Solution

REVISION TEST 1

Class 12 - Physics

1. (d) both force and torque are not zero

Explanation: both force and torque are not zero

2. (d) moving or stationary

Explanation: moving or stationary

3. (d) Zero

Explanation: Unit positive charge at O will be repelled equally by three charges at the three corners of the triangle. By
symmetry, resultant E⃗  at O would be zero.
4. (d) on the outer surface of a charged conductor

Explanation: Electric charge always resides on the outer surface of a charged conductor.
4Q
5. (a) 5

Explanation: Let q and q ' be the charges on spheres of radii R and 2R respectively.

S
Given: q + q  = Q ...(i)
′

′
q q
Surface charge densities are σ =  and σ ′

SE
=
2 2
4πR 4π(2R)

Given: σ = σ
′

′
q q
∴
2
=
2

4πR 4π(2R)

or q  = 4q

′
AS
From eqn. (i)

q  = Q - q or 4q = Q - q or Q = 5q

Q 4Q
∴ q    = Q - q = Q - 
′
=
CL

5 5

q
6. (d) ϵo

Explanation: Since the charge q is placed at the center of the cube, so the electric flux lines move out equally from all sides of
q
the cube. , so by Gauss theorem, the total flux through the cube is ϕ = ε0

7. (b) Zero

Explanation: Forces of repulsion on 1 μC charge at O due to 3 μC charge, at A and C are equal and opposite. So they cancel
each other. Similarly, forces of attraction of 1 μC charge at O due to -4 μC charges at B and D are also equal and opposite. So
they also cancel each other.

BH

Hence the net force on the charge of 1 μC at O is zero.

8. (d) Zero

Explanation: As there is no charge residing inside the cube, hence net flux is zero.
9. When two identical bodies having different magnitude of charge are touched, the redistribution of charge takes place and both the
bodies acquire same charge.

∴ Charge on each body after touching

12−18
= = −3μC

The new force between the bodies

−6 −6

F =
4πε0
1 3× 10 ×3× 10

x
−6 −6
12× 10 ×18× 10
but 48 = 4πε0
1
⋅
2

x
−6 −6

∴ F =
48×3× 10

−6
×3× 10

−6
=
48×3×3

12×18
=2N
12× 10 ×18× 10

10. Let two point charges q1 and q2 are placed at points A and B have position vectors r1 and r2 from the origin O as shown in the
figure-

Electric field lines due to these charges will be away from the charges as both are positive.

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 ∵ AP = r - r1 and BP = r - r2

Electric field intensity at point P due to q1 will be given by -

1 q1
E1 =
4πε0
⋅
2
ˆ
AP

|AP |

Similarly, Electric field intensity due to charge q2 is given by -

q
E2 =
4πε0
1
⋅
2

2
ˆ
BP

|BP|

∴ Net electric field intensity at point P will be the vector sum of the electric field produced by the two charges and can be added
directly i.e.

E = E1 + E2

S
q1 q2
1 ˆ ˆ
= [ (r − r1 ) + (r − r2 ) ]
4πε0 2 2
|r− r1 | |r− r2 |

SE
11. Electric field intensity at any point outside a uniformly charged spherical shell:

Assume a thin spherical shell of radius R with centre O. Let charge +q is uniformly distributed over the surface of the shell.

AS
CL
M

Let P be any point on the Gaussian surface sphere S1 with centre O and radius r (r > R). According to Gauss's law.

→ → →
q q
∮ E ⋅ d s=
ε0
^ ds =
⇒ ∮ E ⋅ n
ε0

S E
BH

q q
∴ E ∮ ds =
ε0
⇒ E ⋅ 4πr
2
=
ε0

q
∴ Er =
1

4πε0
⋅
2

At any point on the surface of the shell, r = R

q
∴ E R
= ⋅
1

4πε0 2
R

If σ is charge density,

∴ q = 4πR σ

∴ ER =
1

4πε0
⋅
4π R σ

Therefore, E R =
σ

ε0

Graph: As the charge on shell reside on the outer surface, so there is no charge inside the shell, so electric field by Gauss's law
will be zero.

So inside shell, r < R

q = 0 or σ = 0

E =
σ

ε0

Therefore, E = 0

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 The variation of the electric field intensity E(r) with distance r from the centre for shell 0 ⩽ r ⩽ ∞ is shown below.

12. a. The charge density of a long cylinder having length l and radius r1 is λ 1 while other cylinders having a similar length which
surrounds the first cylinder having radius r2. If E is the electric field in a space between the two cylinders, then as per Gauss
law, electric flux through Gaussian surface will be:

ϕ = 2πrlE

where,
r = distance of a point from the common axis of cylinders. Further, if q is the total charge on the cylinder, so electric flux will
be

q
ϕ =
ε0

where,

S
q = charge on inner cylinder

SE
ε  = permittivity of free space

Further,

λ1 l
2πrlE =
ε0

Hence, the electric field between two cylinders is

AS
λ1
E =
2π ε0 r

CL
M
BH

b. Also, when q is the total charge on cylinder, then electric flux will be

ϕ = 2πRlE

q
ϕ =
ε0

where, q = charge, ε = permittivity of free space

Now, the electric field at a point outside the larger cylinder will be

( λ1 − λ2 )l
2πr2 lE =
ε0

λ1 − λ2
Electric field, E = 2πε0 r2

So, the electric field is proportional to the difference of their charge density and inversely proportional to the distance (radius) of
the cylinder.

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13. i. The derivation of expression of the electric field on the equatorial line of the electric dipole can be explained as follows:

Let the point 'P' be at a distance V from the midpoint of the dipole.

q
|E | =
+q
2 2
4π ε0 (r + a )

q
|E−q | =
2 2

4π ε0 (r + a )

S
Both are equal and their directions are as shown in the figure, hence the net electric field

⃗ 

SE
^
E = [− (E+q + E−q ) cos θ] p
2qa
= −
3/2
 

2 2
4πε0 (r + a )

The electric field =p/4π ∈ 0(r + a ) 2 2 (

3/2)  

If the dipole is short then 2a<<<<r

AS
Hence electric field= p/4π ∈ 0(r )  
3

where p is the dipole moment.

ii.  
CL

a. Stable equilibrium θ = 0

M
BH

b.

14. a. We can see from the figure that on the left face E and ΔS are parallel. l = 20 cm, r = 5 cm = 0.05m. Therefore, the outward
flux is

⃗  ^
ϕL = E ⋅ ΔS = −200 i ⋅ ΔS

= + 200 ΔS, since ^

i ⋅ ΔS = -ΔS

= + 200 × 2
+ 1.57 Nm2C-1

π (0.05) =

On the right face, E and ΔS are parallel and therefore

ϕR = E ⋅ ΔS = + 1.57 Nm2 C-1.

b. For any point on the side of the cylinder E is perpendicular to ΔS and hence E.ΔS = 0. This is because when dot prdouct is
solved they involve cos and the angle between E and ds is 90 degree and cos 90 = 0. Therefore, the flux out of the side of the
cylinder is zero.
c. Net outward flux through the cylinder

ϕ = 1.57 + 1.57 + 0 = 3.14 Nm2 C-1

d. The net charge within the cylinder can be found by using Gauss’s law which gives

q = ∈ ϕ
o

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 = 3.14 × 8.854 × 10-12 C

= 2.78 × 10-11 C
15. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

16. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Explanation: Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
17. (c) If both Assertion & Reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Explanation: If both Assertion & Reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion
− √2q
18. (b)

√2+1

Explanation: Electrostatic energy between two charges q1 and q2 such that the distance between them r is given as

Kq q
U =
r
1 2

In accordance to the principle of superposition, total energy of the charge system as shown in the figure below is

S
SE
AS
CL

2
Kq KQq KQq
U =
a
+
a
+

√2a

It is given that, U = 0

Kq Q
∴
a
[q + Q + ] = 0

√2
M

− √2×q
⇒ Q =
( √2+1)

19. (b) 0.1 V

BH

q
Explanation: V0 =  4π ε0 r
 

3
πR
3
= 125 ×
4

3
πr
3
 or R = 5r

125q
V = 2.5 volt =   

4π ε0 (5r)
q
or 2.5 volt =  125

5
×
4π ε0 r
 

or 2.5 volt = 25 ×  V0 

2.5
∴  V0 =  25
volt = 0.1 volt

20. (d) S and R

Explanation: The points and 5 are placed on the same perpendicular line to the lines of force.
21. (c) zero

Explanation:

A = (-a, 0, 0)

B = (0, a, 0)

Point charge is moved from A to B.

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 VA - VB = 0

∴  WAB = q(VA - VB) = 0

22. (a) 3F

2
q
Explanation: We have, F =  4πε0
1
⋅
2

d
q
when A (which is of same size as that of B) is brought in contact with B the charge on both becomes 2
. When A, now
q
( ) + q
q 3q
containing a charge 2
 is brought in contact with C, charge on each becomes  2

2
=
4
. he new force of repulsion between
B and C

q 3q
( )( )

F
′
=
4πε0
1 2

2
4
 =  3F

8
d

5
23. (d) 3
c

Explanation: 5

3
c

24. (b) VA = VC > VB

Explanation: A (0, 0) ,B (0, 2) ,C(2, 0)

right angle triangle

Va - Vb = 0

S
Va - Vc = 0

SE
Va = Vc > Vb

25. Computing electric potential from electric field. The relation between electric field and potential is

⃗ 
E = −
dV
or dV ⃗ 
= − E ⋅ dr ⃗ 

dr ⃗ 

→
AS V2 r2
→

Integrating the above equation between points r1 and r ⃗  , we get ∫

2
V1
⃗ 
dV = − ∫→ E ⋅ dr ⃗ 

r1
→
r2
or V 2
− V1 = − ∫
⃗ 
r1
⃗ 
E ⋅ dr ⃗ 

where V1 and V2 are the potentials at r ⃗  and r ⃗  respectively. If we take r ⃗  at infinity, then V 1 2 1 1 = 0 and put r ⃗ 
2 , we get

= r ⃗ 
CL

r ⃗ 
⃗  = − ∫ ⃗ 
V (r ) E ⋅ dr ⃗ 
∞

26. The two 2 μF capacitors on the right side are in series, their equivalent capacitance = 2×2

2+2
= 1μF

This 1 μF capacitance is in parallel with the central 1 μF capacitor. Their equivalent capacitance

= 1 + 1 = 2μF

This 2μF capacitance is in series with the 2μF capacitor at the bottom. Their equivalent capacitance

= 1μF

2×2
=
2+2

Finally, 1 μF capacitance is in parallel with the left out 1 μF capacitor. The equivalent capacitance is

BH

C = 1 + 1 = 2 μF = 2 × 10-6 F

V = 6 V

CV2 = 2 × 10-6 × (6)2 = 3.6 × 10-5J

1 1
∴ U= 2 2
×

27. The potential inside and on the surface of a charged metallic sphere of radius r is given by:

q 2
1 1 4π σ
V =
4πε0 r
=
4πε0
⋅
r
⇒ V ∝ r

Hence, the bigger sphere will be at a higher potential and the charge will flow from bigger sphere to smaller sphere when the two
spheres are connected by a conducting wire.
28. i. Charges on the three shells are

2
qA = 4πa σ, qB = −4πb σ, qC = 4πc σ
2 2

The potential at every point inside a spherical shell is constant and is equal to that on its surface.

Potential of shell A. Any point on the surface of shell A lies inside the shells B and C.

qA qB q
∴ VA =
4πε0
1
[
a
+
b
+
C

c
]

2 2 2

=
4πε0
1
[
4π a σ

a
−
4π b σ

b
+
4π c σ

c
]

or V A =
σ

ε0
(a − b + c)

Potential of shell B. Any point on shell B lies outside the shell A and inside the shell C.

q q qC
∴ VB =
4πε0
1
[
b
A
+
B

b
+
c
]

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 2 2 2

=
4πε0
1
[
4π a σ

b
−
4π b σ

b
+
4π c σ

c
]

2
σ a
or V B =
ε0
[
b
− b + c]

Potential of shell C. Any point on shell C lies outside the shells A and B.

1 qA qB qC
∴ VC =
4πε0
[
c
+
c
+
c
]

2 2 2

=
4πε0
1
[
4π a σ

c
−
4π b σ

c
+
4π c σ

c
]

2 2

or V C =
σ

ε0
[
a

c
−
b

c
+ c]

ii. If the shells A and C are at the same potential then VA = VC

2 2

∴
σ

ε0
(a − b + c) =
ε0
σ
(
a

c
−
b

c
+ c)

(a−b)(a+b)
or a − b = c

or a + b = c
29. a. The charge q placed at the centre of the shell induces a charge - q on the inner surface of the shell and charge + q on its outer
surface.

∴  Surface charge density on the inner surface of the shell

 charge  q
=
 surface area 
= −
2

4πr
1

S
Q+q
Surface charge density on the outer surface of the shell = 2
4πr
2

SE
b. Even if the shell is not spherical, the entire charge resides on its outer surface. The net charge on the inner surface enclosing
the cavity is zero. From Gauss's theorem, the electric field vanishes at all points inside the cavity. For a cavity of arbitrary
shape, this is not enough to claim that the electric field inside must be zero. The cavity surface may have positive and negative
charges with a total charge of zero.

AS
CL

Electric field vanishes inside a cavity of any shape.

To overrule this possibility, consider a closed-loop PQRSP, such that part QPR is inside the cavity along a line of force and the
part RSP is inside the conductor. Since the field inside a conductor is zero, this gives a network done by the field (in part RSP)
M

in carrying a test charge over a closed loop. But this is not possible for a conservative field like the electrostatic field. Hence
there are no lines of force (i.e., no field), and no charge on the inner surface of the conductor, whatever be its shape.
BH

30. The capacitance of the capacitor before a dielectric slab is placed in between is given by

ε0 A
C0 =
d

Potential difference = V

Initial charge on capacitor q0 = C0V

i. When, the battery is disconnected, charge on the capacitor remains unchanged.

εo A
i.e, q = q o
=
d
q/A q
ii. Initial electric field between the plates, E0 = ε0
σ
=
ε0
=
Aε0

When, dielectric is introduced in between the plates, the permittivity of medium becomes K ε
0

q E0
Now, electric field in between the plates E = =
K

AKε0

Thus, electric field is reduced by a factor of 1

iii. The capacitance increases due to the decreases in potential difference and for any dielectric, K > 1

∴ C = kCO

31. i.

Let P be an axial point at a distance r from the centre of the dipole of dipole length 2a.

Electric potential at point P will be

(−q) q
V = V1 + V2 =
1

4πε0
⋅
r+a
+
4πε0
1
⋅
r−a
(V​1 and V​2 are the potentials due to charges -q and +q respectively of the dipole)

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BHM CLASSES
 q q
= [
r−a
1
−
r+a
1
] = ⋅
2a

4πε0 4πε0 r2 − a2
p
=
1

4πε0
⋅
2 2
[∵ p = q(2a) ]

r −a

For a far away point, r >>a

1 p 1
∴ V =
4πε0
⋅
2
or V ∝
2

r r
1
Thus, due to an electric dipole, potential at an axial point is V ∝ 2
r

ii. Let A is area of each plate and C1 and C2 are capacitances of the slabs given in the figures above.

ε0 A
Let intially, C ′
1
= C =
d
= C2 ..........(i)

After inserting respective dielectric slabs.

C = KC

′
2
ε0 (A/2) ε0 (A/2)
and C 2
′
= K1
d
+ K2
d

ε0 A
=
2d
(K1 + K2 )

C
C
2
′
=
2
(K1 + K2 ) ............(ii)

From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get

′ ′ C 1
C = C ⇒ KC = (K1 + K2 ) ⇒ K = (K1 + K2 )
1 2 2 2

32. (b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.

S
Explanation: If a material contains polar molecules, they will generally be in random orientations when no electric field is
applied. An applied electric field will polarize the material by orienting the dipole moment of polar molecules.

SE
33. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation: A charge is always conserved but some energy is lost in the form of heat.
34. (d)
continuous if there is no charge at that point

AS
Explanation: continuous if there is no charge at that point
Q
35. (d)
E =  4πε0
1
⋅
2

Q
Explanation: E =  1

4πε0
⋅
2
x
CL

36. (a)
8 × 10-15 N

Explanation: 8 × 10-15 N
37. (a)
source charge Q only

Explanation: source charge Q only

M

38. (c)
zero

Explanation: zero
BH

39. (a)
always zero

Explanation: Since, E = 0 inside the conductor and has no tangential component on the surface, no work is done in moving a
small test charge within the conductor and on its surface.
40. (d)
W

Explanation: The work done in bringing unit positive charge from infinity to a point which is at a distance x from the positive
charge Q is defined as the potential at the given point due to the charge Q. Therefore ϕ = W.
41. (d)
-40V

Explanation: Wext = q0ΔV

42. (a)
decrease

Explanation: decrease
43. (d)
Potential energy of charge q at a point is the work done per unit charge in bringing a charge from any point to infinity.

Explanation: Potential energy of charge q at a point is the work done per unit charge in bringing a charge from any point to
infinity.

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