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PHARMACOGNOSY BRAINSTORMING QUESTIONS

1. What is pharmacognosy?

Pharmacognosy is the systematic study of those crude drugs obtained from

natural origin like plant, animal and minerals.

2.Pharmacognosy is derived from ………….. and ………….. which meAns -

……………. And ……………..?
Pharmakon and gignosco
Medicine and to acquire knowledge of something

3.Who coined the term pharmacognosy?

Prof John schimidt in his book lehrbuch der materia medica earlier subject
known as materia medica it includes the systematic study of crude drugs
from nature

4. The history of pharmacognosy is not as old as human existence

T/F
True

5. The word drug is derived from

A. Drog Greek term
B. Droog Latin term
C. Droog Greek term
D. Drog Latin term

The word drug is derived from Latin term Droog which meAns - dried

6. History of pharmacognosy can be classified into how many major stages?

Three (3)
Pharmacognosy in ancient times( before the nineteenth century)
Pharmacognosy in early modern times (1815 ~ 1930)
Pharmacognosy in modern times (1930 to the late 1990s)

7. Medicine originated in
A. India
B. Egypt
C. Greek
D. Latin
The medicines originated in Egypt and India. Medicines were recorded
both in Papyrus

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Ebers of Egypt about 1,500 BC and later ni Ayurveda of India. In papyrus,
crocus, dried
ox-bile juice, castor oil, and so on were mentioned.

8. In which of the times did pharmacognosy came into it’s real being?
In early modern times(1815~1930)

9.Who used the word pharmakognosie in his book and in what year?
A. Seydler 1806
B. Sertuner 1815
C. Seydler 1815
D. Sertuner 1806
In 1815, C.A. Seydler, a German who used the word "pharmakognosie" in
his book named Analecta Pharmacognostica. In 1806, Serturner, a German,
clarified the cell to be the basic unit of plant structure,

10. Who isolated narcotine from opium?

In 1803, the French pharmacist, Derosne isolated
narcotine from opium. In 1806, Sertuerner isolated morphine from opium
and its role in alleviating pain was recognised.

11.Developmental events that contributed to the evolvement of pharmacognosy

in modern times(1930 to the late 1990s) are?

 Isolation of Penicillin in in 1928 by William Fleming and large scale

productionin 1941.

 Isolation of Reserpine from Rauwolfia root and confirming its

hypotensive and tranquilizing properties.

 Isolation of Vinca alkaloids, especially vincristine and vinblastine.

Vincristine was found useful in the treatment of leukemia. These
alkaloids also have anticancer properties.

12. Important aspects that led to the modern development of drugs and
pharmaceuticals are?

 Isolation of phytochemicals: Strong acting substances such as

glycosides of digitalis, alkaloids of hyoscyamus and belladonna,ergot,
rauwolfia, morphine and other alkaloids of opium were isolated and
their clinical uses studied.

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 Structure activity relationship: The presence of a lactone ring is
essential for the action of cardiac glycosides. Likewise anthraquinone
glycosides cannot have their action without satisfying the positions at
C1, C3, C8, C9a n d C10.

 Drugs obtained by partial synthesis of natural products: Oxytocic

activity of methyl ergometrine is more than that of ergometrine. In
ergotamine, by 9:10 hydrogenation, oxytocic activity is suppressed
and spasmolytic activity increases.

 The preparation of steroid hormones like progesterone, from

diosgenin and other saponins by acetolysis and oxidation and, further
preparation of cortisone by microbial reactions. Steroid hormones
and their semisynthetic analogues represent a multimillion dollar
industry in the United States.

13. Pharmacognosy doesn’t link traditional medicine system and modern

medicine system T/F

FALSE

It is an important link between modern medicine systems (allopathy) and

traditional system of medicine. It is part of the medicinal system which is
affordable as well as accessible to common man. As part of integrative
system of medicine, pharmacognosy can help to increase effectivenessof
modern medicine system.

14. Development of pharmacognosy also leads to development of taxonomyT/F?

TRUE

Development of pharmacognosy also leads to development of botany,

taxonomy, plant biotechnology, plant genetics, plant pathology,
pharmaceutics, pharmacology, phytochemistry and other branches of
science such as traditional and alternative medicine.

15.The oldest source is drugs is ?

Plant source is the oldest source of drugs. Most of the drugs in ancient
times were derived from plants.

16. Leaves of …….. give ………… which is an important component of cough

syrup?

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The leaves of Digitalis purpurea are the source of Digitoxin and Digoxin,
which are cardiac glycosides. Leaves of Eucalyptus give oil of Eucalyptus,
which is important component of cough syrup. Tobacco leaves give nicotine.
Atropa belladonna gives atropine.

17. ……… gives ……… used as tonic?

Clove gives eugenol, Vinca rosea gives vincristine and vinblastine Rose
gives rose waterused as tonic.

18. ……….. consists of carminic acid used as coloring agent for foods drugs
and cosmetics products?

Cochineal (Dried full grown female insects)

19. ………….. salts are used in treatment of syphillis?

Iron is used in treatment of iron deficiency anemia. Mercurialsalts are used

in Syphilis. Zinc is used as zinc supplement. Zinc oxide paste is used ni
wounds and in eczema. Iodine is antiseptic. lodine supplements are also
used. Gold salts are used in thetreatment ofrheumatoid arthritis.

20. Selenium as ………… is used in anti dandruff shampoos

Selenium sulphide

21. Tissue culture is an in vivo cultivation of plant cells or tissue under aseptic
and controlled environmental conditions T/F

False
It is in vitro
22. Which is not a source of drugs
A. Plant
B. Animal
C. Mineral
D. Recombinant DNA technology
E. NOA

23.Which is not a natural source of drug

A. Plant
B. Marine
C. Plant tissue culture

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D. Animal
E. Mineral
F. B and C
G. Only C
H. Only B
I . NOA
J. AOB

Source of drugs
I. Plant
a. Leaves
b. Flowers
c. Fruits
d. Seeds
e. Bark

II. Animal
III. Mineral
IV. Miscellaneous
V. Marine
VI. Plant tissue culture
VII. Synthetic/semi synthetic
VIII. Microbiological
IX. Recombinant DNA technology

Plants animals minerals marines and plant tissue culture are all natural
sources of drugs

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1. The character most often studied in chemotaxonomy are………?
Ans -Secondary metabolites

2.The demerit of chemical classification is ?

Ans -It fails in proper placement of drugs containing two different types of
chemical

3.In chemo taxonomical classification

A. Chemical constituents is given higher priority
B. Taxonomical status is given higher priority
C. Equal importance is given to them
D. NOA
Ans -C

4. ……………..classification is very important for photochemical study of

crude drugs
A. Pharmalogical
B. Chemical
C. Taxonomical
D. Alphabetical
Ans -B

5. Bulk and irritant purgatives being put together is a characteristic of which

classification
A. Pharmalogical
B. Chemical
C. Taxonomical
D. Alphabetical
Ans -A

6.Cinchona being grouped as antimalarial bitters and stimulants is a

characteristic of which classification
A. Pharmalogical
B. Chemical
C. Taxonomical
D. Alphabetical
Ans -A

7. The merit of pharmacological classification is

A. It recognise organized or unorganized nature of crude drugs in
morphological studies
B. Even if the content of a drug is not know they can still be classified
C. Pharmaceutical aids are placed in their classification

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D. Drugs with different therapeutic effects maybe be classified separately
Ans -B

8.Chemicals bind to ………… of the body?

A. Cells
B. Nerves
C. Receptors
D. Muscles
Ans -C
SPECIFIC RECEPTORS

9. In……………classification drugs which show similar therapeutic effects are

placed together
A. Chemical
B. Therapeutic
C. Taxonomical
D. Morphological
E. NOA
Ans -E

10.……….. is a specific function for each drugs due to its chief chemical
constituents?
Ans -DRUG ACTION

11.Examples of unorganized drugs are

A. Agar and clove bud
B. Agar and gelatin
C. Clove essential oil and bud
D. Honey and clove bud
Ans -B

12. Drugs are

A. Chemical constituents which are obtained by the natural/herbal sources or
synthetic source.
B. All medicines for internal or external use of human beings or animal
C. Substances other than food intended to affect the structure or any function of
the human body
D. All of the above
Ans -D

13.The simplest way of classification is ……………?

Ans -ALPHABETICAL CLASSIFICATION

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14.The demerit of taxonomical classification is
A. It fails at recognizing organized or unorganized nature of crude drugs in
morphological studies
B. Animal and mineral drug are difficult to classify by this method
C. Pharmaceutical aids are not placed in their classification
D. All of the above
Ans -A

15.The demerit of morphological classification is

A. It fails at recognizing organized or unorganized nature of crude drugs in
morphological studies
B. Animal and mineral drug are difficult to classify by this method
C. Pharmaceutical aids are not placed in their classification
D. Drugs with different therapeutic effects maybe be classified separately
Ans -B

16.The merits of morphological classification are?

A. This type of classification is more convenient for practical purposes,
especially, where the chemical nature is not known.
B. This type of classification is also very useful in identifying the adulterants
used.
C. NOA
D. AOA
Ans -D

17. On basis of morphology drugs are divided into..?

A.1
B.2
C.3
D.4
Ans -B

18.Oraganized drugs are

A. Obtained from plant animal and mineral sources
B. Defined by organoleptic characteristics
C. Are products of plants and animals
D. AOA
E. NOA
Ans -E

19. Unorganized drugs are

A. Solid
B. Gas

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C. Liquid
D. A and B
E. Only C
F. A and C
G. Only B
Ans -F

20. Organized drugs are

A. Solid
B. Gas
C. Liquid
D. A and B
E. Only C
F. A and C
G. Only B
H. Semisolid
Ans -A
Organized drugs are
1.Obtained from plant animal and sources
2.Defined by morphological characteristics like taste and odour
3.obtained directly from plants and animals
4. Have defined structure
5. Solid in nature

Unorganized drugs are

1.Obtained from plant animal and mineral sources
2.Defined by organoleptic characteristics like taste and odour
3.products of plants and animals
4. Have no defined structure
5. Solid semisolid or liquid

21.In taxonomical classification crude drugs are classified on basis of their ?

Alphabetical classification is placing drugs which belong to similar alphabet in
a group

Ans -Taxonomical classification is classification of drugs based on their

division class sub class order family genus and species

Pharmacological classification Is placing drugs with similar

pharmacological function or therapeutic effects together

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Chemical classification is placing drugs with similar chemical constituents
together

Chemo-taxonomical classification is a combination of taxonomical and

chemical classification

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