Solution

CHAPTER 2

Class 12 - Physics

1.
2
4q
(c) −
√3π ε0 b

Explanation: Half diagonal of the tube,

√b2 + b2 + b2
√3b
r = =
2 2

P.E. of the charge + q at the centre due to eight charges (each = -q) at the corners of the cube is
1 q×(−q)
U = 8 ×
4πε0 r

2 2
1 q 4q
= −8 × = −
4πε0 √3b/2 √3π ε0 b

2.
(b) 32
Explanation: Each capacitor of capacitance 8μF can withstand a maximum potential of 250 V.
When equal capacitors are connected in series, the potential difference across them is equal.
If there are 'm' capacitors in series such that the potential across each is 250 V, then,
1000
= 250; m = 4
m
C 8
The equivalent capacitance of 4 capacitors connected in series is C S =
m
=
4
= 2μF

To achieve a capacitance of 16, 'n' such rows of capacitors need to be connected in parallel.
Ceq = nCS = 16μF
16 16
n= = = 8
CS 2

To make a condenser of 16 μF , 8 rows of capacitors with each row containing 4 capacitors are to be connected.
The total number of capacitors = n × m = 4 × 8 = 32
3.
(b) 20
2
Q

Explanation: The initial energy of the capacitor of capacitance C and charge Q1 is U 1 =

1

2C
2 2
U2 − U1 Q −Q

When the charge increases to Q2, the energy of the capacitor

2 1
=
U1 2
Q
1

U2 − U1
Given percentage increase of energy U1
= 0.21

2 2 2
Q −Q Q
2 1 2
∴ = − 1
2 2
Q Q
1 1
2
Q
2
⇒ 0.21 = − 1
2
Q
1
2
Q
2
⇒ 1.21 =
2
Q
1
Q
2
⇒ = 1.1
Q1

But Q − Q = 2; Q = 1.1Q
2 1 2 1

On solving, we get initial charge on capacitor is, Q1 = 20C

4.
(c) 4W
2
Q
Explanation: W =
2C
2 2
(2Q) Q
′
W = = 4 ⋅ = 4W
2C 2C

5. (a) 200 V
Explanation: The break down potential of the capacitor is 220 V. In order to prevent damage to a capacitor, it should be always
used in a circuit where the p.d is less than its break down potential. The p.d difference can be 200 V.
6.
(b) 160 MW

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 qV 6

Explanation: P =
W

t
=
t
=
4×4×10

0.1
W

= 160 MW
7.
(c) 70 V
Explanation: The potential at any point inside the charged hollow metallic sphere is the same as that on its surface.
8.
(b) outside the plates will be zero
Explanation: The electric field outside two large plates with opposite charge densities will be zero.

The electric field between the plates , having area=2 m2 of the capacitor is given by :-
Q

σ A
E = =
ε0 ε0

Q −10
8.85×10
= =
Aε0 −12
2×8.85×10

= 50 N/C
and it is a constant electric field.
9. (a) 6m
q q
Explanation: E = 4πε0
1
⋅
2
and V =
1

4πε0
⋅
r
r

∴ r =
V

E
=
3000 V
=6m
500 V/m

10.
(d) 4 times
Explanation: Capacitance of the small drop of radius r is,
Cs = 4πε0 r

and that of the big drop of radius R is,

CB = 4πε0 R

The volume of 64 small drops = volume of 1 big drop

4 3 4 3
πR = 64 × πr ; R = 4r
3 3
CB 4π ε0 R R
The ratio Cs
=
4π ε0 r
=
r
= 4; CB = 4Cs

11.
(d) zero
Explanation: The potential at every point of the circle will be same.
∴ W = qΔV = q × 0 = 0

12.
(d) No
Explanation: Intersection of two equipotential surfaces at a point will give two directions of electric field intensity at that
point, which is not possible.
13.
(b) increase by 4 times
ε0 A κ
Explanation: C = κC 0 = κ
d
i.e C ∝ d
2κ
∴ C ∝
d/2

′ 4k
⇒ C ∝
d
′
C
⇒ = 4
C

⇒ C' = 4 C

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14.
(d) C

2
Cme d
Explanation: K =
Cvac

Cmed C
∴ Cvac = =
κ 2

15.
(b) 9 × 10 −3
J

Explanation: Potential energy of a two charge system is given by

q q
U= 1

4π ε0 r
2

9 −6 −6
9× 10 ×1× 10 ×1× 10
=
1
−3
= 9 × 10 J

16. (a) ML-1T-2

Explanation: [ 1

2
ε0 E
2
] = energy density
2 −2
ML T −1 −2
= = [ ML T ]
3
L

17.
(c) becomes E/K
Explanation: Charge on the plates of the capacitor is q = CV
When a dielectric slab (dielectric constant, K) introduced between the plates of the capacitor, capacity of the capacitor becomes
K times that of it had in case of air. Thus, C(dielectric) = KC
Therefore, if dielectric slab is introduced then charge on the plates remain the same. But potential difference V° between the
plates decreases as
q = C(dielectric) V°
q q
or V° = = = V

K
C(dielectric) KC

Since K is greater than 1, therefore, V° < V

and electric field E = V

Here d is the distance between the plates of the capacitor. Therefore E°, electric field between the plates in presence of
dielectric slab,
∘

E° = =V

d
= V

Kd
E

That is E° < E.
18.
(c) E = 0, but V is same as on the surface and non-zero
Explanation: The electric field on the surface of a hollow conductor is maximum and it drops to zero abruptly inside the
conductor.
dV
Since E = − dr
, the potential difference between any two points inside the hollow conductor is zero.
This means that the potential at all points inside the hollow charged conductor is same and it is equal to the value of the
potential at its surface.
19.
(c) 1 keV
Explanation: K.E. gained = qV = e × 1 kV = 1 keV
20. (a) remains the same throughout the conductor
Explanation: The potential at all points inside a conductor is same as that on its surface.
21.
(c) zero
Explanation: The potential at any point on the perpendicular bisector of the dipole is zero.
∴ ΔV = VO − VP = 0

W = qΔV = 5μC × 0 = 0

22.
(d) 0.02 J

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 Explanation: U = 1

2
CV
2
=
1

2
× 4 × 10
−6
× (100)
2

= 2 × 10-2 J = 0.02 J
23.
(c) 2
MΩ
ln(2)
2
q

Explanation: U = 2C
0

At t = 1 s, energy reduces to half, so

q0
q =
√2
t

Now q = q 0e
−
r

q0
−1
∴ = q0 e
√2

1
– 1 –
⇒ e t = √2 ⇒ = ln(√2)
τ
2
⇒ τ =
ln(2)

2
⇒ RC =
ln(2)

2 2 2
R= = Ω = MΩ
Cln(2) −6 ln(2)
10 ln(2)

24.
(d) depend on the radii of the sphere
Explanation: As potential on the surface of conducting sphere is given by
q
V= thus if q is same for both the sphere
4π ∈0 R

Vα 1

R
.

25.
(d) infinite
Explanation: infinite
26.
(d) inverse ratio of capacitors
Explanation: When capacitors are connected in series, they have equal charge but the potential difference across them is given
Q Q
by V 1 =
C1
; V2 =
C2
... and so on.
Therefore, V ∝
C
1

27.
(d) E⃗ = ^i (2xy + z 3 ^ 2 ^
) + j x + k3xz
2

Explanation: E⃗ = − ∂V
= [−
∂V ^
i −
∂V ^
j −
∂V ^
k]
∂r ∂x ∂y ∂z

3 ^ 2^ 2^
= [(2xy + z ) i + x j + 3xz k]

28.
(c) −(6^i + 5^j + 2k
^
)

∂V ∂V ∂V
Explanation: E⃗ = − ∂x
^
i −
∂y
^
j −
∂z
^
k

⃗ ^ ^ ^
E = −(6y) i − (6x − 1y + 2z) j − (2y)k

At the point (1, 1, 0),

⃗ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ −1
E = −6 i − 5 j − 2k = −(6 i + 5 j + 2k)NC

29.
(c) R
Explanation: As potential on surface of a conducting sphere will be
q
V =
4π ∈0 R

and q = CV
So, putting value of V, we get
C = 4π∈0 R

30.
(c) 0.32 J
Explanation: Heat produced in the 2 kΩ resistor

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 = Energy stored in the charged capacitor
=
1

2
CV
2
=
1

2
× 4 × 10
−6 2
× (400) J = 0.32 J

31. (a) Decreasing the battery potential

Explanation: An electroscope is a device which measures the potential difference. If it is connected in parallel to the capacitor,
the potential across it will be equal to the potential across the capacitor, which is equal to the potential across the battery. On
decreasing the battery potential, the potential difference across the electroscope reduces and hence the reading reduces.
32. (a) They are concentric spheres for uniform electric fields.
Explanation: Key Idea: There is no potential gradient along any direction parallel to the surface. Any surface over which the
electric potential is the same everywhere is called an equipotential surface. The electric field and hence, lines of force
everywhere are at right angles to the equipotential surface. This is so because there is no potential gradient along any direction
parallel to the surface and, so no electric field parallel to the surface. This means the electric field and hence, lines of force are
always at right angles to the equipotential surface. Hence, they are not concentric spheres for a uniform electric field. They are
concentric spheres for an isolated point charge.
33.
(b) 100 V
Explanation: By conservation of charge, 0.2 × 600 = (0.2 + 1) V
0.2×600
∴ V =
1.2
= 100 V
34.
(d) The work done is the same in Fig. (i), Fig. (ii) and Fig. (iii).
Explanation: Work done in electrostatic is given by:- W = q×(change in potential)As the potential difference between A and
B in all three figures are equal (20 V) so work done (ΔV q) by any charge in moving from A to B surface will be equal.
35.
(c) It must cross S at some time
Explanation: A positive charge tends to move from a region of higher potential to that of lower potential. So the positive
charge will cross the circle S at some time.
36.
(d) ±5 × 10 C −3

Explanation: In parallel combination, potential across each capacitor will be same thus charge
Hence, charge on each capacitor is given by :-Q =± CV
−6
Q = ±25 × 10 × 200
−3
Q = ±5 × 10 C

37. (a) capacitance

Q
Explanation: By definition of capacitance, C = V

38.
(b) increases
Explanation: As the battery is disconnected, q = constant.
ε0 A
New capacitance, C ′
=
′
d

But d' > d, so C' < C

q
Now V ′
= ′
C

As capacitance decreases, so potential difference increases.

39.
(b) 400 V
C1 V1 + C2 V2
Explanation: V =
C1 + C2

20μF×500 V+10μF×200 V
=
20μF+10μF

12000
= V = 400 V
30

40. (a) Kair < Krubber < Kcopper

Explanation: Kair < Krubber < Kcopper

41.
(b) 5 μF

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 Explanation:
The equivalent circuit is

C' = 2 μF + 2 μF = 4 μF
C' and C1 are in series with effective capacitance,
′
C × C1 4×12 48
′′
C = = = = 3μF
′ 4+12 16
C + C1

The effective capacitance between P and Q

C = C'' + C2 = 3 + 2 = 5 μF

42.
(d) 3 μF
ε0 A
Explanation: The capacitance of the first capacitor C = d
= 2μF

The second capacitor is considered to be made of two capacitors C1 (air filled) and C2 (dielectric) connected in series.
ε0 A
C1 = = 2C = 4μF ;
d

Kε0 A
C2 = = 2K C = 12μF
d

The equivalent capacitance given by,

1 1 1
= +
Ceq v C1 C2

1 1 1
= +
Ceq v 4 12

Thus, on solving we get, Ceqv = 3 μF

ε0 A( κ1 + κ2 )
43. (a) 2d

ε0 A( κ1 + κ2 )
Explanation: 2d

44. (a) 4.65 cms-1

−9 −9
3×10 −3×10
Explanation: V a = 9 × 10
9
[
0.01
+
0.02
] = 1350 V
−9 −9
−3×10
Vb = 9 × 10
9
[
3×10

0.02
+
0.01
] = -1350 V
Va - Vb = 2700 V
1 2
mv = q (Va − Vb )
2
−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−
2q( Va − Vb ) −9
2×2× 10 ×2700
v = √ = √
m −3
5×10

= 4.65 × 10-2 ms-1

= 4.65 cms - 1
45.
(c) 3

4
CV
2

Explanation: The equivalent capacitance of the two condensers connected in parallel is C ′

= C +
C

2
=
3C

The work done in charging both the capacitors is stored as potential energy.
1 2 1 3C 2 3 2
∴ W = U = CV = ( )V = CV
2 2 2 4

46.
(b) zero
Explanation: The charge –q is bound to the charge +q. Therefore no charge will appear on the capacitor B. The capacitor B
will acquire a charge only if a battery (driving force) is put in the circuit.

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47.
2q
(d) 1

4πε0 L
(1 −
1
)
√5

q
Explanation: V =
4πε0
[
1

L
+
1

L
−
1
−
1
]
√5L √5L

2q 1
= [1 − ]
4π ε0 L √5

48.
(d) 15 μC

Explanation:

Let the potential of point a be zero and that of point b be V. Applying charge conservation on the given circuit,
1(10 - V) + 2(V - 0) + 5(V - 10) = 0
8V - 60 = 0
V = = 7.5 V
60

∴ Charge on 2 pF capacitor = 2μF × 7.5 V = 15μC

49. (a) 8 volt
Explanation: Effective capacitance of 3 μF and 6μF capacitors connected in parallel,
C' = 3 + 6 = 9 μF
Now C' and 4.5 μF capacitors are in series
9×4.5
∴ Ceq = = 3μF
9+4.5

Charge through the circuit,

q = CeqV = 3 × 12 = 36 μC
P.D. across 4.5 pF capacitor,
q 36μC
V =
C
=
4.5μF
= 8 volt.

50. (a)

Q
Explanation: In a region of vacuum, E = ε0 A

Q
In a region where the dielectric is present, E = κ ε0 A

1
⇒ E ∝
κ

As κ 1
< κ2 , decrease in E is greater for κ than for κ 2 1

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