a consonant) to 6 a little / much plastic bags?
compost (n) /ˈkɒmpɒst/ a mixture of dead plants and
-i and add -es: city S cities a I only get exercise at the gym vegetables added to soil to help plants grow
• Don’t change the -y to -i after a vowel: key S keys each week.
• Some nouns are irregular: man S men
b Do you get exercise?

36 Unit 5 The environment 37

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 5b What we consume
A 6 In London, one has covered
a wall with more than
plants.
7 Two towers in Milan will have forests
Vocabulary results and figures Reading understanding a chart on the sides, which will improve Milan’s
.
1 Look at the pie and bar charts. Complete the 3 This chart compares how often people in different 8 The forests also protect the people living there
phrases (1–4) with these words. countries recycled their household materials in from the of the city.
2008 and 2009. Complete the statements (1–7) with
exactly just over nearly well over the correct nationality.
Grammar articles
2008 2009
88
6 Complete the sentences with the or – (no article).
87
81 B
76 76 1 Birds eat worms.
70
63 65 2 One day I’d love to visit Amazon
52 54 54 57 54 rain forest.
44 3 New Zealand is a country with
36 37 39
33 every type of natural feature.
4 Maldives are a group of islands in
the Indian Ocean.
1 half 2 50%
5 My favorite Hollywood actor is staying at
Astoria Hotel in London.

ns

ns

se

ch

ns

ns

se

s
an

an
ne

ne
ia

lia

ria

a
en

di

ic
al

hi

pa
zi

Fr

ga

ex
er

In
6 I don’t like driving at night.
tr

C
a

Ja

M
un
G
us

Br
A

H
7 One of best vacations I had was
1 In both years, the Australians recycled over staying at home for a week!
eighty percent of the time. C 8 Do you also speak English at home
2 The increased their recycling to with your family?
just over three-quarters of the time in 2009. 9 A: There’s a strange car outside our house!
3 In 2008, the recycled exactly a B: It’s same one I told you
third of the time. In 2009, they recycled just about earlier.
over fifty percent of the time.
3 the same 4 double 4 In 2009, the , the , and
7 Pronunciation /ðə/ or /ði:/
the all recycled at the same frequency. 31 Listen to the sentences in Exercise 6 with
5 The increased their rate of the. Do you hear the pronunciation /ðə/ or /ði:/?
2 Read the phrases and shade in the pie charts recycling by exactly fifty percent.
accordingly. /ðə/ Sentences:
6 The recycled just over seventy-
/ði:/ Sentences:
five percent of the time in 2008 and then well
over eighty percent in 2009. 8 Read this paragraph. An article (a, an, or the) is
7 The recycled just over a third of missing in eight places. Write the missing articles.
the time in 2008 and over forty percent in 2009. 5 30 Listen again and complete these sentences. the
1 It’s estimated that the construction industry Over three hundred million people live in USA.
Listening managing the produces around of the
It is one of world’s most multicultural countries.
world’s carbon emissions.
environment 2 The world population is growing, so It used to be part of United Kingdom, but it
1 exactly half 2 just over 75% 4 30 Listen to a news report about environmentally need houses to live in.
friendly houses. Number the photos (A–C) on page 3 The house in Holland is made from became new country in 1776. Washington, D.C.
39 in the order the speaker talks about them (1–3). . It takes just
became capital city, and the president still lives there
to build it.
carbon emissions (n) /ˈkɑrbən ɪˈmɪʃ(ə)nz/ the amount of 4 Some people are trying to build houses out of in White House today. However, it isn’t biggest city.
carbon dioxide that vehicles or industries put into the air , though this isn’t a new
climate change (n) /ˈklaɪmət tʃeɪndʒ/ a long-term change in idea. New York City is bigger, and it’s also more popular
the Earth's weather patterns
5 In about 1905, a man named Tom Kelly built
with tourists. In particular, they come to see Statue
a house made with glass
3 nearly 50% 4 well over 90% bottles.
of Liberty.
38 Unit 5 The environment 39
 5c Trash we produce 5d Online shopping
Word focus take 4 32 Listen again. Complete this fact sheet with Listening an order by phone S:
C:
Hello?
Yes, hello.
numbers.
1 Replace take in the sentences (1–6) with these verbs S: It’s $29.
or phrases. American households C: 5

S: Yes, it does.
Total amount of trash produced =
carry drink go by 1 C: OK. I’ll order it.
billion kilos
have last slow down S: Great. I’ll need to get some details. 6
Amount recycled or composted = C: It’s Bruce. B-R-U-C-E.
1 Let’s take a taxi. It’s much faster. go by 2 S: And your address?
billion kilos
2 The trip will take about three hours. C: 312 Second Avenue. And that’s in Salem, Oregon.
Electronic devices S: 7
1 33 Listen to a customer ordering a garden C: VISA. The number is 4456 8938 9604 9500.
3 Take your time! There’s no hurry. The average American household owns composter by phone. Complete the order form.
3 S: Sorry, is that 9500 at the end?
4 It’s time for you to take a break. electronic devices.
C: Yes, that’s right.
5 You need to take 10 ml of this medicine twice a Households with three or more people own as many S: 8
4 Item number: 1
day for two weeks. as devices. C: Yes, please. My email is bob dot bruce fifty-one
6 This boat can take up to 30 people. Name of item: Garden Composter at gmail dot com.
Recycling one million cell phones could produce Price: 2 (including delivery)
5 S: Let me check: bob dot bruce fifty-one at gmail
2 Complete these sentences in your own words. kilos of gold. Last name of customer: 3 dot com.
Paper recycling Address: 4 Second Avenue, Salem, OR C: That’s right.
1 My commute to work takes .
Type of credit card: 5 S: 9
2 I normally take a break . In 2009, the average amount of paper recycled was Card number: 6 C: No, thanks. That’s everything.
3 It’s important to take your time when you 6 kilos per person in the US, or about Email: 7 S: OK. Goodbye.
. kilos per household. C: Bye.
4 It’s important to take care when you % of American households live near
7
. paper recycling projects. Real life calling about an order 3 Listen and respond making an order
By Karyn Maier, Demand Media 2 33 Complete the conversation from Exercise 1 34 You are ordering an item by phone.
Listening one household’s trash with these questions (a–i). Then listen again and Listen and respond to the salesperson using this
check your answers. information and your own details. Spell your last
3 32 Listen to a news report. Answer these
name and email address.
questions. a Can I get your last name?
1 What type of news is it about? b Does that include delivery?
c Do you have the item number? Name of item: Laptop
d How can I help you? Item number: GR897-01
2 Which country is it about? e Would you like confirmation by email? Type of credit card: Mastercard
f Is that the garden composter? Card number: 7558 6799 3647 1023
3 What examples of electronic devices does g Which credit card would you like to pay with?
it mention? h Can I put you on hold for a moment?
i Is there anything else I can help you
with today? 4 Pronunciation sounding friendly
4 Does the reporter think recycling electronic
devices could have a big effect? S = Sales assistant, C = Customer 35 Listen to the salesperson again. Repeat the
S: Good morning. 1 expressions with similar intonation so that you
C: Hi. I’m calling about a product on your sound polite and friendly.
5 What kind of recycling has become successful website. I’d like to order it, but the website
in this country? won’t let me. 1 How can I help you?
S: One moment … 2 2 Do you have the item number?
C: Yes, it’s 7786-P. 3 Can I get your last name?
S: 7786-P. OK. 3
4 Which credit card would you like to pay with?
C: Yes, that’s right.
S: Well, I can take your order by phone. 5 Can I have the card number?
C: OK, but how much does it cost? 6 Would you like confirmation by email?
S: Hmm. 4 7 Can I have your email address?
C: Sure ...
8 Is there anything else I can help you with today?

40 Unit 5 The environment 41

 5e Emails about an order
1 Writing skill formal words 2 Replace the words in bold in the sentences with
these more formal words.
These sentences are from two emails. One email is
more formal than the other. Write the sentences in apologize ’d be delighted provide
the correct order in the two emails below. receive refund request
a Please email this as soon as possible. 1 I’m happy to deliver it today.
b I’m happy to send you the running shoes.
2 We didn’t get our order.
c But you didn’t give me the item no.
3 I’m writing to ask for a replacement.
d Thanks for placing another order with us!
e We are grateful for your order dated August 4 We’re sorry for any delay.
30th. 5 Please give your email address.
f Please send ASAP.
6 When will you give back the money?
g We would be delighted to send you the dress
immediately.
h However, we require the correct order number.
Writing emails
Hi Hans! 3 Write three different emails between a customer
and an online DVD supplier. Use formal language.
Follow the instructions in parentheses.
1 Thanks for placing another order
with us!
Email 1
2 up the definition of re- in your dictionary.
(1 Request information about a DVD)
3
(2 Ask about the price)
4 (3 Request information ASAP)
All the best,
Malcolm
Email 2
(4 Thank customer for inquiry)
Dear Ms. Powell, (5 Say the price is $10)
5 We are grateful for your order (6 Add that delivery is included in price)
dated August 30th.
6 5 Great Wall
Email 3
7 6 Plastiki
(7 Thank the other person for replying)
8 from the dictionary extract?
(8 Confirm you want to order it)
Malcolm Douglas
(9 Ask for information on how to pay)
Customer Care Dept.
42
Wordbuilding hyphenated 2 Find these five nouns in your dictionary.
Are they countable (C), uncountable (U), or
words both (B)?
WORDBUILDING hyphenated words foot ——— information ——— luggage ———
We sometimes use a hyphen to join two or more words. It’s
time ——— tooth ———
always useful to check your dictionary, but here are some
examples of when we use a hyphen:
3 These words all have two or more parts. Find
• two or more words as a noun, e.g., e-waste,
brother-in-law them in your dictionary. Which part of the
• two or more words as an adjective before a noun, word or phrase did you look for first?
e.g., out-of-date, second-hand
out-of-date eco-friendly recycling bin
• with a capitalized word, e.g., anti-English, pro-American
can opener user-friendly
• with numbers, fractions, and measurements,
e.g., twenty-one, two-thirds, three-liter plastic bottle
4 Find the verb take in your dictionary. Answer
these questions.
1 Look at the wordbuilding box. Then write the
a How many different meanings does the
missing hyphens in these sentences.
verb take have: fewer than 10? between
1 Please board the plane as we are ready for 10 and 20? more than 20?
take off. b Find a new collocation or expression
2 There’s some out of date software here. with the verb take.
3 A lot of people are pro European. 5 Look up the verb reuse in your dictionary.
4 Nearly three quarters of the population From the definition, guess the meaning of the
prefix re-. Then check your answer by looking
regularly recycles glass.
5 I only use eco friendly laundry detergent.
6 Do you have an up to date bus schedule?
7 My birthday is on the thirty first of January.
Check!
8 My wife’s mother is my mother in law. 4 What is the connection between these pairs of
words from Unit 5 of the Student Book? Check
9 A marathon is a twenty six mile run. That’s
forty two kilometers. your ideas by looking back through the unit.
10 All our products use state of the art 1 Earth 30%
technology.
2 Look at an English text (e.g., in a newspaper, on 2 computers e-waste
the internet, or in the Student Book) and circle
more examples of hyphenated words. 3 a few a little
Learning skills using a 4 tell inform
dictionary (2)
Green Wall
3 Use these exercises to practice your dictionary
skills.
plastic bottles
1 Look at the noun in this dictionary extract. Is it
countable or uncountable? How do you know
7 Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch
information /ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən/ noun [U]
8 Arctic Ocean Pacific Ocean
knowledge or facts about a person or thing
9 Gobi Desert Sahara Desert
43