Prealgebra 4th Edition Tom Carson

Solutions Manual
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Chapter 6 Decimals
44.
Exercise Set 6.1
6÷2 3 75 ÷ 25 3 46.
2. 0.6 = = 4. 0.75 = =
10 ÷ 2 5 100 ÷ 25 4

125 ÷ 125 1 48. 0.15 < 0.5 50. 153.77 > 153.707
6. 0.125 = =
1000 ÷ 125 8
52. 0.090194 < 0.091094
48 ÷ 4 12 2÷2 1
8. 0.48 = = 10. 4.2 = 4 =4 54. 0.007 < 0.0602
100 ÷ 4 25 10 ÷ 2 5
56. −18.1095 < − 18.1085
4÷2 2
12. 6.4 = 6 =6 58. −26.71803 > − 267.1803
10 ÷ 2 5
60. 610.28 62. 610 64. 600
375 ÷ 125 3
14. 14.375 = 14 = 14 66. 0 68. 0.95 70. 0.9511
1000 ÷ 125 8 72. –408.06 74. –408.063 76. –408
54 ÷ 2 27 Exercise Set 6.2
16. 9.54 = 9 =9
100 ÷ 2 50 2. Estimate: 9 Actual: 9.167
+12 +12.320
5÷5 1
18. −0.0005 = − =− 21 21.487
10, 000 ÷ 5 2000
4. Estimate: 0.5 Actual: 0.5082
105 ÷ 5 21 +1.9 +1.9460
20. −219.105 = −219 = −219
1000 ÷ 5 200 2.4 2.4542
22. four hundred fifteen thousandths 6. Estimate: 0.2 Actual: 0.183
75.0 75.000
24. thirty thousand nine hundred fifteen millionths
+245.9 +245.900
26. fifteen and seventy-three hundredths 321.1 321.083
28. three hundred forty-three and four hundred six 8. Estimate: 2000 Actual: 1964.86
thousandths −200 −213.50
30. two thousand one hundred nine and three 1800 1751.36
thousandths
10. Estimate: 6 Actual 6.002
32. negative two thousand one hundred six and one −4 −4.135
tenth 2 1.867
34. negative nine hundred eighty-two millionths 12. Estimate: 5.0 Actual 5.00020
−0.2 −0.19873
36.
4.8 4.80147

14. −20 + 8.007 = −11.993

38.
Because we are adding numbers with different
signs, we subtract and keep the sign of the larger
absolute value.
40.
16. −7.09 + (−10.218) = −17.308
Because we must add two numbers that have the
42. same sign, we add the absolute values and keep
the negative sign.

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

78 Chapter 6 Decimals

18. 0.0209 − 1 = 0.0209 + ( −1) = −0.9791 38. ( 6a − 3.1a + 1.2a − 1)

4 2

− ( 5.4a + 1.7 a − 2.9a − 1.32 )

Because we are adding numbers with different 4 2
signs, we subtract and keep the sign of the larger
absolute value. = ( 6a − 3.1a + 1.2a − 1)
4 2

20. −980.4 − 19.62 = −980.4 + ( −1) = −1000.02

+ ( −5.4a − 1.7a + 2.9a + 1.32 )
4 2

Because we must add two numbers that have the

same sign, we add the absolute values and keep = 6a 4 − 5.4a 4 − 3.1a 2 − 1.7a 2 + 1.2a
the negative sign. + 2.9a − 1 + 1.32
= 0.6a 4 − 4.8a 2 + 4.1a + 0.32
22. −100 − (−63.912) = −100 + 63.912 = −36.088 40. x − 5.8 = 4.11
Because we are adding numbers with different +5.8 = +5.8
signs, we subtract and keep the sign of the larger x + 0 = 9.91
absolute value.
x = 9.91
24. −0.005 − (−2.0031) = −0.005 + 2.0031 = 1.9981
Check: 9.91 − 5.8 = 4.11
Because we are adding numbers with different 4.11 = 4.11
signs, we subtract and keep the sign of the larger
absolute value. 42. 6.09 = n + 7.1
−7.1 = −7.1
26. 0.8 x 3 − 7 x + 2.99 − 1.2 x − 9 + 0.91x 3
−1.01 = n + 0
= 0.8 x3 + 0.91x3 − 7 x − 1.2 x + 2.99 − 9
−1.01 = n
= 1.71x 3 − 8.2 x − 6.01
Check: 6.09 = −1.01 + 7.1
28. 4.2m 2 + m3 − 9m + 0.6 − 1.02m − m3 + 0.5 6.09 = 6.09
= m3 − m3 + 4.2m 2 − 9m − 1.02m + 0.6 + 0.5 44. −16.7 = h − 7.59
= 4.2m 2 − 10.02m + 1.1 +7.59 = +7.59
30. ( 0.4 y 3
− 8.2 y + 2.1) + ( 3.4 y 3 − y 2 − 3) −9.11 = h + 0
= 0.4 y 3 + 3.4 y 3 − y 2 − 8.2 y + 2.1 − 3 −9.11 = h
= 3.8 y 3 − y 2 − 8.2 y − 0.9 Check: −16.7 = −9.11 − 7.59
−16.7 = −16.7
32. ( 20.5m + 16m − 18.3m − 0.77 )
4 2
46. balance = initial balance – sum of deductions +
+ ( 0.9m − 2.08m + 1)
4 2 transfers
B = 250.20 − (25.00 + 858.48 + 119.45
= 20.5m 4 + 0.9m 4 + 16m 2 − 2.08m 2
+17.50 + 84.95) + 1355.98
− 18.3m − 0.77 + 1
B = 250.20 − 1105.38 + 1355.98
= 21.4m 4 + 13.92m 2 − 18.3m + 0.23
B = $500.80
34. ( 3.1y − y + 0.7 ) − ( 2.3 y + 1.7 y − 4 )
3 2 3 2
Jada’s account balance is $500.80
= ( 3.1y − y + 0.7 ) + ( −2.3 y − 1.7 y + 4 )
3 2 3 2 48. balance = credits – debits
B = (2, 000.00 + 161, 000 + 245.50 + 359.80)
= 3.1y 3 − 2.3 y 3 − y 2 − 1.7 y 2 + 0.7 + 4 −(179,900 + 2, 054.75)
= 0.8 y 3 − 2.7 y 2 + 4.7 B = 163605.3 − 181954.75
B = −18,349.45
36. (1.2n3 − 7.1n + 0.4 ) − ( 3.1n3 − 6n 2 + 8.9n + 1.3)
The Smiths need to bring $18,349.45.
= (1.2n3 − 7.1n + 0.4 ) + ( −3.1n3 + 6n 2 − 8.9n − 1.3) 50. change = amount paid – cost
C = 50 − (12.95 + 35.95 + 2.45)
= 1.2n3 − 3.1n3 + 6n 2 − 7.1n − 8.9n + 0.4 − 1.3
C = 50 − 51.35
= −1.9n3 + 6n 2 − 16n − 0.9 C = −$1.35
No, she needs $1.35 more.

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Instructor’s Solutions Manual 79

52. net pay = gross pay – deductions Exercise Set 6.3

N = 1067.08 − (62.27 + 14.57 + 128.05 + 53.35
2. Estimate and Actual: 0.7
+210.96 + 7.54 + 64.02 + 6.45)
×0.4
N = 1067.08 − 547.21
N = $519.87 0.28
Tony’s net pay is $519.87. 4. Estimate: 7 Actual: 6.81
×4 ×4.2
54. closing price of stock at the end of the first day + 28 1362
amount stock price changed = closing price of 27240
stock at the end of the second day 28.602
27.90 + n = 30.45
−27.90 −27.90 6. Estimate: 10 Actual: 12.31
0 + n = 2.55 ×10 ×10.4
n = 2.55 100 4924
The stock price increased by $2.55. 0000
56. To find the perimeter, we add all of the 123100
sides. 6.9 = d + 1.2 + 2.4 128.024
6.9 = d + 3.6
−3.6 −3.6 8. 145 10. 5.413(1000) = 5413
3.3 = d + 0 ×0.1
3.3 mi. = d
14.5
The missing side is 3.3 mi.
58. a) 12. ( −10, 000 )( 0.052 ) = −520
August 17 August 18 14. −0.01( 6 ) = −0.06 16. −0.234
Equation 36.78 + n = 36.98 36.98 + n = 36.77 × -0.18
−36.78 −36.78 −36.98 −36.98 1872
2340
0 + n = 0.20 0 + n = −0.21
0.04212
n = 0.20 n = −0.21
( 0.13) = ( 0.13)( 0.13) = 0.0169
2
Price 18.
$0.20 –$0.21
change
( 3.5 ) = ( 3.5)( 3.5 )( 3.5 ) = 42.875
3
20.

( −0.2 ) = ( −0.2 )( −0.2 )( −0.2 )( −0.2 )( −0.2 )

5
22.
August 19 August 20 = −0.00032
Equation 36.77 + n = 36.39 36.39 + n = 36.72
( −1.43) = ( −1.43)( −1.43) = 2.0449
2
24.
−36.77 −36.77 −36.39 −36.39
26. 5, 760, 000, 000, 000 mi. ; five trillion, seven
0 + n = −0.38 0 + n = 0.33
hundred sixty billion mi.
n = −0.38 n = 0.33
28. $13, 790, 000, 000, 000 ; thirteen trillion, seven
hundred ninety billion dollars
Price
–$0.38 $0.33 30. 92,920, 000 mi. ; ninety-two million, nine
change
hundred twenty thousand miles
b) August 19 32. 1.91 × 105 words 34. 2.47 × 1013 mi.
Puzzle Problem: $0.25 for the pen and $15.25 for the 36. 1.023 × 108 Hz
calculator. 38. ( 9.15 y )( 7.2 y ) = 65.88 y
2 4 2+ 4

= 65.88 y 6
40. ( −1.67n )( 2.4n ) = −4.008n
3 2 5

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80 Chapter 6 Decimals

42. ( −0.2 z ) = ( −0.2 )

5 3 3
z 5⋅3 72. A = bh 74. V = lwh
A = 1.8 ( 8.6 ) V = 4.8 ( 2.2 )( 3.1)
= −0.008 z15
A = 15.48 m 2 V = 32.736 cm3
44. 0.2 ( 6.8m3 + 0.44m − 7 )
Exercise Set 6.4
= 0.2 ⋅ ( 6.8m3 ) + 0.2 ⋅ ( 0.44m ) − 0.2 ⋅ 7
10 8.09
= 1.36m3 + 0.088m − 1.4 2. Estimate: 20 200 Actual: 24 194.16
46. −0.14 ( 0.9n 2 − 40n − 8.7 ) 200 192
= −0.14 ⋅ ( 0.9n 2 ) − 0.14 ⋅ ( −40n ) − 0.14 ⋅ ( −8.7 ) 0 216
216
= −0.126n 2 + 5.6n + 1.218 0
48. ( p − 1.5 )( p + 7.9 ) 0.1 0.106
= p ⋅ p + p ⋅ ( 7.9 ) − 1.5 ⋅ ( p ) − 1.5 ⋅ ( 7.9 ) 4. Estimate: 30 3.0 Actual: 32 3.392
30 32
= p 2 + 7.9 p − 1.5 p − 11.85
192
= p 2 + 6.4 p − 11.85
192
50. ( 6.1 y + 2 )( 0.8 y − 5 ) 0
= 6.1 y ⋅ ( 0.8 ) + 6.1y ⋅ ( −5 ) + 2 ⋅ ( 0.8 y ) + 2 ⋅ ( −5 ) 9
= 4.88 y 2 − 30.5 y + 1.6 y − 10 6. Estimate: 100 900
= 4.88 y 2 − 28.9 y − 10 900
0
52. ( 0.1m − 0.41)( 0.1m + 0.41)
= 0.01m 2 − 0.1681
8.7
54. ( 9t − 0.5)( 2t − 6.01) Actual: 93.96 ÷ 10.8 = 939.6 ÷ 108 so, 108 939.6
= 9t ⋅ ( 2t ) + 9t ⋅ ( −6.01) − 0.5 ⋅ ( 2t ) − 0.5 ⋅ ( −6.01) 864
= 18t 2 − 54.09t − t + 3.005 75 6
= 18t 2 − 55.09t + 3.005 756
56. number of gallons ⋅ price per gallon = cost 0
10.6 ⋅ 4.11 = 43.566 9
It will cost $43.57. 8. Estimate: 0.72 ÷ 0.08 = 72 ÷ 8 so, 8 72
58. cost = rate ⋅ time 72
cost = 0.09 ⋅ 21 0
cost = $1.89
60. cost = rate ⋅ weight 9.01
Actual: 0.7208 ÷ 0.08 = 72.08 ÷ 8 so, 8 72.08
cost = 1.19 ⋅ 5.31
72
cost ≈ $6.32
008
62. 698 ⋅ 0.1316 = 91.8568
8
Margaret will pay $91.86.
0
64. tax = dollar value ⋅ rate
tax = 9850 ⋅ 0.0301
tax ≈ $296.49
66. V = ir
V = ( −4.5 )(1.2 )
V = −5.4 volts
68. d = rt 70. A = bh
d = ( 565 )( 3.5 ) A = 3.4 ( 3.6 )
d = 1977.5 mi. A = 12.24 cm 2

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 Instructor’s Solutions Manual 81

10. Estimate: 30 ÷ ( −0.15 ) = 3000 ÷ ( −15) so, 1

0.125
7
0.28
22. = 8 1.000 24. = 25 7.00
−200 8 25
−15 3000 8 50
30 20 200
0 16 200
40 0
Actual: 28.5 ÷ ( −0.15 ) = 2850 ÷ ( −15 ) so,
40
−190 0
−15 2850
0.15625
15 5
26. − = 32 5.00000
135 32
32
135
180
00
160
0
200
0
192
12. Estimate and Actual: 0.1 ÷ 0.002 = 100 ÷ 2 = 50
80
64
14. Estimate: 9 ÷ ( −10, 000 ) = −0.0009 160
Actual: 8.93 ÷ ( −10, 000 ) = −0.000893 160 5
0 so, − = −0.15625
32
16. Estimate: −20 ÷ ( 0.001) = −20, 000 ÷ 1 = −20, 000 1
0.166
28. = 6 1.000 = 0.16
Actual: −21.7 ÷ ( 0.001) = −21, 700 ÷ 1 = −21, 700 6
6
40
18. Estimate: 30 ÷ 1 = 30 36
40
30.43
Actual: 30.13 ÷ 0.99 = 3013 ÷ 99 so, 99 3013.00 1 1
0.5
297 30. 25 = 25 + so, 2 1.0 so, 25 + 0.5 = 25.5
2 2
43 10
0 0
430 0.8
4 ⎛ 4⎞
396 32. −5 = − ⎜ 5 + ⎟ so, 5 4.0 so, − (5 + 0.8) = −5.8
340
5 ⎝ 5⎠
40
297 0
43 0.833
5 5
20. Estimate: −300 ÷ ( −0.1) = −3000 ÷ ( −1) = 3000 34. 76 = 76 + so, 6 5.00 = 0.83
6 6
48
Actual: 20
18
−339.2 ÷ ( −0.106 ) = −339, 200 ÷ ( −106 ) so,
so, 76 + 0.83 = 76.83
3200
106 339, 200
318
212
212
0

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82 Chapter 6 Decimals

5 ⎛ 5⎞ 60. −2.89 = −8.5 p Check: −2.89 = −8.5 ( 0.34 )

36. −99 = − ⎜ 99 + ⎟ so,
13 ⎝ 13 ⎠ −2.89 −8.5 p −2.89 = −2.89
=
0.384615 −8.5 −8.5
13 5.000000 = 0.384615 0.34 = 1 p
39 0.34 = p
1 10 62. 10.8t = −9.072 Check: 10.8(−0.84) = −9.072
1 04 10.8t −9.072 −9.072 = −9.072
=
60 10.8 10.8
52 1t = −0.84
80 t = −0.84
78 64. To calculate the payments, divide $1875.96 by 36
20 to have 3 years of 12 payments each year.
13 1875.96 ÷ 36 = 52.11 so, each payment will be
70 $52.11.
65 66. To calculate the fat intake, divide 20 by 3.
5 20 ÷ 3 = 6.6 so, the fat intake allowed at each
( )
so, − 99 + 0.384615 = −99.384615 meal is 6.6 g.
68. V = ir
38. 2.25 = 1.5 because (1.5)2 = 2.25 −40 = i (500)
0.0081 = 0.09 because (0.09) 2 = 0.0081 −40 500i
40. =
500 500
42. 108 ≈ 10.3923 ≈ 10.39 −0.08 = 1i
44. 78 ≈ 8.8318 ≈ 8.83 −0.08 = i
46. 0.0256 = 0.16 because (0.16) 2 = 0.0256 The current is –0.08 A.
70. A = lw
48. 2.5 ≈ 1.58114 ≈ 1.58 358.875 = 16.5w
50. 5.44 y 4 ÷ 1.7 y = 3.2 y 4 −1 358.875 16.5w
=
= 3.2 y 3 16.5 16.5
21.75 = 1w
3.42hk 7
52. = −0.9hk 7 − 2 21.75 in. = w
−3.8k 2
= −0.9hk 5
72. C = π d 74. C = πd
−2.7t 4 u 3 v 2
54. = 3.6t 4 u 3−1v 2 − 2 C ≈ 3.14 (12.17 ) 26.4 ≈ 3.14d
−0.75uv 2
C ≈ 38.21 ft. 26.4 3.14d
≈
= 3.6t 4 u 2
3.14 3.14
56. 81.5 y = 21.19 Check: 81.5 ( 0.26 ) = 21.19 8.41 ≈ 1d
81.5 y 21.19 21.19 = 21.19 8.41 ≈ d
=
81.5 81.5 so, d ≈ 8.41 m
1y = 0.26
y = 0.26 76. C = 2π r
24,888.98 ≈ 2(3.14)r
58. 4.066 = −0.38k Check: −0.38(−10.7) = 4.066
4.066 −0.38k 4.066 = 4.066 24,888.98 ≈ 6.28r
=
−0.38 −0.38 24,888.98 6.28r
≈
−10.7 = 1k 6.28 6.28
−10.7 = k 3963.2134 ≈ 1r
3963.21 ≈ r
The radius is about 3963.21 mi.

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 Instructor’s Solutions Manual 83

Exercise Set 6.5 1 ⎛ 1⎞ 1 0.45 16

20. 3 − ( 0.45 ) ⎜ 5 ⎟ = 3 − ⋅
2. 9.28 − 0.56 (12 ) = 9.28 − 6.72 8 ⎝ 3⎠ 8 1 3
= 2.56 1 7.2
=3 −
8 3
4. −0.25 ( 0.7 + 5.2 ) = −0.25 ( 5.9 ) = −1.475 = 3.125 − 2.4
= 0.725
6. 9.5 ( 2.6 − 0.99 ) − 4.33 = 9.5 (1.61) − 4.33
1 1 1 1
= 15.295 − 4.33 22. − ( 0.4 + 1.2 ) = − (1.6 )
= 10.965 6 24 6 24
1 1.6
= −
8. 16.1 ÷ 0.4 ( 0.3 ) + (1.3) = 16.1 ÷ 0.4 ( 0.3) + 1.69 6 24
2

1 1.6 ÷ 4
= 40.25 ( 0.3) + 1.69 = −
6 24 ÷ 4
= 12.075 + 1.69 1 0.4
= 13.765 = −
6 6
1 − 0.4
10. 7.5 + 2.2 0.25 − 36.8 ÷ 8 =
6
= 7.5 + 2.2 ( 0.5 ) − 36.8 ÷ 8 0.6
= 7.5 + 1.1 − 4.6 =
6
= 8.6 − 4.6 = 0.1
=4
( 22 + 64 + 31 + 12 ) 129
12. 40.1 − 6.9 ÷ 4.6 (1.4 ) + 0.36
2 24. a) Mean: = = 32.25 min.
4 4
= 40.1 − 6.9 ÷ 4.6 (1.96 ) + 0.6
Median: 12, 22, 31, 64
= 40.1 − 1.5 (1.96 ) + 0.6 The median is the mean of the two middle scores
= 40.1 − 2.94 + 0.6 22 + 31 53
= 37.16 + 0.6 which are 22 and 31. = = 26.5 min.
2 2
= 37.76
There is no mode.
14. [( 6.2 − 10 ) ÷ 8] − 2 1.21 = [−3.8 ÷ 8] − 2 1.21
b) You must divide the DC call into two parts
= −0.475 − 2 1.21 since it was included in two time frames.
= −0.475 − 2 (1.1)
= −0.475 − 2.2 ⎛ cost of call ⎞ ⎛ cost of call ⎞
total cost = ⎜ ⎟ +⎜ ⎟
= −2.675 ⎝ to Boston ⎠ ⎝ to NY ⎠
⎛ cost of call ⎞ ⎛ cost of call ⎞
7 +⎜ ⎟ + ⎜ to Orlando ⎟
16. (12.88 − 4.38 ) = 0.7 (8.5) ⎝ to DC ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
10
= 5.95
C = [ 0.10(22)] + ⎡⎣0.12 ( 64 ) ⎤⎦
5 3 −12.9 5 3 + ⎡⎣0.09(28) + 0.12 ( 3) ⎤⎦ + ⎡⎣0.12 (12 ) ⎤⎦
18. ( −12.9 ) + = ⋅ +
6 4 1 6 4 C = 2.20 + 7.68 + 2.88 + 1.44
−64.5 3 C = $14.20
= +
6 4
= −10.75 + 0.75 The total bill is $14.20.
= −10

26. Mean:

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84 Chapter 6 Decimals

⎛ 74 + 67 + 74.5 + 64 + 72 ⎞ 34. GPA is the ratio of total grade points to total

⎜ ⎟ credit hours. To calculate the total grade points,
⎝ +67 + 67 + 66 + 68 ⎠ = 619.5 ≈ 68.83 in. we must multiply the credits for each course by
9 9 the value of the letter grade received, then add all
Median: 64, 66, 67, 67, 67, 68, 72, 74, 74.5 those results.
The median is the middle height which is 67 Credit Grade Grade Points
inches. Math 100 5.0 B (5)(3) = 15
The mode is 67 in. Eng 100 3.0 C+ (3)(2.5) = 7.5
28. Mean: Psy 101 3.0 F (3)(0) = 0
Bio 101 4.0 C (4)(2) = 8
⎛ 38.64 + 38.84 + 40.44 + 38.70 ⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎝ +37.66 + 38.22 + 38.43 + 38.84 ⎠ = 309.77 ≈ $38.72 total grade points
8 8 GPA =
total credits
30.5
Median: 37.66, 38.22, 38.43, 38.64, 38.70, 38.84, GPA = = 2.033
15
38.84, 40.44
The median is the mean of the two middle values The student’s GPA is 2.033.
which are 38.64 and 38.70. 36. GPA is the ratio of total grade points to total
38.64 + 38.70 77.34 credit hours. To calculate the total grade points,
= ≈ $38.67 we must multiply the credits for each course by
2 2 the value of the letter grade received, then add all
The mode is $38.84 those results.
30. Begin by finding the actual mileage Miguel
traveled: ending odometer reading – beginning
Credit Grade Grade Points
odometer reading.
Math 101 3.0 A (3)(4) = 12
46610.8 − 45981.6 = 629.2 miles Eng 101 3.0 C (3)(2) = 6
Spa 101 3.0 A (3)(4) = 12
He will be reimbursed $0.15 for every mile:
Phy 101 4.0 D+ (4)(1.5) = 6
0.15(629.2) = 94.38 On Monday, Tuesday, Col 101 2.0 B (2)(3) = 6
Wednesday, and Thursday, Miguel will be paid
for breakfast, lunch and dinner (10 + 12 + 15 = total grade points
$37). And on Friday, he will receive payment for GPA =
breakfast and lunch (10 + 12 = $22). His total total credits
42
reimbursement = mileage + meals GPA = = 2.8
R = 94.38 + 4 ⋅ 37 + 22 15
R = 94.38 + 148 + 22 The student’s GPA is 2.8.
R = $264.38 1 2 1
mv = ( 84.6 )( 0.2 )
2
38.
32. Find the total of Shannon’s bill and divide by the 2 2
1 84.6 0.22
six equal payments. = ⋅ ⋅
354.95 + 4(74.95) + 32.74 2 1 1
1 84.6 0.04
= 354.95 + 299.80 + 32.74 = ⋅ ⋅
= $687.49 2 1 1
3.384
The total cost is $687.49. The payments are =
687.49 ÷ 6 ≈ $114.58. 2
= 1.692

w 185
40. 2
⋅ 705 = 2 ⋅ 705
h 70
185 705
= ⋅
4900 1
130, 425
=
4900
≈ 26.6

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 Instructor’s Solutions Manual 85

42. mc 2 = ( 3.6 × 104 )( 3 × 108 )

2
1
56. V = lwh
= ( 3.6 × 104 )( 9 × 10 16 )
3
1
V = ⋅ 344 ⋅ 344 ⋅ 203
= 32.4 × 1020 3
= 3.24 × 1021 V= ⋅
1 344 344 203
⋅ ⋅
3 1 1 1
1 1
44. vt + at 2 = 35 (1.2 ) + (10 )(1.2 ) 24, 022, 208
2
V=
2 2 3
= 35 (1.2 ) + 0.5 (10 )(1.44 ) V = 8, 007, 402.6 ft.3
= 42 + 5 (1.44 )
= 42 + 7.2 1
58. V = π r 2 h
= 49.2 3
V = ⋅ π ( 0.62 ) (11)
1
nt
⎛ r⎞ 1 3
46. ⎜1 + ⎟ 48. A = bh 1 0.36 11
⎝ n⎠ 2 V= ⋅ ⋅ π
8( 0.25) 1 3 1 1
⎛ 0.04 ⎞ A = ( 3.8)( 2.5 )
= ⎜1 + ⎟ 2 V=
3.96
π
⎝ 8 ⎠ A = 0.5 ( 3.8 )( 2.5 ) 3
= (1.005 )
2
A = 4.75 mi.2 V ≈ 1.32 ( 3.14 )
= 1.010025 V ≈ 4.14 ft.3

1 4
50. A = h (a + b) 60. V = π r 3
2 3
A = 0.5 ( 344 )( 614.5 + 708 ) 4
V = ⋅ π ⋅ ( 423,858 )
3

A = 0.5 ( 344 )(1322.5 ) 3

V = ⋅ π ⋅ ( 7.615 ×1016 )
4
A = 227, 470 ft.2
3
V ≈ ( 3.14 ) ( 7.615 × 1016 )
4
1
52. r = d A = πr 2 3
2
A = π (1.7 ) V ≈ 31.9 × 1016
2
1
r = ( 3.4 ) A = 2.89π V ≈ 3.19 × 1017 mi.3
2
1 3.4 A ≈ 2.89 ⋅ 3.14
r = ⋅ 62. The composite area is a trapezoid and half of a
2 1 A ≈ 9.07 m 2 circle. We must find the area of the trapezoid and
3.4 add the area of the half circle. Note that the
r =
2 diameter of the circle is 9 in. so the radius is 4.5
r = 1.7 in. Also note the height of the trapezoid is 3.2 in.
A = area of trapezoid + area of half circle
1
54. r = d V = π r 2h 1 1
2 A= h ( a + b ) + π r 2
1 V = π ⋅ (1.25)2 ( 4.2 ) 2 2
r = ⋅ 2.5 = π (1.5625 )( 4.2 ) 1 1
2 V A = ( 3.2 )(15 + 9 ) + ⋅ π (4.5) 2
1 2.5 V = 6.5625π 2 2
r = ⋅ A = 0.5 ( 3.2 )( 24 ) + 0.5 ⋅ π ( 20.25 )
2 1 V ≈ 6.5625 ( 3.14 )
2.5 A = 38.4 + 10.125π
= V ≈ 20.6 in.3
r
2 A ≈ 38.4 + 10.125 ( 3.14 )
r = 1.25 A ≈ 38.4 + 31.7925
A ≈ 70.1925
A ≈ 70.19 in.2

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86 Chapter 6 Decimals

64. Subtract the area of the smaller triangle from the Puzzle Problem: 2.617 ×1012 ( lt-yr.) (View the
3

area of the larger triangle.

galaxy as two identical cones joined at their
A = area of lg. triangle − area of sm. triangle bases.)
1 1
A = bh − bh Exercise Set 6.6
2 2
A = 0.5 ( 6 )( 8 ) − 0.5 ( 4.2 )( 5)
2. 3x − 0.8 = 1.6 Check: 3 ( 0.8 ) − 0.8 = 1.6
A = 24 − 10.5
+0.8 = +0.8 2.4 − 0.8 = 1.6
A=13.5 in.2 3 x = 2.4 1.6 = 1.6
3x 2.4
=
66. Add the volumes of the cone, cylinder, and 3 3
hemisphere. The diameter for each figure is x = 0.8
1.8 m, so the radius is 0.9m.
4. 12.1x + 5.6 = 10.924
1 −5.6 = −5.6
V = cone + cylinder + hemisphere
2 12.1x + 0 = 5.324
1 2 1 42 3 12.1x 5.324
V = πr h +πr h + ⋅2
πr =
3 2 3 12.1 12.1
x = 0.44
= ⋅ π ( 0.92 ) ( 2 ) + π ( 0.9 2 ) ( 2.1) + ⋅ π ( 0.93 )
1 2
V
3 3
1 0.81 2 2 0.729 Check: 12.1( 0.44 ) + 5.6 = 10.924
V = ⋅ ⋅ π + 0.81( 2.1π ) + ⋅ ⋅π
3 1 1 3 1 5.324 + 5.6 = 10.924
V =
1.62
π + 1.701π +
1.458
π 10.924 = 10.924
3 3
V = 0.54π + 1.701π + 0.486π 6. 0.15 = 0.6 − 1.2n
V = 2.727π −0.6 −0.6
V ≈ 2.727 ( 3.14 ) −0.45 = −1.2n
V ≈ 8.563 m3
−0.45 −1.2n
=
−1.2 −1.2
0.375 = n
68. We must find the volume of the ball (sphere) and
subtract 3 cylinders (holes). Check: 0.15 = 0.6 − 1.2 ( 0.375 )
0.15 = 0.6 − 0.45
V = π r 3 − 3 (π r 2 h )
4 0.15 = 0.15
3
0.72 p − 1.21 = 1.37 p − 3.29
V = ⋅ π ⋅ 53 − 3π ( 0.52 ) ( 3)
4 8.
3 −0.72 p = −0.72 p
4 125
V= ⋅ ⋅ π − 3 ( 0.25 )( 3π ) 0 p − 1.21 = 0.65 p − 3.29
3 1
500 +3.29 = +3.29
V= π − 3 ( 0.75π ) 2.08 = 0.65 p + 0
3
V ≈ 166.666 ( 3.14 ) − 2.25 ( 3.14 ) 2.08 0.65 p
=
V ≈ 523.333 − 7.065 0.65 0.65
V ≈ 516.2683 in.3 3.2 = p
Check: 0.72 ( 3.2 ) − 1.21 = 1.37 ( 3.2 ) − 3.29
70. SA = 2 ( lw + lh + wh )
2.304 − 1.21 = 4.384 − 3.29
SA = 2 ⎡⎣( 0.03)( 0.03) + ( 0.03)( 0.03) + ( 0.03)( 0.03) ⎦⎤
1.094 = 1.094
SA = 2 ( 0.0009 + 0.0009 + 0.0009 )
SA = 2 ( 0.0027 )
SA = 0.0054 in.2

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 Instructor’s Solutions Manual 87

10. 5.1m + 7.5 = 4.05 − 4.9m 16. 0.06 ( m − 11) = 22 − 0.05m

+4.9m = +4.9m 0.06m − 0.66 = 22 − 0.05m
10m + 7.5 = 4.05 + 0 100 ( 0.06m − 0.66 ) = 100 ( 22 − 0.05m )
−7.5 = −7.5
100 ⋅ ( 0.06m ) − 100 ⋅ ( 0.66 ) = 100 ⋅ ( 22 ) − 100 ⋅ ( 0.05m )
10m + 0 = −3.45
6m − 66 = 2200 − 5m
10m −3.45
= +5m = +5m
10 10
m = −0.345 11m − 66 = 2200 + 0
+66 = +66
Check: 5.1( −0.345 ) + 7.5 = 4.05 − 4.9 ( −0.345 ) 11m + 0 = 2266
−1.7595 + 7.5 = 4.05 − ( −1.6905 ) 11m 2266
=
5.7405 = 4.05 + 1.6905 11 11
5.7405 = 5.7405 m = 206

12. 12.14 − 2.42 g = 4.76 − 0.78 g Check: 0.06 ( 206 − 11) = 22 − 0.05 ( 206 )
+2.42 g = +2.42 g 0.06 (195 ) = 22 − 10.3
12.14 + 0 = 4.76 + 1.64 g 11.7 = 11.7
−4.76 = −4.76
18. 4(2.55 − x) − 5.8 x = 12.2 − (8 + 11.4 x)
7.38 = 0 + 1.64 g 4 ⋅ ( 2.55 ) − 4 x − 5.8 x = 12.2 − 8 − 11.4 x
7.38 1.64 g 10.2 − 4 x − 5.8 x = 4.2 − 11.4 x
=
1.64 1.64 10.2 − 9.8 x = 4.2 − 11.4 x
4.5 = g 10 (10.2 − 9.8 x ) = 10 ( 4.2 − 11.4 x )
10 ⋅ (10.2 ) − 10 ⋅ ( 9.8 x ) = 10 ⋅ ( 4.2 ) − 10 ⋅ (11.4 x )
Check: 12.14 − 2.42(4.5) = 4.76 − 0.78(4.5)
102 − 98 x = 42 − 114 x
12.14 − 10.89 = 4.76 − 3.51
+114 x = +114 x
1.25 = 1.25 102 + 16 x = 42 + 0
14. 8k − 2.98 = 2.6 ( k − 0.8) −102 = −102
16 x = −60
8k − 2.98 = 2.6k − 2.08
16 x −60
−2.6k = −2.6k =
5.4k − 2.98 = 0 − 2.08 16 16
x = −3.75
+2.98 = +2.98
5.4k + 0 = 0.9 Check:
5.4k 0.9 4(2.55 − (−3.75)) − 5.8(−3.75) = 12.2 − (8 + 11.4(−3.75))
=
5.4 5.4 4(2.55 + 3.75) − 5.8(−3.75) = 12.2 − (8 + (−42.75))
k = 0.16 4(6.3) + 21.75 = 12.2 − (−34.75)
25.2 + 21.75 = 12.2 + 34.75
Check: Because 0.16 is a non-terminating 46.95 = 46.95
decimal number, we will have to round if we
intend to check with it. If we round, we must be
aware that both sides will not match exactly. We 20. 2m − 9.9 = m ⋅ ( −6.25 )
should expect that they would be close though. 2m − 9.9 = −6.25m
We will round 0.16 to the nearest thousandth,
−2 m = −2m
0.167.
0 − 9.9 = −8.25m
8 ( 0.167 ) − 2.98 = 2.6 ( 0.167 − 0.8 ) −9.9 −8.25m
=
1.336 − 2.98 = 2.6 ( −0.633) −8.25 −8.25
−1.644 ≈ 1.6458 1.2 = m

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

88 Chapter 6 Decimals

22. ( 3.2 ) ⋅ n = n + 1.43 32. We must use the Pythagorean Theorem.

3.2n = n + 1.43 a 2 + b2 = c2
−n = −n 902 + 902 = c 2
2.2n = 0 + 1.43 8100 + 8100 = c 2
2.2n 1.43 16, 200 = c 2
=
2.2 2.2 16, 200 = c
n = 0.65 127.3 ≈ c
The distance between home plate and second base
24. 0.6 ( k + 1.5 ) = 0.42 + 1.2k
is about 127.3 ft.
0.6k + 0.9 = 0.42 + 1.2k
−0.6k = −0.6k 34. We must use the Pythagorean Theorem. One leg
0 + 0.9 = 0.42 + 0.6k of the triangle is 9 ft. and the hypotenuse is 12 ft.
−0.42 = −0.42 We must find the other leg.
0.48 = 0.6k a 2 + b2 = c2
0.48 0.6k
= 92 + b 2 = 122
0.6 0.6
81 + b 2 = 144
0.8 = k
b2 = 63
26. A = π r2 b 2 = 63
20 ≈ 3.14r 2 b ≈ 7.9
20 3.14r 2
≈ The rope is tied about 7.9 ft. up the tree.
3.14 3.14
6.37 ≈ r 2 36. We must use the Pythagorean Theorem. One leg
6.37 ≈ r of the triangle is 20 ft. and the hypotenuse is 50 ft.
We must find the other leg.
2.5 ≈ r

Since the radius is 2.5 mi., the diameter is 5 mi. a 2 + b2 = c2

202 + b 2 = 502
28. We must use the Pythagorean Theorem.
400 + b 2 = 2500
a2 + b2 = c2
b2 = 2100
92 + 122 = c 2
b 2 = 2100
81 + 144 = c 2
b ≈ 45.8
225 = c 2
225 = c The point is 45.8 ft. away.
15 =c 38. We must use the Pythagorean Theorem. One leg
The helicopter is 15 miles from its original of the triangle is 17.5 m and the hypotenuse is
position. 27 m. We must find the other leg.
30. We must use the Pythagorean Theorem. a 2 + b2 = c2
a2 + b2 = c2 17.52 + b 2 = 27 2
82 + 152 = c 2 306.25 + b 2 = 729
64 + 225 = c 2 b2 = 422.75
289 = c 2
b 2 = 422.75
289 = c b ≈ 20.6
17 = c
The beam must be 17 ft. The point is 20.6 m away.

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 Instructor’s Solutions Manual 89

40.

Categories Selling Number Income

price of boxes
sold
Small box 3.79 n + 32 3.79(n + 32)
Large box 4.59 n 4.59n

42.

Categories Selling Number Income

price of pizzas
sold
Large 16.50 n 16.50n
Small 13.50 42 – n 13.50(42 – n)

44.

Categories Value Number Amount

nickels 0.05 22 – x 0.05(22 – x)
quarters 0.25 x 0.25x
0.05 ( 22 − x ) + 0.25 x = 4.10
1.1 − 0.05 x + 0.25 x = 4.10
1.1 + 0.2 x = 4.1
−1.1 = −1.1
0.2 x + 0 = 3
0.2 x 3
=
0.2 0.2
x = 15

Jose has 15 quarters and 22 – 15 = 7 nickels.

52.

Categories Value Number Amount

A system 225 14 – x 225(14 – x)
B system 275 x 275x
225 (14 − x ) + 275 x = 3400
3150 − 225 x + 275 x = 3400
3150 + 50 x = 3400
−3150 = −3150
0 + 50 x = 250
50 x 250
=
50 50
x=5

Arturo sold 9 A systems and 5 B systems.

Puzzle Problem: 1.3 ft. by 1.3 ft. by 1.3 ft.

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.