Basic Philosophical Perspectives &

Classifications of Art
Topic 2

By Jessie B. Martinez, MAED

This material is intended for academic purposes only by the rightful recipients. Distribution, dissemination, or reproduction in
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Topic 2:
Basic Philosophical Perspectives and
Classifications of Arts
Discussion Points:
• Elaborate and discuss the
philosophical perspectives of art
• Revisit the classifications of art

Learning Outcomes:
• Exhibit/showcase skill/s in arts
1
Basic
Philosophical
Perspectives of
Art
Plato

‘Art as Mimesis’
-an imitation of the real that
was an imitation of the ideal
 Statue Mime
https://www.youtube.com/w https://www.alamy.com/stock-
atch?v=cGuaL4Cj-D8 photo/statue-of-liberty-actor.html
2
Basic
Philosophical
Aristotle Perspectives of

‘Art as Representation’ Art

❑ .."to bring to mind by description"

❑ A representation is a type of recording in which
the sensory information about a physical object is
described in a medium.
❑ The word “representational,” means that the
work depicts something easily recognized by
most people.
❑ Representation always involves a certain degree
of abstraction.
Mona Lisa (La Gioconda)
by
Leonardo Da Vinci

Lisa Gherardini, wife of

Francesco del Giocondo
 Sisa
(Noli Me Tangere)

Trivia:
Sisa was named after
Narcisa, Jose P.
Rizal’s second eldest
sister

Sisa and her children Basilio and Crispin,

UP Theatre
http://avrotor.blogspot.com/2016/12/rizals-masterpiece-noli-me-tangere.html
3
Basic
Benjamin Constant & Victor Cousin Philosophical
Perspectives of

‘Art for art’s sake’

Art

‘that art should not be judged on its relationship to

social, political, or moral values, but purely for its formal
and aesthetic qualities’
 Piet Mondrian, ‘Composition II in Red, Blue
and Yellow’, 1930

Jackson Pollock, Number 8, 1949

 4
Basic
Philosophical
Perspectives of
Art

‘Art as an Escape’
-the sacred level of art not
only transforms something into
art but also transforms the
artist at the very core of his or
her feelings
Photo by Matt Palmer on Unsplash
5
Basic
Philosophical

‘Art as Functional’ Perspectives of

Art
-art is meant to be used

https://www.tellwut.com/surveys/products/121626-functional-art.html
CLASSIFICATIONS OF ART
 created to stimulate us through a visual
Visual Art experience.

❑ Painting
❑ Sculpture
❑ Architecture
❑ Film
❑ Printmaking
❑ Photography
❑ Environmental art
❑ Contemporary art forms of
expression – assemblage,
collage, conceptual, installation
 Filipino Visual Artists
• Fernando Amorsolo (paintings of idyllic
Philippine rural life)
• Carlos “Botong” Francisco (use of
geometric forms and linear painting)
• Guillermo Tolentino (dubbed as Pieta
(1962))
• Napoleon Abueva (The Father of Modern
Philippine Sculpture)
• Victorio Edades (Father of Modern
Philippine Painting, whose works
employed dark and somber colors, and
were focused on depicting the dirt and
sweat of laborers, factory workers, and
Nine Muses (1994) by Napoleon Abueva the Philippine proletariat);
 Filipino Visual Artists
• Vicente Manansala (developed a
style called ‘transparent cubism,’
where he masterfully overlaid colors
and shapes to depict forms and
figures)
• Cesar Legaspi (works primarily
focused on the dehumanization and
struggles experienced by the working
class and mendicants in the city)
• Hernando Ocampo (focused on
depicting the harsh realities of life in
Luksong Tinik (Jump over thorns) the Philippines)
by Vicente Manansala
 Filipino Visual Artists

• Arturo Luz (credited with elevating the

Filipino aesthetic vision, and his work is
elegant and economic, employing
minimalism, geometric abstracts, and
invoking a universal reality)
• Jeremias Elizalde Navarro (use of mixed
media in much of his work, sometimes
fusing found objects and metal parts)
• Ang Kiukok (works depict rage and
violence
Pieta (1962) by Ang Kiukok
• José Joya (work espoused kinetic energy
and spontaneity, and he was a master of
gestural paintings).
 forms which involve physical manipulation of a
Plastic Art plastic medium and/or not necessarily plastic
objects by molding or modeling

❑ Clay
❑ Plaster
❑ Ceramics
❑ Stone
❑ Metals
❑ Wood
❑ Paper (origami)
Priscilla the parrot fish.
Photo by Nachama Soloveichik
 “At
‘Plastic Family’ Art made of Ocean Pollution Panthalassa
we believe
that art has
the ability to
attract
attention,
while at the
same time
sending a
message
that
resonates
and lasts
over time.

Panthalassa (2021)
Performing Art forms of art in which individual people
perform separately or together

❑ Traditional performance arts –

theatre, opera, music, ballet,
literary, etc.
❑ Folk performing arts
❑ Contemporary performance arts –
mime
❑ Hyper-modern performance arts –
happenings
Digital Art an artistic work or practice that uses digital
technology as part of the creative or
presentation process

❑New media – digital art,

computer graphics,
computer animation, virtual
art, Internet art, interactive
art, video games,
computer robotics, 3D (Digital art)
printing, and art as http://teresabernardart.co
m/what-are-the-
biotechnology classifications-of-art/
Did You Know?
Ronnie del Carmen Ricky Nierva

Paul Abadilla Armand Serrano

 an area in which design and decoration come
Applied Art together in order to create aesthetic designs
or objects that are both beautiful and
❑ Architecture useful/functional
❑ Computer art
❑ Photography
❑ Industrial design ❑ Advertising
❑ Web Graphic design ❑ Ceramics
❑ Fashion design ❑ Textiles
❑ Interior design ❑ Woodcraft
❑ Automotive design ❑ Armory
❑ Cartographic (map) ❑ Basketry
design
 concerned with the design and
Decorative Art decoration of objects that are chiefly
prized for their utility, rather than for their
❑ Jewelry
purely aesthetic qualities.
❑ Ceramics
❑ Mosaic art
❑ Textile fabric
❑ Furniture
❑ Furnishings
❑ Tapestry art
Thank you for listening!
References

Hospers, John. (?). Philosophy of art - Formal principles in art | Britannica.

Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/topic/philosophy-of-art/Formal-
principles-in-art

What is mimesis in art? | Mimetic Theory. Retrieved from

https://mimetictheory.com/mimetic-theory-resources/faq/what-is-art-a-
mimesis/#:~:text=What%20is%20mimesis%20in%20art%3F%20Mimesis%20in%20art,
Literature.%20The%20idea%20is%20that%20art%20imitates%20nature

The Editors of Ecyclopedia Britannica. (?). Mimesis (art). Retrieved from

https://www.britannica.com/art/mimesis

Rotor, Abrecio. (December 28, 2016). Living with Nature - School on Blog : Rizal's
Masterpiece NOLI ME TANGERE (Latin "Touch me not.") - a Review
(avrotor.blogspot.com). Retrieved from
http://avrotor.blogspot.com/2016/12/rizals-masterpiece-noli-me-tangere.html
The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. Art for art’s sake. (?). Retrieved from
https://www.britannica.com/art/aesthetic-distance

TheArtStory. (2021). Art for Art's Sake - Development and Ideas. Retrieved
fromhttps://www.theartstory.org/definition/art-for-art/history-and-concepts/

Tim Denning,, Tim. (October 7, 2019). Good Art Helps Us Escape. Sometimes,
that’s all it needs to do to… Retrieved from
https://bettermarketing.pub/good-art-helps-us-escape-9592c7ab9538

Sidney & Berne Davis Art Center | Fort Myers. (2021). Functional Art.
Retrieved from https://www.sbdac.com/functional-art/

Bernard, Teresa. (September 1, 2015 ). What Are The Classifications Of Art? .

Retrieved from http://teresabernardart.com/what-are-the-classifications-of-
art/
Tate. (?). Happening – Art Term. Retrieved from
https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/h/happening

Panthalassa. (2021). 'Plastic Family' Art made of Ocean Pollution –

Retrieved from http://www.panthalassa.org/plastic-family-art-made-of-
ocean-pollution/