Solution

PHYSICS TEST 8 OCTOBER 2023

Class 12 - Physics
Section A
1.
mg
(b) e

Explanation: Force exerted by electric field = Weight of water drop

eE = mg
mg
or E = e

2.
(b) ∞
Explanation: K = E

′
E

As E' = 0 for a conductor, hence K = ∞ for conductor only, i.e., for an insulator K cannot be ∞ .
3.
(d) A is false and R is also false
Explanation: The whole charge of a conductor can be transferred to another isolated conductor, if it is placed inside the hollow
insulated conductor and connected with it.
4.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: The electric flux through the cube,
ϕ=q

ε0

q
A cube has six face equal area, therefore electric flux through each face = 1

6
⋅ ϕ =
1

6
(
ε0
)

= 1

6
× total flux.

5. (a) 8μC
Explanation: At steady state, the capacitor is open-circuited so no current flows through the 10-ohm resistor. So current will
flow across 2 ohm resistor is
V 2.5 2.5
I = = = = 1Amp
R+r 2+0.5 2.5

So P.D. across 2Ω resistance V = RI = 2× 1 = 2 Volt.

As a battery, capacitor and 2Ω branches are in parallel. So P.D. will remain the same across all three branches.
As current does not flow through the capacitor branch so no potential drop will be across 10Ω
So P.D. across 4μF capacitor = 2 Volt
charge on the capacitor plate is given by:
[q = C V ] = 4μF × 2 = 8μC

6.
(c) spheres
Explanation: Here we have to find out the shape of the equipotential surface. These surfaces are perpendicular to the field
lines. So there must be an electric field which cannot be without charge. So the algebraic sum of all charges must not be zero.
Equipotential surface at a great distance means that the space of charge is negligible as compared to distance. So the collection
of charges is considered as a point charge. The electric potential due to point charge is given by V=1/4π ∈ 0r. It means that
potential due to a point charge is same for all equidistant points, which are at the same potential form spherical shape. The lines
of the field from point charges are radial. So the equipotential surface (perpendicular to the field lines) form a sphere.
7.
16C1
(d) n1 n2

Explanation: 1

2
Cp V
2
=
1

2
2
Cs (4V )

1 1 C1
or 2
n2 C2 V
2
=
2 n1
(4V )
2

16C1
or C 2 =
n1 n2

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 8.
(d) A is false and R is also false
Explanation: A is false and R is also false
9.
(b) is the direction in which positive charges move
Explanation: Current flows in a conductor due to the flow of negatively charged electrons. However, the direction of
conventional current is taken to be opposite to the direction of flow of electrons. It can therefore be considered as the direction
in which positive charges move.
10. (a) 19300 C
Explanation: Reduction equation taking place at the cathode is as follow:
+ −
2H + 2e → H2 (g)

It implies that 2 moles of electrons are required to produce 1 mole (= 22.4 liters) of Hydrogen. Hence,
1 mole of electron is = 1 Faraday
and 1 Faraday = 96500 Coulombs of charge
∴ 2 moles of electrons = 19300 Coulombs of charge.
11.
(c) 150 s
Explanation: Heater gives energy at a rate of 836 joules per second.
P = 836 W and T1 = 100C and T2 = 400C
Heat energy required to raise temperature of mass m of water from T1 to T2 is given as,
Q = mS (T2 − T1 )

S is specific heat of water = 4.186 J/g℃

Let t be the time required to heat water, then
Q = Pt

From above equations,

⇒ 836 × t = 1000 × 4.186 × (40 − 10)
4186×30
⇒ t =
836

⇒ t ≈ 150 seconds

12. (a) I R
2

Explanation: The power dissipated

P = V × I

Since V = IR

2
P = I R

13.
(b) 2 × 10-2 J
Explanation: magnetic moment (m)= 2Am2 and magnetic field (B)is =5 x 10-3 T
The potential energy of a magnetic dipole of moment m placed in a magnetic field is U = −mB cos θ
When the magnet is aligned in the direction of the field, and the initial potential energy Ui = -mB
When the magnet is aligned opposite to the direction of the field θ = 180 , its potential energy is Uf = mB
Work done in rotating the magnet is equal to the change in its potential energy.
W = Uf - Ui = mB - (-mB)
= 2mB = 2 × 2 × 5 × 10 −3

−2
= 2 × 10 J

14.
(b) aAB max e
−at

dϕ
Explanation: |e| = dt

ϕ = BA

2/8
 −at
dϕ d(BA) d(ABmax e )
d −at
|e| = = = = −ABmax e
dt dt dt dt

−at
|e| = aABmax e

15.
2
r
(c) R
μ I
Explanation: Magnetic field at the centre of a large coil, B = 0

2R
as, r << R
μ I
Magnetic flux linkage, ϕ = 2R
0
× πr
2

2
ϕ μ0 π r
Thus, M = I
=
2R
2
r
∴ M ∝
R

16. (a) 100 mH

Explanation: Current is maximum at resonance which occurs when
= x or ωL =
1
x L c
ωC
1
∴ L=
2
ω C
1
= H
2 −6
(1000) ×10× 10

1
=
10
H = 100 mH
17.
(c) decreases the current
Explanation: The coil of choke in a circuit decreases the current.
18.
(c) all of these
Explanation: The ozone layer absorbs e.m. radiation of wavelength range from 120 nm to 380 nm.
19.
(d) frequency
Explanation: Frequency ν remains unchanged when a wave propagates from one medium to another. Both wavelength and
velocity get changed.
20.
1
(d) ε μ
√ 0 0

Explanation: c = μ ε
1

√ 0 0

Section B
21. F = I L × B
F = I BL sin θ

The force per unit length is

f = = I B sinθ
F

a. When the current is flowing from east to west,

θ = 90°

Hence, sin 90° = 1

thus the force per unit length is given by f = I B
= 1 × 3 × 10–5 = 3 × 10–5 N m–1
This is larger than the value 2 × 10–7 Nm–1 quoted in the definition of the ampere. Hence it is important to eliminate the
effect of the earth’s magnetic field and other stray fields while standardizing the ampere. The direction of the force is
downwards. This direction may be obtained by the directional property of cross product of vectors.
b. When the current is flowing from south to north,
θ = 0o and sin00=0
f=0
Hence there is no force on the conductor.
22. When the current passes through the circular conductor B, the magnetic field produced is parallel to the plane of the circular
conductor A. As such, the magnetic flux linked with circular conductor A due to the magnetic field produced due to the flow of
current through conductor B is zero.

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 When the current through conductor B is changed, the magnetic flux linked with the conductor will remain zero. Hence, no
current will be induced in conductor A, when the current through conductor B is changed.
23. When an iron rod is inserted into the interior of the inductor, inductance (L) of the coil increases, increasing thereby the inductive
reactance XL= ω L. The current Iv = Ev/XL decreases. Therefore, the glow of the light bulb decreases.
If ac source is replaced by dc source of same voltage glow of the bulb is much more (∵ XL = ω L = 2 π ν L = 0). However, this
glow does not change on inserting an iron rod.
24. As ac voltage can be represented by V=V0 sin wt.
i. from the equation V = 70 sin 100 πt
2πν = 100π

ν = 50 Hz

ii. Peak voltage = 70 V

peak current = 70/25 = 2.8 A
rms Current =0.707 × peak current = 0.707 × 2.8 = 1.98 A

25. i. An accelerating charged particle produces an e.m. wave. A charged particle oscillating about equilibrium position is an
accelerating charged particle. Also, accelerating charges produce changing electric and magnetic fields.
ii.

Section C
26. i. The equivalent network of the capacitors is shown in the figure.

Capacitors C2, C3 and C4 are in parallel.

∴ C234 = C2 + C3 + C4 = 2 + 2 + 2 = 6 μF
Now, C1, C234 and C5 form a series combination.
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7
= + + = + + =
Ceq C1 C234 C5 2 6 2 6

6
∴ Ceq = μF
7

ii. Charge drawn from the 7 V source,

6
Q = Ceq V = μF × 7 V = 6μC
7

Energy stored,
2
2 −6
Q (6× 10 ) ×7
−6
U = = J = 21 × 10 J = 21μJ
2Ceq −6
2×6×10

27. R1 = R0 (1 + αΔt )( in general form)

R1 = 200 ohm, R2 = 100 ohm.
For Resistance R1
R
′
1
= R1 (1 + αΔt )
= 200 (1 + 0.0031 × 100)
= 262 Ω
For Resistance R2
R
′
2
= 100 (1 + 0.0068 × 100)

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 = 168 Ω
Hence, Total Resistance in series combination of R1 and R2 at 100oC :
R=R ′
1
+ R
′
2
= 262 + 168
= 430 Ω

28. i. The force experienced, F ⃗ = q(v ⃗ × B⃗ )

The charge will go undeflected when v ⃗ is parallel or antiparallel to B⃗
∵ F
⃗
=0
[Alternatively, If v makes an angle of 0° or 180° with B⃗ ]
ii. The KE of electron
= eV ,V is equal to 104 V.
2 2 2

KE = e r B

2m
−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−
1 2mV 2×9.1× 10
−31 4
× 10
∴ r = √ = [√ −19
×
1

0.04
]
B e 1.6×10

= 8.4 × 10-3 m
29. l = 8 cm = 0.08 m, b = 6 cm = 0.06 m N = 2000, I = 200 mA = 0.2 A, B = 0.2 T
The magnitude of the magnetic dipole moment is given by
m = N I A = 2000 × 0.2 × (0.08 × 0.06) = 1.92 Am2
The direction of m⃗ is normal to area A⃗ of the coil from S-pole to N -pole. The magnitude of the torque on the coil is
τ = mB sin θ

For maximum torque m⃗ must be perpendicular to B⃗

Therefore,
τ = m B = 1.92 × 0.2 = 0.384 Nm
max

Thus the torque on the coil is maximum whenever the X-axis lies in the plane of the coil.
The torque on the coil is zero when m⃗ is parallel or antiparallel to B⃗ , i.e., when it lies in the YZ -plane. The coil will be in stable
equilibrium when m⃗ is parallel to B⃗ , and in unstable equilibrium, when m⃗ is antiparallel to B⃗ ,
30. Let the alternating e.m.f applied to an LCR circuit is
E = E sin ωt ....(i)
0

If alternating current developed lags behind the applied e.m.f by a phase angle ϕ, then
I = I0 sin(ωt − ϕ)

Total work done over a complete cycle is

T

W = ∫ EI dt
0

= ∫ E0 sin ωt ⋅ I0 sin(ωt − ϕ)dt

0

= E0 I0 ∫ sin ωt sin(ωt − ϕ)dt

0

T
E0 I0
= ∫ 2 sin ωt sin(ωt − ϕ)dt
2
0

T
E0 I0
= ∫ [cos(ωt − ωt + ϕ) − cos(ωt + ωt − ϕ)]dt
2
0

[∵ 2 sinA sinB = cos(A - B) - cos(A + B)]

T
E0 I0
Or W =
2
∫ [cos ϕ − cos(2ωt − ϕ)] dt
0

T
E0 I0 sin(2ωt−ϕ)
or W =
2
[t cos ϕ −
2ω
]
0
E0 I0
= [T cos ϕ]
2
E0 I0
W = ⋅ cos ϕ ⋅ T
2

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 Average power in LCR circuit over a complete cycle is
W E0 I0 E0 I0
P = = cos ϕ = ⋅ cos ϕ
T 2 √2 √2

∴ P = Erms Irms cos ϕ

Section D
31. i. Let the total charge on the plates of the below capacitor is +Q and -Q respectively.

∴ The potential difference between the plates of the above capacitor of capacitance C for an infinitesimal charge q is q/C.
∴ Potential of condenser = q/C
Small amount of work done in giving an additional charge dq to the condenser,
q
dW = × dq
C

∴ Total work done in giving a charge Q to the condenser,

2 q=Q 2
q=Q q 1 q 1 Q
W = ∫ dq = [ ] ⇒ W =
q=0 C C 2 C 2
q=0

As, an electrostatic force is conservative, this work is stored in the form of potential energy (U) of the condenser.
2
1 Q
U = W =
2 C
2
1 (CV ) 1 2
∵ Q = CV ⇒ U = = CV
2 C 2

1
∵ CV = Q ⇒ U = QV
2
2
Q
Hence, U = 1

2 C
=
1

2
CV
2
=
1

2
QV

Energy density (u) is defined as the total energy per unit volume of the condenser.
1 2
CV
Total energy (U )
i.e., u =
2
=
Volume (V ) Ad

ε0 A
Using, C = d
and V = Ed (Where V is the potential difference and E is the Electric field existing between the plates)
ε0 A 2 2
E d
We get, u = 1

2
(
d
)(
Ad
) =
1

2
ε0 E
2

Here, Energy density between plates of capacitors is directly proportional to electric field that exists between the plates of
capacitor.
ii. Initial condition :
If we consider a charged capacitor of capacitance C with potential difference V, then its charge would be given, q = CV

and energy stored in it is given by

1
U1 =
2
CV
2
.....(i)
When this charged capacitor is connected to uncharged capacitor,

Let the common potential be V1, the charge flow from first capacitor to the other capacitor unless both the capacitor attains the
common potential.
⇒ Q1 = CV1 and Q2 = CV2

Applying conservation of charge,

Q = Q1 + Q2 ⇒ CV = CV1 + CV2
⇒ V = V1 + V2 ⇒ V1 = V

2
[hence voltage will be equally divided between the capacitors]
Total energy stored in both the capacitor is
2 2
1 2 1 2 1 V 1 V
U2 = CV + CV ⇒ U2 = C( ) + C( )
2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2

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 2
2CV 1 2
U2 = = CV
8 4

From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get, U2 < U1

It means that energy stored in the combination is less than that stored initially in the single capacitor. It is due to the fact that
when the charge is transferred from one capacitor to another capacitor energy is wasted in transferring the charge.
32. The hysteresis curve (B-H curve) of a ferromagnetic material is shown in the following figure:

To explain qualitatively the domain picture of the irreversibility in the magnetisation curve of a ferromagnet, we draw the
hysteresis curve for ferromagnetic substance as shown above. We can observe that the magnetisation persists even when the
external field is removed. This gives the idea of irreversibility of a ferromagnet. The detailed reason is explained below:

The atomic dipoles are grouped together in domains in a ferromagnetic substance. All the dipoles of a domain are aligned in the
same direction and have a net magnetic moment (Fig. a). In an unmagnetised substance, these domains are randomly distributed
so that the resultant magnetization is zero (Fig. b). These domains align themselves in the direction of the field when the substance
is placed in an external magnetic field. Some energy is spent in the process of alignment. These domains do not come back into
their original random positions completely when the external field is removed. Some magnetization is retained by the substance.
The energy spent in the process of magnetization is not fully recovered. The balance of energy is lost as heat. This is the basic
cause for irreversibility of the magnetization curve of a ferromagnetic substance.
33. a. From the given electric field vector, it can be inferred that the electric field is directed along the negative x direction. Hence,
the direction of motion is along the negative y direction i.e., -j.
b. It is given that,
E = 3.1 N/C cos [(1.8 rad/m) y + (5.4 × 108 rad/s)t] ^i ..(i)
⃗

The general equation for the electric field vector in the positive x direction can be written as:
⃗
E = E0 sin(kx − ωt) ...(ii)
On comparing equations (i) and (ii), we get
Electric field amplitude,is E0 = 3.1 N/C

and the Angular frequency, ω = 5.4 × 108 rad/s

Wave number, k = 1.8 rad/m
hence Wavelength is given by , λ = = 3.490 m 2π

1.8

c. Frequency of wave is given by:

ω
v =
2π

= 8.6 × 107 Hz
8
5.4×10
=
2π

d. Magnetic field strength is given as:

E0
B0 =
c

Where,
c = Speed of light = 3 × 108 m/s hence, amplitude of the magnetic field part of the wave is given by :-
= 1.03 × 10-7 T
3.1
∴ B0 =
8
3×10

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 e. On observing the given vector field, it can be observed that the magnetic field vector is directed along the negative z direction.
Hence, the general equation for the magnetic field vector is written as:
⃗
B = B0 cos(ky + ωt)k

= (1.03 × 10-7 T) cos [(1.8 rad/m) y + (5.4 × 106 rad/s)t]k

^

34. (c) Magnetic permeability - Henry m

Explanation:
Magnetic permeability - Henry m

35. (d) 5 × 105 A/m

Explanation: Given, l = 3 cm, A = 2 cm2, M = 3 A m2
Intensity of magnetisation = =
M

−2
3

−4
LA 3× 10 ×2× 10

= 0.5 × 106 = 5 × 105 A/m

1
= −6
2×10

36. (c) 2.5 × 105 A m-1

Explanation: Here, n = 500 turns/m
I = 1A, μ = 500 r

Magnetic intensity, H = nI = 500 m-1 × 1A = 500 A m-1

As μ = 1 + χ or χ = (μ
r r − 1)

Magnetisation, M = χH
= (μ r − 1) H = (500 − 1) × 500 Am-1
= 2.495 × 105 Am-1 ≈ 2.5 × 105 A m-1
37. (c) 5999
Explanation: Relative permeability of iron, μ = 6000 r

Magnetic susceptibility χ = μ − 1 = 5999

m r

38. (b) net magnetic moment per unit volume

Explanation: net magnetic moment per unit volume
39. (d) The relative motion between the coil and magnet produces change in magnetic flux.
Explanation: The relative motion between the coil and the magnet produces change in the magnetic flux in the coil. The
induced emf is always in such a direction that it opposes the change in the flux.
40. (a) Lenz's law
Explanation: Lenz's law
41. (b) Option (iv)
Explanation: Option (iv)
42. (c) is repelled
Explanation: When current in coil A increases with time, there will be a change of flux in coil B which will induce a current in
B. Now, according to Lenz's law, the direction of induced current in B will be opposite to the direction of current in A. Thus, if
two loops carry current in opposite direction they will repel each other.
43. (a) variable
Explanation:
When an electron is moving from right to left, the flux linked with loop (which is going into the page) will first increase and
then decrease as the electron passes by. So the induced current Ii in the loop will be first clockwise and will change direction
(i.e. will become anticlockwise) as the electron passes by.

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