Agriscience Fundamentals and

Applications 6th Edition Burton Test

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UNIT 9—SOILS AND HYDROPONICS MANAGEMENT

TRUE/FALSE

1. Greenhouses that are near natural hot water springs can use the springs as a heat source.

ANS: T PTS: 1

2. In the retail market, “hothouse” vegetables command higher prices than field production vegetables.

ANS: T PTS: 1

3. Greenhouses use soil as their only growing medium for plants.

ANS: F PTS: 1

4. Over time, hydroponics has become a less important mode of producing vegetables and other
high-income plants.

ANS: F PTS: 1

5. Perlite is used extensively for starting new plants because it holds little water.

ANS: F PTS: 1

6. Soils vary in temperature, organic matter, and the amount of air and water they contain.

ANS: T PTS: 1

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which of the following is the top layer of the Earth's surface?

a. soil c. air
b. plants d. water
ANS: A PTS: 1

2. Much of the original work of soil mapping was completed by the:

a. Forestry Service c. Farm Service Agency
b. Fish and Wildlife Service d. Soil Conservation Service
ANS: D PTS: 1

3. Soils formed in place from parent materials are considered:

a. profiled c. residual
b. microbial d. living
ANS: C PTS: 1

4. A properly limed and fertilized forage crop is the backbone of a successful crop:
a. row c. yield
b. selection d. rotation
 ANS: D PTS: 1

5. The maximum number of capability classes on a soils map is:

a. three c. seven
b. five d. eight
ANS: D PTS: 1

6. Soil capability subclasses are designated by:

a. lowercase letter e, w, s, or c c. the numerals 1 to 7
b. capital letter E, W, S, or C d. Roman numerals I to VII
ANS: A PTS: 1

7. Which of the following soil components is derived from such nonliving sources as rock material?
a. organic matter c. topsoil
b. mineral matter d. horizon A
ANS: B PTS: 1

8. The term for the proportion and size of soil particles is:
a. percolation c. texture
b. permeability d. structure
ANS: C PTS: 1

9. A cross-sectional view of soil provides a soil:

a. layer c. grade
b. deposit d. profile
ANS: D PTS: 1

10. What does 7 represent on the pH scale?

a. acid c. alkaline
b. basic d. neutral
ANS: D PTS: 1

11. What is the proper growing environment for “hothouse” vegetables?

a. warm and dark house c. controlled greenhouse
b. summer months indoors d. unshaded river deltas
ANS: C PTS: 1

12. Peat moss consists of partially decomposed mosses that have accumulated in waterlogged areas called:
a. loess c. bogs
b. silt d. compost
ANS: C PTS: 1

13. Horse manure mixed with straw is used extensively as a medium for growing:
a. mushrooms c. grasses
b. vegetables d. legumes
ANS: A PTS: 1

14. Without soil microbes, organic materials would not:

 a. thrive c. mix
b. multiply d. decay
ANS: D PTS: 1

COMPLETION

1. Hydroponics is the practice of growing plants without ____________________.

ANS: soil

PTS: 1

2. Soil groups within the subclasses are called ____________________ units.

ANS: capability

PTS: 1

3. The process by which water soaks into and moves through the soil is called ____________________.

ANS: percolation

PTS: 1

4. In acid soils, ____________________ is needed to raise the pH value for efficient production of crops.

ANS: lime

PTS: 1

5. ____________________ are plants in which certain bacteria use nitrogen gas from the air and convert
it to nitrate.

ANS: Legumes

PTS: 1

6. ____________________ is a mixture of partially decayed organic matter such as leaves, manure, and
household plant wastes.

ANS: Compost

PTS: 1

7. In high rainfall areas, soils are usually ____________________ and somewhat acidic.

ANS: leached

PTS: 1

8. The relative sizes of soil particles, from smallest to largest, are clay, silt, and ____________________.
 ANS: sand

PTS: 1

9. The pH is a measure of the degree of acidity or alkalinity. Neutral on the pH scale is the number
____________________.

ANS:
7
seven

PTS: 1

10. The tool used to collect a uniform volume of soil is called a soil ____________________.

ANS: auger

PTS: 1

MATCHING

Match the following definitions with their related terms.

a. cross-sectioned view of soil
b. practice of growing plants without soil
c. movement of water into and through the soil
d. mixture of partially decayed organic matter
e. microscopic plants and animals
1. hydroponics
2. percolation
3. profile
4. microbes
5. compost

1. ANS: B PTS: 1
2. ANS: C PTS: 1
3. ANS: A PTS: 1
4. ANS: E PTS: 1
5. ANS: D PTS: 1

Match these descriptions to their corresponding terms.

a. affects distribution of soil particles and water
b. causes soils to develop, mature, and age
c. affects rate of weathering
d. influences fertility and texture of soil
e. causes decay of organic material
f. removes soluble materials
g. topsoil
h. organic
i. parent material
j. subsoil
6. temperature/rainfall
 7. living organism
8. parent material
9. topography
10. leaching
11. weathering
12. Horizon O
13. Horizon A
14. Horizon B
15. Horizon C

6. ANS: C PTS: 1
7. ANS: E PTS: 1
8. ANS: D PTS: 1
9. ANS: A PTS: 1
10. ANS: F PTS: 1
11. ANS: B PTS: 1
12. ANS: H PTS: 1
13. ANS: G PTS: 1
14. ANS: J PTS: 1
15. ANS: I PTS: 1

SHORT ANSWER

1. What ingredient could be added to the soil to lower the pH value?

ANS:
sulfur

PTS: 1

2. Name three types of living organisms that greatly affect soil formation.

ANS:
Living organisms, such as microbes, plants, insects, animals, and humans, exert considerable influence
on the formation of soil.

PTS: 1

3. What are the physical characteristics of the three important textural grades as determined by the “feel”
of the soil.

ANS:
The outstanding physical characteristics of the important textural grades, as determined by the “feel”
of the soil, are coarse textured (sandy), medium textured (loam), and fine textured (clay).

PTS: 1

4. Name three groups of organisms from the plant kingdom that are often found in soil.

ANS:
Some groups of organisms of the plant kingdom that are often found in soils are:
 1. roots of higher plants
2. algae: green, blue-green, and diatoms
3. fungi: mushroom fungi, yeasts, and molds
4. actinomycetes of many kinds: aerobic, anaerobic, autotrophic, and heterotrophic

PTS: 1

5. Name five predatory animals or microanimals that are prevalent in soils.

ANS:
Predatory groups of organisms from the animal kingdom that are prevalent in soils include snakes,
moles, insects, mites, centipedes, and spiders; microanimals that are predatory, parasitic, and live on
plant tissues include nematodes, protozoans, and rotifers.

PTS: 1

6. What taste terms are given to acid and alkaline soils?

ANS:
Acidity is sometimes referred to as sourness, and alkalinity is referred to as sweetness.

PTS: 1

7. List five important benefits or functions of organic matter in the soil.

ANS:
Important benefits or functions of organic matter in soil include:
1. making the soil porous
2. supplying nitrogen and other nutrients to the growing plant
3. holding water for future plant use
4. aiding in managing soil moisture content
5. furnishing food for soil organisms
6. serving as a store house for nutrients
7. minimizing leaching
8. serving as a source of nitrogen and growth-promoting substance
9. stabilizing soil structure

PTS: 1

8. What is weathering?

ANS:
Weathering refers to mechanical forces caused by temperature change such as heating, cooling,
freezing, and thawing.

PTS: 1

9. Describe the method of deposit for each of the following soils: alluvial, lacustrine, loess, colluvial, and
glacial.

ANS:
Alluvial soils are transported by streams; lacustrine soils are left by lakes; loess soils are left by wind;
colluvial soils are left by gravity, and glacial soils are left by ice.
 PTS: 1

10. What are soil aggregates?

ANS:
Soil aggregates, or crumbs, are soil units that contain mostly clay, silt, and sand particles held together
by a gel-type substance formed from organic matter.

PTS: 1