Environment Science Issues Solutions 1st Edition Molles Test Bank

Environment Science Issues Solutions
1st Edition Molles Test Bank

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Molles Test Bank Chapter 6
1. The movement of water between the oceans, atmosphere, and freshwater environments is
known as the _____ cycle.
A. hydrologic
B. carbon
C. environmental
D. nitrogen
ANS: A
Chapter: 6
Question type: Multiple choice
Section: 6.1
Bloom’s level: Remembering
Level of difficulty: Easy
2. The largest reservoir of water on Earth is the:

A. Hoover Dam.
B. Great Lakes.
C. oceans.
D. atmosphere.
ANS: C
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.1
Bloom’s level: Understanding
3. The largest reservoir of freshwater on Earth is:

A. the Great Lakes.
B. the Hoover Dam.
C. polar ice caps and glaciers.
D. groundwater.
ANS: C
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.1
4. The water found in the pore spaces of rock and sediments is:
A. glacial water.
B. groundwater.
C. condensate water.
D. runoff.
ANS: B
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.1
5. The uppermost level of groundwater that forms the boundary between the groundwater and
overlying rock or soil is the:
A. water table.
B. saturated zone.
C. catchment.
D. aquifer.
ANS: A
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.1
6. Which of the following would NOT affect the rate of groundwater recharge?
A. amount of precipitation
B. rate of evaporation
C. permeability of soil and rock
D. size of the aquifer
ANS: D
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.1
Bloom’s level: Analyzing
7. Precipitation that does NOT evaporate or infiltrate the soil is:

A. groundwater.
B. runoff.
C. discharge.
D. flux.
ANS: B
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.1
8. When the rate of precipitation exceeds the rate of infiltration and evaporation, the result is:
A. depletion of the aquifer.
B. runoff from the surface.
C. discharge.
D. aquifer recharge.
ANS: B
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.1
9. The area of land that collects water falling as precipitation which then flows into an aquifer or
a river system is a:
A. watershed.
B. water table.
C. aquifer recharge zone.
D. saturated zone.
ANS: A
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.1
10. The time required for groundwater to move from recharge to discharge areas depends on:
A. the rate of precipitation and evaporation.
B. the distance between the two areas.
C. the rate of flow between the two areas.
D. both the distance and rate of flow between the two areas.
ANS: D
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.1
Level of difficulty: Moderate
11. The global water cycle is powered by:

A. the downward movement of water by gravity.
B. the evaporation of water by the Sun’s heat.
C. the movement of water from areas of recharge to areas of discharge.
D. the melting of water in the polar ice caps and glaciers by the Sun’s heat.
ANS: B
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.1
12. 70,000 km3 of the 110,000 km3 annual precipitation on land is water that evaporates from
soils or is transpired by plants. What is the source of the additional 40,000 km3 in this flux?
A. the polar ice caps and glaciers
B. aquifer discharge
C. the oceans
D. the Great Lakes
ANS: C
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.1
Bloom’s level: Evaluating
Level of difficulty: Difficult
13. The 40,000 km3 of water that evaporates from the oceans and falls on land as either rain or
snow is balanced by water that is found in:
A. discharge from aquifers.
B. surface runoff.
C. meltwater from snow and ice.
D. discharge from aquifers and surface runoff.
ANS: D
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.1
14. The upwelling of cold, deep, bottom water to the surface along the west coast of South
America is caused by:
A. El Niño.
B. La Niña.
C. trade winds from the east that blow across the Pacific Ocean toward Australia.
D. winds that blow eastward across the Pacific Ocean toward South America.
ANS: C
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.2
15.: During an El Niño event:

A. trade winds weaken, and warm water moves eastward across the Pacific Ocean.
B. trade winds strengthen, and warm water moves eastward across the Pacific Ocean,
C. trade winds weaken, and warm water moves westward across the Pacific Ocean.
D. a upwelling of cold bottom water occurs along the west coast of South America.
ANS: A
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.2
16. Which of the following is most likely to occur during an El Niño year?
A. drought in Australia and Asia
B. torrential rains in Australia and Asia
C. drought in southwestern United States and Mexico
D. low rainfall across the eastern Pacific Ocean
ANS: A
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.2
17. During El Niño years climatic conditions in the eastern Pacific Ocean are characterized by:
A. warmer than average sea temperatures and lower barometric pressure.
B. cooler than average sea temperatures and higher barometric pressure.
C. cooler than average sea temperatures and lower barometric pressure.
D. warmer than average sea temperatures and higher barometric pressure.
ANS: A
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.2
18. According to World Health Organization estimates, the minimum water needed per person
per day to ensure adequate sanitation and health is about:
A. 3 liters to 5 liters.
B. 50 liters to 100 liters.
C. 100 liters to 200 liters.
D. 500 liters to 600 liters.
ANS: B
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.3
19. Which of the following accounts for the largest percentage of per capita daily water use?
A. drinking
B. food preparation
C. bathing
D. sanitation
ANS: D
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.3
20. The largest use of accessible freshwater runoff by humans is for:

A. recreation.
B. dilution and removal of wastes.
C. agriculture.
D. industry.
ANS: C
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.4
21. Which of the following is NOT an instream use of water?

A. irrigation
B. recreation
C. dilution and removal of wastes
D. sustaining fish populations
ANS: A
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.4
22. Human societies today appropriate about _____ % of the Earth’s accessible freshwater
runoff.
A. 5
B. 10
C. 50
D. 90
ANS: C
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.4
23. A floodplain is:

A. a flat area of land.
B. an area of land that is inundated when a river or stream overflows its bank.
C. an area of land that is flooded every 100 years.
D. an area behind a dam.
ANS: B
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.4
24. Much of the water supply in arid and semi-arid regions comes from:
A. captured runoff collected and stored in reservoirs behind dams.
B. runoff from occasional torrential rains.
C. naturally occurring lakes and ponds.
D. groundwater discharge.
ANS: A
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.4
25. Which of the following statements concerning appropriations of Colorado River water is
supported by the graph?
A. The amount of water appropriated exceeds annual average runoff.

B. The amount of water appropriated to each state is about equal.
C. Although appropriations exceed runoff, Arizona, California, and Mexico are able
to receive the water they are appropriated.
D. Wyoming and Native American populations would be most affected by a
shortage of water.
ANS: A
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.4
26. Groundwater is sometimes considered a nonrenewable resource because:

A. it is a much smaller reservoir than surface waters.
B. the rate of withdrawal today is much greater than the rate of recharge.
C. once it is polluted it cannot be reclaimed.
D. desalinization requires much energy.
ANS: B
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.5
27. The settling of a land surface as a result of groundwater withdrawals is:

A. subsidence.
B. groundwater depletion.
C. groundwater mining.
D. drought.
ANS: A
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.5
28. Which of the following would NOT directly affect fluctuations in the water table of the
Ogallala aquifer?
A. changes in rainfall
B. rates of water withdrawal
C. porosity of the soil and infiltration rates
D. the XL pipeline
ANS: D
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.5
Bloom’s level: Applying
29. The increasing rate of withdrawals from the Ogallala aquifer since the 1940s has resulted in:
A. contamination of groundwater with salts.
B. the construction of dams to obtain more water from surface runoff.
C. groundwater depletion and a drop in the water table in parts of the region.
D. importation of water from other regions.
ANS: C
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.5
30. Dams can interfere with the reproduction of fishes such as the pikeminnow by all of the
following EXCEPT:
A. preventing upstream and downstream spawning migrations.
B. lowering the temperatures of downstream waters.
C. preventing annual flooding cycles.
D. providing refuges for non-native predatory fishes.
ANS: D
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.6
31. Flooding is beneficial to wetlands because it:

A. disperses organic matter and nutrients across the wetland.
B. fills in oxbow lakes.
C. channelizes streams.
D. reduces the riparian zone.
ANS: A
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.6
32. A transitional habitat between a river or stream and the adjacent terrestrial environment is
a(n):
A. oxbow lake.
B. riparian zone.
C. stream channel.
D. watershed.
ANS: B
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.6
33. An engineering practice to increase the navigability of streams and rivers is:
A. groundwater recharge.
B. subsidence.
C. stream channelization.
D. an oxbow lake.
ANS: C
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.6
34. Which of the following actions resulted in the greatest water savings in New York’s water
conservation efforts?
A. distributing low-volume showerheads
B. residential leak inspection
C. rebates on low-volume toilets
D. installing water meters
ANS: D
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.7
35. Which of the following statements is supported by the data in the graph?
A. Water conservation is a low priority in Singapore.

B. U.S. cities had the highest reduction in water use but also the highest
consumption.
C. The cities in the driest climates had the lowest overall water use.
D. Water conservation is tied to level of economic development.
ANS: B
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.7
36. After conservation, which of the communities in the graph fell below the World Health
Organization’s proposed minimum per capita water consumption?
A. Singapore
B. Singapore and Windhoek
C. Singapore, Windhoek, and New York
D. None of the communities were below.
ANS: D
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.7
37. Santa Rosa opted to recycle its wastewater because of environmental regulations that:
A. prevented it from discharging large volumes of polluted water into the local river
during the dry season.
B. prevented the discharge of any wastewater in to local rivers.
C. prohibited withdrawal of groundwater.
D. limited its appropriation of surface waters.
ANS: A
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.8
38. Windhoek, capital of Namibia in southwest Africa has been able to increase its supply of
drinking water through:
A. the discovery of a natural spring.
B. damming up intermittent rivers.
C. diverting and storing runoff from torrential rains.
D. treating and purifying wastewater.
ANS: D
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.8
39. The stage of wastewater treatment that includes removal of dissolved organic chemicals,
nutrients, salts and pathogens is:
A. primary.
B. secondary.
C. tertiary.
D. reclamation.
ANS: C
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.8
40. After secondary treatment, reclaimed wastewater can be used for all of the following uses
EXCEPT:
A. irrigation of orchards and vineyards.
B. wetland restoration.
C. industrial uses.
D. recharge of potable aquifers.
ANS: D
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.8
41. The removal of pathogens in tertiary treatment is required for the safe use of reclaimed water
for all of the following uses EXCEPT:
A. irrigation of food crops.
B. recreational impoundments.
C. supplement reservoir used for domestic water supplies.
D. recharge of nonpotable aquifers.
ANS: D
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.8
42. The removal of salts from seawater or brackish water to form freshwater is:
A. water recycling.
B. desalination.
C. groundwater recharge.
D. cogeneration.
ANS: B
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.9
43. A process that uses a selectively permeable membrane and pressure to separate salts and
water is:
A. reverse osmosis.
B. desalination.
C. distillation.
D. tertiary treatment.
ANS: A
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.9
44. The main limitation to greater use of distillation to produce potable freshwater is the:
A. lack of suitable supplies of brackish water.
B. high cost of energy to evaporate water.
C. disposal of concentrated brine.
D. inability to reduce the salt content sufficiently for human use.
ANS: B
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.9
45. A process that can reduce the energy cost of distillation is:
A. water reclamation.
B. reverse osmosis.
C. cogeneration.
D. desalinization.
ANS: C
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.9
46. A potential environmental problem of all desalination technologies is the production of:
A. potable water.
B. concentrated brine.
C. brackish water.
D. condensed water.
ANS: B
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.9
47. Tampa Bay was able to reduce its energy cost of desalination by using _____ water instead
of seawater.
A. brackish
B. potable
C. reclaimed
D. brine
ANS: A
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.9
48. Many states regulate withdrawals of surface waters to:

A. maintain a minimum instream flow of water.
B. prevent the build-up of sand bars.
C. prevent flooding.
D. prevent torrential flows from snow melt.
ANS: A
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.10
49. Controlled flooding was added as a management tool on the Colorado River to:
A. maintain a minimum instream flow of water.
B. reduce the size of the spring flows.
C. create sandbars and backwater nursery areas for fish.
D. trap sediments that produce sandbars.
ANS: C
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.10
50. Channelization and flood control along the Kissimmee River resulted in:
A. a decline in biodiversity and water quality.
B. an increase in biodiversity.
C. an improvement in water quality.
D. an improvement in sports fishing.
ANS: A
Chapter: 6
Section: 6.10

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Environment Science Issues Solutions 1st Edition Molles Test Bank

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Environment Science Issues Solutions

1st Edition Molles Test Bank

2. The largest reservoir of water on Earth is the:

3. The largest reservoir of freshwater on Earth is:

7. Precipitation that does NOT evaporate or infiltrate the soil is:

11. The global water cycle is powered by:

15.: During an El Niño event:

20. The largest use of accessible freshwater runoff by humans is for:

21. Which of the following is NOT an instream use of water?

23. A floodplain is:

A. The amount of water appropriated exceeds annual average runoff.

26. Groundwater is sometimes considered a nonrenewable resource because:

27. The settling of a land surface as a result of groundwater withdrawals is:

31. Flooding is beneficial to wetlands because it:

A. Water conservation is a low priority in Singapore.

48. Many states regulate withdrawals of surface waters to:

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