9/11Technology and

Livelihood Education
Agricultural Crops
Production
Quarter 2 - Module 1
Waste Materials Management
Technology and Livelihood Education/Technical Vocational Livelihood – Grade 9/11
(AFA- Agricultural Crops Production)
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 1: Waste Materials Management
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education – Division of Bohol

Schools Division Superintendent: Bianito A. Dagatan, EdD, CESO V
Assistants Schools Division Superintendent: Marina S. Salamanca PhD, CESE
Casiana P. Caberte PhD, CESE

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Consuelo F. Balandra
Editors: Grace P. Mendez
Reviewers: Zenaida P. Miano, Gina B. Castaňares, Delia G. Rafols, Delilah C.
Atup, Leah Vanessa Aton, Jocelyn T. Rotersos
Management Team: Bianito A, Dagatan EdD, CESO V
Marina S. Salamanca PhD, CESE
Casiana P. Caberte PhD, CESE
Carmela S. Restificar PhD
Grace P. Mendez PhD
Josephine D. Eronico PhD

Department of Education – Region VII, Division of Bohol

Office Address: 50 Lino Chatto Drive, Cogon District, Tagbilaran City, Bohol
Telephone Nos. (038) 412- 4938 (038) 411-2544 (038) 501-7550
Telefax: (038) 501-7550
E-mail Address:deped.bohol@deped.gov.ph
 9/11

Technology and
Livelihood
Education
Agricultural
Crops
Production
Quarter 2 – Module 1
Waste Materials Management
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Technology and Livelihood Education/Technical Vocational Livelihood

Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Agri – Fishery Arts (Organic Agriculture
Production)!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their
personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You
also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their
own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the Technology and Livelihood Education Technical Vocational Livelihood

Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Waste Material Management!

The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is
capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills
at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
 process what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in
developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in
the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate
to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain
deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
What This Module is About
This module covers the skills and knowledge required to Support horticultural
production under supervision. It will include the ability to prepare materials, tools and
equipment for horticultural production work, undertake routine production assistance
work, handle materials and equipment, and clean up on completion of work.
Supporting horticultural production work also covers knowledge of safe work practices
relating to basic crop handling techniques including planting, maintaining, picking
and packing, loading and unloading, and using associated farm tools and equipment.

What I Need to Know

ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS
Presidential Decree (PD) 1152, ―the Philippine Environmental Code,‖
which took effect in 1977, provides a basis for an integrated waste management
regulation starting from waste source to methods of disposal. PD 1152 has
further mandated specific guidelines to manage municipal wastes (solid and liquid),
sanitary landfill and incineration, and disposal sites in the Philippines. In 1990, the
Philippine Congress enacted the Toxic Substances, Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes
Control Act, commonly known as Republic Act (RA) 6969, a law designed to respond
to increasing problems associated with toxic chemicals and hazardous and nuclear
wastes. RA 6969 mandates control and management of import, manufacture,
process, distribution, use, transport, treatment, and disposal of toxic substances
and hazardous and nuclear wastes in the country.
The Act seeks to protect public health and the environment from
unreasonable risks posed by these substances in the Philippines. Apart from the
basic policy rules and regulations of RA 6969, hazardous waste management must
also comply with the requirements of other specific environmental laws, such as PD
984 (Pollution Control Law), PD 1586 (Environmental Impact Assessment System
Law), RA 8749 (Clean Air Act) and RA 9003 (Ecological Solid Waste Management Act)
and their implementing rules and regulations.
 What I Know

Pre test

TRUE or FALSE: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is wrong. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Trench composting is relatively simple. Simply dig a trench 8 - 8 inches
deep, fill with 3 - 4 inches of organic material and cover with soil.
2. Bin can be constructed using 4' × 4' pallets fastened together to form a box
and lined with wire mesh.
3. Composting is nature's way of recycling. Composting biodegrades organic
waste. i.e. food waste, manure, leaves, grass trimmings, paper, wood, feathers, crop
residue etc., and turns it into a valuable in- organic fertilizer.
4. Waste management is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or
disposal, and monitoring of waste materials.
5. The idea behind recycling is to increase energy usage, reduce volume of
landfills, reduce air and water pollution, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and
preserve natural resources for future use.
6. Waste management has been dependably the theme of much dispute.
7. Recycling and composting are a couple of the best methods of waste
management.
8. Proper waste management includes the proper collection, transfer,
dispensation and removal of waste materials.
9. Waste would be likely a source of health problems, environmental
destruction and other form of negative impact on aesthetics.

10. Plasma gasification is another form of waste management

 Lesson Title of Lesson
1 WASTE MATERIALS MANAGEMENT

What I Need to Know

Lesson 1: Support Horticultural Work

Learning Outcome 3: Handle materials and equipment
3.1 Store waste material in a designated area according to work Place
Procedure/OHS procedure
Learning Objective
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, you should be able to:
a. Identify how to manage waste materials.

What’s In

Activity Title: Definition of terms

a. Instruction: Find the definition/meaning of the following words and write it in your
notebook.
a.OHS b. Recycle c. Landfill d.Disposal e.Composting
Now let us learn the lesson in handle materials and equipment.

Notes to the Teacher

Always remind the students to answer the pre-test first before
proceeding. Let them read the information sheets before
accomplishing the task. Make sure that all tasks are answered
diligently including the post test. Update your students through
messenger, text message or phone calls.
 What’s New

Proper waste management is as important as the ecosystem balance. It might

sound like an exaggeration but it is true. It cannot be denied that waste problem if not
foremost is one of the top dilemmas of every country. It doesn't just contribute to land
depletion due to waste depot necessity; it is also the number one contributor of air
pollution due to incineration.

Proper waste management includes the proper collection, transfer, dispensation

and removal of waste materials. It may also include recycling to further extend its use,
monitoring of waste material is also integrated. Wastes that are produced from human
activities can be recycled and even gather resources out of what we think are already
useless. Waste would be likely a source of health problems, environmental destruction
and other form of negative impact on aesthetics.

There are different forms of proper waste management depending on the

availability and need of an area. For some developed and developing countries, for
urban and rural areas as well as for residential and industrial producers, they differ
on how they handle their waste engendered as a whole, be it due to their day to day
living or company operations.

Generally proper waste management is being done in order to resolve issues on

climate change, as mentioned above, incineration is being done as an alternative aside
from dumpsites to diminish waste but it doesn't adhere on a cost effective manner
approach. Proper Waste Management could still be effective if waste is eliminated
without harming the environment.

There is effective waste management applied in order to cope up with the

mounting waste on dumpsites that triggers to a lot of harmful effects. Refusing to buy
materials that can't be recycled is one methods of proper waste management, reduce,
reuse and recycle are some of the accepted system also. Usually hazardous
commercial and industrial proper waste management is the responsibility of the
generator, whereas non-hazardous residential and institutional waste in municipal
areas is generally the liability of local government.
 What is It

Waste Materials Management

Waste management is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or

disposal, and monitoring of waste materials. The term usually relates to materials
produced by human activity, and is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on
health, the environment or aesthetics. Waste management is also carried out to
recover resources from it. Waste management can involve solid, liquid, gaseous or
radioactive substances, with different methods and fields of expertise for each.
Methods of Disposal
Landfills
Throwing daily waste/garbage in the landfills is the most popularly used
method of waste disposal used today. This process of waste disposal focuses attention
on burying the waste in the land. Landfills are commonly found in developing
countries. There is a process used that eliminates the odors and dangers of waste
before it is placed into the ground. While it is true this is the most popular form of
waste disposal, it is certainly far from the only procedure and one that may also bring
with it an assortment of space.

This method is becoming less these days although, thanks to the lack of space
available and the strong presence of methane and other landfill gases, both of which
can cause numerous contamination problems. Landfills give rise to air and water
pollution which severely affects the environment and can prove fatal to the lives of
humans and animals. Many areas are reconsidering the use of landfills.

Incineration/Combustion
Incineration or combustion is a type disposal method in which municipal solid
wastes are burned at high temperatures so as as to convert them into residue and
gaseous products. The biggest advantage of this type of method is that it can reduce
the volume of solid waste to 20 to 30 percent of the original volume, decreases the
space they take up and reduce the stress on landfills.
This process is also known as thermal treatment where solid waste materials
are converted by Incinerators into heat, gas, steam and ash. Incineration is something
that is very in countries where landfill space is no longer available, which includes
Japan.

Recovery and Recycling

Resource recovery is the process of taking useful discarded items for a specific
next use. These discarded items are then processed to extract or recover materials and
resources or convert them to energy in the form of useable heat, electricity or fuel.

Recycling is the process of converting waste products into new products to

prevent energy usage and consumption of fresh raw materials. Recycling is the third
component of Reduce, Reuse and Recycle waste hierarchy. The idea behind recycling
is to reduce energy usage, reduce volume of landfills, reduce air and water pollution,
reduce greenhouse gas emissions and preserve natural resources for future use.

Plasma gasification

Plasma gasification is another form of waste management. Plasma is a primarily

an electrically charged or a highly ionized gas. Lighting is one type of plasma which
produces temperatures that exceed 12,600 °F . With this method of waste disposal, a
vessel uses characteristic plasma torches operating at +10,000 °F which is creating a
gasification zone till 3,000 °F for the conversion of solid or liquid wastes into a syngas.

During the treatment solid waste by plasma gasification, the waste’s molecular
bonds are broken down as result of the intense heat in the vessels and the elemental
components. Thanks to this process, destruction of waste and dangerous materials is
found. This form of waste disposal provides renewable energy and an assortment of
other fantastic benefits.
Composting
Composting is an easy and natural bio-degradation process that takes organic
wastes i.e. remains of plants and garden and kitchen waste and turns into nutrient
rich food
for your plants. Composting, normally used for organic farming, occurs by allowing
organic materials to sit in one place for months until microbes decompose it.
Composting is one of the best methods of waste disposal as it can turn unsafe organic
products into safe compost.
On the other side, it is slow process and takes lot of space and turns it to Waste
to Energy (Recover Energy) Waste to energy(WtE) process involves converting of non-
recyclable waste items into useable heat, electricity, or fuel through a variety of
processes. This type of source of energy is a renewable energy source as non-
recyclable waste can be used over and over again to create energy.

It can also help to reduce carbon emissions by offsetting the need for energy
from fossil sources. Waste-to-Energy, also widely recognized by its acronym WtE is the
generation of energy in the form of heat or electricity from waste.

Avoidance/Waste Minimization

The easier method of waste management is to reduce creation of waste

materials thereby reducing the amount of waste going to landfills. Waste reduction can
be done through recycling old materials like jar, bags, repairing broken items instead
of buying new one, avoiding use of disposable products like plastic bags, reusing
second hand items, and buying items that uses less designing.

Recycling and composting are a couple of the best methods of waste

management. Composting is so far only possible on a small scale, either by private
individuals or in areas where waste can be mixed with farming soil or used for
landscaping purposes. Recycling is widely used around the world, with plastic, paper
and metal leading the list of the most recyclable items. Most material recycled is
reused for its original purpose.
 What’s More

Recycling/ composting practices and procedures

The first step required for recycling is collecting recyclable materials from
communities. Today many major cities and larger communities offer a curbside pick-
up service for recyclable materials. Families who recycle items such as paper, bottles
and cans, place the items in recycling collection bins. These bins usually have the
recycling symbol on them. This is one of the most important steps for recycling
because if people do not separate their recyclable materials from their trash then the
materials will not be recycled. Instead they will be sent to the landfill with other trash.

Apart from the items you may recycle at home, many other things such as old tires,
computers, mattresses, cars and more are recycled for parts and materials.

The second step involves processing the recyclable materials. This includes
sorting the materials into groups, cleaning them and getting them ready to be sold to
manufacturers who will turn the materials into new products.

Manufacturing is the third step in the recycling process. Today many products
are made out of either total or partial post-consumer (recycled) materials. Many items
you may see every day are made from recycled materials. Newspapers, paper towels,
office paper, plastic bottles and aluminium cans are not only made of recycled
materials, but they can also be recycled again.

The last step, but certainly not the least, involves the purchasing of recycled
products. When consumers purchase products that have been made with post-
consumer material the recycling process has been completed and can then be
repeated. If you have the choice to purchase a product made from recycled materials,
instead of one that was not, what do you think you should do? It takes education and
awareness to remember to recycle and purchase recycled products.

Recycling helps reduce the amount of trash that is disposed of in landfills.

Recycling, rather than throwing things away, is also better for the environment.
Currently it is believed that the amount of carbon dioxide in the earth’s atmosphere is
causing global warming which can have devastating long term effects. Recycling is one
of many ways that people can cut down the amount of carbon dioxide that is released
into our atmosphere. Purchasing recycled paper is also better for the environment
because it takes less energy to produce recycled paper and saves some trees along the
way.

What I Can Do

Composting Methods
Hot Composting
Hot composting is the most efficient method for producing quality compost in a
relatively short time. In addition, it favors the destruction of weed seeds, fly larvae and
pathogens. While hot composting, using the windrow or bin method, requires a high
degree of management, hot composting, using the in-vessel method, requires a lesser
degree of management.
Cold Composting
This method is ideal for adding organic matter around trees, in garden plots, in
eroded areas etc. The time required to decompose organic matter using this method is
governed, to a large extent, by environmental conditions and could take two years or
more.
Sheet Composting
Sheet composting is carried out by spreading organic material on the surface of
the soil or untilled ground and allowing it to decompose naturally. Over time, the
material will decompose and filter into the soil. This method is ideally suited for forage
land, no-till applications, erosion control, roadside landscaping etc. The process does
not favor the destruction of weed seeds, fly larvae, pathogens etc. and composting
materials should be limited to plant residue and manure. Again, decomposition time is
governed by environmental conditions and can be quite lengthy.
Trench Composting
Trench composting is relatively simple. Simply dig a trench 6 - 8 inches deep,
fill with 3 - 4 inches of organic material and cover with soil. Wait a few weeks and
plant directly above the trench. This method does not favor the destruction of weed
seeds, fly larvae and pathogens and the composting process can be relatively slow.
Loading the Bin / Windrow
Place the raw materials in layers using a balance of high carbon (moist) and low
carbon (dry) materials. Each layer should be no more than four to six inches in depth.
Spray each layer with a light mist of CBCT Stock Solution (Mix CBCT Concentrate and
water at a rate of 1:200). This will initiate and accelerate the composting process and
eliminate odors).
Procedure:
Step 1. Start with a 4 to 6 inch layer of coarse material set on the bottom of the
composter or on top of the soil.
Step 2. Add a 3 to 4 inch layer of low carbon material.
Step 3. Add a 4 to 6 inch layer of high carbon material
Step 4. Add a 1 inch layer of garden soil or finished compost.
Step 5. Mix the layers of high carbon material, low carbon material, and soil or
compost.
Repeat steps 2 through 5 until the composting bin is filled (maximum 4 feet in height).
Cap with dry material.

What I Have Learned

Proper waste management is important to avoid contamination, especially when the

waste is hazardous. But more importantly, household and businesses should exercise
waste minimization or waste avoidance, which involves recycling old items, repairing
broken items,
donating items no longer use, avoiding the use of disposable items to reduce the
amount of waste that twill end up in landfills.
Summary
Disposing of waste has huge environmental impacts and can cause serious
problems. Needless to say, the most important reason for proper waste management is
to protect the environment and for the health and safety of the population. It is a very
important topic that needs to be addressed, and everyone should be aware why waste
segregation can be the difference between the survival of the earth and the worsening
effects in the natural biological system.

Waste management has been dependably the theme of much dispute. Waste
management involves the handling of waste materials from the time it is made to its
disposal. This includes how the business or company collects, transports, processes,
recycles, or disposes its waste.

The general populace is increasing and, correspondingly, the amount of waste

is expanding as well. If we view the statistics, we will see that there is a gigantic zone
of waste disposal everywhere throughout the world. Waste disposal destinations are a
big issue for the planet. It results in extra contamination, openings in ozone layers,
and spread of new ailments. Thinking about the circumstances, waste management
may just be the answer.

Many natural resources such as trees, gas, and water are depleting. For instance,
paper, cupboards, paper cups, and many other products that we use daily are made
from trees. Huge areas of trees are cut down every year, and new trees do not have
enough time to fully grow. Fortunately, it is possible to recycle paper products instead
of cutting down new trees. Reforestation can only do so much.

Additionally, it is also possible to reuse metal items. In some countries, there

are sites where you can bring and sell old newspapers, metal items, or even glass. All
these products are recycled and used again. These little things have an immense
impact in our universal battle to save the environment.
 Assessment

(Post- Test)
TRUE or FALSE: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is wrong. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Trench composting is relatively simple. Simply dig a trench 8 - 8
inches deep, fill with 3 - 4 inches of organic material and cover with soil.
2. Bin can be constructed using 4' × 4' pallets fastened together to form
a box and lined with wire mesh.
3. Composting is nature's way of recycling. Composting biodegrades
organic waste. i.e. food waste, manure, leaves, grass trimmings, paper, wood, feathers,
crop residue etc., and turns it into a valuable in- organic fertilizer.
4. Waste management is the collection, transport, processing, recycling
or disposal, and monitoring of waste materials.
5. The idea behind recycling is to increase energy usage, reduce volume
of landfills, reduce air and water pollution, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and
preserve natural resources for future use.
6. Waste management has been dependably the theme of much dispute.
7. Recycling and composting are a couple of the best methods of waste
management.
8. Proper waste management includes the proper collection, transfer,
dispensation and removal of waste materials.
9. Waste would be likely a source of health problems, environmental
destruction and other form of negative impact on aesthetics.
10. Plasma gasification is another form of waste management
Key Answers

1. FALSE
2. FALSE
3. TRUE
4. TRUE
5. FALSE
6. TRUE
7. TRUE
8. TRUE
9. TRUE
10 .TRUE
References

 http://www.depedbataan.com/resources/9/
k_to_12_crop_production_learning_modules.pdf
 https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/waste-management-and-
waste-disposal-methods.php
 https://sciencepark.com.ph/blog/waste-management-important/
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region VII, Division of Bohol

Office Address: 50 Lino Chatto Drive, Cogon District,

Tagbilaran City, Bohol
Telephone Nos. (038) 412- 4938 (038) 411-2544 (038) 501-7550
Telefax: (038) 501-7550
E-mail Address: deped.bohol@deped.gov.ph