BSA3533

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 3

Architecture
School of Built Environment
UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY SARAWAK

BSA 3533 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY III 1

Course Outline
Learning Outcomes:

• Demonstrate knowledge on basic construction systems and

materials with the latest technology.

• Analyze the problems in building construction and how selection

of materials impact the designed built environment

• Select the appropriate contemporary building materials,

methods and systems using the latest construction and
prefabricated modular coordination.

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Course Planning & Learning Outline
Course Other Areas of Discussion

Material

• Understanding the properties

• Availability in the market

Structure • Behavior – load transfer

• Connection with other materials

• Jointing method

Construction

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WEEK / DATE TOPIC REMARKS
Introduction: COURSE OUTLINE
1
BUILDING COMPONENTS
2 STEEL Assignment 1 Briefing

3 GLASS

4 PLASTIC, RUBBERS & RECONSTITUTED PRODUCT & FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE

5 STUDIO TRIP

6 PROGRESS TEST

7 FRAMING SYSTEM Assignment 2 Briefing

MID SEMESTER BREAK
Assignment 1
8 PRE-FABRICATION CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
Submission

9 INDUSTRIALIZED BUILDING SYSTEM (IBS)

10 CLADDING SYSTEM & CLADDING MATERIALS

11 WATERPROOFING SYSTEM

12 ASSIGNMENT 2 CONSULTATION
13 CONSULTATION ASSIGNMENT 2
14 SUBMISSION ASSIGNMENT 2 4
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Course Planning & Learning Outline
Assessment Methods and Percentage

ASSIGNMENT
1. Assignment 1 (20%) 40%
2. Assignment 2 (20%)

PROGRESS TEST 20%

FINAL EXAM 40 %

TOTAL 100 %

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 Course Planning & Learning Outline
References

1 Allen, E.& Iano,J. (2008). FUNDAMENTALS OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION : MATERIAL AND

METHODS, 4th Ed. Wiley Publishing Inc.
2 Herzog, T. Kripper, R and Lang W. (2008). FAÇADE CONSTRUCTION MANUAL.
Basel:Birkhauser
3 Reichel, A.Ackermann, p.Hentschel, A.& Hochberg (2007) BUILDING WITH STEEL:DETAILS,
PRINCIPLES AND EXAMPLES. Basel:Birkhauser
4 Trebilcock,P. and Lawson M (2004) ARCHITECTURE DESIGN IN STEEL. Spon Press, London
5 Schittich Staib Balkow Schuler Sobek. ( 2007) GLASS CONSTRUCTION MANUAL. Institute Fur
International Architekture-Documentation Gmbh & Co.KG, Munich.

6 Francis DK Ching (2008) BUILDING CONSTRUCTION ILLUSTRATED, 4th Ed, John Wiley & Sons,
Inc, US

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BSA 3533 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 3

Lecture1 :
BUILDING COMPONENTS

Architecture
School of Built Environment
UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY SARAWAK

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Building Component

What is structure?
The arrangement (of) and relations
between the parts or elements of
something complex.
Building Component
Sub-Structure and Super-structure

Super-structure
Above the ground

Underground
Sub-structure
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Building Component
Sub-Structure and Super-structure

Super-structure
• Structure which is above ground level
• Part of the super-structure, located between
the ground level and the floor level is known as
plinth.

Sub-structure or Foundation
• Lower portion of the building
• located below the ground level, which transmits
the loads of the super-structure to the
supporting soil
• A foundation is therefore that part of the
structure which is indirect contact with the
ground to which the loads are transmitted.

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Building Component
Components

A building has the following components

• Foundation Systems
• Wall Systems
• Floor Systems
• Roof Systems
• Doors, windows (fenestrations)
• Vertical transportation structures,
i.e. stairs, lifts, ramps
• Building finishes
• Mechanical and Electrical Systems

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A STRUCTURAL SYSTEM IS DESIGNED ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING CRITERIA:-

1. FUNCTION
• What is this thing supposed to do?
• What does it support?
• How well must a structure perform its functions?
2. AESTHETICS
• As a Designers the incorporation of the structure into the design has to be
aesthetically pleasing.
A STRUCTURAL SYSTEM IS DESIGNED ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING CRITERIA:-

1. FUNCTION
• What is this thing supposed to do?
• What does it support?
• How well must a structure perform its functions?
2. AESTHETICS
• As a Designers the incorporation of the structure into the design has to be
aesthetically pleasing
3. SAFETY
• Whether the structure is safe. Normally, structures are designed with safety
factor that allows the structure to withstand much larger loads than it would
normally need to carry.
4. COST
• Bigger and stronger structure usually is more expensive . Thus a good structure
design would be cost efficient with reasonable margin of safety.
5. MATERIAL
• Properties or characteristics of the materials must match the purpose of the
structure. Different materials give different structural properties
In terms of basic geometry, the structural forms
can generally be classified as either
• Line-Forming Elements
• Line-forming elements can be further
distinguished as straight or curved.

LINE SURFACE

• Surface-Forming Elements
• Are either planar or curve.
• Curved-surface elements can be either
single or double curvature

PLANAR CURVE
Characteristics of The Structural Element

• Rigidity
• Whether the element is rigid or flexible
• Rigid elements
• Example: Typical beams do not undergo shape changes
under the action of a load or changing loads. Usually
bent or bowed to a small degree by the action of the
load RIGID STRUCTURE
Characteristics of The Structural Element

• Rigidity
• Whether the element is rigid or flexible
• Rigid elements
• Example: Typical beams do not undergo shape changes
under the action of a load or changing loads. Usually
bent or bowed to a small degree by the action of the
load RIGID STRUCTURE

• Flexible elements
• Cables in which the element assumes one shape under
one loading condition and changes shape drastically
when the nature of the loading changes

FLEXIBLE STRUCTURE
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Line-forming Elements ELEMENTS TYPICAL ASSEMBLIES
and Surface-forming
Elements.

Rigid structures
• R.C structures
• Steel structures

Non – rigid structures

• Tensile structures
Types of Structure

SOLID SKELETAL SURFACE

STRUCTURE STRUCTURE STRUCTURE

MASS FRAME SHELL

 Types of Structure

MASS
• Mass Structures are solid
structures which rely on
their own weight to
resist loads.

• A single brick is a mass

structure but so is a
large dam.

• A mass structure can be

made by forming similar
materials into a particular
shape or design.
 Types of Structure

FRAME
• Frame structures also known
as skeletal structure supports
the weight of the roof and
covering materials.

• Some frame structures are

simple and consist only of a
frame. Examples: Ladders

• Some frame structures are

more complex with added
parts. Examples: bicycles,
bridges crane and oil rig

• Frame structures are made

from many small parts called
members and joined together
to make a whole structure.
 Types of Structure

SHELL
• Shell structures are made or
assembled to make one piece.

• Shell Structures are objects

that use a thin, carefully
shaped outer layer of
material to provide their
strength and rigidity.
• Requires no internal frame.
Example: igloo, egg.

• Most shell structures are made

from thin sheet material (which
makes them light) and most
have ridges or curves moulded
into them (to make them
strong).
Building Component
What is structure?

LOAD

BSA 3533 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY III 29

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Loads Categories

DEAD LOAD
• A permanent force acting on a
structure. This includes the weight
of the structure itself.

• Over time, this gravitational force

can cause the structure to sag, tilt,
or pull apart as the ground
beneath it shifts or compresses
under the load.

• Dead loads (DL) are essentially

constant during the life of the
structure and normally consist of
the weight of the structural
elements.
Loads Categories

DEAD LOAD
• Dead load on a structure is the
result of the weight of the
permanent components such as
beams, floor slabs, columns and
walls.

• These components will produce

the same constant 'dead' load
during the lifespan of the
building.
Dead load =
volume of member x unit weight of materials
Loads Categories
SNOW LOAD
• The shape of the roof also plays
an important part in the
magnitude of the snow load. The
steeper the pitch, the smaller
the load.
• The snow falling on a flat roof
will continue to build up and the
load will continue to increase,
but on a pitched roof a point is
reached when the snow will slide
off.
Loads Categories

LIVE LOAD
• The weight of occupants, snow and
vehicles, and the forces induced by
wind or earthquakes are examples of
live loads.

• All the movable objects/ non-

permanent objects in a building such as
people, desks, cupboards and filing
cabinets produce an imposed load on
the structure.

• This loading may come and go with the

result that its intensity will vary
considerably. At one moment a room
may be empty, yet at another packed
with people. Imagine the `extra' live
load at a lively party!
 Loads Categories

WIND LOAD
• Wind has become a very
important load in recent years
due to the extensive use of
lighter materials, height of
building and more efficient
building techniques.

• A building built with heavy

masonry may not be affected
by the wind load, but the
structural design of a modern
steel clad industrial building is
dominated by the wind load
which will affect its strength,
stability and serviceability. Wind Tunnel Testing for high rise buildings
Thank you

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