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Chapter 07 - Human Populations

Chapter 07
Human Populations

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Historically, up until the middle ages, populations were mostly limited by:
A. Low fertility rates
B. Culturally imposed family planning practices
C. Disease, famine and war
D. Religious restrictions on marriage
E. Infanticide

Bloom's: 1. Remember
Section: 07.01
Topic: Populations

2. ____________ are the most widely distributed vertebrate organisms on Earth.

A. Fishes
B. Insects
C. Rodents
D. Birds
E. Humans

Section: 07.01
Topic: Populations

7-1
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Chapter 07 - Human Populations

3. Historical evidence shows that plagues and diseases:

A. Are highly effective at slowing population growth
B. Affect population growth for at least a century
C. Affect relatively few people in a population
D. Are devastating to human population growth
E. Cause only minor or temporary setbacks in population growth trends

Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 07.01
Topic: Populations

4. Human population growth most closely resembles:

A. Carrying capacity geometric increase
B. Irruptive growth
C. Malthusian growth
D. S-shaped growth curve
E. J-shaped growth curve

Bloom's: 1. Remember
Section: 07.01
Topic: Populations

5. The world human population reached about 1 billion in _________ and passed
____________ in 2011.
A. 1400; 78 billion
B. 1500; 1 trillion
C. 1600; 78 million
D. 1700; 7 million
E. 1800; 7 billion

Bloom's: 1. Remember
Section: 07.01
Topic: Populations

7-2
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Chapter 07 - Human Populations

6. The population theory held by Thomas Malthus was that the human population would:
A. Never reach its environment's carrying capacity
B. Develop a modern utopia
C. Reach its environment's carrying capacity and then maintain equilibrium
D. Maintain equilibrium with its carrying capacity
E. Outstrip its resources, then suffer starvation and misery

Bloom's: 1. Remember
Section: 07.02
Topic: Populations

7. Neo-Malthusians argue that

A. Malthus's eighteenth century theories apply to similar circumstances today
B. We should never return to the conditions observed by Malthus in his day
C. Malthus could be useful today if reinterpreted
D. Malthus was wrong from the start
E. None of these represents the viewpoint of Neo-Malthusians

Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 07.02
Topic: Populations

8. Disastrous famines in the past 200 years

A. Prove conclusively that Malthus was right
B. Have mostly resulted from politics and economics rather than from overpopulation
C. Prove conclusively that Malthus was mistaken
D. Have resulted from population overshoots based on overuse of resources
E. Prove conclusively that Marx was mistaken

Bloom's: 1. Remember
Section: 07.02
Topic: Populations

7-3
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Chapter 07 - Human Populations

9. Malthus argued that ______________ is the ultimate cause of social and environmental
problems, and Marx argued that population growth ____________ social and environmental
problems.
A. Excess population growth; results from
B. Poverty; results from
C. War; results from
D. Excess population growth; is also the ultimate cause of
E. Poverty; is the ultimate cause of

Bloom's: 1. Remember
Section: 07.02
Topic: Populations

10. Technological optimists argue that technological advances have:

A. Led to the increase in human population, but whether we can continue is of great concern
B. Proved Marx wrong in his predictions of famine and disaster
C. Proved Malthus wrong in his predictions of famine and disaster
D. Been developed because there are more people, supporting the view that more people are
the "ultimate resource."
E. Been a neutral factor in the issue of population growth

Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 07.02
Topic: Populations

11. Malthus and Marx

A. Worked together to form their theories
B. Agreed about the root causes of overpopulation, poverty, and social upheaval
C. Disagreed about the root causes of overpopulation, poverty, and social upheaval
D. Held the same beliefs but worked on different issues
E. Disagreed about the severity of overpopulation, poverty, and social upheaval

Bloom's: 2. Understand
Topic: Populations

7-4
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Chapter 07 - Human Populations

12. Human ingenuity and intelligence as the "ultimate resource" is the central theme in the
argument of
A. Julian Simon
B. John Muir
C. Thomas Malthus
D. Neo-Malthusians
E. Marxism

Bloom's: 1. Remember
Section: 07.02
Topic: Populations

13. Demography is the science that describes

A. The earth's carrying capacity
B. Population changes and characteristics
C. Energy resources
D. Food production
E. Environmental factors that affect population sizes

Bloom's: 1. Remember
Section: 07.03
Topic: Populations

14. Ninety percent of the world's population growth in the next century is expected to occur
in
A. Less-developed countries
B. China
C. Developed countries
D. Moderately developed nations
E. India

Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 07.03
Topic: Populations

7-5
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Chapter 07 - Human Populations

15. The I = PAT formula says that our environmental impacts (I) are the product of
A. The population size times affluence and the amount of time it took for the population to
reach its current size
B. The population size times affluence and the technology used to produce goods and
services consumed
C. The population size times and the amount of technology used
D. The percentage of affluence times and the percentage of technology produced
E. None of the above is correct

Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 07.02
Topic: Populations

16. Why is Russia's population declining?

A. There is a one-child policy similar to the one in China and Thailand
B. There has been a massive education campaign to reduce births
C. The standard of living has decreased leading to lower infant mortality and lower birth rates
D. Russia's population is not declining
E. The standard of living has decreased leading to higher death rates and lower birth rates

Bloom's: 1. Remember
Section: 07.03
Topic: Populations

17. Most of the world's human settlements are clustered

A. In wide arable plains
B. In mountainous regions
C. Along coastlines and rivers
D. Between 30 and 50 degrees north latitude
E. In open valleys

Bloom's: 1. Remember
Section: 07.03
Topic: Populations

7-6
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Chapter 07 - Human Populations

18. Crude birth rates are measured in terms of the number of children born
A. In a single year
B. Per family
C. Per family per year
D. Per 1,000 people each year
E. Per 1,000 people in the general population

Bloom's: 1. Remember
Section: 07.03
Topic: Populations

19. The zero population growth rate is slightly over two children per couple because
A. We always need slightly more young people
B. The older generation is dying
C. Some children die and some couples do not have children
D. That is as low as birth rates can reasonably be expected to get
E. The zero population growth rate is not slightly over two children per couple

Bloom's: 1. Remember
Section: 07.03
Topic: Populations

7-7
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Chapter 07 - Human Populations

20. According to the graph, which region had the highest total fertility rate in 1998?
A. Africa
B. The Americas
C. Eastern Mediterranean
D. Europe
E. South-East Asia

Bloom's: 3. Apply
Section: 07.03
Topic: Populations

21. According to the graph, which region has had the highest total fertility rate in 1950?
A. Africa
B. The Americas
C. Eastern Mediterranean
D. Europe
E. South-East Asia

Bloom's: 3. Apply
Section: 07.03
Topic: Populations

22. According to the graph, which region has the greatest fertility reduction?
A. Africa
B. The Americas
C. Eastern Mediterranean
D. Europe
E. South-East Asia

Bloom's: 3. Apply
Section: 07.03
Topic: Populations

7-8
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Chapter 07 - Human Populations

23. The total fertility rate is the number of children born

A. To the average woman per year
B. To the average woman during her lifetime
C. In the world during a single year
D. In a population during a single year
E. In a population during an entire generation

Bloom's: 1. Remember
Section: 07.03
Topic: Populations

24. There is some evidence that population growth today is ____________ rather than
______________.
A. Slowing slightly; continuing to accelerate
B. Continuing to accelerate; slowing slightly
C. Increasing; leveling off
D. Leveling off; decreasing
E. Leveling off; slowing slightly

Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 07.03
Topic: Populations

25. Demographers usually measure mortality in terms of

A. Deaths per 1,000 persons per year
B. Deaths per person per year
C. The number of children who die per year
D. The total number of deaths per generation
E. Total deaths in a population per year

Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 07.03
Topic: Populations

7-9
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Chapter 07 - Human Populations

26. Which of the following factors does not usually affect the crude death rates of a
population?
A. Health care
B. Sanitation
C. Age structure of the population
D. Nutrition
E. All of these affect crude death rates

Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 07.03
Topic: Populations

27. The main cause of world population growth in the past 300 years has been
A. Increasing fecundity
B. Rising fertility
C. Higher birthrates in developing countries
D. Increasing immigration
E.

Falling mortality due to longer life expectancy.

Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 07.03
Topic: Populations

28. The difference between "total growth rate" and "natural increase" is that total growth
rates
A. Include only the number of births and deaths
B. Include immigration and emigration as well as births and deaths
C. Include only immigration and emigration
D. Include infant mortality as well as adult deaths
E. Are not expressed as percentages

Bloom's: 1. Remember
Section: 07.04
Topic: Populations

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Chapter 07 - Human Populations

29. A population growing at one percent per year should double in about ___ years.
A. 30
B. 70
C. 10
D. 2
E. 0.2

Bloom's: 3. Apply
Section: 07.03
Topic: Populations

30. The doubling time for a population with an annual percentage growth rate of 7.0% is

A. 1 year
B. 5 years
C. 10 years
D. 50 years
E. 100 years

Bloom's: 3. Apply
Section: 07.03
Topic: Populations

31. The average age that a newborn can expect to attain in a given society is referred to as
A. Life expectancy
B. Infant mortality
C. Life span
D. Survivorship
E. Life age

Bloom's: 1. Remember
Section: 07.03
Topic: Populations

7-11
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Chapter 07 - Human Populations

32. Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to decreased life expectancy?
A. Disease
B. Improved sanitation
C. Poverty
D. Famine
E. Warfare

Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 07.03
Topic: Populations

33. The best title for the vertical axis on the graph is

A. Life expectancy
B. Average dietary protein intake per day
C. Female literacy
D. Infant mortality
E. Rate of infectious diseases

Bloom's: 3. Apply
Section: 07.04
Topic: Populations

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Chapter 07 - Human Populations

34. The histogram on the left represents a population whose birth rates
A. Have not changed for many years
B. Have recently decreased
C. Are gradually increasing
D. Are sharply increasing
E. None of these. Birth rates cannot be determined by the age class histogram

Bloom's: 3. Apply
Section: 07.03
Topic: Populations

35. The population represented by the age class histogram on the right will
A. Have a large population of old people soon
B. Not grow much in the coming years
C. Soon begin to decline
D. Grow substantially in the future
E. Grow slowly in the future

Bloom's: 3. Apply
Section: 07.03

36. The age-class histogram on the right could represent the population of
A. The United States
B. Western Europe
C. Uganda
D. Japan
E. Sweden

Bloom's: 3. Apply
Section: 07.03
Topic: Populations

7-13
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Human Populations

37. The age-class histogram on the left could represent the population of
A. China
B. Mexico
C. Uganda
D. India
E. Sweden

Bloom's: 3. Apply
Section: 07.03
Topic: Populations

38. A pyramid-shaped age structure histogram is characteristic of a(n) _________ population.

A. Stable
B. Expanding
C. Declining
D. Unpredictable
E. Diminishing

Bloom's: 3. Apply
Section: 07.03
Topic: Populations

39. A dependency ratio is a comparison between the numbers of

A. Working and nonworking people
B. Parents and children
C. Old people and young people
D. Young infants and older adults
E. Middle aged people and infants

Bloom's: 1. Remember
Section: 07.03
Topic: Populations

7-14
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Chapter 07 - Human Populations

40. You were in a discussion with a classmate who complained that immigrants were taking
away jobs and abusing social services. In response, another classmate who is a proponent of
the open door policy explained that immigrants can actually be a bonus to a country. Someone
supporting an open door policy would NOT use which of the following statements?
A. Immigrants are usually of a different racial or ethnic background and add cultural diversity
B. Immigrants usually perform dangerous work that citizens are unwilling to do
C. Immigrants usually perform work at a pay scale that citizens are unwilling to accept
D. Immigrants are usually welcomed by other immigrants or descendants of immigrants
E. All of these would probably be used by someone supporting an open door policy

Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 07.03
Topic: Populations

41. Pronatalist pressures are influences that lead people to

A. Increase fecundity
B. Have more children
C. Have fewer children
D. Prevent infant mortality
E. Wait until later in life to have children

Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 07.03
Topic: Populations

42. Which of the following is considered a TRUE pronatalist pressure?

A. Legitimate needs for support in old age
B. The need for hands to help in farm work and to watch younger siblings
C. Macho pride in men who have many children
D. Woman's status determined by the number of children she has
E. All of these are correct

Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 07.03
Topic: Populations

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Chapter 07 - Human Populations

43. Women who ________ are LEAST likely to have many children.
A. Cannot afford children
B. Live where many children die young
C. Are subordinate to their husbands
D. Are able to earn an income for themselves
E. All of these are correct

Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 07.03
Topic: Populations

44. Birth rate would tend to decrease with a

A. Decrease in education
B. Decrease in affluence
C. Decrease in infant mortality rate
D. Decrease in average marrying age
E. Decrease in sanitation

Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 07.03
Topic: Populations

45. "Birth dearths" can be a problem because they cause

A. Labor shortages
B. Military weakness
C. A decrease in workers
D. A decrease in taxpayers
E. All of these are correct

Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 07.03
Topic: Populations

7-16
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Human Populations

46. The demographic transition refers to a country's change from

A. High birth and death rates to low birth and death rates
B. High to low birth rates and low to high death rates
C. Low to high birth rates and high to low death rates
D. A majority of young people to a majority of elderly people
E. A majority of elderly people to a majority of young people

Bloom's: 1. Remember
Section: 07.04
Topic: Populations

47. A demographic transition is expected to accompany

A. Colonization, as in Africa and Asia
B. Economic development and stabilization
C. The development of capitalism
D. The introduction of modern medicine
E. All of these

Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 07.04
Topic: Populations

Use the following demographic data on three hypothetical countries.

7-17
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Chapter 07 - Human Populations

48. Which of the following demographic categories best identifies Country "A"?
A. Developed
B. Moderately developed
C. Less developed
D. Developing
E. Third World

Bloom's: 3. Apply
Section: 07.04
Topic: Populations

49. The most industrialized country listed is

A. Country "A"
B. Country "B"
C. Country "C"
D. None of the countries listed are likely to be industrialized
E. It is impossible to use the data in the table to identify an industrialized country

Bloom's: 3. Apply
Section: 07.04
Topic: Populations

50. Country "C" probably has __________ rate of female literacy when compared to the other
two countries.
A. The highest
B. An intermediate
C. The lowest
D. An equal
E. It is impossible to use the data in the table to identify the rate of female literacy

Bloom's: 3. Apply
Section: 07.04
Topic: Populations

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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Human Populations

51. Which of the following is not required for a demographic transition to occur?
A. Increased confidence that children will survive to maturity
B. Improved standard of living
C. Improved social status of women
D. Increased military strength
E. Increased availability and use of birth control

Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 07.04
Topic: Populations

52. The message from author Garret Hardin's "lifeboat ethics" is that
A. Helping poor people will, in time, reduce their rate of reproduction
B. The poorer countries of the world are caught in a demographic trap
C. Economic growth will reduce the birth rate of poor nations
D. The world has enough resources for everybody
E. Helping poor people will simply increase their rate of reproduction

Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 07.04
Topic: Populations

53. Proponents of social justice believe that environmental and social problems will decrease
if
A. We can educate poor people about family planning
B. Resources are distributed fairly
C. Better ethics are taught to poor, uneducated populations
D. We just reduce the number of people on Earth
E. We concentrate on population control

Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 07.04
Topic: Populations

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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Human Populations

54. Less developed countries can best argue that developed countries are primarily
responsible for overpopulation problems because
A. Developed countries grow most of the global food resources
B. Less developed countries have no population-based environmental problems
C. Less developed countries have recently drastically reduced their fertility rates
D. Developed countries do not understand a global society
E. Less developed countries were many times impoverished by colonialism

Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 07.04
Topic: Populations

55. The graph indicates that more children die

A. In the last stage of demographic transition
B. In the first stage of demographic transition
C. When their mothers are illiterate
D. When their mothers are literate
E. When their mothers are poor

Bloom's: 3. Apply
Section: 07.04
Topic: Populations

7-20
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Human Populations

56. The graph indicates that there is

A. A strong relationship between infant mortality and education of women
B. Little relationship between infant mortality and education for women
C. A relationship between infant mortality and education in general
D. More importance for female rather than male education
E. A relationship between birth rate and education for women

Bloom's: 3. Apply
Section: 07.04
Topic: Populations

57. One of the _________ effective ways to stabilize populations is to _________.

A. Most; provide free contraceptives
B. Least; provide free contraceptives
C. Least; decrease child mortality
D. Most; decrease child mortality
E. Most; expect mandatory sterilization

Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 07.04
Topic: Populations

58. Family planning means enabling people to

A. Have fewer children so that the population growth rate can reach ZPG
B. Have no children
C. Have many children
D. Decide in advance how many children they should have
E. Have more children if they live in a country with a birth dearth

Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 07.04
Topic: Populations

7-21
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Human Populations

59. Breast-feeding children for long periods

A. Is a luxury that mainly wealthy women enjoy
B. Increases fertility when caloric intake is low
C. Can be a successful population control strategy
D. Is a luxury that mainly wealthy women enjoy and it also limits fertility when caloric intake
is low
E. Limits fertility when caloric intake is low and can be a successful population control
strategy

Bloom's: 1. Remember
Section: 07.04
Topic: Populations

60. Which of the following is a mechanical barrier to conception?

A. Abortion
B. Condoms
C. Birth control pills
D. Vasectomies
E. IUD

Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 07.06
Topic: Populations

True / False Questions

61. The world population began growing rapidly during the Middle Ages.
FALSE

Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 07.02
Topic: Populations

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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Human Populations

62. The world's highest current population growth rate is in the United Arab Emirates.
TRUE

Bloom's: 1. Remember
Section: 07.02
Topic: Populations

63. As compared to China, India's population control programs have not been as successful as
China's.
TRUE

Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 07.03
Topic: Populations

64. The most pessimistic projection of population growth projects the human population to
reach 25 billion by 2150.
TRUE

Bloom's: 1. Remember
Section: 07.04
Topic: Populations

7-23
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Human Populations

Essay Questions

65. Use birth rates, death rates, emigration rates, and fertility rates to explain a current
example of the population dynamics in a nation's human population. Choose the nation you
want to describe.

General trends, not numbers, should be included. There are three basic trends:
1) Rapidly growing countries - characterized by high birth and death rates, high fertility rates,
and typically, high emigration rates
2) Stable populations - characterized by low birth and death rates, low fertility rates, and low
emigration rates
3) Negative growth countries - characterized by death rates higher than birth rates, (however,
both are low), extremely low fertility rates, (typically less than the 2.1 replacement rate) and
low emigration rates

Bloom's: 3. Apply
Section: 07.02
Topic: Populations

7-24
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Human Populations

66. Draw a graph that shows the relationship of education for females and infant mortality
rates. Appropriately label the x and y axes.

x-axis should be labeled with increasing years of education, y-axis should be labeled with
increasing rates of infant mortality. Graph should show a decline in infant mortality rates as
years of education increase. Please include X and Y axis label, appropriate scales on the axes,
and a legend.

Bloom's: 3. Apply
Section: 07.04
Topic: Populations

7-25
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McGraw-Hill Education.